I. Wstaw odpowiedni czasownik modalny.

1. You …............... fasten a seatbelt while in a car. It’s the law.

2. We.................... (not) wake up early tomorrow. It’s a holiday.
3. You ….............. shout at the children. It upsets them.
4. Tom ….............. study harder if he wants to pass the exams.
5. You …..............leave early today if you want to.
6. You …..............enter the area. It’s forbidden.
7. Carol ….............. speak six languages.
8. If it gets colder tomorrow, it ….............. snow.
9. . ….............. you make a copy of this, please?
10. You ….............. take things without permission.
Odpowiedzi:
1. Must 2. Don’t have to 3. Can’t/shouldn’t 4. Must/have to 5. Can/may 6. Mustn’t 7. Can 8. Will
9. Can/could/may 10. Can’t

II. Wstaw odpowiedni czasownik modalny

1. Alice ____________________ play the guitar. She often takes it with her for our parties.
2. Children, you ____________________ go to the forest alone! Forget about that!
3. I think you _________________visit your grandmother more often. She probably feels very lonely.
4. We ____________________ buy the tickets before we get on the train.
5. ____________________ you open the window, please?
6. You ____________________ bring any food for the party! Just come and have fun!
7. I ____________________ lift this box. It’s too heavy for me
8. Did you know that Mark ____________________ ride a bicycle until the age of 10?
9. We don’t really have any plans for the weekend. We _______ stay at home or go to the cinema.
10. You ____________________ eat so much chocolate if you want to lose weight
Odpowiedzi:
1 can 2. mustn’t 3. should 4. have to 5. could 6. don’t have to 7. can’t 8. couldn’t 9. May 10. Shouldn’t

III. Przetłumacz.
1. Musisz tu być o 8.
2. Powinieneś przyjąć tę pracę.
3. Mógłbyś kupić jej kwiaty.
4. Nie musisz gotować dzisiaj obiadu, zjem coś na mieście.
5. Nie wolno chodzić po trawie.
6. Być może zrobimy grill w sobotę.
7. Ona powinna trochę schudnąć.
8. Czy chciałbyś filiżankę kawy?
9. Czy powinna kupować tą sukienkę?
Odpowiedzi:
1. You have to be here at eight. 2. You should take this job. 3. You could buy her flowers. 4. You don’t have
to cook dinner today,I will eat something out. 5. You mustn’t walk the grass. 6. You may have a barbecue
on Saturday. 7. She should lose a bit weight. 8. Would you like a cup of coffee? 9. Should she buy this dress.
IV. Przetłumacz fragment w nawiasach.
1. _________________________ (Potrzebuję) your help with this task.
2. _________________________ (Czy Ty musisz) get up very early every day?
3. There’s nobody at home. They _________________________ (mogą być) in the shops, although
that’s quite unlikely at 10 pm.
4. _________________________ (Nie wolno Ci) speak like that to your sister! That’s very rude.
5. Sarah _________________________ (nie musiała) go to work by bus. I gave her a lift.
6. Children at this age _________________________ (powinny spać) at least 12 hours a day.
7. Sorry, _________________________ (nie możemy Ci pomóc).
8. That _________________________ (może być) more difficult to do than you expect.
9. Every student in this school _______________________ (musi nosić) a uniform.
10. Oh, _________________________ (musicie obejrzeć) that musical! It’s absolutely fantastic!
Odpowiedzi:
1. I need 2. Do you have to 3. might be 4. You mustn’t 5. didn’t have to 6. should sleep 7. we can’t help you
8. may/might be 9. has to wear 10. you must watch
V. Zaznacz odpowiednie słowo. Jeśli oba są poprawne, zaznacz oba.
1. Hello. Could / Can I speak to Mrs Johnson, please?
2. We could / were allowed to go home early yesterday because our teacher was ill.
3. The head teacher said we could / were allowed to go home.
4. Do you think I should / could be worried about these spots on my forehead?
5. You ought to / should enter that talent contest!
6. You couldn't / shouldn't talk to people like that! It's rude!
7. Alan should write / have written two essays in the exam yesterday, not one!
8. No, you may / should not go out tonight. You know you're grounded!
9. Diana should have waited / been waiting for me at the corner. I wonder where she went.
10. What were you doing in the park? You ought to have done / been doing your homework then!
11. Yes, of course you can / are able to open the window if you're too hot!
Odpowiedzi:
Can/could, were allowed to, could/were allowed to, should, ought to/should, shouldn’t, have written, may,
waited/been waiting, can

VI. Uzupełnij zdanie b) tak aby miało takie samo znaczenie jak zdanie a). Użyj podanego słowa nie
zmieniając jego formy
1. a) You are not allowed to go outside after 10 pm.
b) You _________________________ after pm. MUSTN’T
2. a) The applicants don’t have to fill in any additional forms.
b) The applicants _________________________ any additional forms. NEED
3. a) Are you able to cook dinner today?
b) _________________________ dinner today? CAN
4. a) Look at the mess in your room. It needs cleaning!
b) Look at the mess in your room. _________________________ clean it! OUGHT
5. a) It is possible that they will accept our offer.
b) They _________________________ offer. MAY
6. a) It isn’t a good idea to ask your boss for a payrise today.
b) You _________________________ for a payrise today. SHOULDN’T
7. a) Jessica didn’t know how to drive when she was 15.
b) Jessica _________________________ when she was 15. COULDN’T
 8. a) It is necessary for us to buy a bigger car.
b) _________________________ a bigger car. NEED
9. a) The teacher told Adam to correct his homework for tomorrow.
b) Adam _________________________ his homework for tomorrow. HAS
10. a) Maybe Alan is ill. He hasn’t been at work for a few days.
b) _________________________ ill. He hasn’t been at work for a few days. MIGHT
Odpowiedzi:
1. mustn’t go outside 2. don’t need to fill in 3. Can you cook 4. You ought to 5. may accept our 6. shouldn’t
ask your boss 7. couldn’t drive 8. We need to buy 9. has to correct 10. Alan might be
VII. Uzupełnij zdanie używając podanego słowa tak aby miało takie samo znaczenie. (2-5 słów)
1. His lights are on so I'm pretty sure Dan is at home. as
Dan......................................................................his lights are on.
2. Susie's car's not here so she's almost certainly taking Dobber to the vet. be
Susie......................................................................Dobber to the vet since her car's not here.
3. There's no way that boy's Simon. He's much taller! boy
That......................................................................Simon. He's much taller!
4. I'm certain the Winners don't think we're coming tonight; we arranged it for next Tuesday. expecting
The Winners......................................................................tonight; we arranged it for next Tuesday.
5. I bet you were exhausted after such a long journey! have
You......................................................................exhausted after such a long journey!
6. The only explanation is that Evan was on the phone to someone in Australia! talking
Evan......................................................................on the phone to someone in Australia!
7. There's no way Casey won the disco dancing competition - he's got two left feet! have
Casey......................................................................the disco dancing competition - he's got two left
feet!
8. I don't believe Helen's been trying to call us all day. The phone hasn't rung once. been
Helen......................................................................to call us all day. The phone hasn't rung once.
Odpowiedzi:
1. must be at home as, 2. Must be talking, 3. Boy can’t/couldn’t be, 4. Can’t/couldn’t be expecting us, 5.
Must have been, 6. Must have been talking, 7. Can’t/couldn’t have won, 8. Can’t/couldn’t have been trying
VIII.

Odpowiedzi:
1. must, 2. Able, 3. Could, 4. Cannot, 5. Should, 6. Mustn’t, 7. Had, 8. Have, 9. Will, 10. Ought, 11. Might,
12. Needn’t
IX.

Odpowiedzi: D, B, D, A, D, C, B, C, D, A
X.
 Odpowiedzi:
1. Ought, 2. Had, 3. Can’t/couldn’t, 4. Must, 5. Can, 6. Can’t, 7. May/might/could/must, 8. Should, could,
may, might, 9. Could/may/might, 10. Not, 11. Could/might
XI.

Odpowiedzi: C, A, D, A, B, B, A, D, A, C, D, B
XII. Popraw błędy
1. We don’t must to go to school today. It’s Sunday.
2. People waiting in queues ought be more patient.
3. When you learn a foreign language you should to practise it every day.
4. That may not be true! That’s impossible!
5. You mustn’t help me with the cooking. Just sit down and rest after work.
6. Tomek might not speak English when he was a child. He only learnt it when he went to high school.
7. Amanda doesn’t need go to the shops. Her husband will do that.
8. I think my mom can be at home at the moment.
Odpowiedzi:
1. We don’t have to go to school today. It’s Sunday.2. People waiting in queues ought to be more patient. 3.
When you learn a foreign language you should practise it every day. 4. That can’t be true! That’s
impossible! 5. You don’t have to help me with the cooking. Just sit down and rest after work. 6. Tomek
couldn’t speak English when he was a child. He only learnt it when he went to high school. 7. Amanda
doesn’t need to go to the shops. Her husband will do that. 8. I think my mom may be at home at the moment

Odpowiedzi:
a) Couldn’t have left you to do – przykład
b) Might not have noticed (that)
c) Needn’t have gone to
d) Is said to have borrowed
e) Might have backed
f) Needn’t have worried
g) Cannot possibly have opened
h) Could have given
i) To leave might have left
j) Did not have to wear
 Odpowiedzi do 4:
a) Could
b) Should
c) Couldn’t
d) Could/might/ should
e) Should/could
f) Might/could
g) Should/must
h) Could not
i) Should not
j) Would/should
Odpowiedzi do 5:
a) Can’t
e) Could/might have won
f) Should/could have told
g) need not have gone
h) should not have been
j) could/might have been
 It's not right that children are not allowed to play on the grass.
SHOULD
Children should be allowed to play on the grass.
 Please turn on the light!
COULD
Could you turn on the light, please?
 Do you want to come to dinner with me?
WOULD
Would you like to come to dinner with me?
 It isn't necessary for you to stay any longer.
NEED
You don't need to stay any longer.
You needn't to stay any longer.
 Is it necessary for me to speak to her in person?
HAVE
Do I have to speak to her in person?
 She's such a talented musician. She should have been a professional.
OUGHT
She's such a talented musician. She ought to have been a professional.
 I don't believe she's an actress; she looks so ordinary.
CAN'T
She can't be an actress; she looks so ordinary.
 It is necessary for governments to take action against tax evasion.
MUST
Governments must take action against tax evasion.
 It wasn't necessary for him to be quite so extravagant but he was.
NEED
He needn't have been quite so extravagant.
 It's important to brush your teeth regularly.
SHOULD
You should brush your teeth regularly.
 You can attend the meeting if you wish.
MAY
You may attend the meeting if you wish.
 I don't believe he's dead. I saw him only yesterday.
CAN'T
He can't be dead. I saw him only yesterday.
 Please, sit down!
WOULD
Would you sit down, please?
 I don't believe he's only twelve.
CAN'T
He can't be only twelve.
 Mozart was able to compose and play music before he was ten.
COULD
Mozart could compose and play music before he was ten.
 There's no need to do the ironing now.
 HAVE
You don't have to do the ironing now.
 Do you know how to play the piano?
CAN
Can you play the piano?
 Perhaps he was feeling tired yesterday.
He ... .
He may have been feeling tired yesterday.
 I don't think he is revising for his test.
He ... .
He can't be revising for his test.
 I suppose you've already met Charlie.
You ... .
You must already have met Charlie
 I'm sure the ferries leave once a day for that island.
The ferries ... .
The ferries must leave once a day for that island.
 Perhaps they decided not to come after all.
They ... .
They may have decided not to come after all.
 I don't think the hostages have been released yet.
The hostages ... .
The hostages can't have been released yet.
 Perhaps you'll need some help with that.
You ... .
You may need some help with that.
 I don't think she was sleeping when you called her.
She ... .
She can't have been sleeping when you called her.
 I think she's going abroad.
She ... .
She must be going abroad.
 I suppose he's had a lot of experience in management.
He ... .
He must have had a lot of experience in management
 I'm sure it wasn't his fault.
It ... .
It can't have been his fault.