MODERN AND EXPLANATION OF CRIMES AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR

Strain theory - Goal blocked

Anomie- without norms

Differential Oppurtunity- Hndi mayaman, hndi pinagpala kaya nakagawa ng crimen kasi un lang ang alam
niyang paraan para magkapera.

Differential Association- ang krimen ay natutunan niya dahil sa pag pakikipagcommunicate associate sa
ibang tao. Crime is learned and not inherited ika nga.

Neutralization- yun ung pipili ka kung gagawa ka ng mali o hindi. Titimbangin mo kung ano ang maaring
parusa pag gumawa ginawa mo ito.

"Wag po nating imemorize ung definition, Aralin po natin at imaster

This crimes are those that the lower class commit against the upper class of society in a capitalist system

A Crimes of Passion

B Crimes of Accommodation and Resistance

C Crimes of domination and Repression

D Crimes of Lower class group

The ruling class in a capitalist system is the

A Proletariat

B Bourgeois

C Capitalist

D Ruling class
Who proposed the theory of capitalism and invoked communism as a remedy?

A George Vold

B Karl Marx

C Emile Durkheim

D Max Weber

This theory believes that society is divided into two groups with competing values the upper class and
lower class.

A Class Theory

B Differential Opportunity

C Conflict Theory

D Consensus Theory

A problem that occurs when offenders who have been released from the system are placed in a program
simply because the program exist.

A Diversion Movement

B Intervention

C Net widening

D Primary Deviance

The term criminology was originally derived from Italian word:

a. crimen

b. criminologo

c. criminologia

d. criminologie

BBBDAC IS THE CORRECT ANSWERS

It refers to a strong self images that protects the youth from influence and pressure of criminogenic
pulse in his environment?

A. Social learning theory

C. Containment theory..answer

D. Social opportunity theory

This theory explains why person in deprived economic condition would be more willing to engage in
criminal behavior.

A. Strain of Anomie

B. Differential Association theory

C. Differential Opportunity

D. Risk vs Reward..answer

IImportant Theories in Criminology: Why People Commit Crime

Part of the Criminology For Dummies Cheat Sheet

In criminology, examining why people commit crime is very important in the ongoing debate of how
crime should be handled and prevented. Many theories have emerged over the years, and they continue
to be explored, individually and in combination, as criminologists seek the best solutions in ultimately
reducing types and levels of crime. Here is a broad overview of some key theories:

Rational choice theory: People generally act in their self-interest and make decisions to commit crime
after weighing the potential risks (including getting caught and punished) against the rewards.

Social disorganization theory: A person’s physical and social environments are primarily responsible for
the behavioral choices that person makes. In particular, a neighborhood that has fraying social
structures is more likely to have high crime rates. Such a neighborhood may have poor schools, vacant
and vandalized buildings, high unemployment, and a mix of commercial and residential property.

Strain theory: Most people have similar aspirations, but they don’t all have the same opportunities or
abilities. When people fail to achieve society’s expectations through approved means such as hard work
and delayed gratification, they may attempt to achieve success through crime.
Social learning theory: People develop motivation to commit crime and the skills to commit crime
through the people they associate with.

Social control theory: Most people would commit crime if not for the controls that society places on
individuals through institutions such as schools, workplaces, churches, and families.

Labeling theory: People in power decide what acts are crimes, and the act of labeling someone a
criminal is what makes him a criminal. Once a person is labeled a criminal, society takes away his
opportunities, which may ultimately lead to more criminal behavior.

Biology, genetics, and evolution: Poor diet, mental illness, bad brain chemistry, and even evolutionary
rewards for aggressive criminal conduct have been proposed as explanations for crime.

**Divine command theory is a meta-ethical theory which proposes that an action's status as morally
good is equivalent to whether it is commanded by God

1.The theory stating that the absence of norms in the society creates a setting conducive for crime and
other anti-social acts refers to

A.Differential Association Theory

B.Anomie Theory...answer

C.Somatyping Theory

D.Strain Theory

2.The one disapproved the idea of Cesare Lombroso about born criminal by his study of English convicts
was

A.Enrico Ferri

B.Edwin Sutherland

C.Earnest Hooton

D.Charles Goring..answer
3.This refers to acquisition of criminal behavior from one generation to another in which children have
no choice but to adopt the criminal behavior of their parents

A.Social Disorganization

B.Cultural Conflict

C.Cultural Transmission...answer

D.Social Learning

4.The one regarded as the Dean of Modern Criminology was

A.Cesare Lombroso

B.Sigmund Freud

C.Edwin Sutherland..answer

D.Hans Gross

The criminal law of philosophy which considers man as a moral creature who undertands right from
wrong

A. Juristic Philosophy...answer

B. Mixed philosophy

C. Positived Theory

D. Nota

The Differential Association Theory provides a good illustration of a social learning approach perspective
in Criminology Criminal Behavior according to this theory is:

A. A result of an emotional disturbances

B. An inmate quality of goodness or badness

C. Learned and not inherited..answer

D. An excess of wisdom
This theory also suggests another explanation for behavior as an insatiable need for immediate reward
or gratification.

A. moral development theory

B. social learning theory

C. personality theory

D. psychoanalytic theory..answer

The theory asserts that individuals will commit criminal or delinquent acts when their ties to society are
weakened or have broken. When the bonds are strong, an individual will refrain from criminal activity.

A. Differencial association

B. Differencial identification

C. social learning theory

D. Social Bonding theory..answer

Social control theory/Social Bond theory-TRAVIS HIRSCHI

- people engage in crime and delinquency because of broken or weak social bonds

It refers to a strong self images that protects the youth from influence and pressure of criminogenic
pulse in his environment?

A. Social learning theory

B. Differential identification theory

C. Containment theory..answer

D. Social opportunity theory

This theory believes that criminal behaviour is not inherited, it is learned through communications and
socializing with other people.

A. Social learning theory

C. Differential association theory...answer

D. Social culture theory.

A perspective which holds that the distribution of crime and delinquency within society is to some
degree founded upon the consequences which power relationships within the wider society hold for
domestic settings, and for the everyday relationships between men, women, and children within the
context of family life.

a. Social control theory

b. Social learning theory

c.Power control theory..answer

d. A&C

1. This kind of theory states that maintaining and monitoring urban environments to prevent small
crimes such as vandalism, public drinking, and toll jumping helps to create an atmosphere of order and
lawfulness, thereby preventing more serious crimes from happening.

a. Social Disorganization theory

b. labeling theory

c. Social Learning theory

d. Broken Windows theory

2. The Broken Windows Theory was introduced in a 1982 article by _____ and _____.

A. James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling

B. Lord Harwicke and Bentham

c. Vollmer and Quetelet

d. Freud and Lombroso

3. The ____ has its origins in the 18 century, British law. A legal principle that an original copy as a
superior evidence.

A. Prima Facie Evidence Rule

C. Best Evidence Rule

D. Document Evidence Rule

4. The Best Evidence Rule originated in the 18th-century case of?

A. Omychund vs Barker

B. Harwicke vs Peel

C. Chicago Vs State of Police

D. Either of the above

5. The _____ summarizes the ideas that Sir Robert Peel developed to define an ethical police force.

A. Peelian Principles

B. The Peel Principles

C. Metropolitan Police Principle

D. Professional Policing System

D.A.C.A.A

1. This theory argues that intelligence is largely determined genetically; that ancestry determines IQ;
and, that low intelligence as demonstrated by low IQ is linked to behavior including criminal behavior:

a. Nature Theory

b. Psychological theory

c. Strain Theory

d. Labeling theory

2. A police officer’s frustration in the realization of his ambition and goals in life both as an officer of the
law, and as a private citizen, can push him to a life of crime, as pointed out in this particular theory.

a. Disorganization Theory

b. Culture Conflict Theory

C.Differential Association Theory

3. This is a theory by Robert Merton which assumes that people are law abiding but under great
pressure, they will resort to crime.

a. strain theory

b. social learning

c. cultural deviance

d. anomie

4. This theory focuses on the development of high crime areas associated with the disintegration of
conventional values caused by rapid industrialization, increased migration and urbanization.

a. Cultural Deviance Theory

b. Differential Association Theory

c. Social Disorganization Theory

d. Strain Theory

5. states that individuals are deviant mainly because they have been labeled as deviant by social
agencies and others. The notion of deviance is not inherent in the act itself, but rather in the reaction
and stigma attached to the actor.

a. Containment Theory

b. Theory of Imitation

c. Social Process Theory

d. Social Reaction theory

ADACD correct ans. Closed.

It is a theory which is concerned with how the self identity and behavior of an individual is influenced by
how that individual is categorized and described by others in their society.

A radical

B labeling...answer

C conflict
D learning

who was the proponent of Labeling theory?: Edwin Lemert

LABELING THEORY

A person being labeled as a "deviant" leads him/her to engage in deviant behavior.

May nag uudyok saknya para gumawa ng crimen

❤️SOCIAL STRUCTURES THEORY (views that disadvantages economic class position is primary cause of
crime.)

saklaw ng iyong pag babago Family Education Government

🙌SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY

Focuses on the condition within the urban environment that affects crime rates

Unang dahilan ang kahirapan (Poverty) kaya ka nakakagawa ng crimen

👌STRAIN THEORY

(frustration, resentment, anger) =Goal Is Blocked

Frustration resentment anger ang dahilan kapag hindi mo na kuwa ang ang mga kagustuhan mo

😍CULTURAL DEVIANCE THEORY

Mga nag papa bago sa iyong paniniwala

Culture vs sub culture

CULTURE = BELIEF, TRADITION dati sanay ka mag bigay ng mga bagay sa pamamagitan ng iyong mga
nakagisnan o paniniwala

SUB CULTURE = binago ang iyong mga pamamagitan o mga kinagisnan halimbawa nito ang Cellphone
dati Notes notes lang sapat na ngayun sa pamamagitan ng txt mas nagiging Madali para sayo
🙏DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATIONS THEORY

learning criminal behaviour

Rewards or Punishment

Iniisip mo kapag Gumawa ka ng crimen meron kang rewards

Subalit kapag nakulong ka may kaakibat na

Punishment

👍SOCIAL PROCESS THEORY

Views that criminality is a function of people's interaction with various organization institutions and
process in society

👑DIFFERENTIAL REENFORCEMENT THEORY

Reaction positive vs negative

Binigyan mo ng positibong reaction ang maling gawain

Binigyan mo ng negatibong reaction ang maling gawain

💕NUTRALIZATION THEORY

Justify/rationalised

Pinanindigan mo yung ginawa mo

😇SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY

Regulate human behaviour

Pag control sa mga maling gawain

Relation w/ different institutions in the community

Strong vs weak
Strong tamang pag uugali

Weak maling pag uugali

😈DEMONOLOGICAL THEORY

demon or evil kaya ka nakakagawa ng crimen

😁DOING GENDER THEORY

LGBT

😉MASCULINITY HYPOTHESIS

Lalaki ang mas maraming criminal

😏🤔😀PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

ID EGO SUPEREGO (SIGMUND FRUD)

😊SOCIAL BOND THEORY

B.A.I.C

BELIEF

ATTACHMENTS

INVOLVEMENT

COMMITMENT

❤️CONTINENTAL THEORY

INNER VS OUTER

INNER meron kang gusto na ayaw ng family friend relatives etc mo

SCHOOL FRIEND SCHOOL na kung saan ka nakasali o kinabibilangan

🙏NATIVE THEORY

Determination of I.Q Level

Madaling Mauto

👌BEHAVIOR THEORY

Modeling theory

Kung ano man ang ginagawa ng. Matanda ay gagayahin ng bata.

👑CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

On crimes and punishment

Certainly of punishment

FREEWILL CRIMINAL (CESARE BONESANA MARCHESE DI BECCARIA)

Ano man Ang gawin mo O bagay na ikapapahamak mo ikaw din mismo ang mananagot

(JEREMY BETHAM)

- Utilitarianism,

- pain and pressure,

- felicipic calculus - change to rational calcularion

Iniisip nya kung gagawin nya o hindi

😎NEO CLASSICAL SCHOOL

Children and lunatics must free from punishment - CESARE LOMBROSO

LUNATIC - walang crimen Walang pananagutan subalit. May danyos (exempting)

🎉POSITIVISM (ITALIAN SCHOOL)

MORE ON PERSON

Denied individual responsibility and reflected on positive reaction to crime and criminality

Biology

Psychology

Sociology

Criminal sociology - investigates the social causes of criminal behavior in an effort to ultimately end
them.Criminal sociologist identify the sources outside of a person in society that influence and even as
some theorists believe,compel criminal action.

Criminology Theories

1. Strain Theory - people has aspirations like wealth and education.

There goals are blocked along the way. They resort to illegal

activities what they can not achieved through legitimate means.

People may reduce their aspirations or increase opportunities.

2. Learning Theories - follow the lead of Sutherland's theory of

differential association. Criminals learn from their peers.

3. Control Theories - focuses on the relationship of a person to

socialization. Effective bonding with such authority figure help

keep people out of trouble from the law.

4. Labelling Theory - People who are branded as criminals will

eventually criminal.

5. Conflict Theory - society is based on conflict between competing

interests group.

6. Radical Theory - crime is seen as a reflection of class struggle.

7. Left Realism - people of the working class prey upon one

another.Poor people victimize other poor people of their

own race and kind.

8. Peacemaking Theory - making "war on crime" will not work.

Making peace is the solution to crime.

9. Feminism - crime can not be understood without considering

gender. Crime is shaped by the different social experiences and

power is exercise by men and women. Men may use crime to

exert control over women and to demonstrate masculinity.

10.Critical Theory - Inequality in power and material well being

Capitalism and its market economy are especially criminogenic

because they create vast inequalities that impoverishes many

and provides opportunities for exploitation for the powerful.

11.Social Disorganization - disorganized communities cause crime

because informal social controls breakdown and criminal cultures

emerge. They lack collective efficacy to fight crime and disorder.

12. Classical - crime occurs when the benefits outweigh the

costs,when people pursue self interest in the absence

of effective punishments. Crime is a free willed choice.

13. Positivist - Crime is caused or determined.Placed more

emphasis on biological deficiencies, while later scholars would

emphasize psychological and sociological factors.Use science to

determine the factors associated with crime.

14. Individual Trait - criminals differ from non criminals on a number

of biological and sociological traits.These traits cause crime in

interaction with the social environment.

15. Differential Association - crime is learned through associations

with criminal definitions.These definitions might be generally

approving of criminal conduct or be neutralization that justify

social peers is a major cause of crime.Criminal behavior will be

repeated and become chronic if reinforced.When criminal

subculture exist then many individuals can learn to commit crime

in one location and crime rates, including violence may become

very high.

16. Anomie - the gap between a persons goal or economic success

and the opportunity to obtain this goal creates structural

strain.Norms weakens and anomie ensues,thus creating high

crime rates.When other social institutions such as family are

weak to begin with or also weakened by a persons goal, the

economic institution is dominant.When such an institutional

imbalance exists,then crime rates are very high.

17. Rational Choice - Building on classical theory,crime is seen as a

choice that is influenced by its costs and benefits,that is, by its

rationality.Crime will be more likely to be deterred if its costs are

raised especially if the costs are certain and immediate.

Information about the costs and benefits of crime can be

obtained by direct experiences with punishment and punishment

avoidance and indirectly by observing whether others who

offend are punished or avoid punishment.

18. Routine Activities - crime occurs when their is an intersection

and a lack of capable guardianship.Peoples daily routine activities

affect the likelihood they will be an attractive target who

encounters an offender in a situation where no effective

guardianship is present.Change in activities in society can affect

crime rates