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TECHNICAL STANDARD
AIS HV SUBSTATIONS
I&PtG DU / ECC /
Civil / I&C/ DTC /
I&PtG DU / Elec TS Review TS Review
COM / CTS / CTC /
CC/ Civil CC Working Group Committee
01 20/11/2020 Update commissioning /I&C/ COM/
QA / E&L / HSEQ /
H&S
I&PtG DU / ECC /
Civil / I&C/ DTC /
I&PtG DU / Elec TS Review TS Review
COM / CTS / CTC /
CC/ Civil CC Working Group Committee
00 15/07/2020 First issue /I&C/ COM/
QA / E&L / HSEQ /
H&S
PREPARED CONTRIBUTION
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION VERIFIED by VALIDATED by
by by
PROJECT / PLANT
ENEL GPG CODE
GROUP FUNCION TYPE ISSUER COUNTRY TEC. PLANT SYSTEM PROGRESSIVE REVISION
GRE EEC S 0 0 X X A 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 0 1
PUBLIC CONFIDENTIAL
UTILIZATION Basic Design, Detailed Design, Issue for
CLASSIFICATION
COMPANY RESTRICTED
SCOPE Construction, etc.
This document is property of Enel Green Power S.p.A. It is strictly forbidden to reproduce this document, in whole or in part, and to provide to others any related information
without the previous written consent by Enel Green Power S.p.A.
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REVISION HISTORY
B.Fuentes
00 First issue for tender process 15/07/2020
(I&PtG DU)
B.Fuentes
01 Update commissioining 20/11/2020
(I&PtG DU)
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INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
2. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................... 6
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENT AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................ 7
4. SUBSTATION DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................... 8
GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................... 8
ELECTRICAL DESIGN ............................................................................................................................... 10
CIVIL WORKS DESIGN ............................................................................................................................. 14
5. HV SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MAIN EQUIPMENT..................................................................................... 27
HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS........................................................................................................................... 27
HV DISCONNECTORS .............................................................................................................................. 39
HV CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ............................................................................................................. 49
HV VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS .............................................................................................................. 57
SURGE ARRESTERS ................................................................................................................................ 66
INSTALLATION WORKS............................................................................................................................ 70
6. MV SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................................. 73
CODES AND STANDARDS ....................................................................................................................... 73
ZIG-ZAG EARTHING TRANSFORMER ..................................................................................................... 74
MV SWITCHGEAR ..................................................................................................................................... 75
MV/LV AUXILIAR SERVICE TRANSFORMER .......................................................................................... 89
CAPACITOR BANKS.................................................................................................................................. 93
MV CABLES ............................................................................................................................................... 98
INSTALLATION WORKS.......................................................................................................................... 102
7. LV SS AA SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................ 105
CODES AND STANDARDS ..................................................................................................................... 105
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................... 105
LV SWITCHBOARD (LV SWB) ................................................................................................................ 108
EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATOR SET (DG SET)............................................................................. 114
DC SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................. 120
AC UNINTERRUPTED SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 128
LV CABLES (POWER AND CONTROL) .................................................................................................. 136
INSTALLATION WORKS.......................................................................................................................... 137
8. EARTHING AND LIGHTNING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 138
EARTHING SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................... 138
LIGHTNING PROTECTION ...................................................................................................................... 152
9. CIVIL WORKS ........................................................................................................................................................ 155
HV-ESS CIVIL LAYOUT ........................................................................................................................... 155
PLATFORMS AND ROADS ..................................................................................................................... 156
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................. 162
CABLE TRENCHES (MV/HV) AND UNDERGROUND UTILITES ............................................................ 164
STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS...................................................................................................... 167
POWER TRANSFORMER ....................................................................................................................... 177
SUBSTATION CONTROL BUILDING ...................................................................................................... 187
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the technical requirements for the electrical equipment and works requested under
EPC contract of a High Voltage Substation owned by Enel Green Power, considering the following main
issues:
Engineering of design and developed project for construction.
Procurement, manufacturing, shop assembly, FAT and delivery on site.
Civil and electromechanical works, for erection and installation on site.
Commissioning and warranty testing.
Other service activities necessary for erection and star-up operation.
The EPC Contractor will verify, for each supply, the compliance of the Technical Specifications with the
reference standard of the destination country applied for: the civil and electrical works, supplied materials
and main equipment (differences between IEC\ISO Standard with Country Standard in force).
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ACRONYM DEFINITION
ENEL GPG ENEL GLOBAL POWER GENERATION
SCS Substation control system
IED Intelligent Electronic Devices
BCU Bay Control Unit
HV/MV/LV High Voltage, Medium Voltage, Low Voltage
AC/DC Alternant Current/ Direct current
TSO Transmission System Operator
DSO Distribution System Operator
DPP Design Plan Program
AST Auxiliar Service Transfromer
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Adquisition
HMI Human Machine Interface
Responsible of providing, Engineering, procurement and
SUPPLIER / CONTRACTOR
construction services and equipment.
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
SAT Site Acceptance Test (commissioning activities)
ITP /QCP Inspection test procedure / Quality control Plan
TS Technical Standard or Technical Specification
GTS General Technical Specification
I&C Instrumentation and Control
ICT Information and Comunications Technology
CT Current Transformer
VT Voltage Transformer
FO Fiber Optical
AIS Air insulated Switchgear
GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear
OHL Overhead line
T-Line Transmission line
UGL Underground line
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4. SUBSTATION DESCRIPTION
GENERAL
The EPC contractor should consider the following related with the criteria and requirements of design,
construction and commissioning:
- Basic Design provided by Enel.
- General Technical Standard provided by Enel.
- Grid-Code connection Standards and requirements mandatory from the TSO and local regulations.
- International Standards.
Enel provides the relative data to the definition of the Substations, the main inputs are the following:
- Ambient Conditions.
- General Layout and Single Line Diagram topology.
- System rated voltages and earthing type.
- Short circuit currents.
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The functionality of this type of substations is to provide the connection point to the Transmission network
(TSO property) and transformation between two HV levels (transmission and subtransmission). The
outgoings lines of the secondary section will be radial feeders-lines to HV/MV substations where will be
connected the generation plants.
Due to the more complex plant design and large power transformers installed, the design must ensure good
reliability and availability in case of fault or maintenance, redundancy of systems and equipments will be
implemented.
Interconnection Substations are usually characterized by primary and secondary voltages of 132kV or higher.
The power transformers commonly used are three phase autotransformers usually with tertiary windings that
can feed the LV SSAA system.
Another typical Interconnection Substations in response to the functionality mentioned above are the
switching substations, those not change the system voltage, but provides the connection point (bay) to a
downwards subsystem of collector substations where connect the power plants.
The primary and secondary section of the substations consist of one or two circuits that enters in the
substations through power circuits breakers to prevent complete substation shutdown in case of line faults.
Those circuit breakers are equipped with disconnect switches on both, line and busbar, sides to permit
isolation during maintenance.
The single line diagram design many times is largely dictated by the interconnect requirements of the TSO.
Main sections of this substation type are:
- Overhead or underground incoming and outgoing reception line structures.
- HV Transmission line bays.
- HV Busbars (Primary and Secondary voltage sections)
- HV Subtransmission line bays.
- HV/HV (auto) Transformer bays (if required step-down voltage level)
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In the following table it is highlighted the most common arrangement of substation single line configuration:
Single bay X
Single bus X X
Sectionalized bus X X
Double bus X
Ring bus X
(*) in some cases, where the TSO demands special configurations accordingly with the requirements of the
standard topology of the subestations, more complex arrangements can be considered.
ELECTRICAL DESIGN
The standard operative voltage levels and system earthing type, in the majority of Substations would be the
following range:
- HV : from 132kV to 550kV; neutral solid grounding
- HV: from 66kV to 132kV; neutral high impedance or isolated
- MV: from 10kV to 34,5kV; neutral isolated and/or earthing transformer (zig zag)
- MV: from 20kV to 34,5kV; neutral solid grounding.
4.2.1. SUBSTATION SYSTEMS
The following main systems composed the electrical installation and main equipment switchgear:
- HV system.
- Transformer
- MV system.
- LV SSAA (normal and essential services)
- Control, Protection and metering system.
- Grounding and lightning systems.
- Fire fighting system.
- Auxiliar systems: lighting, anticondensation heaters.
Those systems will take in consideration the design requirements of the standards and prescriptions included
in following chapters of this document, also the international standard where it is referred.
In general all substation systems will be design attending to allow the operation and maintenance with
fulfilment of safety and reliability prescriptions.
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12 120 28 32 75 85
Rated Minimum
Rated short-duration
voltage clearance
power-frequency Rated switching impulse withstand voltage Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage Up
Um kV Phase to
withstand voltage Ud kV Us kV (peak value) kV (peak value)
(r.m.s. earth
(r.m.s. value)
value) (mm)
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Across
Phase-to-
open
Phase-to- earth and
switching Across Phase-to-earth Across open switching
earth and across Between
device isolating and between device and/or isolating
between open phases
and/or distance phases distance
phases switching
isolating
device
distance
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The method of calculation and the inputs assumptions for dimensioning the protective devices, are explained
in the pertinent chapter of this document.
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confirm either, the systems are within proper limits before closing the breaker or de-energized
downwards.
CIVIL WORKS DESIGN
4.3.1. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY
4.3.1.1. Included Activities
This chapter describes the topographical surveys or Digital Terrain Model (DTM) production requirements
for:
Design of any civil works needed to realize the whole HV-ESS
Hydrological and hydraulic studies
Design of water management
4.3.1.3. Benchmark
At least 3 existing benchmarks or 3 New Benchmarks shall be identified in the Area of Interest (AOI). The
New benchmarks must be arranged in a durable location.
A monographic sheet, delivered to ENEL in a pdf document, shall describe each benchmark including:
UTM WGS 84 coordinates, specifying if necessary, the local reference coordinates; identification
number;
2 oriented photos (an overview and a close-up), for an easy identification on the field;
Orthophoto or sketch identification.
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The surveyor shall consider that the following features are always verified:
presence of any ditches or channels , even dry ones, for planning the layout of water surfaces;
waterways (measuring the surface water level, the top and the base of the embankments);
presence of ducts, manholes and manhole covers for the collection and disposal of storm water,
irrespective of nature and size;
underground utilities like electricity, telephone and other lines including the relative wells and works;
presence of any existing fences or delimiting structures;
presence of paved roads, dirt tracks or drover roads that intersect the mapped area;
roads and paths, describing discontinuities along asphalt roads, banks, drainage ditches and steep
slopes;
buildings and constructions, stating the heights, materials and state of preservation;
presence of retaining walls or steep slopes/escarpments;
presence of ground gaps due to landslides that may be of interest for the design of the works;
landslide
areas (description of the base and top of these areas and of loose materials);
land use of the surveyed area;
tall trees of particular value, any deforested areas and related firebreaks;
any building, in use or dismissed in the surveyed area up to 50 m (164 ft) over the perimeter of
interest;
any geotechnical investigation carried out by ENEL
Table 1 : Tolerances
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The Contractor may propose motivated modifications to the investigation plan (tests number/type) to ENEL
for approval/validation, while ENEL may ask the Contractor to increase or decrease the number of tests in
case the site shows particular conditions.
The Contractor is responsible for supervising all on-site and laboratory activities, including the activities
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Note: Vane shear or Cone Penetration tests measurement shall be executed at the minimum depth of 10 m
for the main structures and foundations on soft clay soil (SPT < 6). Undisturbed sample shall be collected
with Shelby Casing at the middle depth of the layer in the way to perform “Consolidation tests” in laboratory.
The Contractor shall take in consideration in the proposal all executive procedures necessary for carrying
out the SPT tests and other similar types of investigation.
In areas where the rock outcrops, and when the design includes structures based on anchoring systems
directly working on rock outcrops, Pull Out Test (POT) of embedded anchorage shall be performed in order
to evaluate the extraction resistance (this type of procedure shall be addressed to ASTM D4435 or local
regulations).
Prior to the start of tests, design, execution of procedures and validation criteria must be submitted to ENEL
for approval.
The minimum quantity of POTs shall be as per the following Table 3:
Secondary buildings
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Note: for a correct pull out test evaluation, the stratigraphy obtained from Drilling and SPT in the same
structure’s area has to be considered.
The Contractor may propose to increase or decrease the amounts based on technical background and with
the approval of ENEL.
4.3.2.2.2. Execution of Trial Pits
The pits must be performed by mechanical equipment. Where their access is not possible or not allowed,
manual equipment may be approved by ENEL.
A visual geotechnical description of the stratigraphic profile must be performed at each trial pit and samples
have to be collected for each different type of soil. Disturbed samples shall be collected at each trial pit and
at each lithological change. Undisturbed samples shall be collected only if it is possible and the
characterization of the shear resistance of the soil would be necessary. Collection of undisturbed samples is
not a mandatory requirement.
The minimum depth of each trial pit shall be 3.0m or up to refusal. In this last case, the trial pit must be
relocated in a nearby position, and a rock sample at the bottom of the excavation must be collected.
Alternative tests to be performed during the drilling may be proposed by the Contractor in the investigation
plan to ENEL for approval/validation before starting the activities.
4.3.2.2.4. Amount of indirect explorations
Common indirect exploration to be taken into account are SRT, MASW and ERT 2D or SEV.
MASW tests shall be set with 24 geophones 2-3 m spaced.
The minimum quantity of indirect tests are defined in the following Table 4:
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Execution phase
2 to 3 6/300
3 to 4 8/400
>4 10/500
Table 4: Minimum amount of indirect explorations
The Contractor may propose motivated modifications to the investigation plan (tests number/type) to ENEL
for approval/validation, while ENEL may ask the Contractor to increase or decrease the number of tests, or
ask different type of tests, in case the site shows particular conditions or according to the common practice
in the Country of the project.
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In case a borehole finds bedrock before reaching the specified depth, the drilling may be stopped when a
minimum of 5 m has penetrated in the rock with an RQD>60%.
If a trial pit test goes to refusal, it must be relocated in a nearby position for another attempt.
4.3.2.2.7. On-site tests
Depending on the characteristics of the soil, the following tests and measurements could be performed on-
site: CPT, SPT, Dynamic Penetration Tests (DPSH, Borros), Vane shear, Plate load test or CBR, Pressuremeter
test, Permeability and In-Situ Density Tests.
ASTM standard reference shall be followed, however equivalent local standards in force shall be privileged.
Laboratory Test
Soil type
Laboratory test Code reference
Rock Gravel Sand Silt/clay
Granulometry
ASTM D-422 X X X
(grain size and sieve analysis)
ASTM D-854
Specific particle weight X X X
ASTM C-127
ASTM D-3080
Direct shear test X X X
ASTM D-6528
One-dimensional consolidation
ASTM D-2435 X
test
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The ASTM standard reference shall be followed, however equivalent local standards in force shall be
privileged.
4.3.2.3. Geotechnical Report
The scope of the geotechnical report is to determine the behavior of the soil under the actions produced by structures,
excavations, earthworks, underground works, etc., and by the action of water, dynamic loads and seismic loads.
It must include the determination of the geotechnical parameters for the design of the civil works, with an adequate level of
security to avoid deterioration or failure throughout their service life.
With the information from the collection of general terrain data, characteristics of the project, direct and indirect exploration
and geotechnical tests carried out, the geotechnical report must include at least the following:
c) References
Indicate all the information used for the preparation of the report as geological, geotechnical and reference
documents, standards, codes, plans, reports of previous geotechnical investigations.
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Morgenstern-Price
Janbu Modificado
Sarma
When local regulations are missing, the following conditions shall be complied:
For pseudo-static loads, the following seismic acceleration coefficients must be used:
The outputs of the analysis must report the safety factors for static and pseudo-static loads, for different
sliding surfaces and highlight the one with the smallest safety factor.
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2. The studies shall be in compliance both with the requirements shown in this document and local
applicable codes and regulations.
The statistical analysis of rain data shall be performed by using one of the traditionally applied approaches,
such as Gumbel, Gamma, GEV, Log Pearson, Log Normal, etc. The most adequate method shall be selected
by performing a reliability test, e.g. Kolgomorov Smirnov.
Once the design rainfall has been defined, all the relevant basins and drainage areas shall be defined for the
evaluation of the expected flow rates, by using a DEM of adequate precision, as defined in this document.
Two acceptable methods of calculating runoff are listed below:
Rational Method: acceptable for drainage areas less than 1 km2 (250 acres) when only peak flow
rates are needed; however, ENEL reserves the right to require the use of other methods (i.e., Soil
Conservation Service [SCS] Methods, discussed below) for catchment areas less than 1 km2 (250
acres), particularly in cases where land use in the watershed is non-homogeneous or storage areas
are included in watershed.
SCS Method: acceptable for any size watersheds and mandatory for catchment areas greater than
1 km2 (250 acres).
In case the SCS Method is applied, a hydrologic modeling system software capable to simulate the
precipitation-runoff processes of dendritic basin like HEC-HMS (or similar) should be used. In any case,
concentration times shall be calculated as per traditionally applied equations, selecting the one that best suits
the morphology of the area.
The soil properties (as defined in the geological-geotechnical report and shown on the geological map) and
the land use of the relevant area shall be considered by the Contractor, and properly reported in the study,
both for the estimation of Runoff Coefficient (Rational Method) and SCS Curve Number.
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Results achieved shall be used to define the final HV-ESS location configuration. During layout definition,
three different scenarios may be the following:
1. HV-ESS dedicated area may be already identified without any possibility to be modified, (e.g.
because of permit constraints)
2. HV-ESS dedicated area may be already identified with possibility to be changed
3. HV-ESS dedicated area may be defined within a certain possible area.
The Unsteady Flow Analysis (2-D) shall be performed using one of the following software is acceptable:
HEC-RAS 5.0, FLOW 2D, MIKE 21, IBER. Alternative software shall be authorized by ENEL.
The Contractor shall include in the hydraulic report the following data:
Drawings and 2D maps showing the flooded zones and HV-ESS location;
Drawing/Maps showing the existing ground level for the HV-ESS site location;
Drawing showing the proposed level for the HV-ESS area;
Definition of Drainage system to be realized.
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The peak ground acceleration (PGA) shall be defined to select the appropriate seismic qualification level.
The PGA shall be carefully estimated considering seismic zone, soil classification and site conditions.
According to the IEEE 693, Art 8.6:
if the PGA≤0.1g, the area is classified as low
if the 0.1g<PGA≤0.5g, the area is classified as moderate
if the PGA>0.5g the area is classified as high.
4.3.4.2.2. Gas-insulated switchgear assemblies for rated voltages above 52 kV - IEC 62271-207
Seismic qualification levels for switchgear assemblies - horizontal severities - according to Table 1
from IEC 62271-207.
Required Response Spectrum (RRS) for qualification level moderate (AF3) or level high (AF5)
according to IEC 62271-207.
4.3.4.2.3. HV circuit breakers, disconnectors, CT, VT, Surge arrester - IEC 62271-300
Seismic qualification levels for HV circuit breakers, disconnectors, CT, VT, Surge arrester - horizontal
severities - according to Table 1 from IEC 62271-300.
Required Response Spectrum (RRS) for ground-mounted circuit breaker and their assemblies for
qualification level AF5 - ZPA = 5 m/s2 (0,5 g) according to IEC 62271-300.
Required Response Spectrum (RRS) for ground-mounted circuit breaker and their assemblies for
qualification level AF3 - ZPA = 3 m/s2 (0,3 g) according to IEC 62271-300.
Required Response Spectrum (RRS) for ground-mounted circuit breaker and their assemblies for
qualification level AF2 - ZPA = 2 m/s2 (0,2 g) according to IEC 62271-300.
All other structures shall be designed as per standards addressed in section 3 and local standards. Further
details for the seismic design of structure, foundation and anchorages are also described in the following
sections.
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5. HV SYSTEM
5.1.1. HV TERMINALS
The HV terminals shall be manufactured with corrosion resistant copper or aluminum alloy, in order to be
interfaced with aluminum alloy connectors or clamps.
5.1.2. GROUNDING
The manufacturer shall ensure the equi-potentiality between all parts forming the equipment.
At the base of each support upright two (four for 220kV and above) grounding points shall be provided,
equipped with M12 stainless steel bolts (included in the supply).
If interface plates are necessary to adapt the support to the civil works, they shall be designed taking into
account the position of the external grounding connections.
HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS
5.2.1. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Scope of this chapter is to provide technical requirements of three-pole Alternating Current Circuit Breakers
with rated voltage from 72,5 kV to 550kV.
Alternating Current Circuit-Breakers (hereinafter CBs) are SF6 insulated (as alternative, non-fluorinated
gases and vacuum circuit breakers will be evaluated) for outdoor installations, live-tank type.
The reference standards are the IEC/ISO, while for European destinations the reference standard are the
correspondent European standards (EN).
The CBs shall be manufactured in accordance with IEC 62271-100.
The supplier will verify the compliance of this Technical Specification with the reference standard of the
country of destination of the CBs (differences between IEC\ISO Standard with Country Standard in force).
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It shall be possible to request the CB opening acting both on a single circuit at a time and concurrently on
any combination of the different opening circuits.
If during an operation, an opposite operation request is received, the consent to the last operation shall be
given only after the completion of the on-going operation (in this case, only for single-pole CBs, the
discrepancy between poles can be over the required limits).
The closing circuit shall be equipped with anti-pumping devices (1 for three-pole CBs and 3 for single-pole
CBs) in order to inhibit further closing operations after the first one, if an opening occurs during the initial
closing request.
The main contacts position shall be assured stably and surely in the open and closed position.
The CB shall not operate in case of accidental auxiliary circuit supply interruption or in case of supply
restoration (excluding the drive circuit of under-voltage release).
The three-pole and single pole CB shall be provided with the following drive circuits, voltage range +15% -
30% of DC rated voltage:
a) 1 (one) drive circuit of shunt closing release;
b) 2 (two) drive circuit of shunt opening release;
c) 1 (one) drive circuit of under-voltage release.
Three pole CB can be installed in transformer bay and line bay when no reclosing is demanded for voltage
levels upto 245kV.
Under-voltage releases consisting of energy storage systems (for example: capacitors are not permitted).
5.2.2.3. Interlocking devices
All operations shall be dependent on the internal CB interlocking.
The following interlocking circuits shall be provided, depending on the monitored values (springs status, gas
pressure etc.):
Reclosing interlock
Closing interlock
opening interlock or, if required, automatic opening with opening interlock.
For the interlocking devices and for the automatic opening with opening interlock, IEC 62271-100 applies
with the clarifications in the following.
The following interlocking control circuits are required:
a) Closing locked (enabled in both positions of the remote/local selector switch)
b) Opening locked (enabled in both positions of the remote/local selector switch) or, as an alternative,
automatic opening with open interlock (enabled only in remote position of the remote/local selector switch)
The operation will released automatically only after the ending of the condition causing the interlock.
Transient interlocks shall not be signalling into the control system, during remote/local CB working
operations.
Closing interlock circuit
The closing interlocks shall be activated if one of the following conditions happen:
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a) 2nd minimum threshold gas density level (only in case of gas CBs);
b) discharged closing springs (at least one of the three springs in case of single-pole CBs).
The CB closing consensus shall be interrupted in case of under-voltage release drive circuit not powered or
interlocked.
Opening interlock circuit
For single-pole gas CBs (if requested) the opening interlock shall be activated in case of 2nd minimum gas
density level intervention.
The automatic openings operates (if requested):
When 2nd minimum gas density level intervention requested.
a) for three-pole CBs, on the shunt release and on the under-voltage release.
b) for single-pole CBs, only on the shunt releases, three pole simultaneous intervention.
5.2.2.5. Signalizations
The contacts referred to in the following signalizations shall be wired to the terminal board:
a) single-pole CBs
a.1) remote/local selector switch in local (L) position
a.2) intervention of motor protection device and/or auxiliary supply missing
a.3) anti-condensation circuit anomaly
a.4) motor maximum operation time
a.5) discharged springs
a.6) 1st minimum gas density level
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5.2.3.2. Insulators
The insulators shall be manufactured from composite materials.
The composite insulators shall be light grey in color and compliant with IEC 61462. The envelope shall be
made of silicone rubber, HTV type (High Temperature Vulcanized) or LSR type (Liquid Silicone Rubber) and
completely free of EPDM or other organic rubbers.
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In order to allow the verification, during maintenance activity, of the unchanged characteristics of the no-load
travel curve, manufacturer shall provide the measuring points, properly machined.
In addition to the IP55 requirement, the box(es) protection level with open doors or when using hand-crank
(to charge CB springs) shall be minimum IP2X (unless the box can only be opened using tools).
All mechanisms (included the motion transmission rods for three-pole CBs) shall be enclosed in metallic
casings, IP2X, in order to prevent the access to parts in movement (see par. 5.13.1 of IEC 62271-1).
The manufacturer shall provide the instructions for safe access to mechanisms.
The operation counter can be electromechanical.
5.2.3.4. Nameplates
Par. 5.10 of IEC 62271-100 apply, specifying that both CB nameplate and operating devices nameplates
shall include:
· the optional values;
· the Enel type code and the local components codification.
If the Control Box is not integrated in the Operating Device Box(es), in the internal part of the Control Box
door shall be located a self-adhesive nameplate with the following information (for traceability purposes):
· box manufacturer;
· serial number of the Control Box;
· year of construction.
The self-adhesive nameplate located in the internal part of the Control Box door shall also contain the contract
number.
5.2.3.5. Requirements for gases in circuit-breakers
The breaking elements shall have an expected life greater than 30 years.
If an insulation gas is present, the manufacturer shall declare:
the type of gas used (chemical composition of gas or gas blend) and the rated filling pressure
at 20 °C;
the type of system (closed pressure system or sealed pressure system, in the second case
with an expected life greater than 30 years).
Generally the dielectric means for insulation and arc extinction is SF6, with a pressure greater than
atmospheric.
The SF6 gas shall comply with IEC 60376. The manufacturer shall provide the necessary instructions for use
and handling of SF6, in accordance with Technical Report IEC IEC/TR 62271- 4.
In single-pole and three-pole CB’s, a distinct SF6 circuit and connection for each pole is required.
Each SF6 circuit shall provide connection elements (type DILO VK/BG-03/8 or equivalent), with a non-return
valve, both for the SF6 control device and for gas filling/replenishment, provided protection screw taps
(located not higher than 1.800 mm from the ground level) in order to avoid gas leakage.
The SF6 circuit piping shall be performed using stainless steel or tinned copper.
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It shall be possible to perform the gas replenishment with the equipment in service, avoiding the unwanted
operation of the gas density control device.
Each gas circuit shall have a device for the gas density control. For three pole CB´s with Um lower than
145kV one common density control to the three poles is also permitted.
The alarm threshold calibration shall take into account the leakage rate. The block setpoint shall be at least
0,02 Mpa lower than the alarm threshold.
The gas density control device shall be:
· suitable to work in the specified temperature range;
· located in order to avoid the solar radiation influence on the external temperature measuring;
· insensitive to the vibration produced by the equipment’s operation;
· manufactured with stainless steel materials;
· designed to allow testing and substitution with the poles under pressure;
· equipped with a scale(s) for a visible indication of gas density level (colored and\or
graduated).
The gas density control device shall provide 2 operating levels with independently adjustable contacts:
· 1st minimum gas density level: alarm (replenishment necessary) with 1 contacts;
· 2nd minimum gas density level: block (remove from service) with 2 contacts working
separately on 2 opening circuits (depending on specific requirements).
The contacts operating tolerance shall be less than ± 1,5% (referring to the full scale) in the provided
temperature range; the contacts of each minimum gas density level shall measure a difference ≤ 0,005 Mpa
between them.
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The manufacturer shall ensure the equi-potentiality between all parts forming the equipment.
At the base of each support upright two grounding points (four for level of voltage more than 400kV) shall be
provided, equipped with M12 stainless steel bolts (included in the supply).
If interface plates are necessary to adapt the support to the civil works, they shall be designed taking into
account the position of the external grounding connections.
5.2.4. TESTING
The CB, complete with all accessories and fully assembled in operational layout, shall be subject to a visual
inspection in order to verify its functional, dimensional and constructive compliance with this technical
specification.
The test are defined in the standard IEC 62271-100, each equipment will be subject to the following test
definition:
Type test
Routine test (FAT)
Commissioning test (SAT)
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HV DISCONNECTORS
5.3.1. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
The scope of this Chapter is to provide technical requirements for the supply of HV disconnectors (hereinafter
DS) and earthing switches (hereinafter ES) with rated voltage from 72.5 kV to 550 kV.
The HV DS and, if required, ES are composed of two or three columns per each pole.
Two main typologies are provided:
Three columns per each pole (Double-break disconnectors);
Two columns per each pole (Centre-break disconnectors).
Other types (Divided support disconnectors) may be required in special situations. The requirements will be
properly indicated. Note: Divided support disconnectors could be Pantograph disconnectors or Semi-
pantograph disconnectors.
The reference standards are IEC/ISO, while for European destinations the reference standards are the
correspondent European standards (EN).
The DS and ES shall be manufactured in accordance with IEC 62271-102.
The supplier will verify, for each supply, the compliance of the Technical Specification with the reference
standard of the country of destination of the DS/ES (differences between IEC\ISO Standard with Country
Standard in force).
General characteristics are resume in the following table:
Rated Continuous Current Ir (A) 1250 - 2000 (for 72,5kV≤Ur≤170kV)
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The drive mechanism of the disconnectors and the earthing switches (if any), must guarantee the
simultaneous operation of the poles.
The drive mechanism shall operate on a highly reliable transmission system, in order to avoid any
interruptions.
The number of turns for a complete manual operation shall not exceed 50.
Center-break DS shall have the 2 movable contacts moving in the same direction.
5.3.2.1. Motor-operated disconnectors and earthing switches
The DS and ES operation shall be performed by tripolar motor-drive mechanisms with the possibility of
emergency manual operation in case of necessity. It will consist of a gear motor (see chapter 5 for the supply
rated voltage) which will transmit its movement to the drive shaft of the disconnector. The same for the
earthing switch.
The motor circuit will be protected by a motor protector for short-circuits and overloads. Each DS and ES
shall be provided with the following circuits:
One drive circuit of shunt closing release;
One drive circuit of shunt opening release.
The ongoing operations shall be completed even in case of opposite operation request.
The operation requests persistence after the operation conclusion shall not produce effects.
In case a DS/ES operation is not completed, any previously received operation requests shall not remain
stored. In case of motor supply outage during a DS/ES operation, the drive mechanism shall ensure:
the keeping of the reached position, both during supply absence and at its restore;
the execution after the supply restore of any requested closing or opening operation,
independently from the operation type ongoing at supply outage instant;
that in case of not completed operation the operation sequence shall be stopped and an
anomaly remote signalization (SNM – “Switch Not Maneuverable”) shall be sent, by means of
a timed contact.
The operations shall not be carried out if the request signal duration is shorter than 3 msec.
The hand-crank for manual operation shall be withdrawable type; its insertion shall disable the electric
operations, both local and remote.
5.3.2.2. Electric schemes, control and signalizations
The electric schemes shall:
be represented in the reference conventional conditions:
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The ESBD operation (motor or manual) shall be subjected to the ES in closed position; its insertion shall
operate mechanically (operating directly on the mechanical transmission system) and electrically on the ES,
avoiding its opening (motor or manual) and interrupting the motor supply.
The ESBD operating device shall be preferably located in the ES operating device box. The ESBD
insertion/exclusion circuits shall be electrically interlocked between them.
The access to internal part of ESBD shall inhibit operations and shall generate a remote signal.
The inserted/not inserted ESBD signalizations shall be provided by mechanically independent auxiliary
contacts, directly actuated by extreme position limits of the lock unit.
5.3.2.4. Manual-operated DS and ES
5.3.2.4.1. Control circuits of manual-operated DS and ES
DS manual operation shall be enabled by consensus (“Test”) coming from the correspondent bay Circuit
Breakers (line bay or transformer bay), working on the “S/T” relay (Service/Test), located in its control box.
This consensus is not present for Conjoined busbar DS.
5.3.2.4.2. Blocking devices/circuits of manual-operated DS and ES
The manual-operation block (opening/closing) shall work when the following conditions are present:
Earthing
Circuit Breaker DS ES Line voltage
Operation block MV-side
(closed) (closed) (closed) (presence)
(closed)
Line DS Closing Closing
(manual oper.) Opening Opening
Line ES Closing Closing
(manual oper) Opening Opening
Busbar DS Closing
(line bay) Opening
Busbar DS Closing
(transformer bay) (*)
(*) This function shall be realized with an electromagnetic device enabling rotation and extraction of a key, to
which is combined another key enabling closing of the MV side earthing switch “89 T TR”. The device, with
its button activated, is energized with DS “transformer bay” open in presence of “Test” external consensus
coming from transformer bay Circuit Breaker.
Semi bar DS (Conjoined) operation shall be enabled only if all Circuit Breakers of one of the 2 semi-busbars
are open (absence of energy flowing between the two HV semi-busbars).
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The manual-operation of DS and ES (both for motor-operated and for manual-operated DS/ES) shall be
compliant with IEC 60447.
All DS and ES shall be equipped with mechanical stops for position limits.
5.3.3.1. Insulators
The insulators will be of composite materials.
The composite insulators shall be light grey in color and compliant with IEC 61462. The envelope shall be
made of silicone rubber, HTV type (High Temperature Vulcanized) or LSR type (Liquid Silicone Rubber) and
completely free of EPDM or other organic rubbers.
5.3.3.2. Control and operating device box(es)
The metal support, the Control Box and Operating device Box(es) support are a mandatory supply always
included in the DS/ES supply.
The control box and the drive mechanisms with its control devices shall be included in one or two cabinets.
In addition to the IP requirement of table at chapter 5, the box protection degree with open doors shall be
minimum IP2X.
The entrance of all cables shall be from the Control Box bottom side, where a removable aluminum plate
with cable bushing grommet (with useful dimension of 150x100 mm) shall be provided.
A proper anti-condensation system shall be provided in order to prevent humidity damages and to ensure a
proper air replacement.
The anti-condensation circuit, controlled by a thermostat with fixed regulation at 25 °C (box internal
temperature), shall be unique for the overall equipment, supplied in a.c. (see table in chapter 5 for the supply
rated voltage) and protected with a magneto-thermic automatic circuit breaker.
The heating elements shall be preferably connected in series in order to have the circuit opening in case of
failure of an element; a minimum current sensor shall detect and signal the anomaly.
In parallel connection case, the manufacturer shall assure a correct fault detection and distance anomaly
signaling in case of failure of an element, properly evaluating the tolerances of the supply voltage and of the
components resistance.
The box interior shall be accessible from the front by means of a door provided with handle and lock, hinged
and equipped with an anti-wind system. It shall be possible to open the door greater than 90°.
In case of motor-operated DS/ES all accessories (hand-crank, document pocket etc.) shall be
accommodated in the internal part of the box door. In case of manual-operated DS/ES it is permissible to
locate the hand-crank/swing lever outside the box.
All electric equipment components shall be:
compliant with the respective IEC standards;
equipped with an identification label indicating the codification used in the functional electric
schemes;
easily accessible for maintenance or substitution operations.
In particular, the extractible parts, plug-in connectors included, shall be provided with proper anti-mistake
coding.
The box internal wiring shall be performed with conductors with adequate cross-section (always ≥ 1mm2),
flexible type, compliant with IEC 60332-3-24 and insulated at Uo/U = 450/750 V.
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The cable ends shall be provided with pre-insulated compression type terminals, suitable for the clamps
where they shall be connected.
In case of motor-operated DS/ES, the Control Box(es) shall include:
remote/local selector switch (and/or relay);
control buttons: Closing=White, Opening=Black;
magneto-thermic automatic circuit breakers for the supply protection (motors, lighting lamp, anti-
condensation circuits – fuses are not allowed);
interface terminal board for substation control system;
internal lighting lamp (incandescent type are not admitted), with automatic switching upon opening
door.
The grounding of a dc supply polarity is not admitted.
If diodes are used for the circuit separations or for the voltage return protection, they shall have inverse
voltage ≥ 3 kV.
The cable trunking systems for the internal wiring shall have sufficient residual space (≥ 10 % of used
volume); the cables shall be anchored in adequate points on order to avoid their falling.
The cable trunks close to the interface terminal boards shall be used for the control system wiring and cannot
be used for the internal wiring.
In addition to the dimensions shown in annex C, the box base height respect to the ground shall be ≥ 400 mm
and all HMI (Human Machine Interface) elements (controls and signalizations) shall be at ≤ 1800 mm. The
hand-crank/swing lever connection point shall be at ≤ 1000 mm respect to the ground. The main contacts
position auxiliary contacts can be located in the control box or, in alternative, in a separated external box,
provided with a proper anti-condensation resistance.
In case of “S/T” relay presence, a white lamp to indicate its activation (Lamp on in case of “T” status) shall
be located in the DS Control Box.
5.3.3.4. Nameplates
The nameplates shall be in stainless steel. Alternative materials can be considered if the manufacturer proves
the marking endurance in respect to ageing (this solution shall be approved by Enel Global Power
Generation).
Par. 5.10 of IEC 62271-102 applies, specifying that both DS/ES nameplate and control box nameplates shall
include the optional values.
For traceability purpose, in the internal part of the driving mechanism (if any) door a self-adhesive nameplate
with the following information shall be located:
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box manufacturer;
serial number of the Control Box;
year of construction.
5.3.4. TESTING
The DS/ES, complete with all accessories and fully assembled in operational layout, shall be subject to a
visual inspection in order to verify its functional, dimensional and constructive compliance with this technical
specification.
The test are defined in the standard IEC 62271-1 and IEC 62271-102, each equipment will be subject to the
following test definition:
Type test
Routine test (FAT)
Commissioning test (SAT)
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verified in accordance with ISO 1461 by mean of magnetic flux equipment, performing at least
5 measures on each component, in uniform manner on the various surfaces, avoiding edges
and angular parts. The verification of other protective coatings shall be performed considering
their characteristics: the manufacturer will indicate the minimum thickness allowed and other
characteristics.
Test on insulators. The composite insulators shall be tested in accordance with IEC 61462.
5.3.4.2. Routine tests
The Routine tests shall be made in the manufacturer's factory on each apparatus supplied.
In principle, it is acceptable to limit the mounting for testing to subassemblies consisting of the single poles
fully mounted. Only for the first routine tests of each new contract, the first motor-operated DS/ES and the
first manual-operated DS/ES shall be fully assembled in factory in order to perform all routine tests,
mechanical operating tests included.
If for a DS/ES the erection and commissioning tests assistance are requested to be performed by the
manufacturer, the fully assembling in factory is not required even if it’s the first sample; in this case the full
assembling in factory is postponed to the first sample for which the manufacturer’s erection and
commissioning tests assistance is not requested.
Test values/results shall be in compliance with rated values (and relative tolerances).
The manufacturer shall provide, for each DS/ES supplied, the report of all measures and tests carried out.
Dielectric terst on the main circuit. Accordingly with 8.2 of 62271-1 the test is fulfilled
with the test in 8.3.4.
Dielectric test on auxiliary and control circuits. To be performed if auxiliary and control circuits
are present. The possibility to perform this test without connecting the Control Box(es) to the
power kinematic chain shall be approved during conformity assessment process, considering
the specific manufacturer design (fully functional tests will be performed on the completely
assembled DS/ES on site).
Functional tests (par. 8.3.2 of IEC 62271-1) shall be done only at rated voltage. Dielectric tests
(par. 8.3.4 of IEC 62271-1) shall be done applying 1 kV for 1 sec.
Electronic devices, motors etc. can be excluded by dielectric test only if agreed during the
conformity assessment (homologation, certification etc.) process.
Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit.
Tightness test
Design and visual checks. The checks shall be performed referring to conformity assessment
(homologation, certifications etc)
Mechanical operating tests
Protective treatments. The thickness of the protective coatings shall be verified.
5.3.4.3. Commissioning tests
The manufacturer shall indicate in the manual the checks and tests to be done after the erection (see 10.2.5
of 62271-1), consisting of, at least:
Visual check;
Tests on auxiliary and control circuits (if any);
Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit (after mechanical operating tests);
Mechanical operating tests.
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Verification of the motorized HV disconnectors can be operated in local and remote from: local
panel (level 0), protection relay panel (level 1), HMI (level 2).
Record the absorption curves of the motors at rated voltage taking note of the maximum
absorption (cues excluded) and the effort for the manual control, all maximum values of the
absorptions and measured times must be within ± 10% of their respective values recorded
during the type tests,
Verification of intervention of inter-locking devices (closing and opening), verifying that at the
achievement of the condition its maneuver is inhibited
Main contacts resistance measurement,
Insulation resistance measurement,
Dielectric Losses measurement, power factor test with HV disconnector close, (to ground).
Verification of the consistency between the auxiliary contacts and main contacts,
Verify the response time of the main contacts,
Check the correctness of mechanical operation
Once passed the above mentioned checks, proper exchange of signals and commands with
the relevant SCADAs shall be checked
In case of erection and commissioning tests performed by Enel group personnel, if any problem occurs or
any commissioning test has negative result, the manufacturer shall intervene in field to verify and solve the
problem.
HV CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
Alternating Current Transformers (hereinafter CTs) can be SF6 and oil insulated, for outdoor installations.
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topographic schemes for interconnections between boxes, the topographic schemes about all the electric
components in Central box/Operating device box(es),and the anti-mistake coding.
The following signalizations contacts shall be wired to the terminal board:
anti-condensation circuit anomaly (if any);
1st minimum gas density level (2 NO Contacts);
2nd minimum gas density level (2 NO Contacts).
5.4.3. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The CTs shall be manufactured in accordance with IEC61869-1 and IEC61869-2 par.6.4.1.
The supplier will indicate the dimensional drawings:
· the main CTs dimensions;
· the metallic support;
· the external grounding connections;
· the cable shaft of the civil works.
The metal supports included fixing elements like ground anchorings, chemical anchoring systems, etc, will
be always comprised in the supplied according to seismic requirements defined in project requirements.
If interface plates and other accessories are necessary to adapt the support to the civil works, they shall be
included in the supply of the support.
The phase naming shall be A, B, C.
The normal use, control and maintenance operations shall be performed with total workers safety.
5.4.3.1. Insulators
The insulators shall be manufactured from composite materials.
The composite insulators shall be light grey in color and compliant with IEC 61462. The envelope shall be
made of silicone rubber, HTV (High Temperature Vulcanized) type or LSR (Liquid Silicone Rubber) type and
completely free of EPDM or other organic rubbers.
5.4.3.2. Box(es)
In general the requested boxes are the followings:
N.1 box for interface with the remote protection and measurement systems (hereinafter N.1
“Central Box”).
N.3 box, one for each single pole device (hereinafter N.3 “Device Box”).
The Central Box shall be fixed on the CT support, in full compatibility with the civil works. The CTs shall be
equipped with proper conduits for the connection cables to the substation protection and control system, from
the Central Box to the existing cable shaft of the civil works; the minimum dimensions of the conduits shall
be 100x50 mm.
All CT auxiliary and control equipment shall be placed in the Control Box.
In addition to the IP55 requirement, the box protection level with open doors shall be minimum IP2X.
In addition to the dimensions shown in Annexes, the box base height with respect to the ground shall be ≥
400 mm and all HMI (Human Machine Interface) elements (controls and signalizations) shall be at ≤ 1800
mm.
The box interior shall be accessible from the front by mean of a door provided with handle and lock.
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The door (single or double), hinged and equipped with an anti-wind system, shall be provided with a window
in order to make visible from outside the SF6 pressure indicators. It shall be possible to open the door greater
than 90°.
All electric equipment components shall be:
· compliant with the respective IEC standards;
· equipped with an identification label indicating the codification used in the functional electric
schemes;
· easily accessible for maintenance or substitution operations.
The cable ends shall be provided with pre-insulated compression type terminals, suitable for the clamps
where they have to be connected.
The connection control cable from the Central Box to the equipments shall be of adequate section (≥ 1,5
mm2), shielded, flexible, compliant with IEC 60332-3-24 and insulated at Uo/U = 0,6/1 kV.
Inside the Central Box an internal collector (in tin-plated or nickel-plated copper, section ≥ 60 mm2 and with
M5 regular interval threaded hole) shall be present for the grounding connection of all cable shields; the
manufacturer shall guarantee its effective connection to the CT grounding system.
The entrance of all cables (CT cables) shall be from the Central Box bottom side, where a removable
aluminum plate with cable bushing grommet (with useful dimension of 150x100 mm) shall be provided.
The Central Box shall include:
· interface terminals boards for CTs connection with adequate short-circuit terminals;
· interface terminal boards for substation control system;
· gas density signalization lamps (for each gas circuit, yellow color at 1st minimum gas density
level; red color at 2nd minimum gas density level);
· lamp testing pushbutton.
The signalization lamps and the internal lighting lamps shall not be incandescent type.
The terminal boards shall be made with modular terminals. In particular, the terminals of control system
interface for control, signalization and anti-condensation shall have a cross-sectional area of 4 mm².
The terminals for CT connection shall have a cross-sectional area adequate for CT cables, but not less than
16 mm².
Two bridged terminal pairs for the anti-condensation circuit shall be provided.
If diodes are used for the circuit separations or for the voltage return protection, they shall have inverse
voltage ≥ 3 kV.
The cable trunking systems for the internal wiring shall have sufficient residual space (≥ 10% of used volume);
the cables shall be anchored in some points on order to avoid their falling.
The cable trunks close to the interface terminal boards shall be used for the control system wiring and cannot
be used for the internal wiring.
The terminal boards shall be constructed with 20% of free terminals.
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Unless otherwise specified, the instrument transformer shall be able to withstand an internal arc with the
following current, duration and class protection (Subclause 6.9. of IEC 61869-1):
<40 kA: class II, 0,5 s
≥40 kA: class II, 0,3 s
5.4.3.6. Markings
CTs shall carry at least the following markings:
the manufacturer’s name or other mark by which he may be readily identified;
the year of manufacture and a serial number or a type designation, preferably both,
rated frequency;
highest voltage of equipment;
rated insulation level;
temperature category;
mass in kg;
class of mechanical requirements;
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5.4.3.7. Requirements for gases used in current transformers (IEC 61869-1 6.2)
Gas-insulated instrument transformers shall be provided with a pressure or density monitoring device.
The tightness of closed pressure systems for gas is specified by the relative leakage rate Frel of each
compartment. The required value is 0,1 % per year, for SF6 and SF6-mixtures.
The equipment shall be provided with a system that enables a safely replenished while the equipment is in
service.
Pressure relief device: the device shall be protected against any accidental damage.
Generally, the dielectric insulation is SF6, with a pressure greater than atmospheric.
The gas SF6 shall comply with IEC 60376 standard. SF6 handling shall be in accordance with IEC 61634.
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The manufacturer shall provide the necessary instructions for use and handling of SF6, in accordance with
Technical Report IEC IEC/TR 62271- 4.
Each SF6 circuit shall provide connection elements with a non-return valve, both for SF6 control device and
for gas filling/replenishment, provided by not losable protection screw taps with chain (located not higher than
1800 mm from the ground level).
The SF6 circuit piping shall be fitted using stainless steel or, tinned copper.
In alternative to the SF6, non-fluorinated greenhouse gases are also acceptable.
5.4.3.7.1. Gas density control
The CT is a closed pressure system. The relative leakage rate shall be Frel ≤ 0,1% per year. The value for
the time between replenishments shall be at least 10 years.
It shall be possible to perform the gas replenishment with the equipment in service, avoiding the unwanted
operation of the gas density control device.
Each gas circuit shall have a device for the gas density control.
The alarm threshold calibration shall take into account the leakage rate. The block (trip) threshold setpoint
shall be at least 0,02 MPa lower than the alarm threshold.
The gas density control device shall be:
· suitable for use in the provided temperature range;
· located to avoid the solar radiation influence on the external temperature measuring;
· manufactured with stainless steel materials;
· designed to allow testing and substitution with the poles under pressure;
· equipped with a scale(s) for a visible indication of gas density level (colored and\or
graduated).
The gas density control device shall provide 2 operating levels with independently adjustable contacts:
· 1st minimum gas density level: alarm (replenishment necessary) with 2 contacts;
· 2nd minimum gas density level: block (remove from service) with 2 contacts working
separately on 2 opening circuits (depending on specific requirements).
The contacts operating tolerance shall be less than ± 1,5% (referring to the full scale) in the provided
temperature range; the contacts of each minimum gas density level shall have a difference ≤ 0,005 MPa
between them.
The devices shall be compliant with ISO 4126 and shall be properly calibrated over the maximum operating
pressure, in order to avoid improper operations.
In case of overpressure safety valves operation, the expelled gas shall not discharge to an area where
personnel may be present.
The manufacturer shall supply a device for the gas replenishment.
In case of SF6, the device shall be provided by female thread connection, W 21,7 x 1/14” (UNI 11144) on
gas bottle side and DILO VK/BG-03/8 or equivalent on pole junction device side. The device will consist of:
· pressure regulator
· a safety valve (ISO 4126 compliant, calibrated at 8 bar rel);
· a pressure gauge 0-1 MPa, 0,5 class, minim resolution ± 5 kPa, accompanied with a
calibration certificate;
· flexible tube 5 meters long, DN≥8.
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5.4.4. TESTING
The test are defined in the standard IEC 61869-1 and IEC 61869-2, each equipment will be subject to the
following test definition:
Type test
Routine test (FAT)
Commissioning test (SAT)
For the testing of gas-insulated instrument transformers, the type and pressure of the gas shall be according:
Tests Gas Type Pressure
Dielectric, RIV a Accuracy; Temperature rise (RIV Same fluid as in Minimum functional
not for GIS) service pressure
Internal arc; Short-circuit, Mechanical, Tightness, Same fluid as in Rated filling pressure
Gas dew point service
Transmitted overvoltages Not applicable Reduced pressure
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Verification of markings
Enclosure tightness test at ambient temperature
Pressure test for the enclosure
Determination of the secondary winding resistance
Determination of the secondary loop time constant
Test for rated knee point e.m.f. and exciting current at rated knee point e.m.f.
Inter-turn overvoltage test
HV VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
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Alternating Inductive Voltage Transformers are SF6 or oil insulated and for outdoor installations.
The supplier will verify, for each supply, the compliance of the Technical Specification with the reference
standard of the country of destination of the VTs (differences between IEC\ISO Standard with Country
Standard in force).
The reference standard are the IEC/ISO, whilst for European destinations the reference standard are the
correspondent European standards (EN).
The Inductive Alternating Voltage Transformers IVTs shall be manufactured in accordance with IEC 61869-
1 and IEC 61869-3.
The Capacitive Alternating Voltage Transformers CVTs shall be manufactured in accordance with IEC
61869-1 and IEC 61869-5.
For inductive voltage transformers, the ratings of IEC61869-1 and IEC61869-3 shall apply.
For capacitive voltage transformers, the ratings of IEC61869-1 and IEC61869-5 shall apply.
The common ratings of instrument transformers, including their auxiliary equipment if applicable, should be
selected from the following:
highest voltage for equipment (Um);
rated insulation level;
rated frequency (Fr),
rated output;
rated accuracy class.
Rated accuracy class (measuring) standard accuracy class for single-phase inductive
measuring voltage transformers is 0,2
Rated accuracy class (protection) standard accuracy class for protective voltage
transformers is 3P
Standard values for rated secondary rated voltages a) Based on the current practice of a group of European
countries:
100/√3 V;
110/√3 V.
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Standard values for rated voltage factor 1,2 - Rated time Continuous
1,5 – Rated time 30s
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If interface plates and other accessories are necessary to adapt the support to the civil works, they shall be
included in the supply of the support.
The phase naming shall be A, B, C.
The normal use, control and maintenance operations shall be performed with total workers safety.
5.5.3.1. Insulators
The insulators shall be manufactured from composite materials.
The composite insulators shall be light grey in color and compliant with IEC 61462. The envelope shall be
made of silicone rubber, HTV (High Temperature Vulcanized) type or LSR (Liquid Silicone Rubber) type and
completely free of EPDM or other organic rubbers.
5.5.3.2. Box(es)
The requested boxes are the followings:
N.1 box for interface with the remote protection and measurement systems (hereinafter N.1
“Central Box”).
N.3 box, one for each single pole device (hereinafter N.3 “Device Box”).
The Central Box shall be fixed on the VT support, in full compatibility with the civil works. The VTs shall be
equipped with proper conduits for the connection cables to the substation protection and control system, from
the Central Box to the existing cable shaft of the civil works; the minimum dimensions of the conduits shall
be 100x50 mm.
All VT auxiliary and control equipment shall be placed in the Central Box.
In addition to the IP54 requirement, the box protection level with open doors shall be minimum IP2X.
In addition to the dimensions shown in Annexes, the box base height with respect to the ground shall be ≥
400 mm and all HMI (Human Machine Interface) elements (controls and signalizations) shall be at ≤ 1800
mm.
The box interior shall be accessible from the front by mean of a door provided with handle and lock.
The door (single or double), hinged and equipped with an anti-wind system, shall be provided with a window
in order to make visible from outside the SF6 pressure indicators. It shall be possible to open the door greater
than 90°.
All electric equipment components shall be:
compliant with the respective IEC standards;
equipped with an identification label indicating the codification used in the functional electric
schemes;
easily accessible for maintenance or substitution operations.
The cable ends shall be provided with pre-insulated compression type terminals, suitable for the clamps
where they have to be connected.
The connection control cable from the Central Box to the equipments shall be of adequate section (≥ 1,5
mm2), shielded, flexible, compliant with IEC 60332-3-24 and insulated at Uo/U = 0,6/1 kV.
Inside the Central Box an internal collector (in tin-plated or nickel-plated copper, section ≥ 60 mm2 and with
M5 regular interval threaded hole) shall be present for the grounding connection of all cable shields; the
manufacturer shall guarantee its effective connection to the VT grounding system.
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The entrance of all cables (VT cables) shall be from the Central Box bottom side, where a aluminum plate
with cable bushing grommet (with useful dimension of 150x100 mm) shall be provided.
The Central Box shall include:
interface terminals boards for VTs connection with adequate interruptible terminals;
interface terminal boards for substation control system;
gas density signalization lamps (for each gas circuit, yellow color aat 1st minimum gas
density level; red color at 2nd minimum gas density level);
lamps testing pushbutton.
The signalization lamps and the internal lighting lamps shall not be incandescent type.
The terminal boards shall be made with modular terminals. In particular, the terminals of control system
interface for control, signalization and anti-condensation shall have a cross-sectional area of 4 mm².
The terminals for VT connection shall have a cross-sectional area adequate for VT cables, but not less than
16 mm².
Two bridged terminals pairs for the anti-condensation circuit shall be provided.
If diodes are used for the circuit separations or for the voltage return protection, they shall have inverse
voltage ≥ 3 kV.
The VTs low voltage circuits will be protected with adequate circuit breaker located in the Central Box; each
circuit breaker will be with normally open and normally closed signalization contacts available for protection
and measuring systems.
The cable trunking systems for the internal wiring shall have sufficient residual space (≥ 10% of used volume);
the cables shall be anchored in some points in order to avoid their falling.
The cable trunks close to the interface terminal boards shall be used for the control system wiring and cannot
be used for the internal wiring.
The terminal boards shall be constructed with 20% of free terminals.
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NOTE 3 For some applications it may be necessary to establish the resistance to rotation of the primary terminals. The moment to be applied during the
test has to be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
NOTE 4 In the case of transformers integrated within other equipment (e.g.: switchgear assemblies) the static withstand test loads of the respective
equipment should not be diminished by the integration process.
Unless otherwise specified, the instrument transformer shall be able to withstand an internal with the following
current, duration and class protection (Subclause 6.9. of IEC 61869-1):
<40 kA: class II, 0,5 s
≥40 kA: class II, 0,3 s
5.5.3.6. Markings
5.5.3.6.1. Terminal markings
IEC 61869-1 is applicable.
The terminal markings shall identify:
the primary and secondary windings;
the winding sections, if any;
the relative polarities of windings and winding sections;
the intermediate taps, if any.
Capital letters A, B, C and N denote the primary-winding terminals and the lower-case letters a, b, c and n
denote the corresponding secondary-winding terminals.
The letters A, B and C denote fully insulated terminals and the letter N denotes a terminal intended to be
earthed and the insulation of which is less than that of the other terminal(s).
The letters da and dn denote the terminals of windings intended to supply a residual voltage.
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The manufacturer shall provide the necessary instructions for use and handling of SF6, in accordance with
Technical Report IEC IEC/TR 62271- 4.
Each SF6 circuit shall provide connection elements with a non-return valve, both for SF6 control device and
for gas filling/replenishment, provided by not losable protection screw taps with chain (located not higher than
1800 mm from the ground level).
The SF6 circuit piping shall be fitted using stainless steel or, tinned copper.
In alternative to the SF6, non-fluorinated greenhouse gases are also acceptable.
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a pressure gauge 0-1 MPa, 0,5 class, minim resolution ± 5 kPa, accompanied with a
calibration certificate;
flexible tube 5 meters long, DN≥8.
5.5.4. TESTING
The test are defined in the standard IEC 61869-1 and IEC 61869-3, each equipment will be subject to the
following test definition:
Type test
Routine test (FAT)
Commissioning test (SAT)
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SURGE ARRESTERS
5.6.1. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
The purpose of these Chapter is to define the operational, construction, and testing characteristics of metal
oxide surge arrester without gaps (hereinafter "arresters"), at voltages of 72.5 to 550 kV for outdoor
installation.
The reference standards are the IEC/ISO, while for European destinations the reference standards are the
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Highest voltage of the Designation of Nominal discharge Continuous Operating Rated Voltage Rated Short-Circuit Current
system Arrester current Voltage (note 1)
Us – kV (r.m.s. value) kA Uc – kV (r.m.s. value) Ur – kV (r.m.s. value) Isc – kA
72.5 SM 10 48 60 31.5
100 SM 10 65 81 31.5
123 SM 10 78 108 31.5
145 SM 10 92 120 40
170 SM 10 108 144 40
245 SH 10/20 156 198 50
300 SH 20 191 240 50
362 SH 20 230 288 50
420 SH 20 267 336 50
550 SH 20 336 420 50
(1) This “Rated Short-Circuit Current value (Isc)” is reference value for tests; in any case it will be ≥ to “Rated Short-Circuit Current value of the
system at the plant location”
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5.6.3.3. HV Terminals
The HV terminals shall be manufactured with corrosion resistant copper or aluminium alloy, in order to be
interfaced with aluminium alloy connectors or clamps.
5.6.3.4. Grounding
The manufacturer shall ensure the equi-potentiality between all parts forming the equipment.
5.6.3.5. Protective treatments
All external surfaces shall have an effective and enduring anti-corrosion protection.
All metal parts shall be in non-corrosive material or hot dip galvanized in compliance with ISO 1461. All
processing shall be completed before the protective treatments.
Protective treatment alternative to the hot dip galvanization could be accepted if the manufacturer proves its
fitness.
Metallic elements with contact between them shall be designed to avoid corrosion due to humidity galvanic
effect.
5.6.3.6. Supports
The metallic supports, included fixing elements like ground anchorings, chemical anchoring systems, etc, will
be according to seismic requirements.
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5.6.4. TESTING
Standard IEC 60099-4 and its variants apply, taking into account the special requirements for arresters with
a polymeric material housing each equipment will be subject to the following test definition:
Type test
Routine test (FAT)
Commissioning test (SAT)
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INSTALLATION WORKS
The installation work need to be performed comply with all the safety instruction provided with Global
instruction and local condition. Anyway, before to proceed with anyone activity, the contractor need to provide
to client all the safety documentation (a.e. induction, safety tools, Risk Assessment, Method statements,
exc).
All electromechanical and electrical installation related to HV section will include, but not limited to, the
following activity:
Steel structure installation
HV equipment installation;
Power Transformers
Boxes / panels for secondary electrical connection points installation
All connection related HV section, LV section, control and measurements cable, earthing.
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secondary connection are realized in proper electrical box fixed to the steel structure or pole.
The equipment will be delivered ready for operation, also included a filling or fulfilling with isolating fluid, if it
becomes necessary, will be in charge to contractor.
5.7.5. INSPECTIONS
Infrared inspection testing should be provided by the Contractor to check all connection points under load
conditions. Shall be performed with more than 80% of load capacity where possible.
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The Contractor shall carry out are the following minimum Functional test:
Insulation resistance measurement
Verify that the Grounding CT’s are correctly installed and connected to the protection Relay
Verify the Ground Connection
Perform primary injection on the CT’s and verify the protection relay read the correct value
Internal Protections correct functionality if any (buchholz, preassure relief valve, thermometer).
Oil level check, oil analisys.
Winding resistance measurement.
6.2.3. MV DISCONNECTOR
Air Insulated Disconnector and Earthing Switches manually operated will be installed to connect\disconnect:
· Zig Zag Transformer.
· MV Collector System and MV Switchboards GIS\AIS and or MV Opens AIS Collector System, if
required.
The commissioning tests will be the following:
· Contacts resistance measurement.
· Isolation resistance measurement.
MV SWITCHGEAR
This section describes all the Medium Voltage Gas Insulated Switchgears (MV SWG) for primary distribution
application for HV substations project annexed to renewable power plants.
All parts, accessories, expenses and obligations necessary for the supply of the switchgear are into
Contractor’s responsibility, including those not explicitly mentioned herein, but indispensable for the proper
operation.
6.3.1. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
General characteristics according with the following table:
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Auxiliary power supplies service conditions according with the following table:
Parameters Required
AC nominal voltage (anticondensation and lighting) 400 Vca and 230Vca
Maximum fluctuation of the voltage ±10%
Frequency 50Hz or 60Hz
Phases/conductors 3/4 or 1/2
Maximum short-circuit current 10kA
Grounding system earthed connected
DC nominal voltage: (control, protection) 125 Vdc
Maximum fluctuation of the voltage -15%; +10%
Phases/conductors 1/2
Maximum short-circuit current 15kA
Grounding system isolated
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The quantity and type of panels will depend on the project characteristics.
MV SWG shall be comprised of modular units listed hereunder and any bar climbing units, where required
for construction reasons.
The number of each type of the units forming part of the individual switchboard is specified in the technical
specification.
The equipment installed in each typical modular unit is listed in the paragraphs below, other configurations
can be applied considering the single line diagram requirements in the basic design of the GTS.
Incoming panel composition: (used to connect the MV side of the Power Transformers to the bus-bar
distribution panels, this design can be also considered in case of demanding a Tie-type breaker
panel)
LV compartment equipped with Intelligent Electronic Device (IED)
Voltage Transformer at incoming line terminals (if required depends on the MV topology
SLD).
Three position disconnector-earth switch
Local controls in front of mechanism bay
Gas density sensor and filling valve
Circuit breaker (vacuum or SF6 type)
Measuring sockets for capacitive voltage indicators
Cable compartment or IPBD/SIBB connection compartment
CT line, (number of CT cores and characteristics according with project requirements)
Solid or gas insulated bus bars
Pressure relief device
Closing Coil
1 Tripping Coil standard type
1 Under Voltage Coil release operated type
Voltage transformer panel composition: (used to provide bus-bar voltage measurement for energy
meters and protection relay functions)
Voltage transformer
Auxiliary circuit breakers
Solid or gas insulated bus bars
Auxiliary transformer feeder panel composition: (used to provide connection for the Auxiliar
Transformers of the substation)
Thermometric control unit of the transformer
Local controls in front of mechanism bay
Gas density sensor and filling valve
Fuse and circuit breaker-disconnector set device with earth switch cable side
Measuring sockets for capacitive voltage indicators
Cable compartment
Solid or gas insulated bus bars
Pressure relief device
Feeder panel composition: (used to provide the outgoing lines that connect the generation units of
the wind and solar farms, if necessary also for capacitors and filters installed in the substation for
harmonics and reactive compensation).
LV compartment with Intelligent Electronic Device (IED)
Three position disconnector-earth switch
Local controls in front of mechanism bay
Gas density sensor and filling valve
Circuit breaker (vacuum or SF6 type)
Measuring sockets for capacitive voltage indicators
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Cable compartment
CT line (number of CT cores and characteristics according with project requirements)
Solid or gas insulated bus bars
Pressure relief device
1 Closing coil
1 Tripping Coil standard type
A step-by-step detailed operational description of all the switch manoeuvres associated to a given panel
should be installed on the panel front doors.
The interlock system must have a separated brochure with instructions in detail. This must consider the
electrical system of the project as well as the demands of the switchgear manufacturer and the other
equipments involved in the interlock.
6.3.2.2. MV equipment definition
6.3.2.2.1. Circuit breaker
Parameters Values as per IEC
Reference standard IEC 62271-100
Type Vacuum or SF6
Rated current:
incoming unit 630 A ÷ 2500 A
feeder unit 630 A ÷ 1250 A
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A safe locking method must secure the mechanical push buttons to prevent any circuit breaker operation
non-compliant with the three-position disconnector.
SF6 circuit breaker has equipped by a pressure switch and a gas-monitoring device with LED signalling low
gas pressure.
The circuit breaker should be provided with all necessary auxiliary contacts to the needs of the operating
logic implemented within the MV switchgear.
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It combines line disconnector and earthing switch functions by knife-switches. The three switch positions –
CLOSED / OPEN / READY-TO-EARTH - have carried out by the mechanical structure of the switch. It is
located in the GIS-filled panel module, while the operating mechanism block is accessible in the mechanism
bay. It has manually operated only.
The three above position are correspondent to:
READY-TO-EARTH:
Contact blades
connected with
OPEN: CLOSED: earth contact of
Open current path Closed current path switchgear vessel.
between busbar between busbar Earthing connection
and circuit-breaker and circuit-breaker cable possible by
closing the circuit-
breaker
Mechanical controls and indicators for the operating mechanism are located in the cover of the mechanism
bay and are accessible from the outside.
For manual operation of the switch with a lever, the relevant opening for the lever must be uncovered turning
the selector lever. The switch position has indicated mechanically. In order to avoid wrong operation, manual
mechanisms have interlocked mechanically with the relevant circuit breaker within the panel and/or shall be
available separate operating shafts for the “DISCONNECTING” and “READY-TO-EARTH” functions.
On the front operating panel are located the following devices:
selector lever
disconnector position indicator “earthing switch”
opening for operation of the earthing switch
disconnector position indicator “disconnector”
opening for operation of the disconnector
The three-position disconnector operating mechanism is equipped with the following devices:
auxiliary switch “OPEN”
auxiliary switch “CLOSED”
auxiliary switch “READY-TO-EARTH”
micro switch on the selector lever (two)
The line disconnector and earthing switch must be provided with all necessary auxiliary contacts to the needs
of the operating logic implemented within the framework agreement and, any external requirements.
6.3.2.2.3. Voltage Transformers
Parameters Values as per IEC
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Bus bar VTs are of the plug-in type, always located outside the gas compartments and positioned on the top
of the incoming panel or inside to cable compartment.
Incoming line VT´s can be also be requested located inside cable compartment, for protection relay functions
as 59N and 27 in order to block permission to close the circuit breaker.
All instrument transformers for the energy measurement, must be provided with certificates of calibration for
fiscal use, drawn up by approved laboratories included stamp.
6.3.2.2.4. Current transformers
Parameters Values as per IEC
Reference standard IEC 61689-1
IEC 61689-2
Type Ring core, single pole, cast resin,
inductive
Rated frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Rated transformation ratio Ipn / 1 A or 5 A
Accuracy power According to basic design SLD’s
Accuracy class
Billing/fiscal metering 0,2
Plant metering 0,5 - 1
Protection 5P20
The number of cores CT's line installed shall be defined in project SLD. In general shall be installed:
- n. 3 core on each phases for incomming.
- n. 2 core on the each phases for feeder
Ring core CTs are always located outside the gas compartment for outer cone plug solution and for inner
cone plug solution when the cables are two at the most.
Block type CTs are located in the gas compartment for inner cone plug solution when the cables are more
than two.
The winding of the CTs has enclosed in cast resin.
All instrument transformers for the energy measurement, must be provided with certificates of calibration for
fiscal use, drawn up by approved laboratories included stamp.
6.3.2.2.5. Bus bars
Busbar could be in two different configuration:
1. Bus bars are located within a compartment inside the gas filled panel modules
2. Bus bars are located within a compartment outside the gas filled panel modules.In this configuration
the bus bars consist of copper bars and insulated with silicone rubber. The conductive connections
between the bus bars and from the bus bars to the relevant cast resin bushing in the panel module
have made by the cross and end adapters.
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IED installed in feeder panel feeder panel must provide the following functionalities: (depends on the
protection relay configuration demanded in the design project some functionalities will be disable)
bay full control
instantaneous overcurrent relay (ANSI code: 50)
AC time overcurrent relay (ANSI code: 51)
neutral instantaneous overcurrent relay (ANSI code: 50N)
neutral time overcurrent relay (ANSI code: 51N)
AC directional overcurrent relay (ANSI code: 67)
Neutral Directional Overcurrent (ANSI code: 67N)
Reverse-Phase or Phase Balance Current Relay (ANSI code: 46)
breaker failure protection (ANSI code: 50 BF)
tripping coil supervision
event recorder
oscillography (recording)
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The thermometric control of the transformer will have the following minimum requirements:
4 temperatures control
4 alarm thresholds
outputs with dry contact relay, alarm and trip, fault reporting
4 inputs three wires RTD Pt100
Removable rear terminals
Input channels protected against electromagnetic disturbances
Construction in conformity with valid regulations
Protection against electromagnetic disturbances IEC 61000-4-4
Temperature control from 0° C to 200° C
Watchdog
Self-diagnosis circuit
Diagnostic sensors
Alarm Memory
Reset button
In the front of the compartment of the auxiliary transformer feeder panel, the Supplier shall install the
thermometric control unit.
The thermometric unit's supply will be derived from the auxiliary panel of the auxiliary transformer feeder
panel and the alarm signals will be made available in the terminal box or wired with other alarms according
to the requests that ENEL GPG must provide at the time of order.
6.3.2.3.2. LAN communications
An integrated communication net in LAN Ethernet type) will connect all the IEDs installed in the MV
switchgear busbar panels. The network must be organized to work in IEC 61850:
Each IED must be capable for one or two Ethernet ports (A and B)
The LAN will include one or two Ethernet Switches and all the physical connections between
each Ethernet Switch and IEDs.
The interface with the SCU-scada (substation control unit) and the integrated communication at IED level
can be implemented in redundant topology by PRP or HSR configuration if requested in the project
requirements.
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It contains all the live high voltage parts, i.e. the switching devices, bushings for connection of the bus bar,
cable sockets, test plug sockets and CT block type only.
The pressure relief device can be located in the roof plate or in the rear wall of the enclosure. The seals of
the components are O-ring seals.
The current-carrying connection between the circuit breaker and the three-position disconnector to the bus
bar compartment has performed via single pole cast resin bushings.
The capacitive voltage indicator system has fitted close to the test sockets.
The circuit breaker operating mechanism, the gas density sensor and the filling valve are located on the
mounting plate for the circuit breaker, which has bolted to the front wall of the enclosure.
In GIS composed by several panels, each circuit breaker compartment does not have no gas connections to
the neighbouring panels and there is no any gas connection to the bus bar compartments.
6.3.3.2. Bus bar compartment
It contains the bus bar system connected to the single pole cast resin bushings positioned at the top of the
gas compartment.
The bus bar connection to adjacent panels has performed by plug-in connectors located at either side of the
enclosure.
In case of GIS, it is composed by several panels, each bus bar compartment does not have no gas
connections to the neighbouring panels and there is no any gas connection to the circuit breaker
compartments.
6.3.3.3. Cable termination compartment
It contains the main earthing bar, the MV power cables with fitted cable plugs, the MV power cable fasteners
and the ring core current transformers. An antimagnetic floor plate separates the cable termination
compartment from the cable basement. This compartment is shockproof and it is fitted with partition plates
at the sides and rear. The overpressure due to an internal arc fault has discharged through a lower pressure
relief device.
The cable connection compartment is only accessible from the front using tools to remove the front door,
which has interlocked with the earth switch.
6.3.3.4. LV auxiliary compartment
At one of the MV panels (incoming or busbar voltage) will be connected the DC power input consit of two DC
redundant incomings from the DC system. Both redundant DC power supplies will be coupled by means of
barrier diodes (positive pole). Auxiliar relay for supervision the status of the voltage shall be installed.
This compartment , depends of switchgear manufacturers, can host the operating mechanism of the circuit
breaker, the mechanism of the three-position disconnector, the sensors of gas density monitoring in the gas
compartments, electrical protection device (IED), transformer thermometric unit, thermal cable monitoring
system and further secondary devices and their wirings.
For MV each panel, DC auxiliary power supply must be divided into separate power circuits with at least the
following distribution:
- spring loading motor,
- control, protection and close/trip circuit.
The front door of this compartment allows operating on the control and display unit; the switch positions have
displayed by bar indicators integrated in the single line diagram on the control and display unit. Signals have
displayed by devices fitted in the door (e.g. signalling lamps, drop indicator relays etc.). Display of
measurements requires the use of discrete measuring instruments.
LV and control auxiliary cables entry has located in the bottom of the compartment.
Inside the LV auxiliary compartment have installed the interface terminal blocks to exchange any hardwired
signal with the Substations protection, control and metering systems (SCS or SCU-RTU).
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The Supplier must deliver the list of type tests relevant to GIS and any its main component (circuit breaker,
three-position disconnector, CT, VT, bushings, etc.) providing the following information:
Test certificate number
Test run date
Testing Laboratory name
Accreditation Body of the test in the Laboratory
Equipment / component manufacturing series
For any type test not supported by a certificate, Supplier must carry out this test in an Inspection Laboratory
in which the type test has accredited by an International Body before purchasing order signature.
6.3.4.2. Routine test
MV switchgear pannels must be always submitted to routine tests as per chapters 7 of IEC 62271-200.
For all bushings supplied and installed in the SWG, the partial discharge test certificate (routine test) must
be provided.
The routine tests that must be performed are:
Dielectric test on the main circuit
Test on auxiliary and control circuit
Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit
Tightness test
Design and visual checks
Partial discharge measurement
Mechanical operation tests
Pressure tests of gas-filled compartments, if is applicable
Tests of auxiliary electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic devices, where is applicable
The power-frequency voltage test shall be performed on all equipment with the limitation indicated in 6.2.6.1
of IEC 62271-200. The voltage values for power frequency withstand voltage (Ud) test, phase-to-phase,
phase-to-earth, open contact gap and across the isolating distance, to be applied to the circuit breaker and
to the disconnector are specified in the tables indicated in 2.4.1 of this TS.
Functional tests must also include verification of electrical protection and primary circuits. Therefore, the test
of the intervention of the electrical protection functions with signal injection on the primary circuits (CT's and
VT'S) is required.
6.3.4.3. Commissioning test
After erection, MV SWG be tested to check correct operation as per chapters 7.105 of IEC 62271-200.
For parts which are assembled on site and for gas-filled compartments which are filled on site, the following
tests should be carried out:
Voltage test of the main circuit
Tightness tests
Measurement of fluid condition after filling on site.
These components shall be checked and tested as per tests expected to be executed for each different
component installed inside the switchgear.
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The minimum checks and test the contractor shall carry out are the following:
Check that active parts are not accessible.
Dimensional and visual inspection for each panels as per project documentation.
Leveling and anchoring: control of the perfect leveling of the bases of all the panels and the proper
bolts tightening of the panel to the floor and between them;
Bars and equipment: compliance with the single line diagram of the panel, of main busbar system,
junction bars, all electrical equipment,
Check the proper connection to the grounding system of the grounding bus bar (minimum two on
lateral sides, normally minimum 95mm2);
External integrity check of insulators, apparatus, and insulating diaphragms;
Check for absence of foreign bodies (tools, waste materials, dustinsects etc)
Check the consistency of nameplate data of all equipment with the indications written on approved
drawings;
After completion of the above mentioned visual checks for MV switchgears that are normally assembled on
site, the following tests have to be carried out:
Mechanical test
Insulation tests
Functional tests
Mechanical test: has to guarantee the proper overall installation, proper operation, mechanism and joints,
the limit switch contacts, the key locks and closures, the mechanical finishing, insulating surfaces and
coatings.
Mechanical tests; the contractor shall:
Check the maneuverability of the doors
Check the mechanical functionality of all mechanical locks and key locks;
Check the mechanical functionality of each breaker by executing, for each of them, a series of
opening and closing commands by acting on the mechanical commands in front of them;
Manually load the closing springs;
Check the mechanical functionality of each breaker by executing, for each of them, a series of
opening and closing commands, performing, if necessary,a fine- tuning
Check the mechanical functionality of each disconnector (insulating switch, switch to ground) by
executing, for each of them, a series of opening and closing commands by acting on the mechanical
commands in front of them, and the electrical command where installed;
Insulation tests: are those which guarantee the integrity of the insulation after transport and assembly on
site.
Insulation tests: the contractor shall carry out:
Main contacts resistance measurement,
Insulation resistance measurement: it is recommended to use a megger in dc voltage. The contractor
shall carry out the test between phases and between phases and the ground bar, the test has to be
performed with all breakers and disconnectors closed and no MV cable connected. The test shall be
performed with Polarization Index (PI) method (preferable) or Dielectric Absorption Ratio (DAR)
method.
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Overvoltage Test with Three Phase Voltage Applied, at nominal frequency as per IEC 60060-1.
Functional tests: are those that guarantee the correct functioning of all auxiliary circuits, signaling circuits
and command and control, and that the wiring of the panel match the wiring diagrams.
Functional tests; the contractor shall carry out:
Check of the correctness and level of all supplies;
Execution of the opening and closing maneuvers of breakers and disconnectors, to be performed by
local and by remote;
Check opening and closing times, dynamic contact resistance and open/close coils current
consumption measurement.
Check of all electrical and mechanical interlocks;
Check of all remote commands;
Check of the correct position of the auxiliary contacts in all positions of main maneuvering elements;
Check of secondary circuits of current transformers CT and voltage transformer VT;
Alarms checks;
Simulate protection intervention using switches with secondary injection
Checks correct interchange of signals, commands, alarms and communication data with SCADA
system;
Power Frequency Voltage Tests.
Tightness tests.
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For site altitudes above 1000 m, the altitude correction factor have to be considered, depending on the site
altitude above sea level according to the IEC 60076-11.
6.4.2. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
6.4.2.1. Windings
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MV and LV windings shall be made in aluminum tapes of at least 99,5% aluminum content.
LV windings shall be impregnated in resin and subsequently polymerized. MV windings shall be cast under
vacuum with an epoxy resin to ensure a low emission of smoke and toxic and corrosive gases.
6.4.2.2. De-energized tap-changer
De-energized tap-changer (DETC) shall be in compliance with IEC 60214 and the voltage variation range of
Vr shall be ±2x2.5%.
DECT shall made of three connection plates to bolt on related threaded terminals.
6.4.2.3. Shield
The transformers shall have an electrostatic shield between the low voltage and high voltage winding, made
by wrapping a shield grounded with the transformer box, if applicable.
6.4.2.4. Terminals connection
The terminals will be positioned normally, unless specified otherwise, on the long sides of the upper part of
the transformer next to each column. The realization of the connections in a star or delta connection of the
windings may be an open design using insulated bars with the same insulation levels specified for the
transformer.
MV cables connections to the respective MV winding terminals shall be possible from above or from below,
on the terminal plates of the MV winding connecting bars, with a lug with a 13 mm hole diameter to allow for
a M12 bolt coupling. The connection point have to be marked with corresponding acronym of the phase.
LV cables connections to the respective LV winding terminals shall be from above, on the terminal platelets
with holes (3 holes per M12 phase), situated in the upper part of the winding on the side opposite the MV
connections.
The neutral terminal will be situated on the side of the "u" phase.
All connection surfaces shall be insulated.
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CAPACITOR BANKS
The scope of this section is the description of the components and the services included in a capacitor banks
supply and to define the main technical and functional characteristics relative to design, engineering,
technical study, procurement, shipping, construction, installation, labor, testing and commissioning, start up,
training, civil and electrical work for power capacitor banks.
Inside the MV switchgear one dedicated feeder has been left available to line-up the capacitor banks.
The energy compensation will be performed by groups of capacitor bank sized of:
1 MVAR, 2 MVAR, 3 MVAR, 5 MVAR. More groups of capacitor bank (steps) will be installed in the
same plant to reach the necessary reactive power requested by grid operator.
6.5.1. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
According with the following table:
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1,15Un 30min
1,20Un 5 min
1,30Un 1 min
Polypropylene film
Dielectric
Filler of SAS-40E or M/DBT (PCB free)
Discharge time 75V in 600sec
Dielectric losses <0,2W/kVAR
Capacitance tolerance -5 to 10%
Protection Internal fuse
Discharge resistors yes
Tank Stainless steel
Bushings Indoor Porcelain / Outdoor Composite
Installation Indoor/Outdoor
The system will consist of an incoming pannel and/or connecting power cubicle housing the primary
equipment with secondary and ancillary equipment kits. Below it is describe the main components and
system protection.
Electrical schematic: capacitor step that performs power cubicles in parallel (if necessary)
R : inrush reactor
ES : earthing switch
(*) CB (DS) installed in capacitor bank compartment would be included if MV circuit breaker upstream is not
capable for connection and disconnection of capacitor banks.
Electrical schematic with combined protection and switchgear components, including incoming pannel
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Surge arresters at between MV circuit breaker and switch disconnector should be used in order to limit the
TOV (overvoltages) when switching operation.
6.5.2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The active and reactive control of a renewable Plant is performed by PPC (power plant controller).
The Capacitor banks can be managed with two solutions:
1) Standard solution implementing a hardwire interface with the SCU-SCADA to interchange status
alarms , trip, control feedback measures and commands.
2) Alternative Cap Banks Controller (IED), supplied by Contractor with protocols (DNP 3.0 TCP-IP, IEC
61850, MODBUS TCP-IP) compatible with SCU level architecture and input/output hardwire
interface with PPC.
In both cases, the SCU SCADA shall collect via hardwired the status of Capacitors banks.
The PPC control algorithms aimed to harmonize the combined operation of the PV inverter or Wind Turbine
and Capacitors together. These algorithms can be deployed for reactive power control and even
voltage control of the power plant, if the grid code allows the use of capacitors for such purpose.
Additionally the Capacitor Bank shall provide a control panel with Local/Remote/Out and Manual/Automatic
selectors. In the Local position, the cap banks shall manage locally and not remote control shall be allowed.
In the Manual position, the Controller shall be disabled and shall not follow reactive curve demand.
The safety and protection of capacitor banks will always be activated in any operation modes.
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In case of fault the relay protections installed on board of Cap Bank shall trip opening also the breaker on
MV switchgear (if needed).
Moreover, the grounding switch/CB of MV feeder (upwards) shall be electrical and/or key interlocked with
SF6 switch/circuit breaker of Capacitor bank. This interlocking shall avoid that operator can grounded the
MV cable which lines up the Capacitor Banks.
Moreover, the voltage interlock of capacitor banks must be adjusted so that the breaker could be switch on
with a voltage in the capacitor bank below a maximum threshold calculated based on the time
constant RC of the capacitor bank, for a time equal to 15 minutes: v=v0 * exp(-15min/RC)
During the operation, MV level must be supervised by, relay protections of MV panel and capacitor banks in
order to avoid to switch on the capacitor banks under high rates of voltage that can damage during the
transient the equipment.
The active part of the capacitors shall not be toxic, rapidly biodegradable in the environment; for this reason,
no special precautionary measures are foreseen for the containment of oil leaks.
6.5.3.1. Control cubicle
The control cubicle in the capacitor skid/container minimum requirements, but not limited to, are:
Safety interlock keys: Solenoid Controlled Key Interlock, based on the discharge time and residual
voltage of capacitors.
Relay Protections.
Local/remote and manual/automatic selector.
Alarm indication signals: over temperature, over pressure, fuse failure, cap bank stage On and Off,
unavailability Cap Bank Stage, unbalance Alarm and Trip, door Micro switch.
Led Indication on the front panel: Stage On and Off, Alarm and Trip, Control voltage line, Power
voltage live.
Push bottoms.
Internal lights.
Instructions for safety operation and warning signs.
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All signal, command, status, measure, alarm must be suitable for interfaced with the RTU/SCADA.
The low-voltage electrical equipment must be installed in the LV compartment/cubicle (if it is present). Each
electrical equipment must be identified by an electrical designation corresponding to that specified on the
respective wiring diagrams, in conformity with the standards IEC 60750 or NEMA.
6.5.3.6. Wiring and auxiliary circuits
All the auxiliary signalling and control circuits must be built with black fire retardant conductors type,
having a cross-section of 1.5 mm2 (except for the switch for whose auxiliary circuits a cross- section
of 1 mm2 is allowed).
The current circuits must be built with conductors having specifications similar to those mentioned above,
but with a cross section of 2.5 mm2.
Bicolor yellow and green cables must be used for the protection wires, which have to be produced in
conformity with the standard IEC 60446.
All the auxiliary circuits that pass through medium-voltage zones must be protected with adequately
grounded metal piping.
All the wires of the circuits of the equipment contained on the electric panel must lead to the numbered
modular terminal boards.
The terminal boards for the connections of the cables outside the electrical panel must be sized so as to
allow the attachment of only one wire to each terminal.
6.5.3.7. Painting
During the proposal phase the manufacturer must indicate its standard painting process. In any case, an
epoxy powder painting process is preferred. The supplier must be guaranteed the painting for 10 years.
6.5.4. TESTS
6.5.4.1. Commissioning
The contractor shall carry out at least the following activities:
Check the labeling
Check the phases identification
Check the earthing connections
Check the terminals
Check explosion protection system (overpressure, overtemperature)
Insulation Test
Measure resistor and capacitor values and check the consistency with nameplate
Inspections and checks of all HV/MV equipment (breackers, disconnector, CT, CV if present)
Test of protection relays (if present)
MV CABLES
6.6.1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Medium Voltage cables will be:
Multicore type armoured or not armoured;
Three single cable twisted type armoured or not armoured;
Single-core cable screened.
Main cables ratings according with the following table:
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The cables shall be in accordance to standard IEC 60502-2. The cables shall be “fire retardant” type
according, to IEC 60332-3 category “C” or IEC 60332-2 category “A”, low emission of toxic and corrosive
fumes according to IEC 61034 or halogen free according to IEC 60754.
Cables shall be mineral oil resistant, water resistant (including occasional immersion sea water), sun
radiation resistance (light, heat, ozone) oxygen resistant, bases and acids (splashes) resistant according to
STD 60502-2.
6.6.2. DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS
Marking codes shall be applied throughout the length of the cable by embossing the outer sheath with the
following information:
Manufacturer
Rated voltage
Number of conductor and cross section
Design standards and Fire resistant standards
Identification code
Year of manufacturing
The ends of the cable on reel shall be hermetically sealed by a heat shrinkable cap against moisture, dirt or
insects penetration.
The cables shall be in in compliance to following main technical characteristics:
Conductor: plain annealed stranded copper conductor or plain stranded aluminium conductor
according to IEC 60228 class 2
Inner semi-conducting layer: semi-conducting tape or layer of extruded semi-conducting
compound, located between conductor and insulation, according to IEC 60502-2 Standard.
Insulation: hard grade ethylene propylene rubber compound (HEPR) or in alternative cross-linked
polyethylene (XLPE) according to IEC 60502-2 Standard.
External semi-conducting layer: semi-conducting tape or layer of extruded semi-conducting
compound, located on insulation, according to IEC 60502-2 Standard.
Screen: In single core cables, the metallic screen consists of helical plain copper wires and wrapped
on copper tape. In three-core cables, screen consists of plain copper tapes applied on each core.
The screen shall be suitable to withstand the ground fault current of 500A x 1 sec (max electrical
resistance 3Ω/km).
Filler (only for Multicores cables): the three insulated cores shall be laid up with non-hygroscopic
fillers extruded compound. The fillers material shall be suitable to allow a continuous operation of
the cable conductor temperature of 90°C.
Armouring (if required): The armouring shall be metallic and will consist in a double galvanized steel
tapes. In case of single-core cables armouring shall be of nonmagnetic material.
Sheath: the over-sheath shall consist of a special thermoplastic compound (PVC) according to IEC
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60502-2 or, if required in, the over-sheat shall be made of thermoplastic compound halogen free.The
PVC compound shall be fire retardant (according to IEC 60332-3-24) and low emission of toxic and
corrosive fumes (according to IEC 61034-2). The amount of halogen acid gas evolved during
combustion of PVC material shall be less than 15%, using test stated on IEC 61034-2.
The colour required of the sheath is red.
6.6.3. TESTS
All the routine and sample tests of the IEC 60502-2 standard shall be performed at workshop and in particular:
High Voltage Test (routine tests): each drum length or coil of completed cable shall be tested in
accordance with the relevant IEC recommendations.
Conductor resistance (routine tests): the resistance of the conductors shall be measured in
accordance with relevant IEC recommendations.
Insulation, bedding and sheath: the insulation, bedding and sheath shall be tested in accordance
with relevant IEC recommendations.
Measurements of thickness and Weights: one metre length cable shall be cut from every 10 drums
of finished cable, examined in detail and the following measurements and weights taken.
Thickness of insulation
Thickness of semiconductor insulating layers and copper shielding tape.
Thickness of PVC sheath
Weight of bedding
Weight of copper conductor.
6.6.3.1. Commissioning tests
For each cable according to design documents the contractor shall verify:
- Cable characteristics type
- Identification of circuits and their conformity with design documents;
- Absence of mechanical damage, overheating and/or short circuiting;
- Check point to point each core to confirm the right cable connection.
- Cable oversheath (jacket) test (hi pot)
- Continuity and resistance armour test (metal tape or metal wire)
- Insulation tests on MV cables methods: OWTS (preferent), VLF or Resonant equipment.
Insulation test shall be performed mandatory one core at time and offline Partial Discharge Test OPDT on
100% of cables shall be performed by the contractor.
The contractor shall share the test procedure, settings, expected results, threshold PD values and the highest
voltage value that is suitable to apply between core conductor and screen, etc. with before starting any test
activities.
The graph shown below suggests a common test procedure for OFFLINE PD tests. The time up to and while
energized at 1.0 U0 is not important as this is at or below normal operating voltage.
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Any PD detected at or below nominal voltage, 1.0 U0 is an automatic failure and the test shall be terminated
at that point until the problem is found and corrected.
Step durations above nominal operating voltage shall be approximately 15 seconds each, so that the time
that the cable is subjected to stressed conditions for more or less 1 minute. The response of the cable system
shall be monitored as the voltage stress is gradually increased from zero to the highest transient voltage
which may be experienced by the cable system in its particular environment. Any significant defect must be
revealed during this short test power application.
U0 is the rated power frequency voltage between conductor and earth or metallic screen for which the cable
has been designed by Manufacturer.
The table shown below provides threshold values for each component of the cable line; i.e. no PD should be
observable above the sensitivity threshold up to the voltage threshold.
The standards, testing frequency and thresholds sensitivity voltage that shall be followed are showed below:
Table 1.– PD Tolerance Levels for MV Cables
Component Thresholds
PD Sensitivity (pC) Applied Voltage
MV extruded cables No PD >5 (*)
Terminations IEEE 48 No PD >5 ≤ 1,5 U0
Separable connectors IEEE 386 No PD >3 ≤ 1,3 U0
Joints IEEE 404 No PD >3 ≤ 1,5 U0
(*)MV extruded cables should not be tested to their limits. The following table
provides the maximum effective value of the applied test voltage V both for IEC and for ICEA cable rated
voltage
Table 3.– Maximum effective value of the applied test voltage
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Portable PD test equipment can be used. The PD diagnostic system should offer at least:
synchronous data recording;
wideband (20 - 300 MHz);
Multi-channel data acquisition;
Equipped with data acquisition software which enables automatic separation of PD pulses from
electromagnetic noise;
Capacity to perform analysis with the use of relevant software both in-field or in the office.
INSTALLATION WORKS
The installation work needed to be performed, should comply with all the safety instruction provided with
Global instruction and local condition. Anyway, before to proceed with anyone activity, the contractor need
to provide to client all the safety documentation (a.e. induction, safety tools, Risk Assessment, Method
statements, exc).
The electromechanical works, concern all MV equipment, will include, but not limited to:
Delivery and installation of all support material in order to perform the correct installation of MV
equipment
Handled and assembly according to supplier instructions respecting lifting points and taking all
necessary precautions in order to not damage the equipments
Installation in the correct position as per approved (issued for construction) drawings;
Execution of all electrical and mechanical connections
Grounding for all MV equipment to earthing system
Execution of all test after installation as per SAT schedule
6.7.1. MV SWITCHGEAR
The installation must be carried out in accordance with the supplier provisions regarding handling, assembly
and tests after installation.
MV switchgear disposition inside the building will be performed as per IFC drawings and it will be fit over the
MV trench cable aligned vertically and horizontally.
The installation must be performed by specialist technician in order to guarantee the quality of the all electrical
connection.
After the mechanical installation the MV switchgear must be:
- perfect alignment;
- all the frontal panel must be opened without any problem in order to permit the access to the electrical
terminal block for perform the secondary electrical connection
- All the hand tools must be present inside the building and installed in a position agreed with the client
- All the switchgear module must be labeled
- Moreover the tests scheduled for the MV switchgear after installation, the following test must be
performed: a) Open/close earthing disconnector b) Open/Close disconnector and/or circuit breaker
disconnected
Special attention must be paid during the MV cable connection to the switchgear: the MV cable need to be
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6.7.2. MV CABLES
6.7.2.1. Laying
Laying operations must be carried out in accordance with the applicable provisions of the IEC and the
Manufacturer in this regard, particularly with regard to bending radius, temperatures during the laying of the
cable and the mutual spacing at the end of the heat dissipation. The laying of cables in tunnels, on bridges,
profiles or pipes must be carried out on order to avoid intersections and overlaps.
The laying of the cables will include cutting, shaping , polishing and installation of conductors, considering
also:
supply and installation of any collars for fixing.
supply and installation of any brackets or metal profiles support
accessories for uphill
removal and re- roofing of the tunnels and shelters or metal panels of MV compartments in
general and the supply and installation of various materials for fixing cables path prepared (
clamps , ties , spirals , rings in galvanized steel , etc. . )
Cable joints is not permitted.
After the cable lying:
all pipes/ducts must be adequately sealed with approved material (a.e. by injecting polyurethane
foam);
The both end cable must be sealed with isolated tape.
The cables must be marked with phase identification.
6.7.2.2. Termination
The termination must be done by specialized technician, respecting the manual instruction provided by the
supplier and use the correct tools specified.
During the execution, the place need to be clean in order to avoid dust that can be prejudice the correct
realization. Special attention need during the outdoor termination in order to keep clean the work area and
avoid dust during execution.
All MV termination for switchgear connection need the cable shield grounded to the earthing by a flexible
tinned copper braid connected with lug nuts to the metal structure or grouding copper plate inside the
switchgear.
The outdoor termination must have the lug with the head sealed (not pressed) and without inspection hole to
prevent moisture penetration in the cable.
6.7.2.3. Inspections
All cables after their laydown and their jointing and termination, shall be verified performing the checks listed
below at least:
Conformity of the cable duct to the executive design (deep excavations, interference, materials,
accessories used, etc.);
Correct execution of terminals;
Checking that screen insulation connections have been carried out correctly.
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7. LV SS AA SYSTEM
CODES AND STANDARDS
Other product-specific normative references are given in the text next to the mentioned component.
Norm Description
LV switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Type-tested and partially type-
1 IEC 61439-1
tested assemblies
2 IEC 61439-2 LV switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 2: Power Switchboard.
3 EN 60947-2 Apparecchiature a bassa tensione – Parte 2 Interruttori automatici.
Apparecchiature a bassa tensione – Parte 3 – Interruttori di manovra,
4 EN 60947-3 sezionatori, interruttori di manovra-sezionatori e unità combinate con
fusibili.
5 IEC 61869-1 Instrument transformers – Part. 1 General requirements
Instrument transformers – Part. 2 Additional requirements for Current
6 IEC 61869-2
Transformers
Instrument transformers – Part. 3 Additional requirements for Voltage
7 IEC 61869-3
Transformers
Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current
8 ISO 8528-1
generating sets - Parts 1÷12
Reciprocating internal combustion engines -- Performance Declarations of
9 UNI ISO 3046 power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods - Additional
requirements for engines for general use
10 IEC 60034-1 Rotating electrical machines. Part 1: Rating and performance
AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven
11 IEC 60034-22
generating sets
Test code for measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
12 ISO R 1680
machines
13 EN 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP Code)
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment
14 IEC 62262
against external mechanical impacts (IK code) – valid only for outdoor type
Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line commutated
15 IEC 60146-1-1
converters - Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line commutated
16 IEC 60146-1-2
converters - Part 1-2: Application guidelines
Semiconductor converters - Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor
17 IEC 60146-2
converters including direct dc converters
Stationary lead-acid batteries - General requirements and methods of test.
18 IEC 60896-1
Part 1: Vented types
19 IEEE 485 Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
20 IEC 60076-11 Power transformers - Part 11: Dry-type transformers
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards -
21 IEC 61000-6-2
Immunity standard for industrial environments
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards -
22 IEC 61000-6-4
Emission standard for industrial environments
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 2: Electromagnetic
23 IEC 62040-2
compatibility (EMC) requirements
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 3: Method of specifying the
24 IEC 62040-3
performance and test requirements
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
This section describes all the LV main equipment for HV substations project annexed to renewable power
plants.
All parts, accessories, expenses and obligations necessary for the supply are into Contractor’s responsibility,
including those not explicitly mentioned herein, but indispensable for the proper operation.
LV equipment has always installed indoor in a room equipped by suitable ventilation system and the design
standard characteristic conditions are the following.
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LV auxiliary power supply systems shall be designed for the permitted voltage fluctuation range indicated in
the table above and suitable power capacity which is required by the equipment for control and auxiliary
systems.
Neutral connection will be directly earthed and distributed for single phase loads, residual current circuit
breakers protection, will only be applied to not pertinent loads/consumers that will not affect to the operation
and functionality of the Substation.
In all power loads the impedance of the current loop in case of single phase to earth failure will be very low
in order to guarantee both: (1) the disconnection of the single circuits in failure by overcurrent detection of
the circuit breakers/fuses with selective and clearance times of miliseconds and (2) the result of the loop
resistance and short circuit current will not provide hazardous voltages to workers and public personnel in
the facilities.
AC normal auxiliary power supply is powered, depending on the complexity of the Substation, by a maximum
of n. 2 TSAs transformers managed with an automatic change over system in the event of one of the two
being out of service.
AC emergency auxiliary power supply is powered, in normal operating conditions, by AC normal auxiliary
power supply while in emergency conditions it is automatically switched under the emergency diesel
generator set (DG Set).
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A general SLD for the LV system is attached below, other configurations is also permitted, requested in Enel
specifications:
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Open transition function shall always be preferentially active and prevalent over the other. During normal
operation the system will have to continuously monitor the voltages of the two power sources and in case
of minimum voltage of the main power supply it will automatically transfer the load under the reserve one.
Furthermore, the blocking of the switching function from an external signal must be available (MV
transformer feeder protection).
Closed transition
Close transition function shall be operational only in manual mode at the request of the operator and will
be used to transfer AC normal power supply of the LV SWB from one source to another without
interruption.
The functionality of the system shall be the following:
Manual mode: Transfer initiation and operation are performed manually, typically by pushing a
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button locally
Automatic mode: Transfer switch controller is self-acting and completely manages both initiation
and operation. Initiation is triggered when the automatic controller senses an unavailability or loss
of source power followed by operation of the switching mechanism.
7.3.1.3. Automatic Emergency Transfer Switch (AETS)
AC emergency power supply section must be equipped with an Automatic Emergency Transfer Switch
system (AETS).
This system shall be an automatic switching that transfers the emergency loads between normal power
supply and emergency power source powered from Diesel Generator Set (DG Set).
When there is no voltage on the AC emergency busbar (<V on LV SWB- Emergency section), the DG Set
will be started.
DG Set control logic determines the start of the generator set and with the unit running, machine circuit
breaker is closed. This maneuver shall be performed only if the incoming circuit breaker from DG Set is open.
AETS will command the opening of the bus-coupling and the closing of the incoming from DG Set. In this
case an open transition is a break-before-make transfer. The transfer switch breaks its connection to one
power source before making a connection to the other. Open transitions include open-delayed and open in-
phase.
In the picture the Source 1 is AC normal power supply and source 2 is DG set power supply.
The return to normal conditions will be possible in automatic mode (for tests) after voltage in normal power
supply is recovered between nominal voltage range (Source 1). A delay of at least 2 minutes can be
configured in the re-connection to the normal supply (Source 1) and disconnection of the DG Set (Source 2).
Once the backwards transfer is successfully completed the DG Set will be stopped and ready for the next
sequence of start-up.
7.3.2. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
7.3.2.1. Switchboards
The switchboards must be of the prefabricated type, for installation self-supporting, composed of
independent, standardized and modular type compartments, with the possibility to extend without having to
make any particular adaptations. Therefore shall be available for installation, inspection and maintenance
only from the front, however all equipment mounted inside the LV SWB shall be readily accessible and
facilitate the replacement without disassembly of adjacent elements are not affected.
The switchboards must be sufficiently solid and rigid to guarantee their correct operation immediately after
commissioning without any further need for leveling and settings by the supplier.
The structure of the switchboard must be made with uprights in profiled steel and closing panels in galvanized
sheet steel with a nominal thickness of not less than 20/10.
LV SWB design must ensure a safe and effective dissipation of the heat produced by equipment, without a
significant performance degradation. The heat dissipation shall be in natural ventilation.
For each section at least 10% of the spare and empty space must be provided for future insertions without
modification.
On each AC emergency section and AC uninterrupted section have to be installed an earth fault protection
devices with auxiliary contacts for alarms.
7.3.2.2. Segregation requirements
LV SWB must meet the following segregation requirements:
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The switchboard construction form shall be 3b considering the following component assemblies as
functional units:
incoming sections
The individual compartments must be made so that they can be divided into the following areas,
segregated from each other:
main and branch bus-bar area;
cabling area, for the passage of power and control cables going out of the switchboard, of
adequate dimensions for cables to be easily connected to the terminals, complete with brackets
to support the cables;
cabling area, for the filed bus cables, suitably segregated from the power and control cable zones,
in order to avoid electromagnetic interference;
Cubicle switches powered from the same section (This means that within each of the aforementioned
sections, except for the incoming circuit breakers, no segregation is required between the various
functional units making up the section itself, for example; between the various distribution circuit
breakers). Therefore distributions outgoing sections can be 2b segregation form.
The segregation of the above-mentioned areas and compartments shall be made so as to ensure that any
short circuits in one zone or in one compartment reduce damage to the adjacent compartments and to the
adjacent areas.
The switchboard incoming cables shall be connected to an appropriate cable termination compartment,
segregated from the other compartments, containing the bus-bars connected to the incoming circuit breaker
of the LV SWB.
7.3.2.3. Circuit breakers
The users of each LV SWB shall be individually protected against short-circuit and overload by means of
magnetothermic, magnetic and/or differential magnetothermic circuit breakers. Fuse protections are allowed
only on the auxiliary circuits.
AC normal and emergency section
Incoming circuit breakers:
Type four-pole, molded-case
Protection type adjustable thermal, fixed magnetic
Command type motorized
Accessories aux contacts (position and trip),
mechanical interlock
AC uninterrupted section
Incoming and Bus-coupling circuit breakers:
Type two-pole, moulded-case
Protection type adjustable thermal, fixed magnetic
Command type manual
Accessories aux contacts (position and trip),
mechanical interlock
The front part of the switchboard will be made up of modular panels provided with slots around the circuit-
breakers installed so as to guarantee the operation of all the circuit-breakers directly from the front without
access to energized parts closer to the switch elements to be maneuvered.
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7.3.3. TESTS
LV SWB must be tested in compliance with IEC 61439-1 and 61439-2.
7.3.3.1. Type tests
It being understood that LV SWB must be a “standardized series production”, the supplied LV SWB and any
its component must already be type tested in compliance with the relevant applicable IEC standard.
The Supplier must deliver the test certificates corresponding to the “standardized series production”.
7.3.3.2. Factory Acceptance Tests
LV SWB must be always submitted to routine tests as per chapter 11 of IEC 61439-1.
The following routine test must be provided:
Power-frequency withstand test
Degree of protection of enclosures
Clearances and creepage distances
Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
Incorporation of built-in components
Internal electrical circuits and connections
Terminals for external conductors
Mechanical operation
Funtional tests.
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Execution of the opening and closing maneuvers of breakers and disconnectors, to be performed
locally (by local) and by distance ;
Check of all electrical and mechanical interlocks (if any);
Check of all remote commands (if any);
Check of the correct position of the auxiliary contacts in all positions of the main maneuvering
elements;
Check of Alarms operation;
Check settings of all protections installed, overload and short circuit.
Verify Automatic Transfer Switch settings and operation of control devices, set all relays and timers
if not already setted, perform manual and automatic transfer tests, verify correct operation and timing.
The contractor shall also verify all commands and signals consequent to the trip of each protection
toward relevant SCADAs.
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Instrument Scope M A T
Thermostat water high temperature X
Thermostat water very high temperature X
Pressureswitch water low pressure X
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The board will contain the main breaker and the battery charger. The battery will be installed in a suitable
box acid resistant. The amount of hydrogen free must be considered for hazardous area extension
calculation.
On the board front will be installed the instruments, the selectors for local command and remote selection.
Furthermore will be installed the HMI LCD display to set and read the alarms.
All systems will be self supplied from the board with the exclusion of the preheating system, and the battery
chargers that will be supplied from one external line.
The electrical board will be equipped with a four-pole circuit breaker sized in relation to the power of the
generator.
7.4.4. TESTS
The tests specified in this section are intended as being subdivided into the following categories:
type tests
routine tests
7.4.4.1. Type tests
It being understood that DG Set must be a “standardized series production”, the supplied DG Set and any its
component must already be type tested in compliance with the relevant applicable IEC STD.
The Supplier must deliver the test certificates corresponding to the “standardized series production”.
Including the main equipment:
Electric board
Generator
DG Set
7.4.4.2. Factory Acceptance Tests
The routine test shall be performed on all DG sets of the supply, main components and accessories.
In order to guarantee the full functionality of the DG set the following test will be performed:
Two hours of running at rated capacity, checking motor and generator temperatures.
Stating time checking
Reliability of the stating sequence. The complete system including battery will be performed up to 10
consecutive start-ups.
Test of stability at continuous operation at full load.
Test of transient load-steps.
Temperature rise test of generator windings.
Control and monitoring panel board testing: dielectric and functional tests.
7.4.4.3. Site Acceptance Test
In site during commissioning phases, the Supplier must carry out the following routine test all the necessary
tests for setting up the generating sets and associated auxiliaries.
These tests must include at least the following:
Check of correct installation of equipment and fuel tank.
Check of all power, auxiliary and command connections (electrical continuity, consistency with the
circuit diagrams and the correct labeling)
Check of commands and remote signalling.
Check setting of protection, regulation and calibration values as per constructor sheet of settings;
Insulation resistance and applied voltage test for the power and control circuits installed
Check the correct interface with the boundary systems.
During first power on the contractor shall verify:
Phase rotation sequence check.
right voltage level between phases and grounding,
check consistency to datasheet parameters
check of operation in Manual and Automatic ways
Check correctness of functionality of local panel, including all external connection. Functional test
shall be checked also by remote panels where installed
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Check proper intervention, in operating conditions, of all the control devices and all operation logics
Check the battery to allow at least 10 power on consecutively.
Leakage tests of fuel pipes
Operating check on all auxiliary systems.
Test for over-speed protection tripping
Test, real or simulated, of all actions that can cause an alarm and/or a trip of the DG set
Functional test
Test for observing characteristics with slow variation of load
Tests for observing characteristics with acceptance and rapid variation of load
Vibration tests
Characteristics with slow variation of load
Measurement of acoustic pressure level
DC SYSTEM
The primary function of the DC system is to ensure continuity of a power source to the systems that perform
a controlling, monitoring, protecting and safeguarding function.
For main HV Substations, one or two redundant DC system are required depending on the complexity of the
configuration. In this document the most complete supply and the related functional, design and construction
characteristics are considered. The specification and basic design provide by Enel will define the quantities
of each system required for the HV Substation.
The DC system concept is a dual configuration (rectifier-battery-distribution board) feeds separately and
segregated n. 2 DC section equipped with its own distribution busbar in order to avoid any common fault
condition.
The parallel operation of the DCs section on with closed bus-tie is expected in the event of anomaly of a
rectifier or the maintenance of a battery. Then under normal operating conditions, the rectifiers will not work
in parallel while under the above conditions this will be allowed. Therefore, a key interlock between the 2
battery power supplies and the bus tie must be provided (interlock logic: 2 out of 3 switches can be closed).
The rectifiers are sized considering the scenario of one half DC system is offline:
100% of the total continuous DC redundant loads.
100% of total continuous DC loads (not redundant).
Battery charging load, when battery is complete discharged.
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DC bus-tie (Q3):
Type moulded-case, disconnector switch
Command type manual
Accessories auxiliary contact; mechanical interlock
DISTRIBUTION BOARDS
Reference standard IEC 61439-1
Protection degree ≥ IP31
Internal protection degree ≥ IP20
Mechanical protection impact degree of MV panel for
IK08
outdoor installation
Segregation form for distribution circuit breaker
2b
compartment
DC feeder outgoings distribution:
Type >63A moulded-case; ≤63A modular
Protection type Only magnetic (thermal protection setting not
Command type sensible)
Accessories manual
auxiliary contact; mechanically lockable
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In normal operation mode each one of the two redundant rectifier modules shall be feed the own loads and
maintain in fully charged condition the battery.
The rectifier shall be rated to recharge a battery to 100% within 10 hours following a discharge at rated load
for the specified autonomy time, and at the same time feed the total loads of the HV-Substation.
7.5.1.2. Battery sizing
The battery arrangement will be in dual system, both batteries will be sized to meet the continuous load of
the most heavily loaded battery and the tripping load of the entire substation, therefore they will be dual but
not 100% redundant. Both battery packages will have the same rated capacity, this capacity will correspond
to the worst case of load profile.
Battery must be sized to power the loads of its DC section for a maximum period of time conventionally set
equal to 8 hours considering the following sequence of load profile:
1º Permanent loads (redundant and not redundant)
2º One minute of peak load (redundant and not redundant)
3º 10 cycles (open close) of operation to all HV and MV breakers.
Main redundant loads to be considered:
- MV switchgear circuit breakers, protection and control circuits.
- RTU and centralized substation control units.
- Switches for communication architecture.
- UPS inverters (if single unit desired)
Main non redundant loads to be considered:
- HV Circuit Breaker and Switches control and protection circuits.
- HV Circuit Breaker and Switches motor feeders.
- HV System A protection, control and monitoring.
- HV System B protection, control and monitoring.
The rated capacity of the battery must be calculated considering that at the end of his life (15 years) has to
ensure the delivery of the load profile with a residual capacity higher than 80%.
The size calculation must be performed in accordance with IEEE 485
In the sizing calculation the following coefficients must be considered:
Kdesign project margin equal to 1.10
Ktemp temperature margin in accordance with the indications of the IEEE 485 standard.
Kaging aging margin equal to 1 if an EuroBat duration life certification is presented for at least 15 years
long-life.
(Note: K combination of Kaging and Ktemp must be equal or higher than 1.25.)
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7.5.2.1. Rectifier
The rectifiers shall be static type equipped with a stabilized fully controlled 6 pulse heavy duty thyristor
rectifier bridge complete with an isolation input transformer for best immunity to mains disturbance and
galvanic isolation to the DC branch and power supply unit for the signalling and control equipment.
Each rectifier shall be equipped with a suitable protection device against overvoltage coming from the plant
network.
The rectifier shall operate according to the constant voltage, current limiting principle (IU characteristic) and
shall incorporate a soft-start feature to gradually accept load on initial energizing.
The rectifier shall restart automatically upon restoration of the mains power supply following a supply
interruption with a programmable delay for co-ordinated start-up.
The rectifier shall perform battery charging at the following rate:
Float charge
Automatic regular boost charge
The float charge is the normal charge condition of the battery. The rectifier maintain in fully charged condition
the battery during normal operation.
Also the automatic regular boost charge condition shall be possible with rectifier in normal operation. This
function shall be automatic or manual mode.
The rectifier shall initially operate according to the constant current and with increase voltage into to achieve
floating voltage value and then it shall operate according to the constant voltage and with decreasing current
into to achieve the corresponding value of full charge battery condition.
The rectifier shall restore normal operation condition automatically.
In accordance with operational maintenance manual of the battery supplier, the rectifier shall also be capable
of performing the treatment charge battery. In this condition, the battery and the rectifier will be disconnected
of the load. The rectifier shall operate increasing the voltage into the value indicate by manufacturer and
limiting the battery current to the maximum admissible value as specified by the battery supplier. The rectifier
shall be provided with a blocking circuit which prevents the manual passage to the treatment charge battery
condition if the battery and the rectifier have not been separated from the loads.
In float charge and automatic regular boost charge conditions the rectifier shall be capable to supply the rated
current during voltage variation output range.
In treatment charge condition and for voltage value upper than automatic regular boost charge voltage limit,
the rectifier could be supply a current less than rated current.
The rectifiers shall be equipped with a device which limits the maximum charge current of the batteries.
The rectifiers will be equipped with a protection device, active in float charge and automatic regular boost
charge conditions, which disconnects them from the power supply in the case of accidental rises of the
rectified voltage. The exact voltage charge rate and current limit values for each battery will be specified by
the battery supplier.
Harmonic voltage factor limit (HVF) and harmonic current limit (HCF) of the AC power supply caused by
interaction of distorting rectifier loads shall be not exceeding the following values:
HVF ≤0,02 during the normal operation condition with the system at full load
HVF ≤0,02 and HCF ≤0,05 during the emergency condition when DC system is powered by DG Set
This values shall be achieved without to adding active or passive filter at the mains input. However the
Manufacturer could be adopt, on input transformer, different transformer vector group to compensate the
total harmonic current values produced by the rectifiers.
The rectifier shall be self-protected against load peaks exceeding their rectifier rated current under normal
functioning conditions. They shall be equipped of current limiting circuit.
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Each thyristor shall be protected against the short circuits with extra-fast fuses.
Temperature compensation of the battery charging voltage shall be provided for the rectifier. The temperature
sensor shall be located in the centre of battery rack and shall adjust the rectifier output voltage in line with
the battery manufactures’ recommendations. Temperature compensation shall also be considered in case of
sustained ambient temperature variations in excess of plus or minus 5°c.
Each rectifier units shall be provided with online battery current measuring which monitoring the battery
charge current value.
7.5.2.2. Batteries
Lead acid accumulator batteries must be of the stationary type of the sealed type VLRA type OPzV with
electrolyte fixed in gel or NI-Cd type
The batteries will be identified with the discharge capacity in 10 hours according to the provisions of the IEC
EN 60896-1 Standard. In case of select Ni-Cd standard applicable will be IEC 60623.
For each charging condition, the supplier must specify the exact value of the voltage selected in each
operating condition referred to the temperature of 20 ° C.
The batteries must be able to withstand without damage, or premature aging, the alternating components of
the current supplied by the rectifiers to which they are connected.
The batteries and in particular the connections will be sized in such a way as to withstand without damage
the maximum short circuit current at their terminals which is not interrupted by any protection and interruption
device.
The connections between the elements must be made so that the voltage drops measured between the ends
of the poles of two contiguous elements for a current delivered equal to 0.2 C10 does not exceed 12 mV.
7.5.2.3. DC distribution board
The front part of the distribution board will be made up of modular panels provided with slots around the
circuit-breakers installed so as to guarantee the operation of all the circuit-breakers directly from the front
without the obligation to open panels and/or doors.
Particular care shall be taken in the engineering of the DC distribution board in order to ensure a safe and
effective dissipation of the heat produced by equipment, without a significant performance degradation. The
heat dissipation shall be in natural ventilation.
For each section at least 10% of the spare and empty space must be provided for future insertions without
modification.
7.5.2.4. Measurements, protections and instrumentation
The rectifier shall incorporate all the necessary equipment to enable operation, protection, alarm and control
of each single main equipment in accordance with this specification and to safeguard the unit and its
components from the consequences of internal and external short circuit, overvoltage and any main control
circuit malfunctions, howsoever caused.
Remote sending of measurements, equipment status signals and alarms shall be possible both via hardwired
by free contact or transducer signal and via a serial or Ethernet connection.
The list of the type signals and the minimum signals required is specified below.
A raised synoptic board shall be realized on the front of the DC system board, including all the manoeuvring
devices, each of which shall be marked with a plate showing the identification code.
7.5.2.4.1. Status indication
At least the following indications, shall be provided to enable verification of the operational status.
Control signals Serial HW
Rectifier input supply available X
Rectifier ON X
Rectifier in stand-by X
Rectifier in float charge X
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On all power supply units of the AC which are not controlled by voltmeters, the presence of voltage will be
indicated by two red multileds.
The float charge battery current measure instrument shall be able to provide, with adequate precision:
the measurement of the current absorbed by the battery in float charge condition
a signal for zero current that, with battery in service, will indicate the condition of battery disconnected or
rectifier out of service. The alarm shall be available by means a fail-safe output relay.
7.5.2.4.3. Protection and alarm
The status of the alarm and protection functions shall be visually locally and their remote sending shall be
separate.
Where not integrated into the control logic, the protective function shall be realized with high-reliability
dedicated relays.
The following alarm and protection functions shall be provided as a minimum:
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7.5.4.2.1. Rectifier
The rectifiers shall be workshop tested and verified in accordance with standard IEC 60146-1. The tests
applicable shall be at least the following:
Verification of the type and characteristics of the materials and identification
Visual and dimensional check
Painting check
Degree of protection check
Mechanical functioning tests on all CB and check on inter-blocks
Interconnection and wiring cable check
Grounding connection check
Insulation resistance tests
Power frequency dielectric strength test of all the circuits
Rectifier control system check
Rectifier protection devices check
Functional test with verification of alarms, signals, measurements and protections.
Verification of the floating charge, automatic boost charge and deep charge functions.
Measurement of the ripple
Static stability test
Dynamic stability test
Verification of the maximum output current
Shall be supplied the certificates of compliance with the EMC as per IEC 61000-6-2 and IEC 61000-6-4 as
well as the applicable points in IEC 62040-2.
7.5.4.2.2. Distribution boards
The distribution board shall be workshop tested and verified in accordance with standard IEC 61439. The
tests applicable shall be at least the following:
Visual, dimensional and paint check
Dielectric tests.
Degree of protection of enclosures.
Functional tests.
7.5.4.3. Commissioning
7.5.4.3.1. Battery
Visual check
Check of the correct tightening of all bolts of bars and connections;
Check of battery total voltage level (Open Circuit Voltage);
Check, for each element, the density of the electrolyte (according with battery type)
7.5.4.3.2. Rectifier
Inspections:
Check of connections to ground;
Check setting of protections of switch;
Check settings of charging parameters corresponding to: Float, Deep and Buffer charge
Switching from Deep to Buffer
Switching from Buffer to Deep
Check setting of protections and any associated delays like: DC low /high voltage and DC max
current
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After the above mentioned activities, the contractor shall place the battery in charge mode and during this
phase, shall verify that the general distribution switch is kept in conditions of open/sectioned, in order to
avoid damages to the devices due to an excessive increase of the voltage of battery.
At the end of charge the contractor shall verify:
The electrolyte level, topping up if necessary (according to the type of battery)
The electrolyte density, operating corrections if necessary (according to the type of battery)
The contractor shall then place the battery in floating charge, checking the set parameters or
adjust them if necessary.
Check the correct switching of the different phases of the Battery Charge
Set the definitive calibration values operating on the releases of the circuit breakers.
Check the electrolyte level, Electrolite density and temperature
AC UNINTERRUPTED SYSTEM
The primary function of the AC uninterrupted system (UPS) of HV Substation is to ensure the power to the
user of security services and vital systems that perform control, monitoring, protection both in presence and
absence of the main voltage, with stabilized voltage and frequency.
The system will be implemented using the DC system as the main power supply to a static inverter double
redundant configuration. In some Substations that if not critical to provide 100% dual redundancy, only one
inverter-static_bypass can be installed. This approach will be implemented by extracting the UPS-2 module
from the SLD attached below.
The UPS system will be composed of double static inverter-static bypass-switch modules which will powered
the relative AC subdistribution section.
The design and manufacturing process of the UPS system would be managed by the same provider as the
DC system in such a way to integrate both systems in one set of cabinets with a common frame structure.
The simplified diagram of the required UPS system is shown in the figure below:
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UPS system shall be sized for 100% of the total loads of the HV Substation.
The two redundant inverter modules where, in normal operation mode, only one shall be feed the AC loads.
The other one shall ready for switch over without voltage transient (cero crossing). Both the inverter shall
have the same priority and everyone shall be capable to supply the 100% of the total load.
There shall be no common components for both inverter blocks with the exception of the AC output where
the distribution bus bar will be only one for both. Each individual inverter module shall be operate similarly to
a standalone single system.
The inverter duty shall be to convert DC back to AC. A static switch connects or disconnects the inverter
stage to the UPS output.
The bypass mains input shall be linked via a matching transformer to a second static switch, which will be
normally open and leading to the UPS output.
The inverter shall be constantly synchronised to the its own bypass voltage as long as the voltage quality will
be sufficient.
This shall be allowed uninterrupted changeover from inverter to emergency bypass source in case of heavy
overload, inverter malfunction or if requested by operating personnel.
An additional, segregated manual make-before-break switch (on-load isolator selector switch), shall be
allowed a smooth transfer of the critical load to the emergency bypass supply and vice versa. This mainly
during maintenance and repair activities where a de-energised inverter part will be mandatory for safety
reason.
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Transfer time ≤5 ms
Thyristor reverse pick voltage ≥1200V
Emergency bypass section:
Reference standard of the transformer IEC 60076-11
Bypass power transformer type dry type with screen
Primary phases three-phases
Secondary phases single-phase with neutral
Rated power 2*inverter rating power
Rated voltage:
- Primary side 400V ±2x2.5%
- Secondary side 230V
Short circuit impedance 4% (75°C)
Maximum overload 120% for 10 minutes
Isolation class H
Cooling system natural
Manual bypass selector switch type Manually operated make-before-break switch,
single-phase, module case
Rated current 2*inverter rated current
Circuit breakers
DC incoming inverter:
Type moulded-case, disconnector switch
Command type manual
Accessories auxiliary contact
AC output inverter:
Type moulded-case, disconnector switch
Command type manual
Accessories auxiliary contact
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7.6.2.4.2. Measurement
At least the following measures shall be visually:
Measures Comm HW
Inverter 1/2 input voltage X
Inverter 1/2 input current X
Inverter 1/2 output voltage X
Inverter 1/2 output frequency X
Inverter 1/2 output current X
Emergency bypass transformer output voltage X
On all power supply units of the AC which are not controlled by voltmeters, the presence of voltage will be
indicated by two red multileds.
7.6.2.4.3. Protection and alarm
The status of the alarm and protection functions shall be visually locally and their remote sending shall be
separate. Where not integrated into the control logic, the protective function shall be realized with high-
reliability dedicated relays. The following alarm and protection functions shall be provided as a minimum:
(*) Trip means to open static transfer switch, switch in stand-by operation the inverter
7.6.3. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
7.6.3.1. UPS board
The UPS boards shall be installed in more freestanding, self-supporting steel cabinets forming an enclosure.
The construction design shall be divided in:
1. Inverter board with following equipment:
Input DC disconnector switch and multiled voltage indications
Inverter and output isolation transformer
AC inverter output disconnector switch
Automatic STS including the inverter static switch section
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Auxiliary inverter compartment including the Control Unit, voltage measuring transformers and
measure instruments
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7.6.4.4. Commissioning
7.6.4.4.1. Inverter
Inspections
Check of connections to ground;
Check setting of protections of switch;
Check setting of protections and any associated delays like: AC low/high voltage and max current
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The cables shall be in accordance to standard IEC 60502-1. The cables shall be “fire retardant” type
according, to IEC 60332-3 category “C” or IEC 60332-2 category “A”, low emission of toxic and corrosive
fumes according to IEC 61034 or halogen free according to IEC 60754.
The cables shall be in in compliance to following main technical characteristics:
Conductor: plain annealed flexible copper conductor according to IEC 60228 class 5.
Insulation: hard grade ethylene propylene rubber compound (HEPR) or in alternative cross-linked
polyethylene (XLPE) according to IEC 60502-1 Standard.
Filler (only for Multicores cables): the three insulated cores shall be laid up with non-hygroscopic
fillers extruded compound (halogen free for cables with M1 over-sheat). The fillers material shall be
suitable to allow a continuous operation of the cable conductor temperature of 90°C.
Armouring (if required): The armouring shall be metallic and will consist in a double galvanized steel
tapes.
Over-sheat: the over-sheat shall consist of a special thermoplastic compound ST2 (PVC) or, if
required, the over-sheat shall be made of thermoplastic compound ST8 type halogen free, according
to IEC 60502-1.
The PVC compound shall be fire retardant (according to IEC 60332-3-24) and low emission of toxic and
corrosive fumes (according to IEC 61034-2).
The amount of halogen acid gas evolved during combustion of PVC material shall be less than 15%, using
test stated on IEC 61034-2.
The over-sheat thermoplastic compound M1 type will have the amount of halogen acid gas evolved during
combustion of material less than 0,3% (halogen free), using test stated on IEC 60754-1.
7.7.2. LOW VOLTAGE CONTROL CABLES
The service application of this type of cables is for the following with the minimum cross sections of the
conductor:
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Current and Potential transformer secondary circuits, for protection relaying and metering. 6mm2
for current and 4mm2 for voltage circuits.
Digital signals DC and AC polarity. 1mm2
Analog signals in range of mA and mV. 1mm2
Temperature probes signals RTD and PT100 or similar.1mm2
The technical characteristics will be the same as indicated in the above chapter for LV power cables including
the following additional elements:
Individual screen: Applicable for single pair/traid and multi pair/triad. The individual screen on each
pair, triad, or six cores shall be formed by an aluminium tape bonded to a polyester tape helically or
longitudinally wound over the conductors with an overlap of approx. 25% in order to assure a total
coverage during bending. The thickness of the tapes are established by the technical norm of
reference. In contact with the metallic part is applied a tinned copper drain wire. Other tapes of
polyester or other material can be used as screening components.
Collective screen: The collective screen shall be formed by a copper wire braid with at list coverage
screen of 80%. Applicable to all type of control cables.
The collective screen will be connected to earth at both sides of the cable ends, in order to prevent capacitive
and inductive interferences.
INSTALLATION WORKS
All the activities concern the LV system installation will be performed by contractor in order to realize the
system fully function in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and in accordance with any
directions from the representative Owner.
The Contractor will be in charge, but no limited, for the following activities:
- Supply and storage of all equipment in his Scope of Work;
- Installation of all equipment as per (issued for construction) drawings;
- Laying and connection of all LV, controlling, metering and signals cables.
All equipment needs to be handled in order to guarantee the installation in approved position and in particular
keeping distance between the perimeter walls.
All the equipment must be labelled according project indication.
The cables can be laid inside plastic sleeves, down floating floor or in overhead cable rack as per approved
design. Anyway, the laying must be realized in order to assemble the secondary circuit following a unique
criteria (a.e. equipment, functional service, etc).
After the laying inside the sleeves or in aperture outside/inside the sealing with approved product must be
realize.
All cable, after laid, must be:
- Wired as per approved drawings
- Terminated and connected with a correct connector as per type of electrical terminal block;
- Fixed with a correct clamp;
- Identified and marked with a label at both side;
- Tested the electrical connection of each conductor
- All shield must be grounded by correct connector
No junction/derivation are allowed outside of special junction boxes
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ANSI/IEEE Std. 80-2000 “IEEE guide for safety in A.C. substation grounding”
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structures and equipment in contact with the ground and metallically connected to the earthing
network (natural earthing electrode);
earthing networks outside the substation perimeter but metallically connected (for example, the earth
wires of the lines or, in the case of power plants, the earthing network of the power plant area (hydro-
solar-geo-wind…), located at a certain distance from the substation.
The Earthing System specified in this supply must be designed, manufactured and tested in compliance with
EN 50522. The IEEE standards will be used as reference.
The supplier will verify, for each supply, the compliance of the Technical Specification with the reference
standard of the country of destination (differences between IEC\EN Standard with Country
Standard/legislation in force).
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k) determine if transferred potentials present a hazard outside or inside the electrical power installation.
If yes, proceed with mitigation at exposed location;
l) determine if low voltage equipment is exposed to excessive stress voltage. If yes, proceed with
mitigation measures, which can include separation of HV and LV earthing systems;
m) determine if the circulating transformer neutral current can lead to excessive potential differences
between different parts of the earthing system. If yes, proceed with mitigation measures;
Once the above criteria have been met, the design can be refined, if necessary, by repeating the above
steps. Detailed design is necessary to ensure that all exposed conductive parts, are earthed. Extraneous
conductive parts shall be earthed, if appropriate.
All substations earthing systems design has to consider the following requirements:
Earthing systems must be designed to have 100% availability for the life of the substation.
Underground conductors of the earthing system require strenghth without needing to be bent and
must be bare cooper with minimum cross section of 185mm2 and maximum design temperature of
250ºC including joints.
The risers from the buried earthing grid to the substation equipment will be protected with vertical
PVC conduits in order to minimized surface corrosion in contact with concrete.
The depth for the earthing buried grid must be 800mm below substation finishing layer level.
Step and Touch potential determination will consider the slowest protection operating time.
Risers wires should be capable of withstanding the worst case fault scenario.
Equipotential bounding is required for all not carrying current exposed metallic elements: metallic
fences, lighting poles, lighting masts, metallic kioks, metallic trench covers, etc.
Earthing connection through direct risers from the buried grid to current carrying electrical equipment
structures should provide at least two independent connections.
Main tanks, Boxes and other accessories attached directly to the main structures of the Primary
equipment as HV Circuit Breakers, Current Transfomers, etc, should be earthed connected by
extension of one of the risers that connects the main structure.
Earthing switches and surge arresters should include an extension copper conductor from one base
riser connection to the earth switch blade and surge arrester earthing terminal.
Exothermic welding connections will be used for buried grounding grid thus bolted and brazed ones
only be used for above ground.
Metallic fences will be earthed to the main grid or their own grid according with the design and layout
arrangement. Gates-posts, direction changes and straight lines every four posts should be earthed,
extensions with cooper conductor should be applied to connect border metallic wires on the top of
the fences.
The preliminary design should be performed without consider surface treatment and fault current
flowing though the earth wires of the overhead lines connected to the Substation. Then a process of
optimization can be implemented.
Surface treatment will consist in a surface finish layer of gravel tested to an electrical resistivity equal
or higher than 3000 Ω m. The use of asphaltic bitumen can be required inside the substation.
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The design of the earth grid should include a minimum number of vertical rods (electrodes) in the
corners of the buried grid, minimum length of 3 meters.
In general a buried bare cooper conductor ring should be installed one meter outside the substation
perimeter fence, connected in several points to the fence and with buried connections to the main
grid, accordingly with the design. The depth and cross section of the conductor will be the same as
the main grid, and can be considered part of the dissipation surface to ground.
All cable trenches and conduits should be provided with a parallel earthing conductor, with the same
cross section as the main grid. This conductor will be bare type for trenches and insulated with PVC
when conduits are used. In both cases should be connected to the main grid in several points along
the cable ways (bare conductor connected to each crossing point with the main buried grid and
isolated conductor connected to the earthing bounding plates provided in the cable pits) , and at both
ends. The function of this parallel conductor is to provide a path for any stray fault current and
electromagnetic shielding.
The structural earth electrode shall be bonded and form part of the earthing system. If not bonded,
verification is necessary to ensure that all safety requirements are met.
Metallic structures with cathodic protection may be separated from the earthing system. Precautions
such as labelling shall be taken to ensure that when such measures are taken, maintenance work or
modifications will not inadvertently nullify them.
The Simulation Study must be performed with tested and certified software like CYMGRD Release 6.5 or
superior (CYME Software Company) or similar calculation software.
The use of mathematical models such as CYMGRD is always advisable, especially in special cases such as
earthing networks that are particularly asymmetric or with different depths, or when ground resistivity is not
uniform and it is therefore necessary to use a two-layer model with two different resistivity levels.
Manual calculation should be reserved for particularly straightforward cases only with fixed-pitch electrodes
and uniform ground, such as earthing networks in areas outside the power plant with independent earthing
networks, for example.
The calculation process of the earthing system is resume in the following steps:
Input Data
Short Circuit Calculation: xx,x kA Single Phase.
Time to eliminate the fault: 0,xx s.
According EN 50522 Figure 4 (Permissible touch voltage) ≤260V;
Soil Resistivity ( According previous Study of the plant soil in different Areas):
o Model with a soil with two level of resistivity
o Ρ1=xxxOhhm x m (1st level - up)
o Ρ1=xxx Ohm x m (2nd level - down)
Definition of touch and contact voltage according EN 50522 Annex B considering:
o Resistance of Footwear
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Horizontal earth electrodes are preferably buried at a depth of 0,5 m to 1 m below ground level. This gives
sufficient mechanical protection. It is recommended that the earth electrode is situated below the frost line.
In the case of vertical driven rods, the top of each rod will usually be situated below ground level. Vertical or
inclined driven rods are particularly advantageous when the soil resistivity decreases with depth.
Metal frameworks, earthed in accordance with this standard, which form a construction unit, may be used
as an earthing conductor to earth parts which are directly fixed to this framework. Consequently, the
whole framework shall have a sufficiently conductive cross- section and the joints shall be conductively and
mechanically reliable. Precautions shall be taken to avoid part of the framework becoming disconnected from
the earthing system when temporary dismantling takes place. Large frameworks shall be connected to the
earthing system in a sufficient number of points.
Where construction work involves an existing earthing system, protective measures shall be taken to ensure
the safety of persons during fault conditions.
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Indigenous soil, which is hostile to the electrode metal used, should be replaced by a suitable backfill.
In any case, the backfilling must be done as per earth study indication.
The earth electrodes have to be resistant to corrosion and should not be liable to contribute to galvanic cells.
The joints used to assemble rods shall have the same mechanical strength as the rods themselves and
should resist mechanical stresses during driving. When different metals, which form galvanic cells that might
cause galvanic corrosion, have to be connected, joints shall be protected by durable means against contact
with electrolytes in their surroundings.
Joints shall not become loose and shall be protected against corrosion. When different metals, forming
galvanic cells that can cause galvanic corrosion, have to be connected, joints shall be protected by durable
means against any contact with electrolytes in their surroundings.
Suitable connectors shall be used to connect the earthing conductor to the earth electrode, to the main earth
terminal and to any metallic part. The use of test link chambers can be helpful.
In constructing the earthing system, joints between metallic materials having different electrochemical
potentials must be avoided.
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The earthing network must be buried underground at a variable depth between 0.5 m and 1 m.
A peripheral collector ring must be constructed around each building of the Substation at a distance range
between 1 m and 5 m and interconnected with the rest of the electrode at a number of points.
Protection conductors must be laid so as to achieve the shortest possible path, generally not exceeding 5 m.
Earthing collectors must be placed centrically with respect to the equipment to be connected and must be
connected to the electrode at two or more points.
The earthing connection for reinforcement rods of reinforced concrete construction works (natural earthing
electrode) should be made by binding weldable iron rods to the reinforcements, to which the earthing
conductors will be connected, as indicated in the earthing system typical detail drawings.
Foundations in reinforced concrete which are completely buried underground can be considered already
earthed and therefore do not need the above-indicated connection.
Where possible metallic equipment buried or immersed in water, if protected by a cathode protection system,
should not be connected to the electrode.
In the case of metallic fencing, the following precautions must be taken when using this solution:
the earthing connection of the fencing, made with an underground perimetric conductor (or pickets)
following the line of the fencing, or external to it at a distance of approximately 1 m, must be separate
from the intentional electrode.
the fencing must also be electrically isolated into a number of sections (for example every 20m).
if necessary, the surface resistivity of the ground must be increased by placing layers of crushed
stone or asphalt along and, above all, externally to the fencing.
Earthing connection of underground cable sheathing
The metallic sheathing of any underground cables must be connected to earth to avoid dangerous
overvoltages.
The earthing connection of the sheathing itself must be sized for the maximum foreseeable earth current.
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The use of steel support structures for the connection is permitted on condition that the available section has
a resistance lower than that of a standard section copper conductor and that the connections are adequately
sized and do not have additional resistance due to paint, rust, etc.
Where connection is possible, the contribution of the earth wires can be considered in the earthing design
for the utilizer plant. Obviously, as earth wires are involved, it is mandatory a safety checking on the returning
earth fault current for the first poles of the plant’s incoming lines with regards to contact voltage; in short, it is
necessary to check the step and contact voltages near to the supports, adequately improving the earthing
electrodes of the first supports if these voltages are above the permitted safety limits (See following figure).
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In addition, it is important to consider that hazardous voltages transferred outside the plant limits could also
encounter metallic conductors that are not necessarily connected to the power plant’s earthing system, but
which happen to pass in proximity to the earthing electrode itself. (Interference of earthing system on external
metallic conductors).
Thus, it might be necessary to provide for the insertion of joints and/or isolating sections on these metallic
conductors as well after agreements are reached between the operator of the power plant’s electrical system
and that of the metallic parts that pass by.
It is necessary to specify that if voltage levels greater than the safety ones permitted by regulations are
encountered, the exact number of insulated joints to insert and the relevant distance between them shall be
based both on design checks of the earthing system and on measurements made in situ.
As to medium voltage systems AC (6 kV, 10 kV, 11 kV, 15 kV, 20 kV, 30 kV, 33 kV, 34,5 kV,…),
these are able to support the phase to ground voltage for the maximum clearing time of protection
system. However, just for the cables, it is necessary to interrupt the shielding, and also the relative
armor if present (only for armored cables), along the path where the cables left the grounded area
(at a junction, for example) and connect the ends of the two shielding sections to earth.
With reference to low voltage systems AC (400 V AC), if the transformer that feeds the system has
the neutral connected to the local earthing electrode, there are no serious problems; otherwise, it is
necessary to carefully check the fault current to earth.
Another hazardous condition to be considered is that of a minimum fault to earth value for high
resistance capable of preventing any protections device from being triggered; in this case, it is
necessary to take the maximum non-triggering current on the power supply line into account and
report the voltages induced at the safety level of 65V.
In the typical case of powering external buildings and street lighting circuits (for roads and fences)
that extend significantly beyond the earthing network electrode, it is fundamental to interrupt the
electrical continuity of the system at the exit from the electrode itself by inserting an “isolating”
transformer (1:1 ratio), having a secondary isolated from the primary and connected to earth, and
sized for a test voltage of 8kV.
The isolating transformer shall be located within the perimeter of the electrode, connecting the
ground (casing) to this, while the neutral of its secondary shall be left insulated from earth.
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In any case a good generic safety rule when LV cables run outside the area of the earthing network
electrode is to interrupt electrical connectivity by inserting opportune insulating transformers with
standard specifications matching that specified above for road lighting circuits; obviously, if the
potential exceeds 8kV, the transformer shall be opportunely sized according to the planned electrical
potential and subsequently checked by measurements taken in the field.
With regards to cables for control and signaling systems, the problems related to hazardous voltages
transferred outside of the earthing network are more complex and should be examined case by case,
according to the type of circuit and possible voltages involved. Broadly speaking, the extension of
110 V DC, 220V DC and 127 V ac circuits up to 100-200m outside the earthing network should not
cause problems; the extension of lower voltage circuits outside of the network should be avoided.
If the cables outside of the earthing network were laid in metal conduits, these should be interrupted
at a number of points along the path by inserting masonry pits or, in alternative to pits, conduit trunks
made of an insulating material. (PVC or concrete).
Finally, in the case of telecommunications circuits, these should be protected by interrupting the
electrical continuity of the system leaving the plant limits by inserting opportune repeating coils, sized
for a test voltage of 8kV.
All exposed conductive parts which are part of the electrical system shall be earthed; in special
cases insulated zones shall be created.
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8.1.5.2.4. Pipes
Metallic pipes within the substation site should be connected to the substation earthing system.
The use of metallic pipes, for example water supplies, from outside the substation perimeter, should be
avoided and non-metallic materials or isolating joints should be used instead.
8.1.6. TESTING
8.1.6.1. General
Measurements shall be carried out after construction, where necessary, to verify the adequacy of the
design. Measurements may include the earthing system impedance, prospective touch and step voltages at
relevant locations and transferred potential, continuity test, if appropriate. When measuring touch and step
voltages under test conditions, e.g. current injection test, two choices are possible. Either measure the
prospective touch and step voltages using a high impedance voltmeter or measure the effective touch and
step voltages appearing across an appropriate resistance which represents the human body.
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It’s mandatory the measurements of the earthing impedance with Heavy current injection method.
A measurement of the grounding resistance of the system’s grounding mesh using the volt-
amperometric method with an injection of a high value current (in order to achieve the potential
measurable grounding values in a reliable way, given the conspicuous extension of the system being
tested) and however not less than 50A. The voltage values shall be taken at constant intervals
moving away from the system until the flex point of the voltage measured is reached (certain point
of no interference from the grounding mesh being tested and the total grounding voltage Ue is
reached). The distance between the grounding system being tested and the distant grounding
electrode should be at least about 5 times the maximum length (diagonally) of the area covered by
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entire grounding shape, and not be less than 5km. Different distances shall be agreed in advance
with Commissioning Manager.
A measurement of the step and touch voltages, where the value of the total grounding voltage Ue
exceeds the threshold set by existing regulations;
The touch and step voltages shall be checked throughout the grounding system’s area of influence,
paying particular attention at the most critical points (e.g. the farthest edges of the grounding system,
metal fences, adjacent systems such as MV/LV cabins, HV pylons with ground wires connected to
the grounding system of the ground conductor being tested). All the parameters resulting from the
aforementioned checks shall be entered onto an editable source file (excel worksheets or in an
equivalent format previously agreed with ENEL GPG).
Probe
IM: Test current (in general only the voltage and current module is determined)
IEM: Grounding current during the measurement (in this case not measurable directly)
rE: Reduction factor the line with respect to the distant ground bed
RES: Grounding resistance of the mesh grounded
RET: Grounding resistance of the support
UEM: Grounding voltage during measurements
USTM: Off-load touch & step voltage during current injection for measurements
At the end of the tests the Contractor shall provide the following documents:
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An alternating current with a constant value provided by a power source that is separated from the power
grid (for example with a double wound transformer) is passed between the ground electrode T and the current
probe T1, located at a distance from T such that the areas of influence d, of the two ground electrodes do
not overlap.
The current probe T1 shall be placed at a point that is sufficiently far away so that distancing it even further,
would vary the ground resistance in a way that is considered negligible.
The current probe T1 can be considered to be sufficiently far away when it is placed at a distance from the
boundary of T that is equal to approximately four times the maximum dimension of T: this, in the case where
T is a simple stake-type ground electrode, can be assumed to be equal to its length.
The voltage probe T2, that can be a metal stake driven into the ground, is located between T and T1 beyond
the area of influence of T and T1, allows the total grounding voltage to be measured.
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The grounding resistance is given by the relationship between the voltage measured between T and T2 and
the current that flows between T and T1. To check that the value of the grounding resistance is correct, two
further measurements are taken with the voltage probe T2 moved further away from and then closer to T
respectively by 6 meters. If the three measurements are substantially the same, the average of the three
readings is taken as the grounding resistance of grounding electrode T. If there is no agreement, the test is
repeated with an increased distance between T and T1. If the test is carried out with the current at an
industrial frequency, the total impedance of the voltmeter used shall be high (at least 200 Ω/V).
The following documents shall be produced once the tests have been completed:
A report on how the measurements were organized (method, instrumentation used and references
to the calibration certificates for the same)
A diagram of the test circuit
Values of impressed current test
Remote grounding electrode and conductor/line used
Single-phase grounding fault current and fault elimination time
Condition of ground during measurement
Table showing, be means of graph, the progress of the total grounding voltage detected in distancing
from the geometric center of the grounding mesh and the related carry over to the real grounding
fault current time.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
All installations, buildings or structures situated outdoors will be subject to possible atmospheric discharge,
whose frequency will depend on the site where the station is located.
Lighting protection system will provide effective shielding against direct lighting stroke in substations.
Effective shielding means that lightning strokes no greater than those of critical amplitude (with a design
margin), would be permitted to reach phase conductors.
The reference standard to be applied is the IEEE std998 Guide for Direct Stroke Shielding of Substations.
For general purpose and application to structures and buildings also is necessary to consider IEC 62305 1-
4 and NFPA 780.
8.2.1. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
8.2.1.1. HV and MV AIS switchgear
The “EGM-rolling sphere method” shall be considered when a protective area should be design in the
substations, AIS switchgear. The main parameters to be evaluated are the followings:
- Striking distance: relationship with the stroke current magnitude and a coefficient that considers
different distance ot the stroke to ground, to a mast or to a shield wire.
- Allowable stroke current: is the current flowing through the surge impedance “Zs” of the station bus
that produce the impulse critical flashover voltage (CFO). This impulse voltage can be translate to
BIL voltage as well.
- Withstand voltage of insulators strings: BIL values of station insulators.
The application of the EGM method will provide shielding for the equipment from all lightning strokes greater
than the “allowable stroke current”, therefore strokes with less amplitude are permitted to enter in the
protected zone since the equipment can withstand voltage below its BIL design level.
The design should consider separate calculation for each voltage level in the station using the appropriate
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BIL and surge impedance. At the voltage interface (transformers) the design should ensure that the lower
voltage equipment is protected by using the appropriate lower striking distance.
Application of this method involves rolling an imaginary sphere of radius S (striking distance) over substation
lightning terminals such as lighting masts, shield wires and metal support structures.
In order to define the striking distance, surge impedance and allowable stroke current is necessary to
determine first:
- Surge impedance will be calculate for each bus of a different height and conductor type.
- Allowable stroke current will decide considering as general rule 5kA for system voltages lower than
220kV and 10 kA for voltages equal or higher. In case of very low system voltages as MV AIS
switchgear should assign 2kA.
Then considering the coefficients applied to shield mast, wire mast or a combination of both the imaginary
sphere can be rolled over the lightning structures of the station in all directions and can determine if some
areas are protected by simply striking arcs over the drawing of the substation. Additional safety margins
should be consider in order to prevent from sinking between shield wires (if used) and touching equipment
to be protected.
8.2.1.2. Buildings and structures
Standard IEC 62305 1 to 4 will be the reference for the design of the lighting protection system (LPS) to be
considered. The level of protection will be LPL-I, therefore the rolling sphere method can be apply with this
statement.
And the lightning protection zone (LPZ) will be defined as follows:
- Outer areas, structures, buildings and fences will be LPZ0A
- Inner rooms and underground installations will be considered LPZ1
- Equipment (switchgear panels, aux transformers, LV distribution boards, etc) enclosed in areas of
LPZ1 with adequate LPS can be categorized as LPZ2.
Lighting protection zone concept (LPZ) and LPS is described in the following picture:
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The lightning protection system (LPS) object is to protect structures from both fire or mechanical damage
and living beings from injuries, will consist of an external and internal system:
- External system, composed by air termination, down conductor and earth termination system.
- Internal system, composed by surge protection system.
External system will be design as “Faraday cage” concept to create equipotential shield grid and paths to the
lightning strikes, and dissipate its energy into through the grounding grid.
Air terminations points will be Franklin type rod with separation not exceed 15 meters for 1 meter of rod
height, the use in combination with vertical rods of bare conductors providing aerial rings shall be considered
depending on the geometry of the structures and buildings.
Down conductors system will consist in at minimum two vertical lines per building at opposite corner sides
that connects the air termination rods to the earthing termination. Conductors will be bare copper, medium
hardness, braided and minimum cross section of 35mm2.
Earth termination system will consist in buried ring at the same depth as the grounding grid of the substation,
buried joins will be necessary to the grounding grid of the substation through exothermal welding process.
Internal system will foresee the installation of overvoltage limiters to protect equipment against direct
discharges and induced by lightning.
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9. CIVIL WORKS
HV-ESS CIVIL LAYOUT
As introduced in the section 4.3.3.1 Hydraulic Study, HV-ESS dedicated area may be:
1. Already identified without any possibility to be modified, (e.g. because of permit constraints);
2. Identified but with possibility to be changed in a certain zone;
3. To be defined within a certain possible area.
In any of these three cases, the Contractor shall ensure no flooding both; on HV-ESS platform and HV-ESS
access roads, providing reasonable mitigation design solutions and, in cases 2 and 3, choosing the area with
lowest level of ponding water. The most effective, cost-saving and time-saving solutions shall be adopted.
If preliminary studies have been carried out by ENEL and one of the three possible scenarios for the HV-
ESS location is already defined, the Contractor will assume this situation and will carry out all the
complementary studies to confirm this hypothesis and to guarantee the requirements defined in section 4.3.3.
The layout of the HV-ESS shall be defined in the electro-mechanical drawings, showing the position of the
main equipment, of the electrical trenches, of the supports, of the entrance, the internal roads, forecourts,
paved and dirty finishing, and the position and dimensions of the buildings.
The layout shall comply with ENEL basic design requirements.
In case other buildings, different than the control building, are needed in the HV-ESS area, such as O&M
buildings, the access to the HV area of the substation shall be adequately restricted.
The Contractor is responsible for the civil and structural design of all the elements and components defined
in the electro-mechanical drawings, such as equipment steel supports, towers, foundations, buildings,
trenches, underground works in general and every civil element necessary for the construction of the
substation as described in detail in the following sections.
A fire risk evaluation shall be implemented as soon as possible in the layout design to confirm that fire
protection recommendations have been evaluated according to this document, IEEE 979 or IEC 61936-1
depending on the Country of the project. For example it shall be taken in consideration the prevailing wind
direction, the separation of buildings, firefighting systems.
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9.2.1.1. Subgrade
Topsoil shall be removed and compaction shall be performed up to achieve 95% Normal Proctor. Additionally
ENEL may ask to check the subgrade deformation modulus (Md), to be verified on site by load plate tests, in
accordance with local codes or ASTMD1196 /BS1377/ EN 1997-2/ EN ISO 22476-13.
The Contractor shall define the remedial/improvement works to be performed in case the native soil does not
achieve that value after compaction.
Typically, it is better to replace the native soil with adequate materials (soil classified as A1, A2 or A3
according to ASTM D3282 or AASHTO compacted at least to 95% of the Normal Proctor density).
Roadbed
Property min. value
maximum % passing 0.075mm sieve 35 %
Minimum compaction at site 95% Normal Proctor
Minimum CBR >5 %
Table 8: Minimum requirement for subgrade
For native soils hard to compact or CBR<6%, a geotextile or geo-grid layer with suitable performances may
be laid over the subgrade to reach a proper compaction of the layers.
9.2.1.2. Embankment
On top of the suitable subgrade, if necessary to achieve the design elevation, a layer of filling material
consisting of gravel or crushed rocks must be placed.
The material must be classified as A1 or A3 according to ASTM D3282 or AASHTO and compacted at 95%
of the Normal Proctor density.
The thickness of this layer must be calculated according to AASHTO method. After compaction, ENEL may
ask to check the minimum deformation modulus (Md), to be verified on site by load plate tests, in accordance
with local codes or ASTMD1196 /BS1377/ EN 1997-2/ EN ISO 22476-13. As a reference, Md=25MPa is
equivalent to 5% CBR.
The embankment shall be executed with several successive layers having maximum thickness of 25cm
compacted as directed in this technical specification or as per the design.
Platform escarpments shall be protected with hydro seeding or other technics (previously approved by ENEL)
in order to prevent any risk of erosion.
Sub-base Layer
Property min. value
Minimum compaction at site >95% Normal Proctor
Minimum CBR >5 %
Table 9: Minimum requirement for Subgrade layer
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base Layer
Property min. value
Maximum % passing #200 sieve <20%
Maximum grain diameter <70mm
LL for material passing 0,425mm sieve <35
PI for material passing 0,425mm sieve <8
Minimum compaction at site >95% Normal Proctor
Minimum CBR >40%
Minimum Md (Optional) >50 MPa
Table 10: Minimum requirement for base layer
In case of rocky subgrade, if after top soil removal and compaction the required deformation modulus
(Md=50MPa) is reached, the Contractor can use only the surface layer, avoiding the use of the sub-base
layer.
GRE.EEC.S.00.XX.A.00000.16.001.01
Paved and unpaved areas, or carriageable and external equipment areas, shall be properly divided by
precast concrete curbs.
External areas for overhead lines supports, circuit breakers, disconnectors and all the other electro-
mechanical equipment shall be designed considering the distance requirements for electrical safety,
installation, O&M activities, including proper slopes to let the rainwater flowing.
It may be required by local standards to have 100 to 150 mm/4 to 6 inches of crushed stone or rock layer,
covering HV-ESS unpaved yards, extended 1 meter/3 feet beyond the ES fence. Crushed stone or pebbles
provide an insulation layer between pedestrians and earth, reducing danger of step and touch potentials,
minimizing vegetation growing, providing clean and dry walk areas and reducing erosion.
The material selected for surfacing may be affected by the electrical grounding design. Therefore, the final
sizing and thickness of this layer shall be defined considering the soil resistivity and grounding design. For
low values of soil electrical resistivity, the use of asphalt or concrete pavement may be necessary.
Platform level shall be previously graded to its designed elevation and compacted to reasonably firm
conditions, then crushed stone shall be evenly widespread without compaction.
The fencing supplied shall be suitable or continuous operation under the following conditions, defined for
each peculiar site:
Maximum/minimum ambient temperature;
Maximum wind pressure;
Seismic loads.
Fence type required for the substation come mainly as per local standards, however the following type of
fencing are allowed by ENEL. The Contractor may propose different solutions, compliant with local codes, to
ENEL for approval/validation and in order to optimize erection time and costs. The different solution are:
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Wiremesh Fence
This fence is composed by steel wire mesh supported by vertical steel framework/poles, steel grade as per
the design, galvanized or painted.
Welded-Mesh Fence
This fence is composed by electro-welded steel grill panels supported by vertical steel framework/poles, steel
grade as per the design, galvanized or painted.
Fiber-Glass Fence
The use of light Fiber Glass Reinforced Polymer (FRP) gratings are suggested as internal fences. They shall
be adopted where electrical insulation and corrosion resistance are required, and also as a way to fence
devices under voltage.
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DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
9.3.1. DESIGN CRITERIA
The following return periods criteria TR shall be considered in the hydraulic design (drainage system and
flood risk mitigation work), unless different local rules states requirements:
Access roads drainages outside the ESS platform (side ditches, gutters and secondary culverts,
etc…): TR=10 years. Note: secondary culverts are considered the ones NOT built on existing
streams and rivers, but put in place in order to avoid oversized side drainages.
Sub Station, Internal Roads and Facilities Area drainages (perimeter ditches, secondary culverts,
etc…): TR=50 years
Existing rivers identified by authorities crossing the roads: TR=100 years
The following freeboards, maximum velocity and general methodology of analysis shall be considered for the
following main typology of works, unless the local rules states differently:
9.3.1.1. Side Drainages:
For preliminary analysis, they can be hydraulically modelled through a uniform monodimensional
flow approach, unless particular situations apply in which a steady flow analysis has to be locally
elaborated
For detailed design a steady flow monodimensional analysis is requested; however, a uniform flow
approach can be used, justifying the simplified approach
In order to calculate the water superelevation in curves, an empirical approach can be used
The freeboard with respect to the top of the drainage section must be the maximum value between
the 10% to the total section height or 5 cm (also considering curves water superelevation)
The maximum velocity allowed depends on the construction material. For concrete lined ditches the
maximum allowed velocity is 4,5 m/s, for the most common unlined ditches the values are reported
in the following table:
9.3.1.2. Culverts:
The barrel, the inlet and outlet structures must be in concrete. Alternative material may be considered
after Enel’s approval.
Inlet control flow is preferable with a maximum H/D=1.2 (where H is the water head with respect to
culvert invert and D is culvert height)
The freeboard at the entrance of the culvert should be 50 cm with respect to the road
The maximum velocity allowed in concrete is 4,5 m/s
Low Water Crossing (also called Fords) can be used only for peak flows lower than 3m3/s (100 cfs).
Water depth lower than 25cm (10in) shall be ensured.
9.3.1.3. Bridges
For preliminary analysis, simplified models can be used to define the hydraulic behaviour of the
stream/river due to the bridge
For detailed design a numerical analysis must be performed (using for example Hec-Ras, Iber, Mike):
a monodimensional analysis may be sufficient in case the flow takes place in a well-defined main
channel; a bidimensional analysis is necessary in case of presence overbank flow
Freeboard with respect to bridge bottom must be 1.5 m
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Unless inconvenient from technical and cost-saving standpoints, concrete lining cast in-situ or prefabricated
shall be preferred.
The Contractor is responsible to connect the HV-ESS drainage system to the existing one and to obtain all
the necessary authorization by local Authority, designing accumulation basin, heatsinks to dissipate flow
energy, other different mitigation works, if necessary.
The Contractor shall seek information concerning the type and the amount of debris to be expected during a
greater flow. Since it is nearly impossible to calculate the volume by visual observation of the basin, history
from previous flows in the proximity of the site is most reliable. The Contractor may attempt to retain the
debris upstream of the entrance or intentionally let them pass through properly designed culverts.
In case of particular situations (side ditches draining large catchment areas, gutters and culverts crossing
main roads, or drainage works for area of high importance, ...) Enel may require the 2-D numerical models
or/and a higher return period or/and higher freeboard or, in general, a more conservative approach.
In case of studies which have must be presented to the Authority or have legal significance (e.g. design for
permitting or execution), local rules apply. In case of preliminary design or basic design for Enel’s internal
use or tender use, or in case local rules lack of indications, Enel standard reported in this chapter can be
applied.
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However the Contractor may propose modifications, for ENEL approval/validation, in order to optimize the
solution depending on the peculiar situation of the area and always in compliance with local codes.
The average depth of the upper surface of the cables shall be not less than 80 cm below the final grade along
the cable route inside the HV-ESS fence.
Along the cable routes outside the HV-ESS fence, the mentioned depth shall be in compliance with the
relevant local codes.
Alternatively, electrical and communication cable may be installed in precast or cast in place cables concrete
tunnels/trenches.
In both cases, cables and conduits directly buried in the ground, or in case of cables concrete tunnels the
Contractor shall consider the cable type’s requirements for a correct definition of the vertical and horizontal
bending radius.
The drawings shall clearly report the details for the cables entrance to the Control Building, showing the slope
and the details of the trenches/concrete tunnels.
The conduits that lead the cables inside the HV-ESS control building, shall be sealed to guarantee
waterproofness and fire protection.
As a general guideline the Contractor may consider the following cables underground installations:
LV cables, inside corrugated conduits with suitable diameter;
MV and HV, directly on the ground (depending on the cable type), or inside corrugated conduits, or
in dedicated concrete tunnels with proper covering.
Furthermore, for underground HV cables the Contractor shall consider to lay an additional length of cable, at
the beginning and at the end of the HV line.
According to the underground installation, that additional length of cable may be placed on the ground, or in
corrugated conduits, or in a dedicated pit/concrete tunnel enlargement, or over the ground on dedicated
supports always in compliance with the relevant local codes.
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Every 20m, or at any change of direction, an inspection pit shall be placed. Pits shall be in precast or cast in
situ concrete and have proper dimensions also to allow maintenance activities.
Below are the typical sections normally used. Preferably, Option 2 will always be chosen, since it allows both
cables and the drainage system to be accessed independently in the inspection pits, reducing the risks during
maintenance operations.
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Covers may be in reinforced concrete, in steel or in Fiber Reinforced Polymers (such as Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer) PRFV.
All trenches covers shall support a distributed load of 20MPa. Meanwhile covers suitable for the traffic loads,
shall support traffic loads as per AASHTTO HS20-44.
In case of manholes, the cover shall support 400kN (equivalent to a class D400 according to EN 124).
Covers shall have handles/holes to be easily removable and shall have a maximum weight not heavier than
30kg, except for traffic loads which may be heavier for designing reasons.
Internal steel covers shall have a minimum thickness of 4mm and a maximum deformation of L/200 and be
galvanized as per ASTM A123, A143 or EN ISO 1461.
Concrete trenches shall be designed considering the effective dimensions and the loads applied by the
vehicular traffic, directly on the cover or on the surrounding areas.
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1 𝐾
𝑓=
2𝜋 𝑀
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Another way to achieve this, is that the equipment supplier also designs the supporting structure in such a
way that the behavior of the equipment-structure assembly is adequate and that the equipment itself will not
sustain damage due to seismic stress.
In this case, the Contractor must implement seismic verification for the equipment-structure assembly via a
dynamic trial on a vibrating table, as defined in ETG 1.020 or IEEE 693 for this type of trial.
All the steel structures inside the HV-ESS area to connect the equipment to the overhead lines (dead-end,
gantry), irrespective their peculiar type (e.g. single pole, multiple pole, lattice type), shall be designed
according to the ENEL Technical Specification for HV Transmission Lines and EN 50341, depending on the
Country of the project.
GRE.EEC.S.00.XX.A.00000.16.001.01
It is recommended that, as far as possible, all interconnected equipment be placed on a monolithic foundation
to reduce differential movements due to the design earthquake. When interconnected equipment is not
located on the same foundation, the expected differential settlements between equipment due to relative
foundation motion shall be evaluated.
b) Slope stability
In case of HV-ESS foundations close to a slope, the global stability have to be checked as described on
section 4.3.2.3 Geothecnical Report.
c) Overturning assessment
The overturning verification shall be carried out considering the foundation as a rigid solid.
The factored stabilizing moment due to equipment support self-weight, concrete and backfilling dead loads
shall be greater than the factored moment due to the horizontal actions.
The minimum safety factor shall be 1,5 unless a local applicable code applies.
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d) Sliding Assesment
Horizontal actions transmitted from the equipment to the foundation imply the evaluation of the soil shear
resistance. Both undrained and drained condition shall be considered.
The minimum safety factor shall be 1,2 unless a local applicable code applies.
e) Gapping
For shallow foundation gapping check shall be performed. As a minimum requirement, the gapping shall be
0% for permanent combination loads and 50% for eventual combination loads (Earthquake, Wind) unless a
local applicable code applies.
f) Settlement
For settlement assessment shall be considered the unfavorable load altogether with the stratigraphic model
for each geotechnical zone.
The analysis must meet the following:
Total simultaneous settlement shall not exceed 2.5 cm/1 inch or lower values specified by the
equipment supplier.
Differential settlement from the center to the edge foundation shall not exceed 2cm/0.78 inch or lower
values specified by the equipment supplier.
It shall be considered the mechanical behavior of the terrain. The instant and deferred settlement below the
foundation shall be analyzed in each case.
9.5.4.2.2. Piles
Analysis of that foundation system shall consider the soil as purely cohesive or purely frictional, relevant to
the stratigraphic profile of the study area. It is not allowed to consider a terrain with a cohesive-frictional
nature. The design shall define the forces acting on piles.
System soil-pile shall be checked against the following failure mode:
Axial failure
Transversal failure
Tensile failure
Tip and lateral (friction) force shall generally be accounted separately, since different safety factor may be
prescribed by codes.
When considering the pile check for transversal forces, the resistance is related to the mechanism of failure.
It depends on the soil parameters, but also on the piles cap geometry, i.e. it shall be assessed if the pile head
rotation can be considered fully restrained or not.
For pile foundation, no tensile force may occur in piles under operational load combinations.
For settlement assessment shall be considered the unfavorable load altogether with the stratigraphic model
for each geotechnical zone.
The analysis must meet the following:
Total simultaneous settlement shall not exceed 5cm / 2inch or lower values specified by the
equipment supplier;
Differential settlement from shall not exceed 2cm / 0.78 inch between the piles or lower values
specified by the equipment supplier.
It shall be considered the mechanical behavior of the terrain. In each case, it shall be analyzed the instant
and deferred settlement below the foundation.
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Pedestals of foundations shall be reinforced to transfer the entire load in the stub/anchor bolt to the concrete.
Unless different requirements and/or criteria shall be applied as per local relevant codes, the minimum ratio
of reinforcement shall comply with the following percentages of the concrete gross area (Ag):
Pedestals, slab foundations, individual or combined footing – 0,2% Ag
Strip/grade beam foundations – 0,4% Ag
Pile foundations – 0,3% Ag
For the combined tension and shear loads, perform the calculation resistance to the combined force.
Preliminary design with the solution proposed by the Contractor shall be submitted to ENEL for
approval/validation, before starting the detailed design.
The Contractor shall perform all geotechnical verifications concerning the stability relevant to slipping,
overturning, limit load, overall stability, and any other structural verifications depending on the case,
additionally the definition of the soil volumes pushing on the structures and their mechanical characteristics.
The design and verification shall be carried out in accordance with the applicable standard.
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Below, in Figure 8 and Figure 9 are provided typical sketch drawing for concrete retaining wall and gabion
retaining wall:
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Uplift resistance safety factor must be at least 10% higher than the safety factor of the load combination
considered.
The foundation shall also comply with the following geometrical requirements:
Top of foundation shall have a slope to avoid accumulation of water;
Top of foundation shall be at least 15cm above ground.
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9.5.6.3. Drawings
Material properties for steel, bolted connections, welding concrete and reinforcement;
Layout of structures and foundations with their dimensions;
Bill of quantity of concrete (m3), rebar (kg), excavations (m3), steel (kg), other items;
Description of Type of soil, and bearing capacity of it;
Detailed drawings of foundations, reinforcements, anchoring system, etc.;
Reference to calculation report, technical specifications, general layout;
Table of loads on structure.
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POWER TRANSFORMER
9.6.1. POWER TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION
9.6.1.1. Minimum Dimensions of the Transformer Foundation
Transformer foundation shall be considered as a catch basin suitable to contain accidental oil leaks and
sufficiently large to prevent pollution on the surrounding areas.
Transformer foundation shall be sized to guarantee the minimum distance from the oil container/oil expansion
tank and the internal edge of the transformer foundation according to the local relevant code, if any, or
according to the requirements of the following codes, depending on the Country of the project, as shown in
the pictures below:
9.6.1.1.1. Countries where IEC is in force
Minimum 20% of the maximum distance between the transformer top (expansion tank included, if
any) and the top of the containing tank – IEC 61936;
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The Contractor shall size the system taking into account the following operational conditions:
Normal service of the transformer: rain water and possible limited losses;
Heavy duty service for a serious fault of the transformer: rain water and discharge of all oil.
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The Contractor may design the water treatment systems considering two alternatives:
It may be performed in the transformer catch basin and then filtered in an oily water separator;
The oily water may be treated directly in a dedicated tank.
In both cases the Contractor shall reach the full compliance with the applicable local regulations.
Alternative systems for the proper treatment of the oily water may be proposed by the Contractor, but they
shall be approved/validated by ENEL before proceeding with the design.
The Contractor shall also respect the exhaust hydrocarbon local limit requirement, allowed to the discharge
point.
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The elevation of the siphon pipe shall be defined considering that the total volume above the siphon level
shall be at least the 110% of volume of oil to be contained plus the rainfall based on a 10-year storm event
within a period time of 24h.
Local codes or ENEL itself may ask the Contractor to modify/increase the given percentage depending on
the peculiarities of the specific site.
According to local codes, in some Countries it might be required to size the catch basin including the water
firefighting volume. In that case the Contractor shall comply with the local requirements as per applicable
codes in force.
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If these distances cannot be guaranteed, mitigating measures to reduce these distances shall be taken, such
as firewalls, thermal barriers or the adoption of equipment with less flammable dielectric fluids.
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In case of liquid different than oil, the relevant local codes shall be followed.
According to IEEE 979-2012, when the HV-ESS area is limited, a 2 h fire rated wall (REI 120) shall be
adopted to protect buildings.
Table 16: Reference values for distances in the air for external transformers
(from Tab.3 – IEC 61936-1)
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In Countries where IEEE is in force, the protection walls shall be at least 2h fire rated (IEEE 979). The fire
barriers shall be extended 0.60m horizontally beyond the line of sight between all point on adjacent
transformers and have a minimum height of 30cm above the element potentially harmful to adjacent HV
equipment in case of severe failure. The highest element would be oil conservator or HV bushings. Figure
below shows an example of fire barriers.
Fire barriers shall be designed to withstand seismic loads, wind loads and blast pressure. References for
design and installation of fire barriers can be found on NFPA 850 and NFPA 851.
In Countries where international standard IEC is in force, the Contractor shall design fire barriers with
minimum fire resistance REI 60 in compliance with IEC 61936-1, which direct the following requirements:
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Figure 20: Typical Plan layout with Fire Distances (Fig E2, IEEE 979)
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The scope of supply includes the following activities, in compliance with this TS and the relevant applicable
local standard in force:
Detailed structural and architectural design, including thermal and acoustic design;
Detailed design of technological systems, as lighting and sockets, HVAC, fire-detection, fire-fighting,
anti-intrusion, any accessories (safety equipment, furniture, any other according the specific project);
Any document/deliverables for permitting purposes or required by the authorities of the Country,
signed by qualified engineers;
Procurement;
Manufacturing/supplying of systems, accessories, material (Certified if required);
Transportation, erection, construction;
Any inspection and tests;
As-built documentation;
The scope of supply includes all materials, components and activities necessary to ensure a proper and safe
operation of the building.
As above stated, the Control Building may be designed as a single building including O&M building rooms,
but in any case the Control building access shall be independent, or in other words it shall be avoided to
access to the control building directly from the interiors of the O&M Building.
Additionally the external Control Building area shall be separated by proper fence to prevent free access.
The Control Building shall ensure an external degree of protection not lower than IP-33 as per CEI 60529.
Taking into account the environmental conditions and assuming the most suitable class of atmospheric
corrosion for the specific site, the Contractor shall propose, to ENEL for approval/validation, the optimal
finishing to guarantee durability along the service life of the Control building.
Unless otherwise directed by local applicable codes, the Contractor shall assume the atmospheric corrosion
class according to ISO 9223: Corrosion of metals and alloys – Corrosivity of atmospheres –
Classification, determination and evaluation.
According to the IEEE 979, the control building shall be constructed with fire-resistant or noncombustible
materials.
The building shall be located and designed to avoid that the largest estimated fire (e.g., of an oil-filled
transformer, a circuit breaker, or neighboring plants or storage facilities) could involve or affect the operation
of the equipment within the building or vice versa.
Consequently the Contractor shall evaluate the fire load and establish the relevant fire resistance class for
the building in compliance with the local standard. In case of lack of local standards, a fire resistance REI
120 (EN 13501-2) shall be adopted.
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The Control building may be cast in-situ or prefabricated modules/elements type, or a proper mix of both.
The Contractor may choose the best combination in order to achieve the best cost-saving and time-saving
optimization.
9.7.1.1. Cast In-Situ Type Building
It may be designed according the following possibilities:
Foundations in reinforced concrete, shallow or piled depending on the geotechnical scenario;
Structural frame with columns and beams in reinforced concrete, or by columns, beams and bracings
in steel;
Structural elevation with bearing brick masonry, properly insulated;
Structural floor-slabs with reinforced concrete, or with mixed reinforced concrete beams and brick
elements, or with steel beams, corrugated sheets and concrete slab;
External and/or internal walls/cladding with insulated brick masonry, or with prefabricated panels
(sandwich type) in concrete properly insulated, or with steel sandwich insulated panels;
Flat roof not walkable with proper slopes to drain rainwater, or sloping roof.
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MW <100 MW <150 MW
Panels Room 50 60
MW Switchear 50 60
Room
TSA Room 10 10
Battery Room 20 20
Scada Room 20 20
Global Service 20 20
Room
Building Total 160 190
Surface (does not
include DGR)
Diesel Generator 12 12
Room (DGR)
Table 17. Net Areas (m2) for HV-ESS Control Building
Notes:
a. It is suggested to locate Diesel generator and relevant fuel tank outside the building as a way to optimize
sizing of building but also to reduce fire risk. External Diesel generator shall be properly covered to mitigate
acoustic emissions in compliance with local relevant requirements in force, and (including fuel tank)
protected by proper fence or cladding to prevent direct access. In any case the fuel tank shall be located
outside with its proper fence as above stated.
b. O&M Scada control room may be placed in the Control building or as instructed by O&M in a specific room
in the O&M building. The Contractor shall comply with Responsibility Matrix according for each specific
project.
c. Depends on the electrical layout control building and power capacity of the LV SSAA systems, TSA and
Batterys can be installed in the same room as the LV distribution panel boards, instead of a dedicate room.
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Following materials features shall be adopted in the design of the Control building, unless in contrast with
local applicable standards, which in case prevail.
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Concrete covering, as well as environmental exposure class, shall be properly increased depending on
peculiar external environmental conditions.
Partial safety factor to apply to characteristic values of materials have to be in compliance with the local
standard.
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The Contractor shall adopt, or define, the minimum values of each type of load according to the local
applicable codes. In the first stage of the design the local codes references and the load values shall be
provided to ENEL, by the design criteria, for validation.
The most typical loads to include in the structural design are listed below along with the minimum values to
be taken as a reference. The Contractor may propose modifications to ENEL for approval/validation,
depending on specific situations.
Minimun Requirements and
Load Other Requirements
Standard
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Design of the concrete, steelwork and masonry structures shall be done in accordance with the standard
indicated in section 3 and local technical codes for buildings and foundations.
Structural verifications shall be performed by the Contractor at the Ultimate Limit State and Serviceability
Limit state.
Indications and requirements shown in section 9.5 for steel and concrete structures and foundations also
apply for the control building.
Actions causing significant acceleration of the structure or structural members, must be classified as dynamic
actions and taken into account using a dynamic analysis.
In those areas likely to be subjected to different load categories, the calculation must take into account the
most critical load hypothesis. In those situations where operational loads act simultaneously with other
variable actions (for example, actions induced by wind, snow, cranes or machinery), the total load considered
in the load hypothesis shall be understood as an action only. In cases where the number of vibrations in the
load or the effects of vibrations can produce fatigue effects, a fatigue load model must be analyzed.
On decks/roofs, separate checks must be made on the evenly distributed load and concentrated load.
Non-structural elements (cladding, internal walls, suspended ceiling, equipment, etc) shall be compliant with
the site-specific seismic class according to applicable local standard. In case of luck in the local standard,
the Supplier shall verify non-structural elements according to EN 1998 (Eurocode 8) part 1 section 4.3.5 as
a reference.
In case of a reinforced concrete frame cast in situ the minimum dimension of the column shall be at least
20cmx20cm and for the beams 20cmx40cm, unless otherwise stated in the local relevant standard especially
taking into account seismic class depending on the specific location of the structures involved.
Depending on the Country’s project relevant codes, in case of buildings based on patented prefabricated
structural elements, it might be sufficient to comply with the design procedures, or part of them (e.g. regarding
the individual assessment of the single structural elements or sections), by patented structural calculations.
In that case the Contractor shall provide proper references within the local applicable codes. Anyway, all
calculation reports, if necessary, shall be available for ENEL scope.
However the Contractor shall develop the structural modeling, calculation and assessments for the structure
in its entirety and provide all the deliverables for permit purposes.
The vertical deflection of structural member shall not exceed the following limits:
Element wmax w3
Roof member:
Supporting plaster ceiling l/240 l/360
Supporting non plaster ceiling l/180 l/240
Not supporting ceiling l/120 l/180
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Horizontal displacement for steel structures shall not exceed the limits below:
Steel Structure Building ui u
Single story building Hi/300
Multi story building Hi/300 H/500
If more stringent limits are provided in the local standard, also in seismic condition, please apply them.
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The Design shall define the cables ways type, path and openings, considering the minimum bending radius
depending on the cable types. Dedicated details shall be reported in the civil drawings in order to give all the
details for construction.
Cable ways may be trenches with, or without, conduit corrugated pipes beneath the floating floors, or
concrete tunnels with proper covering and drainage system, when needed.
Civil design shall take into account all the input from the electrical design to select the best choice especially
from maintenance standpoint.
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Diagonal tie rods may be allowed only for lifting, transport and installation, but they shall be removed after
installation on-site.
According to local codes, during E-house container/structure construction at the workshop, the Supplier shall
fulfill standards requirements regarding material inspections to assess structural performances compliance
and traceability requirements for steel elements/members.
9.7.8.2.2. Housing and secondary structures
Housing and secondary structures as cladding and walls, floor, roof, doors and windows, including joints and
accessories shall be designed and installed to guarantee waterproofness, IP degree requirement IP 33 (IP
53 in case of very dust ambient conditions) as per CEI 60529 or equal degree according to applicable local
codes/standards, and corrosion requirements as per section 6.1 during the whole service life, without any
substitution and special maintenance to protecting coatings.
Cladding, walls and pavement shall have proper openings for HVAC system, power cables, data cables and
optical fibers, with sealed covers to assure structural capacity according to their position, fireproof, corrosive
and IP degrees as per the relevant requirements given.
According to the IEEE 979, building materials shall be fire-resistant or non-combustible. The container shall
be designed so that the largest estimated fire (e.g., of an oil-filled transformer, a circuit breaker, or
neighboring plants or storage facilities) will not involve or affect the operation of the equipment within the
building or vice versa. Consequently the SUPPLIER shall perform the calculation for the fire load and
establish the relevant fire resistance class for the E-House container in compliance with the local standard.
In case of lack of local standards and ENEL General TS, a fire resistance REI 120 (EN 13501-2) shall be
considered.
The Supplier shall design and propose proper materials for cladding, roof and floor in order to achieve the
best optimization between enclosure and HVAC costs and technical performances.
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Following solution types shall be taken into account, however different solutions in compliance with all
requirements and achieving same or better performances may be proposed by the Supplier to ENEL for
approval/validation, in order to optimize design and costs.
9.7.8.2.3. Dimensions
The E-HOUSE shall be sized in order to have the minimum possible dimensions keeping a safety operation
& maintenance, and fulfilling all the Safety Local standards.
The layout of the final solution must have enough space to allow, in case of failure, the substitution of an
individual switchgear without the necessity to disassembly all the MV busbar Panels.
The SUPPLIER is allowed to design a layout where a room can be composed of more than one module. This
individual modules will be connected and sealed onsite by the SUPPLIER or EPC contractor of the substation
with SUPPLIER supervision guaranteeing the water tightness and durability of the connections.
Since the transport from factory to the site is inside the scope, the SUPPLIER is free to design the E-HOUSE
sizing the modules according to standard transport dimensions, in order to reduce transport prices and
transport management, or use modules with larger sizes in order to provide the most cost-efficient solution.
Anyway, the size of the modules shall be limited to the maximum allowed by the local regulations and the
road access to the project (in case of Wind projects it will be considered as the larger component the Nacelle,
the Base Tower section, or de Substation Power Transformer. In case of Solar, the Substation Power
Transformer is the larger component of the power plant). A road survey must be provided to ENEL in tender
phase if the size of the container is bigger than any of the bigger components of the power plant.
In case of dimension design that require special permits, the SUPPLIER will communicate to ENEL, and will
provide all the necessary data to process the special permits to the local authorities.
Furthermore, the E-HOUSE substation shall be dimensioned also taking into account the HV/MV Step-up
station layout and available spaces.
9.7.8.2.4. Supports and loading/unloading system
The enclosure shall have a proper number and type of base plates/supports to allow the placement of the E-
HOUSE on a separated supporting structure or on the slab foundation (both not included in the scope).
Structural joints between E-HOUSE base plates/supports and the separated supporting structure/slab
foundation may be bolted type, when the separated supporting structure is steel type, or tie-rod type when
the separated supporting structure is concrete type or the E-HOUSE is placed on a concrete slab.
Unloading from transport vehicles and lifting in place shall be made by proper crane in case of FULL EPC
Contract.
The Supplier shall specify the requirements in terms of available space, clearances and bearing capacity for
the cranepad.
9.7.8.2.5. Protective coating
The modules will be especially studied to stay outdoor for the complete lifetime of the plant. Due to that, all
the surfaces shall have a treatment according to the ambient conditions and in particular:
Surface sandblasting
Galvanic treatment of the structure, hinges and brackets
Paint treatment
Isolation thickness
All this features and others if necessary shall be taken into account by the SUPPLIER to provide an adequate
protective coating to the modules, in order to withstand the ambient conditions specified in chap. 6 without
special maintenance during its lifetime.
9.7.8.2.6. Cable entries
Cable entries shall be foreseen at the bottom of the enclosure and they shall be sealed and protected from
animals (e.g. animal proof latches in case of solution at a certain high over the ground level).
For the E-HOUSE solution at a certain high over the ground level, the cables shall be maintained by proper
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supporting structures.
In case the homopolar CTs are foreseen outside the MV switchgear, brackets must be also supplied to install
the CTs on pre-drilled holes within the basic structure.
9.7.8.2.7. Earthing
Within the modules a copper plate ring with a suitable section, calculated according to the short-circuit current
to ground, should be put in place. All the equipment and systems of the E-HOUSE will be connected to this
ring.
The ring shall be reachable from the outside in at least two points with easy access, placed on each short
side of the enclosure. The connection to the earthing network of the substation will be realized throw these
points.
9.7.8.2.8. Name Plate
Outside of the E-HOUSE near the main door, at an approximate height of 1.6 m, a durable and clearly legible
nameplate must be secured, communicating the following information as a minimum:
Manufacturer of the E-HOUSE (or trade mark);
Serial number;
Instruction book reference;
Year of manufacture;
Modules-only weight in transport mode;
Total weight with equipment installed.
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The Contractor shall privilege steel frame staircases and ramps in order to speed up erection after E-House
placing, unless concrete/masonry solution would be significantly cost-saving and approved by ENEL.
Any steel frame structure, as columns, bracing, anchors, staircases, ramps, other, shall be hot-dip galvanized
with a proper thickness, and in case additionally painted, to reach the durability performances and guarantee
them during the service life, depending on the site-specific corrosive environmental classification as per ISO
9223 or local applicable code in force. Furthermore from fire protection standpoint, the design shall comply
with the requirements according to the relevant local codes in force in the Country’s project.
From functional standpoint, any type of foundation designed shall fit with all the connection cable lines
required to connect all the expected E-House equipment and plants (electrical power, control systems, pipes,
sewages, ect.), as per E-House supplier’s and/or ENEL requirements, and shall include any relevant civil
work, as concrete tunnel trenches with covers and/or gratings, cable/pipe conduits and pits, pipe/sewage
lines, others if any.
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Communication Systems
SCS LOCAL NETWORK
HV-IED
IED MU MU
TSO
CS
METER System
GPS
RTU
HMI
Auxiliary
TRANSFORMER BUS BAR Services MV
Position Position LINE Position
Position
Within the annexes of this document it is attached the SET model with details of:
- HMI screens configuration
- Historical specifications
- Signal codification
- Signal lists: single and double type, measurements and commands.
This information would be taken as base line to develop the control system signal and configurations.
Contractor should include the information missing in order to complete the control system model according
with the specific needs of the project.
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10.1.3. REDUNDANCY
Redundancy will apply in substation/equipment where the critical signals used for bay or systems control and
protection, are transmitted and received between different sources/sink by communication interface links.
One single point of failure does not get out of service the substation control system. This means that at
minimum the level of redundancy required are:
Redundant power supply.
Time synchronization master and backup configuration through NTP synchronization.
Network topology must be compliant with PRP-HSR if required.
Hot-Hot and Hot-Standby unit redundancy to be supported.
Main or essential equipment will be redundant.
Redundancy in SCS is not a standard requirement, their implementation will be justified within project specific
needs.
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The RTU will be based on microprocessor system, redundancy capabilities total or partially upon the
application criticalities, PRP/HSR as option, real time operating system and MTBF higher than 100k hours.
It must use a Real-Time Clock (RTC) to time stamp all status changes to the nearest millisecond after the
change has been detected by the logic (excluding any filter time imposed by the I/O interface circuits for
contact de-bouncing).
The RTU software must use the RTC to maintain the time of day to time stamp and store the year, day, hour,
minute, second, and millisecond for each alarm detected.
Non-volatile memory will use solid state devices or non-movable parts device for the storage. Rack mounted
and fan less is a must.
The Contractor will consider to provide the functional capability describe herein, even if a function is not
initially implemented. The term master station is used to denote the SCADA systems. As a minimum, the
RTUs shall be capable of performing the following functions:
Collecting and processing the digital status inputs, analog inputs, accumulated values and
transmitting to master station(s).
Receiving and processing digital & analog control commands from the master station(s).
Accepting polling messages simultaneously from two master station(s) (if required) using separate
logical databases for each master station.
Communication simultaneously on all Communication ports and using multiple concurrent
protocols, including the IEC 104 & MODBUS TCP-IP protocol.
Data transmission rates from 300 to 19200 baud for serial ports and 10/100/1000 Mbps for TCP/IP
Ethernet ports.
RTU shall be compatible with protocol 61850 for communication with IEDs.
RTU shall have the capability of automatic start-up and initialization following restoration of power
after an outage without need of manual intervention. All restarts shall be reported to the connected
master station(s).
RTU shall support time synchronization through messages received from master station using IEC
60870-5-101/ IEC 60870-5-104 protocol and external PTP (Precision Time Protocol - IEEE 1588),
IRIG-B and NTP.
RTU shall support downloading of RTU database from the master station using the IEC 60870-5-
101 and IEC 60870-5-104 protocol.
RTU shall support SOE (Sequence of events) feature
Acting as a data concentrator for acquiring data from Slave RTUs and exercising supervisory
control on slave RTUs using IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 protocol.
It has to support protocols collected in Communication Interfaces chapter.
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Protocol conversion capability: ICCP TASE.2 (IEC 60870-6), IEC 61850 GOOSE, DNP 3.0 and
IEC104.
Adaptable for customization and additional protocols.
Multi master communication capability.
Automatic startup and initialization following power restoration.
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10.1.4.2.2. Reliability
10.1.4.2.3. Scalability
10.1.4.2.4. Security
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It can be used for non-standardized measures in substation that cannot be processed by IED, RTU or
substation gateway. These measures cannot be integrated as a control function. Only can be used as
information.
For each project must be validated separately by Enel.
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applications
10.1.4.7.1. Switches mainly requirements:
All switches must be managed type
Forwarding
Store-and-forward
Refers to standard 802.1D bridging, in which a packet is completely received on a port and into the
port buffer (“store”) before being forwarded.
At least 128 KB on-chip packet buffering.
The total amount of packet buffering available to all ports. The buffering is shared between the ports
on an on-demand basis. This is a typical level of buffering for a small, light-duty, five-port switch
intended to support client connections in a home office.
10.1.4.7.2. Performance:
Bandwidth: 1 Gb/s (non-blocking) per port.
Recommended number of ports: depending of the application.
Forwarding rate:
10 Mbps port: 14,800 packets/sec
100 Mbps port: 148,800 packets/sec
1000 Mbps port: 1,480,000 packets/sec
Latency (using 1500-byte packets)
10 Mbps: 30 microseconds (max)
100 Mbps: 6 microseconds (max)
1000 Mbps: 4 microseconds (max)
MAC address database: 4,000 (typical for 5 ports)
Mean time between failures: (MTBF): >1 million hours (~114 years)
Standards compliance
IEEE 802.3i 10BASE-T Ethernet
IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet
IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet
Honors IEEE 802.1p and DSCP priority tags
Jumbo frame: up to 9,720 bytes
PRP-HSR support.
GRE.EEC.S.00.XX.A.00000.16.001.01
Enel will provide detailed description related to the Security Requirements to fulfil by the Substation Control
System.
COMMUNICATION INTERFACES
The Substation Control Unit (or Substation RTU) must support several interfaces with external systems or
equipment and must provide different protocols on them, to guarantee a correct and efficient integration with
the rest of the project, including external systems as LCR or TSO (where applies).
The interfaces to be considered are indicated in the following scheme, to help to understand the global
context:
10.2.1. MAIN GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS
As global requirements, the following standardized communication protocols shall be supported from SCU
to external systems over Ethernet, always Client/Server capabilities:
IEC 61850 Client/Server and Goose.
IEC 60870-5-104 (At least dual independent channels).
IEC 60870-5-101 Client/Server (upon request).
IEC 60870-5-103 Master (upon request).
DNP3.0.
DNP
OPC UA.
Modbus TCP.
Modbus RTU (upon request)
Multiple connections could be stablished with different client/servers and with different setup by channel. The
SCU/RTU must be able to report its entire real time database to at least n.6 different clients simultaneously.
Otherwise ENEL GPG to be noticed.
The SCU/RTU must have the availability to exchange data with Client/Servers located in at least n.5 different
IP segments through its default gateway and to have at least 6 free ethernet ports for ENEL GPGG integration
use (fiber optic in some projects) in physical segregated networks.
The SCU-RTU shall support historical events and to be remotely accesible.
Hardwired signals to be supported, both inputs and output, and analogue and digital as well. Number of each
to be defined at engineering stage.
10.2.2. TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF INTERFACES
The main equipment related to SCU from upstream point of view are, in general for any kind of project, the
following ones:
TSO/DSO
LCR
Plant SCADA-RTU
PPC: power plant controllers: Master, PV, Wind and BESS.
PI Node
Front-End Services Gateway (FES-GW)
The SCU-RTU shall implement a multiple Local/Remote taking in consideration TSO (when applies), LCR,
Plant SCADA and PPC, among others previously indicated by ENEL GPGG in specific project needs.
The following drawing is showing the interfaces with the different control systems and the integration to
TSO/DSO and/or RCC.
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In some projects, the Plant SCADA will integrate the complement of a RTU to expand its capabilities.
In this scenario, sometimes, the integration of some of the subsystems, or some of the equipment in each
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subsystem, as the SCU-RTU, with Plant SCADA, will be using the Plant SCADA RTU in a similar way as the
Plant SCADA stand-alone solution.
In this case, as per Plant SCADA – RTU limitations, the protocols to be used will be, regularly, field style
ones, as ModBus RTU/TCP, DNP over serial or IEC-104.
10.2.2.3. PPC
Depending on project type, it could be one or more PPCs, and for same plant technology or mixed
technology.
As general rule, direct PPC – SCU integration shall be considered. Depending on the project and under
ENEL GPGG indication, the integration could not be necessary and not implemented.
The PPCs shall incorporate their own Energy Meter but as per specific ENEL GPGG indications, the SCU’s
meter for redundant input shall be shared for PPCs’ control loops.
Depending on specific PPC needs, several signals shall be interchanged between both systems. Those
signals shall be communicated using hardwired, communicated signals or both, under ENEL GPGG
indication.
Following the PPC request, the Capacitor Bank/ STATCOM control device will check the operational
condition of the system and will send the Close/Open command to the Capacitor Bank/STATCOM insertion
accordingly. The Substation Control System can also be interfaced by the PPC in order to send, via
communication protocol, raise/lower commands to the Tap Changer Controller of the main power transformer
located in the substation, in order to move the tap position according to the reactive power and voltage level
needs.
For the information exchange between the PPC and the Substation Control System, one or more direct serial
channels (e.g. Master/Slave and Slave/Master) will be connected between both systems.
For Wind Projects, IEC 61400-25 guidelines affecting to interfaces to be followed.
10.2.2.4. PI Node
This is a special equipment, industrial server based, in charge of obtain data from every subsystem and to
integrate in a Global-Corporative Plant Information platform.
At the date of issuance of this document, there is no specific protocol requirements but the SCU supplier
shall take in consideration that the PI node shall be possible to access, in read mode, the full memory signal
space, with no write permission.
10.2.2.5. FES-Gateway
This is a special equipment, industrial server based, in charge of obtain data from every subsystem and to
support remote commissioning activities.
The SCU supplier shall take in consideration that the FES-GW would be installed in a DMZ (could affect to
as per the use of gateways to route to FES-GW or adjust IP whitelist or similar functionality).
10.2.3. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
In specific projects, the SCU must use independent and different free Ethernet ports to integrate directly with
Plant network and ICT firewall.
The supplier shall provide to ENEL GPG the certifications corresponding to the above protocols issued by
third party, where applies. In the case of supplier doesn’t have the certificate, the whole cost of certification
will be entirely borne by the Supplier and will not entail any charges or expenses for ENEL GPGG.
When possible, SCU supplier shall provide a hierarchical management example to be checked by ENEL
GPGG and to support commissioning activities.
Historical storage by SCU shall be remotely accessible. Otherwise, ENEL GPGG to be noticed.
In Monitoring Direction the following SCU information types are translated into protocol specific telegrams:
Single Point Information
Double Point Information
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The SCU must be in charge to check the correctness of the data received from external systems.
The SCU must provide remote access for diagnostic purposes via Web-Browser, accessible Intranet, with
detailed information down to each process signal.
The SCU architecture must incorporate a level 3 switch as front-end to segregate networks and to avoid
loops (using RSTP and similar protocols) when different networks shall be integrated, complaining with ENEL
GPGG’s cybersecurity requirements. When possible due to rest of Plant network architecture and its
subsystems, direct connection using the available ports required in the previous paragraphs will be preferred.
The use of connections using front-end SCU switch has no influence on the available physical ports listed
above as per same IP interfaces will be needed in the same way.
The SCU frontier switch, must be able to support, among other:
QoS (802.1D/p).
IGMP Snooping/Querier (v1/v2/v3).
RSTP.
Real-time TSN Ethernet support (desirable. Otherwise ENEL GPGG to be noticed).
VLANs by port.
Routing:
- VLAN and port based routing.
- Static routing.
- Multinetting.
- IP masquerading.
- 1-to-1 NAT.
Desirable (Otherwise, ENEL GPGG to be noticed):
- VPN; IPSec, IKE v1/v2, 3DES, AES, PSK, etc.
10.2.4. COMMISSIONING
Hereby a list of activities requested to the contractor concerning commissioning and power on of automation
and control systems, according to IEC 62381; IEC 61511-1; IEC 62603 standards.
SIT : The SIT (site integration test) has assembly test with the aim to check the correct data exchange
between the SCU and rest of integrated systems to it.
The contractor shall verify the data exchanged between SCU and rest of integrated subsystems,
including, among others, Plant SCADA, TSO, Local Control Room, IED components, Local SCADA
systems, PPC and assure the communication between each of them and the FES-GW according to
its scope of work.
Check the compliance with TSO requirements with focus in data exchange (signal list, protocol,
interoperability, status Feed Back). The contractor shall produce official test report on this activity
Check data exchange and carry out the functional tests with the Local Control Room. The contractor
shall perform a report on this activity.
Check fiber optic system, contractor shall verify:
o Design of the cable and accessories : cable caracteristics type according to the project; FAT
Certificates and data sheets. Core terminals type acc design and data sheets.
o Identification of circuits and loops acc “as constructed” lay out and labelling.
o Absence of mechanical damage
o All cables after their laydown and their jointing and termination, shall be verified performing
the checks listed below at least:
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Conformity of the cable duct to the executive design (deep excavations, positioning,
interference, materials, accessories used, etc.);
Correct execution of termination End to End (Devices /SSE Patch/Splice Box/ WTG
Patch/Splice Box/MM Patch/Splice Box ( Infrared checks could be useful)
Check core color sequence /correspondence and correct identification and labelling;
o All fiber optic cables must be tested to verify the right connection and attenuation level
according design and technical requirements. ODTR Test and report (End to End) must be
provided to verify the compliance DB loss value.
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IEC 62041 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations
thereof - EMC requirements
ANSI/IEEE IEEE Standard for Relays and Relay Systems Associated With Electric
C37.90.0/.1/.2 Power Apparatus
ASTM B 845-97 (2003) Standard Guide for Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Tests for Electrical
Contacts
IEC 60068-2-43 Environmental testing - Part 2-43: Tests - Test Kd: Hydrogen sulphide
test for contacts and connections
IEC 60068-2-6 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests
Tests Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-3-8 Environmental testing Part 3-8: Supporting documentation and guidance
- Selecting amongst vibration tests
The protection equipment must be designed, built, and tested in accordance with the latest version of the
IEC standards and of the local standard in use (EN for countries members of CENELEC)
10.3.1.1. Auxiliary power supplies
AC and DC voltages available in the Substation LV system suitable to feed the protection system are
sustained in batteries and emergency diesel generator, therefore it is consider a reliable uninterruptible power
supply. Those reliable systems are also insulated to earth in order to prevent an outage in case of a single
fault to earth and provides: insulation failure and undervoltage relay supervision.
Redundancies of the protection relay system will be powered by independent DC or AC systems.
Additional anticondensation circuits and lighting will be fed by AC normal distribution boards less reliable
than the mentioned above.
All those auxiliary circuits belongs to the “LV SSAA system” described within this document.
10.3.2. HV BAY PROTECTIONS RELAY
10.3.2.1. Functional description
The protections configuration consist of two or more multi-function relays on the basis of the attached
measurements and protections single line diagram.
Each multi-function digital relay must provide additionally: the chronologic recording of the events, the fault
recording, and the self-supervision of its power supply.
The protections shall also be connected, through the communication protocol IEC 61850, to a central
gateway, from which it will be possible to acquire fault recordings and to configure the parameters (for all
protections).
The following table resumes the HV-LINE-BAY protection relay configuration:
Over Head\Cable Line HV’s protections (ANSI ref)
Channel A Channel B
87/21L Line/cable differential + distance 87/21L Line/cable differential + distance
67/67N Directional Overcurrent 67/67N Directional Overcurrent
79V-52L Automatic re-closing 79V-52L Automatic re-closing
25L Line syncrocheck (*) 25L Line syncrocheck (*)
62-50BF-52L Breaker failure (*) 62-50BF-52L Breaker failure (*)
2-1/3 pole discordance(*) 2-1/3 pole discordance(*)
59 /27 max min voltage(*) 59 /27 max min voltage(*)
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The following table resumes the HV-BAY-LINE HV/MV step-up Transformer protection relay configuration:
HV line/cable HV/MV step-up transformer (ANSI ref)
Channel A Channel B
87/21L Line/cable differential + distance 87/21L Line/cable differential + distance
67/67N Directional Overcurrent 67/67N Directional Overcurrent
87T Transformers differentials 87T Transformers differentials
50/51T Transformer overcurrent 50/51T Transformer overcurrent
50TN Neutral HV Transformer overcurrent 50TN Neutral HV Transformer overcurrent
81M/m max min frequeny 81M/m max min frequeny
25L Line syncrocheck (*) 25L Line syncrocheck (*)
62-50BF-52L Breaker failure (*) 62-50BF-52L Breaker failure (*)
2-1/3 pole discordance (*) 2-1/3 pole discordance (*)
59 /27 max min voltage (*) 59 /27 max min voltage (*)
The following table resumes the HV/MV step-up Transformer protection relay configuration:
HV/MV step-up Transformer protections (ANSI ref)
Channel A Channel B
87T Transformers differentials 87T Transformers differentials
50/51T Transformer overcurrent 50/51T Transformer overcurrent
50TN Neutral HV Transformer overcurrent 50TN Neutral HV Transformer overcurrent
81M/m max min frequeny 81M/m max min frequeny
62-50BF-52L Breaker failure 62-50BF-52L Breaker failure
59 /27 max min voltage 59 /27 max min voltage
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(*) Depends on HV substation single line diagram, in case of single bay not necessary.
In general all the protection relay units also provide measurement of the relevant electrical parameters that
can be locally register and remotely consult for the second and third control levels (local HMI and remote
SCADA). These variables are mainly: Active/Reactive Power, Current, Voltage and Frequency.
10.3.2.2. Protection relays and functions design
10.3.2.2.1. General
The protection will be compliant with the standard and functionalities of the TSO\DSO of the Country when
requested by the National Rules, Technical Standard and Regulations in force.
The protection system can consists of one or more multi-function devices installed in a single cabinet.
In addition, the protection system must ensure the following interfaces as a minimum:
digital inlets 24 acquisition of voltage-free contacts;
digital outlets 16 (return of voltage-free contacts);
analogue inlets 12 2(or 3) CT three phase 1/5 A - 2 VT three phase 57.8 V;
analogue outlets 5 P, Q, I, V, f (4-20 mA);
serial supervision port IEC61850 (Ethernet on fibre optics), reporting and GOOSE.
The cabinet shall be the collection point of all signals from the field; therefore, adequate interface terminal
boards must be provided.
In general, the cabinet must be equipped with:
Terminal blocks inlets and outlets interface, about 400;
Terminal blocks for secondary CT´s that can be short-circuited about 20;
Auxiliar relays for control hardwire logics, about 15 relays;
Lock-out relays for trip confirmation and lock, bi-stable relays (trip and lock units).
Metering functions:
Single-phase measurement of voltage, current, frequency, real power and apparent power
- Choice of measuring phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltages
- Suppression of DC components and harmonics in current and voltage
- Compensation of phase errors in main and input CTs and VTs
Disturbance Recorder:
The disturbance recorder monitors up to 12 analog inputs and up to 16 binary inputs. The capacity for
recording disturbances depends on the duration of a disturbance as determined by its pre-disturbance history
and the duration of the disturbance itself. The total recording time is approximately 5 s.
The protection devices must be capable of fulfilling the fault recording function with the following minimum
characteristics:
- 24 samples per period (sampling frequency up to 1440 Hz at a rated frequency of 50/60 Hz)
- Available recording time for 9 to 12 CT/VT and 8 binary signals approximately 5 s
- Recording initiated by any binary signal, e.g. the general trip signal.
- recording format Comtrade
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Interoperability:
The system's IEDs contemplate all the requirements of IEC 61850, which allows these teams to exchange
information with any IEC 61850 IED as established by the regulations. GOOSE station bus configuration.
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Protection functions:
- Instantaneous and timed neutral directional overcurrent.
Operating times function (including tripping relay) minimum 21ms
- Inverse time: typical curve IEC, standards, IEEE, ...
- Definite time: from 0 ms a XX s (range of setting 0,1 ms)
10.3.2.2.4. Longitudinal Differential Line Protection (87L)
Main features:
Application: HV Overhead lines and underground lines, in some cases covering the power
transformer installed downwards.
Protection functions:
- Three-phase measurement with current comparison per phase.
- Adaptive current characteristic.
- Provision for two-windings power transformer in protection zone.
- Detection and compensation of CT saturation.
- 2nd harmonic inrush restraint
Other features
- Communications link to the remote station Two optical fiber connectors for transmit (Tx)
and receive (Rx). Data transfer rate 64 kBit/s
- Optical fiber conductors multi-mode MM single-mode SM.
- Max. attenuation of link MM 8 dB, SM 8 dB
- Min tripping time: 20ms
10.3.2.2.5. Autoreclosure (79) (if requested)
Main features:
Application: HV Overhead lines, to allow automatic re-start once normal operations have been re-
stablished
Protection functions:
- Re-close the 52L or 52L/T that might have been opened due to the intervention of one of
the protections against external faults .
- Single and three-phase autoreclosure.
- Operation in conjunction with distance, longitudinal differential, overcurrent and
synchrocheck functions and also with external protection and synchrocheck relays.
- Logic for 1st and 2nd main protections, duplex and master/follower schemes.
- Up to four fast or slow reclosure shots.
- Detection of evolving faults.
10.3.2.2.6. Synchrocheck (25L)
Application: Closing monitoring control of HV breakers
Protection functions:
- Check the correct synchronisation between the network and the HV line and to command
closing of the line breaker to 52L, when in the presence of very low sliding values (s);
phase differences (Φ) and voltage differences (ΔV) are also checked within the verification
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window (t).
- The device should allow feeding voltage both on the line and on the non-energized bar,
checking the following range: presence of voltage (V>0,7-1Vn), absence of voltage (V<0,5-
0,1Vn)
- The closing command must have a duration of 100 milliseconds and must be prevented by
any anomaly internal (WD) or external to the device (voluntary exclusion, auxiliary power
supply anomaly, etc.);
the device must return, as a minimum, the following signals, in addition to the command:
• presence of voltage
• internal anomaly (WD)
Other feactures:
- Single-phase measurement. The differences between the amplitudes, phase angles and
frequencies of two voltage vectors are determined.
- Provision for switching to a different voltage input (double busbar systems)
10.3.2.2.7. Network under voltage (27)
Application: detect external multi-phase type faults on the HV network.
10.3.2.2.8. Network over voltage (59)
Application: protection of the transformer’s HV windings insulation against network over-voltages.
10.3.2.2.9. Over-under frequency (81)
Application: protection of the power transformers in case of serious frequency fault on the network
10.3.2.2.10. Transformer differential (87T)
Main features:
Application: Power Transformers two and three windings with the inclusion of earthing transformers
in the MV side, into the protected zone.
Protection functions:
- Three-phase measurement with current comparison per phase.
- Adaptive current characteristic.
- Vector group, CT ratio and Tap changer compensation.
- High stability for external faults and current transformer saturation
- 2nd harmonic inrush restraint
Other features
- The protection should not be affected by external faults and by magnetizing currents due to
powering the transformer.
10.3.2.2.11. Thermal image Overload function (49T)
Application: Power Transformers winding overload protection.
Protection functions:
- 1st order model
- Sensitive to external ambient temperature, kamb.
10.3.2.2.12. Voltage regulator under load for HV/MV transformer (90 VSC)
Application: Voltage regulation of the transformer´s MV side
Protection functions:
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- Monitoring of the on load tap changer position, checking the correct tap.
- Comands for operation the tap changer.
10.3.2.2.13. Phase overcurrent on HV side of transformer (50/51 HV)
Application: Detection of all types of overcurrent faults in the HV winding
Protection functions:
- Two thresholds of definite time protection funtion
- Inverse time overcurrent can be protected as a back-up of the MV area comprises between
transformer and MV busbars.
10.3.2.2.14. Differential Busbar Protection (87SB)
Main features:
Application: Busbar differential protection and Sensitive differential level
Protection functions:
- Selective, reliable and fast differential protection of busbars, T-connections and meshed
corners.
- Detection of all types of internal phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults in solidly
earthed or low impedance earthed power systems, as well as all internal multi-phase faults
in isolated or high-impedance earthed power systems.
- Three-phase version with two low-impedance differential protection zones
- Complete stability for through faults,
- Up to four step phase overcurrent protection
Other features
- A mix of main CTs with 1A and 5A rated secondary current within the same protection
zone allowed.
- No interposing current transformers required.
- Autorecloser and breaker failure protection inside
10.3.2.2.15. Breaker failure (50S-62) HV
Application: In the event of a trip by one of the protection relay functions, if the breaker does not
open, the breaker failure will be activated and opens the surrounding bay breakers. When line bay
trip events also transferring by F.O. to the opposite end of the transmission-line.
Trip activation by:
- Overcurrent with or without voltage restrictions/supervision (87L, 87T, 67N, 21, 50/51, 51V,
50N / 51N).
- Other protections not related with overcurrent (transformer mechanical protections
buchholz, over pressure relief valve).
Protection functions:
- re-trip: a second trip will be made on the breaker bay in failure (by both trip-coils or by the
opposite trip-coil), trying to prevent the progress of the breaker failure unit.
- Detecting current flowing by the circuit breaker bay the function 50S-62 is activated: Once
the re-trip has been made, if the trip fault persists, the trip-failure will be transferred to the
immediate upwards and downwards adjacent bay breakers, in order to isolate the faulty
zone within clearing times lower than critical.
- Activation of a lock out relay 86BF with local reset.
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DESCRIPTION FUNCTION
Incoming feeder protection
- Over-current protection 50/51
- Earth over-current protection (CT toroidal connection ) 50N
- Directional earth over-current protection (CT toroidal
67N (**)
and delta open VT connections )
- Neutral Overvoltage 59N
- Synchrocheck 25(*)
- Lock-out relay 86
- Trip circuit supervision 74
- Breaker failure 50BF
Outgoing feeder
- Over-current protection 50/51
- Directional earth over-current protection (CT toroidal
67N
and delta open VT connections )
- Lock-out relay 86
- Trip circuit supervision 74
BUS BAR Measuring unit
- Over-voltage protection 59
- Under-voltage protection 27
- zero overvoltage 59Vo
Zig-zag transformer feeder
- Over-current protection 50/51
- Directional earth over-current protection (CT toroidal
67N (**)
and delta open VT connections )
- Neutral over-current protection 50/51N
Capacitor feeder
- Over-current protection 50/51
- Neutral over-current protection 50/51N
- Negative phase sequence protection 46(*)
DC auxiliary power supply under-voltage 80
Disturbance Recorder DR
Electrical measurements P, Q, I, V, cosϕ
(*) protection function to be required if shown on single line diagram
(**) 67N function, protects the MV system in event of earthing fault, when isolated system is defined with very
low or nule current limitation is selected in the MV system (IT system)
10.3.4. COMMISSIONING
To check protection system the contractor shall:
Check all protection power supplies.
Verify all secondary current and voltage circuits´ s impedance starting from connection to transformer
(CT & VT) checking all intermediate marshalling, up to protection terminals and check the burden
compliance with the CTs and Vts sizing report.
Verify the electrical diagram of the protections and instrument transformers supplied and their
insertion in accordance to the final project documents.
Check of the correct vector group between primary and secondary circuits.
Check current transformers for homopolar current (toroidal embracing MV cables); especial
importance to the shielded cables, passing the earthing connection through the ring of the toroidal.
Check fiber optic system, contractor shall verify:
o Design of the cable and accessories : cable caracteristics type according to the project; FAT
Certificates and data sheets. Core terminals type acc design and data sheets.
o Identification of circuits and loops acc “as constructed” lay out and labelling.
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As precondition to this test the contractor shall assure that has checked previously all previous
protection/measurement.
MEETERING SYSTEM
The metering system must be compliant with local regulation.
As general rules the meters have these characteristics:
The meters must be placed inside of floor mounted cabinets only used for this purpose.
Cabinet Power supply from DC system 125 VDC, auxiliary AC feeder for lighting, sockets and
anticondensation heaters.
Integrated in Substation Control System using normalized protocols.
Rack mounted for each meter for easy replacement with auto short circuit in current measure.
Maximum of four energy-meters inside the same cabinet.
All the connection point for the wires from CT and VT must be equal or more than six (6) mm2.
All the entrance for cabling will be done from the bottom level.
The metering system must be integrated in Substation Control System using IEC104 protocol. Other
protocols can be provided but must be authorized by Enel.
10.4.1. COMMISSIONING
The contractor shall at least:
Check and provide measurement documentation and certification of individual devices
Check and provide measurement documentation and certification of CT and
Check installation of meters and transformers for absence of damages
Verify unit is connected and configured in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and
project drawings
Check Revenue Meters are tested and certified by an independent third party Metering
Company and calibrated/compensated for line drop to read the same as the Revenue Meter
in the Utility Substation
Set instrument transformer ratios, system type, frequency, and communication requirements
Verify correct recording and storing of measurement data
The contractor shall perform all the checks and provide the documentation requested as per
local regulation.
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LIGHTING
11.1.1. EXTERNAL LIGHTING SYSTEM
The supply shall include the external lighting of the electric station, that must be designed to ensure the
following compliance with the applicable regulations:
a) average luminance levels sufficient to allow access to the various facilities of the station;
b) emergency lighting to reach, from the entrance gate, the local cabin/building and all escape
way;
c) average luminance levels sufficient to allow maintenance;
The minimum guaranteed values shall be:
- minimum 10 lux for external lighting system
- minimum 5 lux for external emergency lighting system
The outdoor lighting system will be executed in order to achieve three different modes of operation:
n° 1 circuit with lamps arranged on the inside perimeter of the electric station, must ensure a
degree of illumination sufficient to reach the different structures of the transformer station,
starting from the entrance gate, with average lux required in respect to the applicable standard
on lighting levels in the workplace. For this circuit will be used energy-saving lamps. The circuit
will turn on by light sensor and is powered by the UPS. This circuit must satisfy as described
here above point " a)"
n° 1 circuit for emergency lighting. The circuit will be lighted on by twilight and in case of black-
out will be powered by UPS. It must satisfy the condition described at point "b". It will illuminate,
by motion detection sensor, the entrance gate.
n° 1 lighting circuit of the station, built with LED lights installed on poles made of fiberglass
with a height of not less than 6 meters above ground. The circuit will turn on, with personal
presence, through manual or sunlight sensor, able to satisfy, with average luminance, the
working condition described at point " c “.
The headlights and cables of the outside lighting circuits, must be double insulation type. The external
lighting projectors must be LED type, with die-cast body with corrosion-resistant aluminum with cooling fins
diffuser with glass front closure tempered thickness of 5 mm, impact resistant and thermal shock resistant,
silicone gaskets and stainless steel screws, nylon cable gland IP66, body IP66 degree of protection,
metalized polycarbonate lenses with high performance, micro-facetted finish that reduces direct glare.
The projectors will be installed on poles in fiberglass and will be provided with all the material necessary for
the correct installation and operation.
The poles are fiberglass, they will have a minimum height of 6 meters above the ground and will be provided
in the project including special processes for bottom hole for electrical and buttonhole for recessed junction
box type shell, sealing in the hole, the supply and installation of the shelf for support of lighting fixtures and
junction box type door shell with pole aluminum alloy die casting, bearing 2 fuse holders and fuses.
11.1.2. INTERNAL LIGHTING AND SOCKETS SYSTEM
Inside auxiliary buildings a 230 V - 50 Hz lighting and 400/230 V sockets system must be provided, created
with high quality branded components, to allow clear visibility during the execution of operations. The
systems, in protected execution, will also include self-powered ceiling lights, complete with batteries for
emergency lighting.
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comprising of:
n° 1 socket 3P+E 32 A complete with plug and fuses;
n° 2 sockets 2P+E 16 A interlocked complete with plug;
n° 2 standard sockets 16 A;
n° 2 10 A sockets for the power supply of portable spotlights;
n° 3 sockets 16 A in each room/corridor, distributed at regular intervals. All the sockets must comply
with the country standards.
The rooms will have a light distribution with a minimum illumination of 500 luxes. The lights must be ceiling
lights with IP 65 and easy substitution of the lamps. At least the 50% of the lights must be used as emergency
lights.
The external lighting should be achieved by projectors with long life gas discharge lamps of at least 100W
mounted onto a frame that allows wide adjustment of orientation. The control logics of the external lighting
system are included in the auxiliary service switchgear.
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The signals should be repeated for an appropriate period for the building, but not less than 180s.
Sounders will be in compliance with the international and local standard (for example to the NFPA 72 code).
11.2.2.4. Optical signallers
Alarm signal shall be rotating mirror or strobe light type. The bulb and mirror assembly shall be covered by a
red coloured lens and give an output of 15 candles/second @ 1 meter. Lens and wiring base assembly shall
form a complete weatherproof housing. Mirror shall rotate at a rate of once per second.
Signal lamps will be in compliance with the international and local standard (for example to the NFPA 72
code).
11.2.2.5. Manual call points
Manual call points will be installed near the entrance doors as well as along the escape ways, and installed
on surface mounted box. Color will be red and they are provided with the word “FIRE” in local official
language.
They shall be breakable “safety glass” type, to avoid risk of injury in case of operation; periodic test can be
performed using a special key, without the need to remove glass.
Manual call points will be in compliance with the international and local standard (for example to the NFPA
72 code).
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11.2.2.6. Painting
For hose station cabinets and other mechanical component is also applicable the above mentioned reference
cycle, but also “manufacturer standard” could be prepared if not in contrast with local painting rules.
In any case the painting shall be fire retardant (90 min) if not in contrast with local proper laws and standards
Component color will be as follows:
Piping, hose stations frame, FACP, manual call point will be RAL 3001;
Fire extinguisher: as per LOCAL standards;
Other components; supplier standard and/or local codes, if any.
11.2.2.7. Portable fire extinguishers
Portable fire extinguishers shall be supplied in compliance with local code/NFPA 10 code.
They shall be installed in visible position, with signalization and shall have a dedicated wall- mounting
support. Otherwise pedestal support shall be supplied.
11.2.2.8. Building mechanical properties
The rooms, inside the substation building, will be divided into compartments with fire retardant walls and
barriers in order to avoid the fire and gases propagation. All crossing points, between rooms, will guarantee
the non-propagation of the fire and gases (for example cable path, doors, crossing tubes).
A natural ventilation system (forced to be evaluated in case of the natural one shouldn’t be enough) shall be
installed in order to avoid gases passing.
The battery room ventilation will be natural or forced in accordance to the international and local standards
The supplier shall guarantee the respect of the international and local standards\laws.
11.2.2.9. Electrical system and equipment
11.2.2.9.1. Equipment protection
All equipment in the scope of supply shall be provided, as minimum, with the following protection level (or
NEMA equivalent):
IP 43 ->Internal installation
IP 55 ->External installation
11.2.2.9.2. Cables and cable ways
Power and control cables shall be fire resistant type with low gas emissions. Control and instrumentation
cables shall be shielded.
Cables to be laid out near high temperature parts shall be of the type with high temperature resistant
insulation.
Cable trays and conduits shall comply with international and local standards (for example to the NFPA 70
code).
Cable painting (if any) shall be fire retardant (90 min) if not in contrast with local proper laws and standards.
11.2.2.9.3. Earthing connection
All the supplied equipment shall be connected to the substation earthing system. Connection shall be
performer by copper cables, copper bars and BTH bars, included in the scope of supply.
11.2.3. COMMISSIONING
The tests shall ensure the functionality of various components, as well as their integration. The Contractor
shall carry out the following activities:
check of the sensitivity and speed of intervention of all the smoke detectors using appropriate
simulators;
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"cross-check" of the area excluding one or more lines of detectors and checking the operation of the
remaining detectors;
Check of the operation of all acoustic and visual signals
Check of gas detection system in Battery areas ( for applicable battery technologies) according to
the following criteria:
the operation of the first pre-alarm threshold must start the fan(s);
the operation of all other thresholds shall operate visual/acoustic signals;
the intervention of all threshold shall be wired to SCADA system
Check of alarms and any other additional interfaces to other systems.
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11.4.1. COMMISSIONING
The tests shall ensure the functionality of the various sections, as well as their correct integration.
The tests shall be performed on each section isolated from the other section and shall at least consist of:
Visual inspection to confirm that the positioning of detectors and the relative electrical
system correspond to the design documents and the legislation in force;
Check of the correctness of all the supply;
Testing of the sensitivity and speed of intervention of all the detectors, simulating a real
attempted intrusion;
Check of the loop/cross-check of the local excluding one or more lines of detectors and
verifying the operation of the remaining detectors with a real attempted intrusion;
Check of the operation of all acoustic and visual signals;
Check of alarms reports and any other additional interfaces to other systems
ANTI-RODENT SYSTEM
An anti-rodent system will be provided by SUPPLIER and dimensioned according to each module layout. In
addition are the responsibility of the SUPPLIER all materials, equipment, expenses and obligations, even if
not explicitly mentioned in this chapter, need to provide the installation complete in every part, correctly sized,
functioning and compliance with the regulations in force, with exclusion as described below.
The system will include the following supplies:
Central unit controller, type BLACK TERRIER or similar;
Speaker terminals medium frequency, type BLACK TERRIER or similar, complete with
fixing accessories;
batteries, control and signalization;
Cables, brackets and mounting accessories.
The system will be designed taking into account the propagation characteristics of the interference signals
their structures.
These signals must not interfere on radio, on alarm systems, remote control and remote indications present
in the plant; similarly, the operation of the rodent must not be sensitive to electromagnetic disturbances
induced by other installations.
The control units, also should be protected from overvoltage or disturbances coming from the power supply
network.
The emissions produced by the system should not pose any risk to human health or cause discomfort to
people who work in environments affected by the phenomenon.
The controller must be adapted to drive at least 4 medium frequency speaker with display for programming
and control of the plant, will be shown anomalies in the system. In particular, the terminals should be identified
or the area damaged and the type of fault.
The speakers will be of the high efficiency cone, made of brass, with adjustable bracket and IP66 protection.
They will be powered by low voltage control unit.
11.5.1. COMMISSIONING
The contractor shall:
Assure that all cables are tested for continuity, insulation, resistance etc.
assure system installation as per drawing
Carry out visual checks on all satellites & consoles to ascertain they are free from any
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mechanical damage, and on cables, interface modules etc. to ensure they are properly
installed.
Check for proper termination & ferruling.
Check Input AC/DC Supply Voltage.
Check location/spacing of satellites as in drawing.
Check Distribution of satellites / Zones as per Drawing.
In Test mode check for each transducer that it is generating sound.
Check that frequency output from panel is set as per manual recommendation.
If main supply fails, check that panel is working on battery supply.
Check that panel display and all keys are working properly.
Check if supply is provided to the transducers from the main controller
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The engineering services will be provided for preliminary, basic, detailed, construction and as built design.
The design of the High Voltage Station will be according to basic design enclosed, permitting documents,
local laws, technical requirements and/or grid code indicated by TSO\DSO.
Conceptual, functional and detail engineering shall be provided for all the components included in the scope
of supply.
The engineering services will include calculation, required studies, bill of material and engineering assistance
during construction, pre-commissioning, commissioning, start-up, testing, inspection, reports for all Civil,
Electrical, Mechanical works and equipment included in the scope of work.
This includes but is not limited to the design entire Substation HV/MV, MV collector system, HV, MV and LV
cable and ducts, Fiber Optic cables and ducts, SCADA, O&M buildings, site layout, fences, switchgear
enclosure, switchgear etc.
The design of technical rooms, LV and MV panel, etc have to to guarantee a future expansion of 25%.
The design must take into consideration the installation requirements from sub-supplier, the interconnection
utility standard, safety standards, basic documents that ENEL will provide, as well as the Owners
requirements as per the Agreement.
All drawings, technical specifications, documents, reports, and certifications shall be submitted and stamped
by a registered Professional Engineer recognized by the Engineering Country Council or Local
Government’s Entity .
SCOPE
12.1.1. ELECTRICAL DESIGN
The overall design will include calculation, drawings, specs, tables, for all electro mechanical equipment.
Each design must be in compliance with the technical documents, drawings and equipment data sheets.
The scope of work includes but is not limited to:
7) (If required by Owner) Produce a System Model (Power Factory - DigSilent), both Static and
Dynamic, as requested by TSO\DSO of all plant (from PV\Wind system to point of connection to the
grid).
a) Design Project SCADA and Communication system (The SCADA system must have an minimum
value of reliability of 99,5 %);
b) Develop interfaces with: ”Plant Scada”, all IED and“PV/Wind/Hydro/Geothermal/Biomass Station
Scada” and “Interconnection Station RTU/SCADA” and the ENEL Local Monitoring Room; develop
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communications systems.
c) Review Engineering Designs and Documents to identify issues that have potential to cause delays
or inefficiencies during construction;
d) Work to assure efficient implementation of Substation control scope, including:
HV and MV systems Station Control Logics for control and supervision.
Functional description of control systems and List of signals.
Substation Data Communications Design - and specifications.
Verification requiements of: Communication Channel, Communication Factor/Media,
Bandwidth, Protocol implementation and Data transfer order/indexing, format and
scaling.
Assist project staff to develop plans and/or recommendations for addressing
issues related to SCADA/Communications.
Provide SCS-SCADA operational and maintenance manuals, drawings, hardware and
software documents including licenses and training.
12.1.3. ENGINEERING FOR INTERCONNECTION TO THE TSO/DSO GRID
The connection to the TSO\DSO Grid shal be guaranteed by providing all technical and permitting documents
need to connect the entire plant (Renewable Plant with HV Station, Overhead Line and HV Interconnection
Station).
The scope of work requested can include the following activities and documents, final scope is defined in the
project specific requirements (Grid code requirements):
Verify to compliance with National Local Standards and National Grid Code;
Verify to compliance with TSO\DSO Standards and Rules;
Short Circuit Calculations and Fault Studies;
Load flow/power flow study (showing compliance with power factor and voltage requirements
at all load levels);
Insulation Study;
Transient Stability Study;
Protection Coordination Study, Selectivity and Protection Settings;
Study of Harmonics;
Reactive Power Study;
Study of Power Transformer Inrush;
Designing and Specifying Automation, Monitoring and Control Systems type Network Active
Power Regulation, Reactive Power Regulation, frequency, Harmonics….;
Clarification of modeling the electrical system used for studies;
Attendance at meetings with ENEL, TSO, DSO and/or others Design Units involved in the
Project of the Renewable Plant;
Telephone support or e-mail permanently associated with the scope of the contract.
All activities described above must satisfy the requirements need to the obtaining of the authorization for the
interconnection project. If necessary the consultant may propose in his opinion other studies or activities not
considered in these terms of reference to enable the achievement of this goal and ENEL right is reserved to
consider in evaluating the offer.
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The Contractor shall plan, establish, implement and maintain a quality assurance system for the Works,
which shall meet the requirements set out in ISO 9001 - 2015 standard, in the technical specifications and in
the Agreement.
For the purpose, prior the commencement of the requested Works, the Contractor shall submit to ENEL GPG
the “Project Quality Plan” for its evaluation and validation. This document to be developed in accordance to
the technical specification GRE.EEC.Q.61.IT.X.00000.00.034 “Contractor/Supplier Project Quality Plan
minimum requirements”.
Everything that applies to the main Contractor also applies to Sub-Contractors.
See attachment XX: GRE.EEC.Q.61.IT.X.00000.00.034.00 “Contractor/Supplier Project Quality Plan
minimum requirements”
QUALITY CONTROL
The Contractor shall plan and execute the inspections and the tests for controlling that the Works have met
the functional and performance requirements set out in this document.
The management of the quality control activities are set out in the technical specification
GRE.EEC.Q.61.IT.X.00000.00.034 “Contractor/Supplier Project Quality Plan minimum requirements”.
Find attached to this document the QCP’s where are listed the minimum inspections/tests and the relevant
samples requested by ENEL GPG.
All the following documents are attached as annexes of this Technical Standard.
Manufacturing:
EGP.EEC.Q.37.XX.X.00000.16.035.01 Surge Arrester
EGP.EEC.Q.37.XX.X.00000.16.034.01 Disconnector
EGP.EEC.Q.37.XX.X.00000.16.037.01 Circuit Breaker
EGP.EEC.Q.37.XX.X.00000.16.038.01 Current Transformer
EGP.EEC.Q.37.XX.X.00000.16.039.01 Inductive Voltage Transformer
EGP.EEC.Q.37.XX.X.00000.16.040.01 Capacitive voltage transformer
GRE.EEC.Q.37.XX.X.00000.10.018.00 QCP_MV_SWITCHGEAR
GRE.EEC.Q.30.XX.X.00000.08.014.01 QCP - SCADA
Construction:
GRE.EEC.Q.00.XX.A.00000.00.186.01 ITP SUBSTATION
Commissioning:
GRE.EEC.Q.45.XX.A.00000.00.209.00 HV SUBSTATION
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14. COMMISSIONING
The aim of this chaptar is to give the description and the requirements of the commissioning and start-up
activities and tests, for the acceptance of the equipments and systems included in the Substation and as
optional, services of operation (temporary) if requested.
Tests shall be carried out by the Contractor to confirm the compliance with the ENEL GPG specifications, to
check its inherent safety and test each component and the system in its entirety.
The Commissioning manager of the Contractor shall be resident on site and nominated with an official letter
to ENEL GPG Commissioning manager. In case ENEL GPG will ask the replacement of a member of the
commissioning team, the Contractor has the duty to comply with this request.
The Commissioning manager of the Contractor shall provide to ENEL GPG a report for each component with
the final design documentation.
The start-up tests shall be satisfactory for each equipment/systems supplied by the contractor. The single
equipment/system start-up tests shall be followed by a higher level of tests which involve the project entirely,
for which shall be supplied the procedure of test for the single component integrated with the other systems.
The tests shall guarantee the minimum performances as per the Technical Specifications for the single
equipment/system as well as for the entire plant.
ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager will supervise and approve all checks and tests according to approved
QCP, having access to all the areas during test; in case particular qualification or license are necessary for
ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager to be present on the test, will be a duty of the Contractor to provide
relevant training and rights.
The contractor shall:
Define a Commissioning and Start-Up Team that includes Supervisors, HSEQ personnel, personnel
that temporary operate the plant, personnel involved in activitities and tests also remotely and the
interface with the ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager, providing at least four week in advance to
the arrival on site relevant CV for ENEL GPG Commissioning evaluation;
Prepare equipments and systems commissioning procedures and overall system commissioning
procedures to be submitted for approval to ENEL GPG
Define the Schedule for Commissioning & Start-Up tests up to the full completion of the tests
including the involved resources (teams number and composition),
Prepare commissioning ITP/QCP to be submitted to ENEL GPG forapproval,
Perform the commissioning verifications (Inspections, tests and reports) and start-up activities for
the equipments/systems, providing to ENEL GPG commissioning manager a daily and a weekly
report on that;
Manage the master copy of documentation and deliver red-marked documentation “as-built”.
The commissioning and start-up tests shall include (but shall not be limited to) the following activities:
Checking that the new infrastructure, equipment and system is compliant with the final
documentation;
Visual inspections
Tests that include measurements, cold tests, hot tests, assembly tests and functional tests,
certifications by third parties where necessary.
The above activities may vary according to the specific plant to which the systems and equipment relevant
to this Technical Specification refer to.
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The inspections and tests should be performed by using appropriate instruments and all personnel involved
shall use adequate PPE.
The external power supply necessary for pre-commissioning activities, shall be provided by Contractor.
The necessary number of auxiliary temporary power supplies (i.e. diesel power generator units), appropriate
in terms of electrical characteristics (voltage, power, number of phases, frequency, etc.), necessary to
perform the pre-commissioning activities, has to be defined by the Contractor, in order to fit commissioning
duration according to the contract.
When conducting checks and tests the Contractor may deal with the following situations:
Design errors (for example: the layout is not working, undersized/oversized component parts, etc.);
The design is operational but doesn’t respect safety standards;
Errors in operation, non compliances with specifications or contractual requirements.
Any kind of observation shall be immediately relayed to the ENEL GPG Commisisoning Manager. Non
conformities and design change proposals shall be immediately submitted to ENEL GPG Commissioning
Manager.
COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE
For each item of the proposed QCP the contractor shall prepare a commissioning procedure and submit it to
ENEL GPG for the approval of ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager.
The commissioning procedure shall contain:
Method statement
Acceptance criteria
Reference documentation (single line diagram, functional drawing, datasheet, ITP/QCP already
approved by ENEL GPG).
Reference standards
List of instruments to be used and calibration certificates.
Test forms.
Hereby the reference list of procedures that the contractors shall prepare to cope with inspections and tests
described in this document. For each inspection and each verification included in the QCP provided, the
contractors shall indicate, if applicable, the reference procedure code (defined in compliance with to ENEL
GPG quality management system requirements)
Reference
progressive Reference Title
number
001 Commissioning Procedure for HV transmission system
002 Commissioning Procedure for HV system and bus bars
003 Commissioning Procedure for HV/MV transformer
004 Commissioning Procedure for Grounding System
005 Commissioning Procedure for MV/LV transformer
006 Commissioning Procedure for Diesel Generator
007 Commissioning Procedure for UPS (AC DC)
008 Commissioning Procedure for Fire fighting system
Commissioning Procedure for protection and control
009
system
010 Commissioning Procedure for metering system
Commissioning Procedure for plant SCADA and SIT (Not
011
Applicable For Substation Contractor)
012 Commissioning Procedure for Air Conditioning HVAC
013 Commissioning Procedure for Anti-intrusion System
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RAMP-UP PHASE
The ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager will define the ramp-up of the plant including the systems and
equipment this document refers to. The Contractor shall indicate the number of involved resources, timing
and percentage of availability of the single parts of the power plants that contribute to the the ramp up,
respecting the maximum time indicated in tender documentation.
Previous
Phase
Phase name Description phase
number
completed
For each sub-functional group is
1 Cold individual tests indicated the time schedule of the NA
entire set of individual test.
For each functional group is indicated
2 Cold assembly tests the time schedule of the entire set of 1
assembly test.
Is indicated the energization time
3 Plant energization schedule of the functional groups 1.X, 2
2.X, 3.X, 4.X
Is indicated the energization time
4 CU/WTG Ramp-Up schedule of the functional groups 3
5.X/4.X
The ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager will issue a binding version of the plant general commissioning
and start-up schedule that will be subscribed by the Contractor. Any variations in the programme provided
by the Contractor shall be promptly bought to the attention of the ENEL GPG Commissioning manager and
all necessary steps shall be taken by the contractor to avoid changing the final dates for commissioning
milestones.
PRELIMINARY CHECKS AND TURNOVER DOCUMENTATION
Before starting any commissioning activities, documentation check and preliminary checks for each
component and system shall be performed, in order to verify the conformity to the project and the eligibility
to put the equipment/system in service.
The documentation shall include at least:
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Project documentation in “as constructed” revision: single line diagrams, functional drawings, layouts
etc, The Contractor’s is responsible for obtaining, from ENEL GPG and the suppliers, at the plant’s
location, all of the most recently revised version of the documentation (in paper and digital format).
Commissioning and Start-Up general time schedule updated, that shall include all the
components/equipment/systems.
Approved component/equipment/systems Commissioning Procedures
Component/equipment/systems Manuals
Construction verification, certification/report
Certification of third parties (if required)
Factory Acceptance Tests (FAT) reports
A “completion of works statement” by the constructor
The inspections shall include at least:
Check for completion of works of the systems/components/equipment;
Check that the involved areas are kept clear of people and things;
Check that all parts, if necessary, are properly and permanently connected to the ground grid;
Checking for mechanical defects (cracks, moisture penetration, bubbles, IP level, water etc.);
Check for corrosions in the components, the frames and the structures;
Check the presence and completeness of all the nameplates and all the information required for
correct identification of each component;
Verify for each components of equipment/systems the proper anchoring acording to the project;
Check the insulation and thightening of screws and bolts;
Check the integrity of the PE conductor and the status of the grounding clamps;
Once the preliminary checks have been carried out proper labeling and segregation of the system
shall be implemented by the contractor giving proper communication to all the companies working
on site
Any other measure necessary for the performance of tests in safety.
Check that there aren’t Non Conformities (NC) and Permit to Work (PTW) open by construction.
At the end of these checks shall be produced a turnover format between Site Manager and Commissioning
Manager of the Contractor, signed by Safety responsible and Commissioning Manager of ENEL GPG. Only
after this acceptance by ENEL GPG the tests are allowed to start in the case in which the scope of supply of
the contractor fits with one or more functional group described above.
From this moment on, the Contractor Commissioning Manager is the plant responsible and each work on the
area shall be performed with a Permit to Work system using LOTO procedures, described in a dedicated
document submitted for approval to ENEL GPG commissioning manager.
This information must be considered as condition of the contract and if the conditions are not met by
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The temporary operation period can be divided in to phases, also considering the project commitment plan:
Phase 1: between the first energization of the substation and the provisional acceptance certificate
(PAC) between the Client (ENEL GPG) and the Contractor. PAC certifies the acceptance of the
substation by the ENEL GPG and determines the transition of ownership to the ENEL GPG. In Phase
1 the ownership of the substation belongs to the substation contractor; in this period the configuration
of the system and the manoeuvres are under substation contractor responsibility. In phase 1 the
temporary operation service is considered mandatory for the substation contractor.
Phase 2: after the PAC the ownership of the substation passes to the Client, consequently all the
configuration has to be agreed with the ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager, of course acting
always for ordinary maintenance actions, in accordance with the prescriptions for avoiding issues
with guarantee of the components. For phase 2 the temporary operation service is considered an
optional service to be quoted on a monthly basis by the substation contractor, during the tender
phase.
If not foreseen a country control room the substation Contractor operator shall provide a 24h7 shift to control
the substation. The substation contractor operator shall act as interface with the TSO as well.
Activities are basically the following, including but not limited to:
Walkdown on site to verify general status of the station
Carrying out of the manoeuvring of the system’s electrical units aimed at setup changes for the tests
requested by ENEL GPG Commissioning Manager or by the power grid operator.
Undertaking normal and scheduled maintenance activities, with particular attention to legally or
regulatory required checks in compliance with the methods and deadlines envisaged.
Recording of all the main electrical data according to a format given by the ENEL GPG
commissioning manager.
In case of fault, performing of the root cause analysis together with the proposal for corrective action
needed for restoring the system’s functionality, and if possible with operations to minimize the
outage, with a view to guarantee the best possible commercial performances, in accordance with the
production capacity available.
In case replacement of components is required, execution of the necessary commissioning to assure
the necessary checks to safely re-energize the systems.
In case of emergency proposing solutions and/or temporary operation to solve the issues as soon
as possible.
After approval of commissioning manager, adjusting the setting of the protections and execution of
the necessary secondary injections to verify the proper implementation
Management of permit to work (see dedicated subparagraph below)
The activities carried out during temporary operation of the plant shall be compliant with rules and legislation
in force in the country the substation is built in.
The substation operator technicians shall have on site with proper instrumentation and shall have the licences
and qualifications in order to operate the substation according to the country rules and laws.
Instrumentation set will be composed by an individual part, like PPE, FLUKE multimeter or equivalent, laptop,
box with basic tools etc..: this equipment will give technicians the possibility to safely operate in the scope of
work defined above.
In addition, as staff equipment for each substation, the substation contractor team should be equipped with
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15. ANNEXES