Apaththam Third Issue

1 mgj;jk; g';Fdp.
2023
g';Fdp 2023
3
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Fdp.2023
2023 2
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xU mwbewp ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ nghuhl;lj;jpdhy; jtpu ntbwe;j
kj';fnsh. jj;Jt';fnsh tHpapYk; fpilj;jpUf;f Koahj.
fhl;oa mwbewpfis tpl. mtqfs; epidj;Jg; ghqj;jpUf;ff;
Raey'; fle;J. jhd; thGk; r:Kf Tl Koahj eyd;fis. eh';fs;
eyd; rhqe;j mwbewp xd;W. ,d. nghuhog; bgw;w nghJ. ve;j
FG ntWghLfSf;Fk; mg;ghy;. btl;fKk; ,d;wp mDgtpj;Jf;
Fiwe;jgl;rk; rf kdpjid bfhz;lhqfs;/ rpyq jh';fSk;
rkkhf epidf;fpd;w mst[f;fhtJ. nghuhondhk; vd;W cupika[k;
xt;bthU kdpjUf;Fk; ,Uf;f nfhupf; bfhz;lhqfs;/
ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vg;nghJnk vd; kw;w ez;gqfSf;F. ehd;
vjpqghqg;ghf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ/ ,tqfis mwbewp ,y;yhj
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rhqe;j ,e;j mwbewpjhd; principles vd;gJz;L/
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vd;W ehd; epidf;fpnwd;/ mlf;FKiwfSf;Fs;Sk;
gy ,l';fspy; vg;nghJnk rhj;jpakhtJk;
,jdhy; Vkhw;w';fSf;F ,y;iy/
cs;shfpapUf;fpnwd;/ thiaj; jpwe;jhy;
ehd; ntiy bra;j tha;f;Fs; bto tpGk; vd;w
epWtdj;jpy; bjhHpw;r';fg; td;dpf; fhl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; fPH;.
nghuhl;lj;jpw;F jiyik thia :Kof; bfhz;oUe;jhqfs;
jh';fp. ntiy gwpnghff; vd;W. btspehl;oy; thGk; ehd;
Toa Mgj;Jf;fspd; kj;jpapYk; vg;gof; Fw;wk; rhl;l Koa[k;?
mij elj;jpa nghJ. jd;idg; gpupj;jhSk; je;jpuj;jpd;
nghd;w rf bjhHpyhsqfs; kPJ fPH; kdpjqfisg; gpupj;J. gu!;gu
btWg;g[k;. moikfSf;fhd btWg;ig cUthf;fpa mikg;gpd;
v$khd tpRthrKk; bfhz;l fPH;. gpwe;J tsqe;jtqfspy;
gy <dqfisf; fz;L btl;fKk; gyq moik kndhghtj;jpy;.
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j';fisg; nghd;nw jd; cld;gpwg;g[fis
Ruz;lg;gl;L mePjpf;Fs;shFk; fhl;of; bfhLf;Fk;
bjhHpyhsqfSf;F vjpuhf. ,ay;g[ bfhz;oUg;gijf;
j';fSila tpRthrj;jpw;F fz;oUf;fpnwd;/
gpujpa[gfhuk; fpilf;Fk; vd;w vdJ bjhHpw;r';fg;
vjpqghqg;gpy;. v$khdqfSf;F nghuhl;lj;jpy; mt;thwhd
cst[ ghqj;jtqfs;. ,ay;g[ bfhz;oUe;jtqfspy;
vjpuhfr; braw;gl;ltqfs; gyq. fupgpad; ehLfspy; njhl;l
n$hq$; ,/FU=;nrt;
3 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
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mtqfs; bra;j tpla';fs;.
ahH;g;ghzpf; fzpg;gPl;od;go
Jnuhfk; vd;wpUe;jhYk;.
Mis Ms; btWf;Fk; ,ay;igf; mt;thwhdbjhU :Klg;gl;l
bfhz;oUg;gijg; gw;wp. mlf;FKiw moikr; NHypy;
vd;ndhL ntiy bra;j xUtd; tsqe;jtqfspd; cyfj;jpd;
Twpa[k; ,Ue;jhd;/ mwbewp mt;thwhdjhfj;
mtqfs; bra;j tpla';fs;. jhnd ,Uf;Fk;/ mt;thwhd
ahH;g;ghzpf; fzpg;gPl;od;go kdepiy bfhz;oUf;f
Jnuhfk; vd;wpUe;jhYk;. ntz;oatqfshfj; jhnd
mt;thwhdbjhU :Klg;gl;l mtqfs; tsqf;fg;gl;lhqfs;/
mlf;FKiw moikr; NHypy;
tsqe;jtqfspd; cyfj;jpd; moikfspd; ,ayhikia.
mwbewp mt;thwhdjhfj; mtqfs; nghuhlhky;
jhnd ,Uf;Fk;/ mt;thwhd
ml';fp ,Uf;fpwhqfs; vd;W.
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btspapy; ,Uf;Fk; eh';fs;
Fw;wk; rhl;l KoahJ/
moikfspd; ,ayhikia. facebook: George RC
mtqfs; nghuhlhky; ml';fp
,Uf;fpwhqfs; vd;W. btspapy; bjupt[ bra;tjw;fhd $dehaf bra;fpwhqfs;/ mjpfhuj;ijg;
,Uf;Fk; eh';fs; Fw;wk; rhl;l murpay; cupikahf thf;Fupik gad;gLj;jp ve;jf; Tr;rKk; Fw;w
KoahJ/ mjdhy; jhd; ,tqfspd; ,Uf;fpwJ/ czqt[k; ,y;yhky;. CHy; bra;J
braw;ghLfshy; vdf;F btl;fKk; Mdhy; bgUk;ghYk; bfhs;is moj;J FLk;g';fis
JauKk; te;jnjay;yhky;. nfhgk; me;j $dehaf bjupt[ vd;gJ. tsg;gLj;Jfpwhqfs;/
te;jjpy;iy/ KGikahf v';fs; mwbewpf; mij vdJ bjhHpw; r';fg;
Mdhy;. mjpfhuj;jpw;F bfhs;ifnahL xd;wpj;Jg; nghf nghuhl;lj;jpd;nghJ. eh';fs;
ml';fpg; ngha; bksdkhf ,Uf;f Koahjgof;F. murpay; fl;rpfs; cjtp nfl;l bgUk; bjhHpw;
neupl;lhYk;. jd;idg; nghd;w eilKiwr; rpf;fy;fisa[k;. r';fj; jiyikfsplk; Tlf;
jd; rfkdpjqfspd; eyd;fSf;F mjpfhuj; J=;gpunahf';fisa[k; fz;oUf;fpnwd;/
ghjpg;g[ Vw;gLj;Jk; mst[f;F. bfhz;oUg;gjhYk;. eh';fs;
mjpfhuj;ij Muhjpj;Jg; g[fH;e;J KGikahf tpUk;g[k; fl;rpfs; ,g;goahf g[dpjg;
Raeyd; milaf; TlhJ vd;gJ Ml;rpaikf;f re;jqg;gk; ,y;yhky;
nghuhl;l';fs; mjpfhuj;jpw;fhf
xt;bthU kdpjDf;Fkhd ,Ug;gjhYk;. thf;fspg;g[ vd;gJj';fs; Mjuthsqfisna rpiwg;
Fiwe;jgl;r mwbewpahf ,Uf;f vg;nghJnk lesser of two evilsgpof;ft[k;. bfhiy bra;at[k;
ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vd;iwf;Fk; vd; vd;W. nkhrkhdjpy; Xust[
ja';Ftjpy;iy/
vjpqghqg;ghfj; jhd; ,Uf;Fk;/ ey;yijj; bjupt[ bra;tjhfnt kf;fs; nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fk;
Mdhy;. jd; RaeyDf;fhf ,d;iwf;F ,Ue;J tUfpwJ/ mjpfhuj;jpw;Fkhd ntWghL mJ
kw;wtqfspd; gps;isfisg; gyp jhd;/
bfhLg;gijf; Tl epahag;gLj;jp. bfhs;iff;Fk; mjpfhuj;jpw;Fkhd Ml;rp khw;w';fspw;fhd
me;j <dr;braiyr; bra;fpd;w xU tpj;jpahrk; mt;thwhdJ nghuhl;l';fs; bgUk;ghYk;
mikg;gpd; jiyikiag; nghw;wpg; jhd;/ nghuhl;l';fSf;fhd Vkhw;wkhfnt Kotjd;
g[fH; ghoa xU r:Kfj;jpw;Fs;shy;bfhs;iffs; g[dpjkhdit. fhuzKk; ,Jjhd;/
jhd; ehDk; te;jpUf;fpnwd;/ J}a;ikahdit vd;W nghuhl;l';fspd; :Kyk;
ek;gg;gl;lhYk;. me;j Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpatqfs;.
etPd cyfpy; $dehaf murpaypy; nghuhl;l mikg;g[fs; j';fSf;F vjpuhd
Ml;rpiag; gpog;gjw;fhf mjpfhu ika'; f shFk; n ghJ. nghuhl;l';fis tpUk;g[tjpy;iy/
bfhs;if Kuz;ghLfs; cs;s mit ,d;bdhU gupkhzk; kjj; jiyikg;gPl';fs;
fl;rpfs; nghl;o nghLfpd;wd/ milfpd;wd/ mjd; jiyikf;Fs; Tl ,t;thwhd jdp kdpj mjpfhu
v';fs; mwbewpfnshL xj;Jg; tUk; jdpkdpjqfs; J=;gpunahf';fSf;F mg;ghw;
nghfpd;w fl;rpfs; Ml;rpf;F tu mjpfhu'; f is jf; f itj; J f; gl;litahf ,Ug;gJkpy;iy/
ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gp mijj; bfhs;s J=;gpunahf';fs;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 4
“
r:Kf ePjp rhqe;j bfhs;ifg;gpog;g[ vd;gJ mwk; rhqe;jJ. bghJeyd;
rhqe;jJ/ mij Mjupg;gJ vd;gJ bgUk;ghYk; mjpfhuj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ
jhd;/ jd; rf kf;fSf;F vjpuhdjhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy/
murpay; mikg;g[f;fhd Mjut[ vd;gJ mt;thwhdJ ,y;iy/ mJ Raeyk;

rhqe;jJ/ me;j murpay; mikg;gpd; vjpqj;jug;gpduhd rf kdpjqfisg;
“
gifj;Jf; bfhs;tjw;Fk;. ,Hpgpwtpfshf fUJtjw;Fk; tHp rikf;ff;
ToaJ/ fytu';fs; ,t;thwhd kdepiyahy; jhnd eilbgWfpd;wd/
xU r:Kf eyd; rhqe;j ,e;jp vd;w giftd;. ehlff; Mq. kidtp. Jiztp. capqj;
bfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk;. fhjy; bra;J. jkpHd;idia njhHp. tsqg;g[ kfd;. kz;zpy;
me;jf; bfhs;ifia Kd;bdLf;Fk; Kiwjtwpf; fqg;ge; jupf;f itj;J. jtH; m';fg;gpujp=;l FHe;ijfs;.
murpay; mikg;g[f;F ,dj;jpw;F mtkhdk; Vw;gLj;jp nghjhf;Fiwf;F rpd;dtq. rpd;d
Mjuthsqfshf ,Ug;gjw;Fk; tpLthd; vd;W bghJbtspapy; rpd;dtq vd;bwy;yhk; ePz;L
epiwa tpj;jpahr';fs; cs;sd/ cUthf;fg;gl;l gaKk; me;j muR te;jpUf;Fk; nfypf;Tj;J murpay;
r:Kf ePjp rhqe;j cUthf;fj;jpw;F gad;gl;lJ/ gw;wp jkpH;ehl;L ,yf;fpathjpfs;
bfhs;ifg;gpog;g[ vd;gJ mwk; me;j neuj;J jPtpu :Kr;Rf; Tl tpl;lij xU nghJk;
rhqe;jJ. bghJeyd; rhqe;jJ/ ,yf;fpak; ghqg;gdg; fz;ljpy;iy/
mij Mjupg;gJ vd;gJ bgUk;ghd;ikapd; gpof;Fs; (xU kpft[k; gpugy
bgUk;ghYk; mjpfhuj;jpw;F ,Ue;jjhy;. vjpqg;g[zqtpy; ePz;l ehs; Second-in-command
vjpuhdJ jhd;/ jd; rf kf;fSf;F ,Ue;jhYk;. btspna fhl;of; fl;rpf;fhuiu. #mtd; Jg;g[tjw;Fj;
vjpuhdjhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy/ bfhs;shky; cs;ns FKwpf; jhd; tha; jpwg;ghd;* vd;W ahnuh
murpay; mikg;g[f;fhd bfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;/ brhd;dijf; nfl;oUf;fpnwd;/)
Mjut[ vd;gJ mt;thwhdJ mz;zhtpd; kiwtpd; xU ,dj;jpd;
,y;iy/ mJ Raeyk; rhqe;jJ/ gpd;dhd jpuhtpl murpay; $dehaf ghuk;gupak; ,t;thW
me;j murpay; mikg;gpd; KGikahf. Rakupahijr; rpijf;fg;gl;L nfypf;Tj;jhfp.
vjpqj;jug;gpduhd rf rpe;jidapypUe;J tpyfp. bghJr;brhj;Jf;fs; Kiwaw;w
kdpjqfisg; gifj;Jf; nfypf;Tj;J epiy tiu tpjj;jpy; bfhs;isaof;fg;gl;L
bfhs;tjw;Fk;. ,Hpgpwtpfshf brd;w nghJk;. jkpH;ehl;oy; Ftpf;fg;gl;l nghJk;. ,yf;fpaf;
fUJtjw;Fk; tHp rikf;ff; ,yf;fpathjpfs;. Clf Fk;giyg; bghWj;jtiuapy;. mJ
ToaJ/ fytu';fs; ,t;thwhd tpayhsqfs; me;j <depiy xd;wpy; bksdkhfnth. my;yJ
kdepiyahy; jhnd Fwpj;Jf; FKwpajhff; $hy;uhthfnth jhd; ,J tiu
eilbgWfpd;wd/ fz;ljpy;iy/ ,Ue;J tUfpwJ/
cz;ikapy; jkpH;ehl;L xt;bthU Kjy;tq
jkpH;ehl;L murpay; vd;gJ murpaypd; nfypf;Tj;ij khw;wj;jpd; nghJk;. ghuhl;L tpHh
$dehaf murpay;bewpfSf;F nfypf;Tj;jhfnt fhl;oaJ. vLf;Fk; rpdpkhf;fhuqfs; khjpup.
mg;ghw;gl;l gy nfty';fisj; ,e;Jj;t Mjutpd; Cw;W:Kykhd ,yf;fpafhuqfSk; vLj;jpUf;ff;
jd;dfj;nj bfhz;lJ/ nrh kl;Lk; jhd;/ mtUf;F TLk;/ (vLj;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;
bgupahupd; gFj;jwpt[. mjw;fhd fhuz';fs; ntwhf vd;W ehd; epidf;fpnwd;/
Rakupahij ,af;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;/ mjw;fhd fhuz';fSk; vd;
ftug;gl;ltqfspy; fiy. (,d;;iwf;F mnj epaha';fSk; gpd; xUehs;>)
,yf;fpa Kf;fpa!;jqfs; gyq nfty';fis Cw;Wf;fz;zhf mjw;fhd vz;zpf;if
,Ue;jhqfs;/ ,jdhy; mJ Cf;Ftpf;Fk; FU:Kqj;jpa[k;. gynkh. bghUshjhu gynkh.
murpay; mjpfhuj;ij nehf;fp :Kis $h!;jp g[j;jp$PtpfSf;fhd xw;Wiknah. Mjut[j; jsnkh
efqe;j nghJ. ,yf;fpa jug;gpy; Jf;sf;Fk; jpuhtplj;jhy; ,tqfSf;F ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;>
bgUk; vjpqg;g[fs; ,Ue;jjhf nfypf;Tj;jhf nfyp bra;ag;gLk; Pdf please ,yf;fpa
epidtpy;iy/ Ml;rpaikg;gJ epiyf;F te;jpUg;gJ bgUk; Mqtyqfs; kl;Lk; ,tqfspd;
mDTykhdJ jhd; vd;w Kuz;eif>) gpd;dhy; mzp jpuz;oUe;jhy;.
vz;zkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;/ ,d;W tiuapy;. vk;/$p/ fijna ntW/
#,e;jg; gil nghJkh? cld; gpwg;g[fs; vd;d kzpKofSf;F mo tUl. moKo

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; te;J fhg;ghw;wp tplth njo gd;wpahf khwp. jiyahy;
jhd;/ nghfpwhqfs;? epyk; fpz;l ntz;o tUnkh
,e;j Mjut[ rpy neu';fspy; vd;gjpy; ,tqfSf;F Vw;gl;l
murpay; mikg;g[f;fhd nfypf; T j;jhff; Tl mike;J FHg;gkhft[k; ,Uf;fyhk;/
Mjut[ vd;gJ me;j mikg;g[ tpLfpwJ/ c';fSf;Fk; bjupe;j Mdhy;. xd;W kl;Lk;
mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghJ. xU bgUk; ,yf;fpag;g[s;sp. o/o/ cz;ik. rrpfyh bjhlqe;Jk;
,d;bdhU gupkhzj;ij jpdfud; mspj;j ngl;oiag; murpaypy; ,Ue;J. kz; njhd;W
vl;LfpwJ/ me;j mjpfhuj;jpd; ghqj;J. mtiu xU chief minister Kd; njhd;wpa :Kj;j. bgUik
ve;j Kl;lhs;jdj;ija[k;. material vd;gJ nghy vGjpaijg; kpF jkpHq thGk; ghUf;Fs;ns
r:Kf tpnuhjr; bray;fisa[k;. ghqj;j nghJ jiyapy; if ey;y ehlhk; jkpH;ehl;oy;
murpay; bewpf;F[k; r:Kf ePjpf;Fk; itf;f ntz;Lk; nghy vdf;Fj; Kjy;tuhf te;jjpUe;jhy;. ,e;j
Kuzhd ve;j eltof;ifiaa[k; njhd;wpaJ/ ,yf;fpathjpfspy; gyq gjtpnaw;g[
epahag;gLj;j ntz;oa g H d p r ; r h k p f ; F k ; epfH;tpd; gpd; Jz;L nghqj;jp
fl;lhaj;Jf;Fs;shf;FfpwJ/ gd;dPqr;bry;tj;jpw;Fk; ,e;j rpd;dk;khtpw;F rpe;J ghoapUf;ff;
,jdhy; jhd;. CHiyg; ,yf; f pathjpfspd; filf; fz; Toatqfs; jhd;/
gw;wpa[k; thupR murpaiyg; gw;wpa[k; ghqit Vd; ,d; d Kk; ,d;iwf;F ,ay;
ngRk;nghJ mdhtrpakhf Xo fpilf; f tpy; i ynah bjupahJ/ tpUJf;fhf tlf;F nehf;fpa[k;.
te;J Kz;L bfhLf;f ntz;oa jpuhtplg; ghriwapd; Vnjh fdt[ ,y;yj;jpw;fhf nfhl;il
epiy tUfpwJ/ jh';fs; Mjupf;Fk; xU Kfhkpy; ,Ue; J jhnd nehf;fpa[k; jtk; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j
mikg;gpd; neq mk;r';fisf; mtqfSk; te;jpUf;fpwhqfs;/ ,yf;fpag; bgUe;jiffSf;F.
fhl;o jqf;fuPjpahf epahag;gLj;j mtqfsplk; ,Uf;Fk; kpul;og; gwpj;j g';fshf;fspy;
Koahky;. vjpqj;jug;gpdupd; gzj;jpw;F. g[j;jf btspaPl;L xd;iw bfhLg;gjpy;
vjpqkiw mk;r';fisf; fhl;o. tpHhf;fspy; E}W Kjy; gpujpfs; rpd;dk;kht[f;F mg;go vd;d
##mtqfs; vd;d g[dpjqfsh?* th';fpdhnyna. ,yf;fpathjpfs; rpf;fy; ,Ue;J tplg; nghfpwJ?
vd;Wk;. tpkqrpg;nghiug; ghqj;J ruzile;jpUg;ghqfns>?
#mjd; nghJ fs;s bksdk; (mtqfs; bgUk;ghd;ik xU mjpfhu mikg;ghd fl;rpia
rhjpj;jPqfns?* vd;Wk;. v';nfh Ml; r pf; F te;jhy;. Kjy; bts;isf; Mjupj;J Kz;L bfhLj;J. me;j
,Uf;Fk; rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhj bfho. my; yJ Jz;L. ituKj;J mikg;gpd; Kl;lhs;jd';fis
epaha';fis ,Gj;J te;J. jhd; > ) epahag;gLj;Jtjpy; bgUk; rpf;fy;
vg;ghLgl;lhtJ epahak; brhy;yp. xd;wpy;. ,e;j xd;W ,Uf;fpwJ/
cUl;l neUfpwJ/ ,yf; f pathjpfspd; market value
#if gj;jpuk;* vd;W. gw;wp mwpe;jpUf;Fk; mst[f;F KjyhtJ. xUtupd; eLepiyj;
td;Kiw murpay; ngrf; Tl mtqfs; mwpthspfshf jd;ik gw;wpa ek;gfj;jd;ikia
itf;fpwJ/ ,g;go juk; jhH;e;J ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;/ monahL jfqj;J tpLfpwJ/
ngRk; nghJ. mtDk; jd; my;yJ. mtqfns vg;goj;jhd; Clf $hy;uhf;fs;
kz; z py; jtGk; nghJ. me;j g[fH;e;njj;jpdhYk;. mjpfhuj;jpw;F
“
juj;jpnyna#fhy; gj;jpuk;>*
vd;why;///? te;jt[ld; Xog; ngha; fl;rp khwp
murpay; mikg;g[f;fhd Mjut[ vd;gJ me;j mikg;g[ mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghJ.

,d;bdhU gupkhzj;ij vl;LfpwJ/ me;j mjpfhuj;jpd; ve;j Kl;lhs;jdj;ija[k;.
r:Kf tpnuhjr; bray;fisa[k;. murpay; bewpf;F[k; r:Kf ePjpf;Fk; Kuzhd ve;j
eltof;ifiaa[k; epahag;gLj;j ntz;oa fl;lhaj;Jf;Fs;shf;FfpwJ/
,jdhy; jhd;. CHiyg; gw;wpa[k; thupR murpaiyg; gw;wpa[k; ngRk;nghJ

mdhtrpakhf Xo te;J Kz;L bfhLf;f ntz;oa epiy tUfpwJ/ jh';fs;
Mjupf;Fk; mikg;gpd; neq mk;r';fisf; fhl;o jqf;fuPjpahf epahag;gLj;j Koahky;.
vjpqj;jug;gpdupd; vjpqkiw mk;r';fisf; fhl;o. ##mtqfs; vd;d g[dpjqfsh?* vd;Wk;.
tpkqrpg;nghiug; ghqj;J #mjd; nghJ fs;s bksdk; rhjpj;jPqfns?* vd;Wk;. v';nfh
“
,Uf;Fk; rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhj epaha';fis ,Gj;J te;J. vg;ghLgl;lhtJ epahak;
brhy;yp. cUl;l neUfpwJ/
Mjupg;gtqfSf;Fk; ,nj epiy $dhjpgjp ,e;jpahtpw;F Kjypy; ehisf;F jpKf bjhFjpg;

jhd;/ tp$ak; bra;a[k; ghuk;gupak; gw;wp. g';fPl;L cld;ghL bra;a
rhjhuz kdpjqfspd; ,y';ifapd; g[jpa $dhjpgjp neupl;lhy;. ,d;iwf;F jpl;of;
mokdjpy; me;j vz;zk; ,Ue;J ,e;jpah bry;Yk; jUzj;jpy; bfhz;oUf;fpwtqfs; ehisf;F
bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;/ fhRf;fhfg; vGjp. ,e;J gj;jpupiff;F mDg;gp #fhfj;ij tpG';f ntz;oaJ*
ngha; fhypy; tpGe;jtd; jhnd gpuRukhfhj fl;Liu mJ/ jhd;/ (Eat the crow.)
vd;W> (Shameless self-promotional plug!) v $ k h d q f i s f ;
jkpH;ehl;L murpaypy; F=pg;gLj;j. bfhLj;j fhRf;F
,bjy;yhk; rf$khf ,Uf;ff; ,jdhy; fl;rpfs; njqjypd; mjpfkhfnt Fiuf;fpw
TLk;/ Jz;ilg; nghqj;jpat[ld; nghJ Tl;lzpfs; itj;Jf; eha;fs; gytw;iw ehd;
ght';fs; ,yFthff; fGtg;glf; bfhs;s ntz;o tUfpwJ/ neuoahff; fz;oUf;fpnwd;/
TLk;/ xt;bthU Tl;lzpapd; nghJk; v$khd; vjpuhspnahL
,';nf g[ypfis vjpqj;J jpl;oa kw;wf; fl;rpfSld;. tpUe;Jz;Qk;nghJ. jh';fs;
tpl;L. gpd;dhy; g[fH; ghoatqfs; kWnjqjypy; Tl;lzp itf;ft[k;. vr;rpy; ,iyfisf; Tl ef;f
gyUf;F ,J jhd; ele;jJ/ mnj jiytqfis nkilapy; Koahky; tpul;oaof;fg;gLnthk;
mtqfisg; g[ypfs; njitf;fhfg; fl;oj; jGtp. Jz;L nghqj;jt[k; vd;gij ,e;j eha;fs;
gad;gLj;jpdhYk;. mtqfis neupLfpwJ/ czqtjpy;iy/
KGikahf ek;g[tJkpy;iy/ fl;rpfs; gjtpf;F vd;Dila g[j;jpkjp///
bghJbtspapy; mtqfs; gw;wp tu ntz;Lk; vd;w xnu mjpfkhff; Fiyf;fhjP';flh>
kjpg;g[k; ,y;iy/ nehf;fj;jpw;fhf. ve;j mwKk; mjpfhuj;ij Mjupg;gjhy;
,jdhy; j';fis g[jpa ,d;wp Tl;lzpfis mikf;fyhk;/ tUk; Mgj;J. me;j mjpfhuk;
v$khdqfs; ek;g ntz;Lk;mJ jdpna btw;wp bgw Koahj gwp nghFk; tiuf;Fk;. me;j
vd;gjw;fhf. ,tqfs; njitf;F eilKiwr; rpf;fYk; rhqe;jJ/ mjpfhuk; tpiy nghFk; tiuf;Fk;
mjpfkhff; Fiuf;f ntz;oa[k; ,d;iwf;F gh$f bjuptjpy;iy/
tUfpwJ/ jkpH;ehl;oy; fhy; Cd;wf; TlhJ mJ njitg;gl;lhy;.
vd;w #mwg;nghUf;F* jiyik gad;gLj;Jk;/ njit
$dehaf murpaypy; bgUk;ghd;ik jh';Fk; jpKf. xU fhyj;jpy; Vw;glhjnghJ J}f;fp vwpe;J
btw;wp vd;gJ jw;nghJ mjpfk; gh$f cld; njqjy; Tl;lzp tpLk;/
rhj;jpakhtjpy;iy/ mjw;fhd mikj;jJ jhnd>? tp$afhe;ijf; nfyp bra;j
fhuz';fs; gw;wp. vg;nghnjh jw;nghJ ,iza tontY jd; rpdpkh thH;it
M';fpyj;jpy;. ,y';if ,e;jpa cld;gpwg;g[fs; :Kd;whtJ mHpj;jJ xU cjhuzk;/
cwt[fs; gw;wp vGjpa xd;wpy; mzpia cUthf;fp. j';fs;
Fwpg;gpl;l "hgfk;/ ,y';ifapy; njhy;tpf;Ff; fhuzkhdtqfs; murpay; Mjut[ vd;gJ
njqjy; Koe;J ,y';if vd;W jpl;LfpwtqfnshL. jdpg;gl;lJ/
“
cupika[k; Tl/
mJ jdpkdpjqfSf;fhdJ
kl;Lkd;wp. fiy. ,yf;fpa
fiy. ,yf;fpathjpfs; thjpfSf;Fkhd cupika['; Tl/
mt;thW ele;J bfhs;s KoahJ/ jdpkdpjqfs; mij
jdpg;gl;l uPjpapy; Mjupf;fyhk;/ xU bgUikahfnt ngrpf;
mjpYk; mHpt[r; rf;jpfs; Ml;rpf;F tuf;TlhJ bfhs;syhk;/
vd;gjw;fhf lesser of two evils I Mjupf;fyhk;/ mjw;fhf Mdhy;. fiy.
gfpu';fkhff; Tl ciHf;fyhk;/ ,yf;fpathjpfs; mt;thW ele;J
Mdhy;. Kz;L bfhLf;f KoahJ/ bfhs;s KoahJ/
jdpg;gl;l uPjpapy;
fhuzk;. mtqfs; r:Kfj;jpw; fhdtqfs;/ mtqfSila Mjupf; f yhk; /
bghWg;g[ r:Kfj;jpw;fhdnj md;wp. mjpfhuj;jpw;fhdjpy;iy/ mjpYk; mHpt[r; rf;jpfs;
Ml;rpf;F tuf;TlhJ vd;gjw;fhf
lesser of two evils I Mjupf;fyhk;/
vg;go Clf';fs; xU bghWg;g[ tha;e;j mjw;fhf gfpu';fkhff; Tl
vjpqf;fl;rpahfr; braw;gl ntz;Lk; vd;W ciHf;fyhk;/
“
vjpqghqf;fpnwhnkh. mnj nghy fiy. ,yf;fpathjpfSk;
vjpqf;fl;rpahfj; jhd; braw;gl ntz;Lk;/ KoahJ/
Mdhy;. Kz;L bfhLf;f
fhuzk;. mtqfs; r:Kfj;jpw;

fhdtqfs;/ mtqfSila
bghWg;g[ r:Kfj;jpw;fhdnj md;wp.
mjpfhuj;jpw;fhdjpy;iy/
vg;go Clf';fs; xU
“
jw;nghJ jkpH;
,yf;fpa cyfpy; gyq
MSk; jpKftpw;F
,tqfis vy;yhk; tpl;L.
xUgo nky; ngha;. fhjy; ftp"q
kD=;ag[j;jpud; cj;jpnahfg{qt
card carrying cld; gpwg;ghfnt
gpwg;bgLj;J tpl;lhq/ ,iza c/
#btspna epd;W Mjut[
bghWg;g[ tha;e;j vjpqf;fl;rpahfr; gp/ Mfp. rPkhDf;F #if gj;jpuk;*
braw;gl ntz;Lk; vd;W
tH';Ffpwtqfshfj;* jhd; vd;W gjpy; rthy; tpLk; mstpy;
vjpqghqf;fpnwhnkh. mnj ,Uf;fpwhqfs;/ jpKf gw;wpa ,Uf;fpwhq/ mtuJ ghly;fSf;F
nghy fiy. ,yf;fpathjpfSk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSf;F Xo bghw;fhRfs; mjpfkhfnt
vjpqf;fl;rpahfj; jhd; braw;gl te;J shamelessly fpilg;gjhy;. mtq mjpfkhff;
ntz;Lk;/ Kl;Lf; bfhLf;fpwhqfs;/ Fiug;gjpy; vd;d Mr;rupak;?
,jw;Fk; nrhitj; jhd; muRk; mjw;Fj; #brhk;g[r; rpj;jq* bgUik
cjhuzk; fhl;l ntz;o jFe;jthnw. fdt[ ,y;yf; bfhz;ljhy;. mLj;j guk;giuj;
tUfpwJ/ Ml;rp khw;wj;jpw;fhf fdit tpijj;jpUf;fpwJ/ jiytqfspd; g[fH; ghof;
jhd; vjpqf;fl;rpia Mjupj;jhYk;. muR fiy. ,yf;fpa fpilf;Fk; bghw;fhRfisa[k;
mtqfs; Ml;rpf;F te;j gpd;dhy; cyif jqk gupghydk; me;j brhk;g[nyna th';fpf;
jhd; mtqfis Mjupj;jjpy;iy bra;J. jhgupg;gJ ey;y bfhs;syhk;/
vd;W TwpapUe;jhq/ tplak;/ mtrpakhdJk; gpwH;t[ rhUt[f;F
Mdhy; epiyik vd;d? Tl/ Mdhy;. mJ gLf;if jhnd gpur;rid?
jkpH;ehl;oy;. Mrhd; epj;jpahde;jhtpd; Md;kPf murpay;
jd;id ,e;Jj;tj;jpd;
muir Mjupg;gtqfSf;F mjw;F trjpahfnt ,Ug;gjhy;.
cj;jpnahfg;gw;ww;w ,yhfh kl;Lk; jhd; vd;gnj ,e;j philistine society apd; murpay;
epiyik vd;why;. ,dp
,y;yhj ke;jpupahfnt gpufldg;
gLj;jpapUf;fpwhq/
gpw;nghf;Fr;
jd;Dila
rpe;jidnahL
“
#Jg;g[tjw;fhfj; jhd;
thiaj; jpwg;ghqfs;>*/
gw;wp mtUf;F vjw;F ftiy
vy;yhk;>?
Mrhd; bfhLj;j
Kuz;gLnthiu. Either you tpUJf;F. Kjy;tupd;
are with us, or with them vd;w nghfhtpl;lhYk;. mtUk; thH;j;Jf;F rhU fhj;jpUe;jhq/
n$hq$; g[=; jj;Jtk; nghy. gukhqj;j FUt[k; rPlqfSk; vd;dhr;R vd;gij tpguk;
njrj;Jnuhfpfs; vd;Wk;. kj fij fpwp!;jt ghjpupfshy; mwpe;jtqfs; bjupag;gLj;jpdhy;
khw;wk; bra;a me;epa epjp ,e;Jf; FUf;fis nfyp bra;a ed;wp cilatdhf
fpilf;fpwJ vd;Wk; Mjhu';fs; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w tifapy; ,Ug;ngd;/ fpilj;jpUe;jhy;.
,y;yhky; moj;J tpLfpwhq/ vGjpapUe;jhq/ mtq jd; mtUk; kD=;ag[j;jpud;
mtuJ Kfj;jpYk; bjhdpapYk; vGj;J :Kykhf ,e;Jj;tj;ij nghy. cj;jpnahfg{qt
mwkpy;yhj rPw;wk; bjupfpwJ/ mJ Kl;Lf;bfhLj;J epkpqj;j cWg;gpduhfpapUf;ft[k; TLk;/
,e;Jj;thtpd; ,yf;fpa cyfr; Koahtpl;lhYk;. thf;fspg;g[ v!;/uhkfpU=;zDf;F
rPkhd; epiyia miltjpy; jhd; ,ae;jpuj;ij totikj;jjw;F vd xU murpay; ,Ug;gjhfnth.
Koa[k; nghy bjupfpwJ/ bghWg;ghf ,Ue;jjhy;. Vd; KJbfYk;g[ ,Ug;gjhfnth
jd;id xU ,yf;fpaf; ,d;iwf;Fk; khepy njqjy;fspy; vdf;F xU nghJk;
fhudhft[k.; Clftpayhsuhft[k; njhy;tpaila[k; gh$f. njrpa njhd;wpajpy;iy/
milahsg;gLj;jpf; bfhz;l njqjypy; btw;wp bgWk; jw;nghJ jkpH;
khyd; ,d;iwf;F caricature of g[Jikf;fhd tHpia jpl;lkpl;nl ,yf;fpa cyfpy; gyq MSk;
his former self vd;w epiyapy; mikj;jpUg;ghnuh vd;w re;njfk; jpKftpw;F #btspna epd;W
te;J Koe;jpUf;fpwhq/ ,e;Jj;t (with exploitable vulnerabilities) Mjut[ tH';Ffpwtqfshfj;*
murpaiy vg;ghLgl;Lk; Kl;Lf; vdf;F vg;nghJk; cz;L/ jhd; ,Uf;fpwhqfs;/ jpKf
bfhLg;gjw;fhf. gd;wpfSld; ,tqfs; bfhs;if gw;wpa Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSf;F
ky;a[j;jk; bra;tw;Fk;. mog;gilapnyh. j';fs; Xo te;J shamelessly Kl;Lf;
jqf;fuPjpahd epaha';fs; ,y;yhj ghqg;gdg; ghuk;gupak;. tpRthrk; bfhLf;fpwhqfs;/
thj';fSf;Fk; mtq jahuhf fhuzkhfnth. gpugy';fis muRk; mjw;Fj;
,Uf;fpwhq/ mtq :Kis $h!;jp gzj;jhy; tisj;Jg;nghLk; jFe;jthnw. fdt[ ,y;yf; fdit
,y;yhj #g[j;jp$PtpfS*f;fhd xU gh$f jpl;lj;jpdhnyh. tUkhd tpijj;jpUf;fpwJ/ muR fiy.
FU:Kqj;jp/ mt;tst[ jhd;> tup kpul;lyhnyh my;yJ ,yf;fpa cyif jqk gupghydk;
R$hjh ,Ue;j nghJ. ,e;j ,tw;wpd; Tl;L vJtpdhnyh bra;J. jhgupg;gJ ey;y tplak;/
,e;Jj;Jt vGr;rp ,Uf;ftpy;iy ,e;j epiyg;ghLfis vLf;Fk; mtrpakhdJk; Tl/ Mdhy;. mJ
vd;gjhy; mtq ,e;j epiyf;F epiyf;Fk; te;jpUf;fyhk;/ muir Mjupg;gtqfSf;F kl;Lk;
jhd; vd;gnj epiyik vd;why;.

,dp #Jg;g[tjw;fhfj; jhd; thiaj;
jpwg;ghqfs;>*/
(murpd; epiyikiaf;
“
mz;iz mor;Rg; gwpg;ghq vd;w ahH;g;ghzpj;
jk; gpaprj;jpd; cj;jpnahfg{qt gpurhug; gpuptpduhf
,Ue;jjhy;. ,tqfshy; mijr; bra;a Koatpy;iy
Fw;wk; rhl;LtJk; Kiwahdnjh vd;gJ kl;Lky;yhky;. ,d;iwf;Fk; ve;j btl;fKk;
vd;Wk; vdf;Fj; njhd;WfpwJ/ Tr;rKk; ,y;yhky;. rqtnjrj;jpYk; JnuhfpfspYk;
gpurd;dh ,uhkrhkpf;F gHpiag; nghl;L. mij epahag;gLj;jt[k; KofpwJ/
tpUJ bfhLj;jjw;F bgh';fpa ,tqfSila tpRthrk; jiyikf;fhdjhf.
cld;gpwg;g[fs; mjpfk;>) mjpfhuj;jpw;fhdjhf ,Ue;jjhy;. mwj;jpd; tHp epd;W.
v';fs; ahH;g;ghzp <Hj;jpYk;
,nj fij jhd;/ khw;Wf;fUj;Jj;
“
kf;fSf;fhf ,tqfshy; Fuy; bfhLf;f Koatpy;iy/
Jnuhfpfs; vd;W Kj;jpiu

Fj;jg;gl;ltqfs; jtpu. fhyj;jpy; xU Koit Vw;Wf; kf;fSf;fhfg; nghuhLfpd;whqfs;
kw;wtqfs; vy;nyhUnk vk; bfhs;s ntz;oa mtrpaj;ij vd;W brhy;yp. g[ypfspd;
bgUkhd; fhyo kz;iz typa[Wj;jpapUf;f Koa[k;/ kdpj cupik kPwy;fisa[k;
tpGe;J ek!;fupj;jtqfs; jhd;/ ,Wjp a[j;jj;jpd; nghJ. muh$f';fisa[k;. murpay;
xU jd;dk;gpf;ifapy;yhj kf;fisg; gzak; itf;fhky; gLbfhiyfisa[k; rnfhjug;
bfhiybtwpaid Nupanjtd; btspnaw mDkjpf;FkhW gLbfhiyfisa[k; fz;Lk;
vd;W bfhz;lhoajdhy; te;j mGj;j';fisf; bfhLj;jpUe;jhy;. fhzhkYk;. m';fPfupj;Jk;
tpist[ jhd; Ks;sptha;f;fhy;/ bgUk; ,d mHpitj; jLj;jpUf;f Mjut[ tH';fpf; bfhz;oUe;jJ/
j';fis tpLjiyf;fhd Koa[k;/ ahH;g;ghz jkpH;j;njrpaj;ija[k;
,yf;fpak; g[upnthq vd;W fij mz;iz mor;Rg; gwpg;ghq fle;J. ,d';fSf;F ,ilapyhd
tpl;lgo. g[ypfspd; gpurhug; vd;w ahH;g;ghzpj; jk;gpaprj;jpd; xw;Wikf;fhd Kaw;rpfis
bgha;fis tpG';fp the;jp cj;jpnahfg{qt gpurhug; vLj;jpUf;f ntz;oa jpUr;rig
vLj;jgona. #btspna epd;W* gpuptpduhf ,Ue;jjhy;. ,tqfshy; gpughfuDf;F xsp tl;lj;Jldhd
Mjupj;jgo. tpl;lhy; FLkp. mijr; bra;a Koatpy;iy vd;gJ g[dpjg;gl;lk; tH';fhjJ xd;W
rpiur;rhy; bkhl;il vd;W. kl;Lky;yhky;. ,d;iwf;Fk; ve;j jhd; Fiwahf ,Ue;jJ/
btw;wp my;yJ tPukuzk; fij btl;fKk; Tr;rKk; ,y;yhky;. g[ypfspd; Mjuthsqfshf
brhd;dtqfs; jhd; ,tqfs; rqtnjrj;jpYk; JnuhfpfspYk; kl;Lkd;wp. ngr;rhsqfshft[k;
vy;yhk;/ gHpiag; nghl;L. mij mUl;je;ijaqfs; ,Ue;jhqfs;/
jkpH; kf;fspd; epahag;gLj;jt[k; KofpwJ/ a[j;jk; Koe;j gpd;dhy;. ahH;/kiw
eyd;fisnah. cupikfisnah , t q f S i l a khtl;l mUl;je;ijaqfSf;fhd
Kjd;ikg;gLj;jhky;. td;dpiaf; tpRthrk; jiyikf;fhdjhf. Tl;lk; xd;wpy; jhd; bjuptpj;j
F=pg;gLj;Jtij KGneuj; mjpfhuj;jpw;fhdjhf ,Ue;jjhy;. fUj;Jg; gw;wp mUl;je;ijahf
bjhHpyhff; bfhz;oUe;jtqfs; mwj;jpd; tHp epd;W. kf;fSf;fhf ,Uf;Fk; vd; mz;zd;. vdf;Fr;
,tqfs;/ ,tqfshy; Fuy; bfhLf;f brhy;ypapUe;jhq/
,dpnky; mt';fs; jhd; Koatpy;iy/
vd;w KonthL. Nupanjtdpd; mtqfSk; ,e;j#eh';fs; bfhs;iff;F (Cause)
filf;fz; ghqitf;fhf ahH;g;ghzj; jkpH;j; njrpaj;jpy; cz;ikahdtqfshf ,Uf;f
td;dp nehf;fp jtk; ,Ue;j Cwpagoahy; jhd; ntz;Lnk jtpu. bfhs;iff;
ve;j
,yf;fpathjpfis vd;dhy; tpiyiaa[k; bfhLj;J. fhtyqfSf;F (Cause bearers)
gl;oay; ,l Koa[k;/ btspehl;L KGj; jkpH; kf;fisa[k; gyp cz;ikahf ,Uf;ff; TlhJ/*
mikr;ruhFk; fdnthL ,Ue;j bfhLj;jhtJ. g[ypj;jiyikiaf; mijg; nghyj; jhd;.
ftp"qfis milahsk; fhl;l fhf;Fk; epidg;g[f;F Jiz r:Kfj;jpd; rpe;jidia
Koa[k;/ nghapUe;jhqfs;/ tHpg;gLj;Jk; gilg;ghspfSk;
kf;fs; eyd; ,tqfs; kdjpy; g[ypthypy; bjh';fpagoahy; ClftpayhsqfSk;. bfhs;iff;
Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;. g{idf;F kzp fl;l Koatpy;iy/ Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; jhd; tpRthrkhf
fpilf;Fk; cupikfisg; ,Uf;f ntz;Lnk jtpu.
bgw;W mjpypUe;J xU ehl;ilf; ahH;g;ghzj;Jf; fj;njhypf;f bfhs;iff; fhtyqfSf;Fk;
fl;obaGg;g Koayhk; vd;gij jpUr;rig g[ypfSf;F gfpu';f mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk; tpRthrkhf
g[ypj; jiyikf;F ,tqfs; Mjut[ je;jJ vy;nyhUf;Fk; ,Uf;ff;TlhJ/
vLj;Jiuj;jpUf;fyhk;/ bjupa[k;/ fj;njhypf;f jpUr;rig.
rkhjhdg; ngr;Rthqj;ij
cs;ns///
khrp 2023
,Gf;f. ,Gf;f
,Wjp tiu ,d;gk;>
vGjpa. vGjg;gl;l
MSikfs; Fwpj;J
nkYk; mwpe;J bfhs;st[k;.
mtqfis neuoahfj; bjhlqg[
bfhs;st[k; mtqfspd;
ng!;g[f; milahs';fs;
tH';fg;gl;oUf;fpd;wd/
vGj tpUk;g[nthq
Read the fine print I thrpf;f//
Mf;f';fSf;F
Mf;fpnahqfns
bghWg;g[/
MapDk; mijg;
gpuRupg;gjw;fhd
bghWg;g[fspy; ,Ue;J
mgj;jk; tpyf khl;lhJ/
email: [email protected]
www.thayagam/apaththam
www.facebook.com/apaththam
Mrpupaq. totikg;g[
n$hq$; ,/FU=;nrt;
Editor/Design
George R. Ckrhushchev
njog; g(gp)oa[';fs;>
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
10 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202310
,e;j khj ml;ilg;glk;
,e;jg; glj;ij buhwd;nuhtpy; thGk; ,sk;
jiyKiwj; jkpH;g; gps;isahd mRtpdp mfpyd;
tiue;jpUf;fpwhq/
v';fisg; gpukpg;gpy; MH;j;jpa jpwiknahL
cs;s Xtpauhd ,tq. Mil totikg;ghsUk;
Tl/
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gilg;ghw;wy; bgUf;bfLj;jJ vd;fpwhq/
mtuJ gilg;g[fis ,d;!;lhfpuhkpy; ghqitaplyhk;/

Instagram: asuvini7
mtuJ vjpqfhyk; bgUikfnshL tsk; bgw;W

kfpH;r;rp epiwe;jpUf;f thH;j;Jfpnwhk;/
11 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202311
12 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202312
Asuvini,
on her own words...
My name is Asuvini Ahilan, and I am
an artist and fashion designer based in
Toronto. Currently, I am in the Fashion Arts
and Business program, and I am working
towards getting my Masters in Fine Arts.
I believe my art journey started
when I stopped trying to please everyone.
As children, we are free to create, but as we
get older there are external factors that can
effect the creative process. I started doubting
myself in many ways.
Will everyone like this piece I made?
Will my pieces ever get any recognition?
That’s the moment I started to lose my
motivation and became someone that tried
to please others. Art became a chore instead
of a passion, and I stopped doing art for a
while.
When I was faced with some
obstacles in life, I started going back into
expressing myself through art. I began
doing art solely for myself, and without
the external pressure, my creativity started
flowing again. That's where I truly felt like
an artist. Once we let that spark inside of
us go, and stop pursuing our dreams, we are
not being true to ourselves. This journey is
what inspired me to create my own brand
called “Don't let it die out”, showcasing my
art, my inner child, beauty in my eyes, and
emotion through fashion and visual media.
(Congratulations, Asuvini. You make

us all proud. We are wishing you all the
success, bright future and happiness.)
13 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
v';nf ngha; Kl;l>
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mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 14
xUtq brhy;tij itj;J

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“
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cldoahf ek;g[tjpy;iy/ xU
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fle;J tUk; nghJ. cg;g[g;g[sp bfhz;L ,Uf;nf. mtqfSf;Fj; jhd;/
nrqj;J. cz;ikfs; jpupe;J jhd; ,d;bdhU thl;o mt';fisf; fhQk;nghJ.
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“
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v';fSf;Fg; bgUik jhd;/ vd;W xU glk; vGgJfspd; nfl;oUg;nghk;/ beLkhwd; g[jprh
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mtqfs; VjhtJ. #vd;d mgj;jk; ,lj;jpw;F te;J nrUfpwhq/ g[y;yupf;fj;jhd; bra;a[k;/
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khdk; nghFnk? tUfpwJ/ mtq jhd; jhd; bfhiy buhl;of; fil nghlyhk;/
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15 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
rPkhidf; Tg;gpl;L ituKj;J fhjyq jpdj;jpw;F brhy;yp. nfhkpak; Fog;nghUk;

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16 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202316
ntlUk; fhydpaKk;
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tpk;gkhfNt ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J neLfpYk; nfhl;bf;fplf;fpd;wd. epy tsq;fs;> RNjrpfspd; ciog;G>
r%fj;jpd; midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; mt;thW ,Uf;ifapy; Vd; rkar;rlq;Ffs; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ
ghugl;rkpd;wp Gof;fj;jpy; cs;sJk; ,r;r%fk; rhu;e;j ghu;itfshdJ> Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jfpwhu;fs;. rpy
frg;ghd cz;ik. ,d;dKk; Xu; ghtg;gl;l capupf;F Ntisfspy; jkJ gz;ghl;L> rka
,yq;ifj;jPtpd; G+u;tPf cjTtjhfTk;> ek;khy; jhd; cjt kw;Wk; nkhopf; fl;likg;Gfis
Fbfshf Ntlu;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wik KbAk; vd;nwz;zpf; nfhz;L cs;Shu; kf;fs; kPJ jpzpg;gJk;
gyUf;Fk; njupe;j tplakhFk;. ,r;rKf;fj;jpd;ghy; G+u;t Fbnad;w cz;L. ,t;thwhd FbNaw;wtpak;
mz;ikf;fhykhf Ntlu; gw;wpa cUitr; rpijg;Gr; nra;tjhfTk; vd;gJ Nkw;gb nraw;ghLfis epahag;
khDltpay; rhu; ghu;itfs; gy fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fhzg;gl;L gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> tsu;j;njLg;gjw;Fkhd
Ma;thsu;fspilNa mfypj;Js;sd. tUfpd;wd vd;gjid EZfp MuhAk; xU njhFjp ek;gpf;iffisf; Fwpf;fTk;
,J ,yq;ifau; ekf;Fk; kpfj; NghJjhd; Rdhkpr; Ropaha; gPbj;Js;s gad;gLj;jg;gLtJk; cz;L.
Njitahd tplag;nghUs;jhd;. ,f;fhydpa rpe;jidAk;> mjd; rpye;jpr; nghJthf> FbNaWgtu;
fhuzk; ,d;iwa etPd cyfhdJ rpf;fYk; gw;wp mwpaf;fpilf;fpd;wJ. fSila gof;f tof;fq;fSk;>
tuyhW> gz;ghl;L kw;Wk; khdpltpay;
rhu;e;j Ma;thsu;fisNa ngupJk; fky; gj;jpehjd; ek;gpf;iffSk;>
kf;fSilatw;iwf;
cs;Shu;
fhl;bYk;
17 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
“
ehfupfk; milahjtu;fis ehfupfk; mila itf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk;.
mgptpUj;jp milahjtu;fis mgptpUj;jp mila
itf;fg;Nghfpd;Nwhk;.
fy;tpawpT ,y;yhjtu;fSf;F etPd fy;tpiaf;
nfhLf;fg;Nghfpd;Nwhk;.
vDk; eatQ;rfj; njhdpapy; cz;L gz;zpa njhz;Z}w;wp
Ie;J tPjkhd Ntiyg;ghLfs; Ntlu; ,df;FOkj;jpid mtu;jk;
jdpj;Jtg; Nghf;fpy; ,Ue;J tpLglr; nra;jdthfTk;> gz;ghl;Lr;
rpijg;Gr; nra;jdthfTNk fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
mit ,d;W tiu gy;NtW gupzhkq;fspy; “
ePq;fhj Nehaha; gPbj;j tz;zNk cs;sd.
cau;e;jit vd;w ek;gpf;ifia etPd rpe;jid vd;gd ,yq;if ,aw;if tho;tpl Kiwfisr;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUg;gJ jhd; NtLtu;fspd; kPJ Vw;gLj;jpa fhydpaj; rpijj;jdu;.
FbNaw;wtpaypd; cr;rfl;l ntw;wp. jhf;fjpidr; rw;Wg; ghu;f;fyhk;. ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfspdhy;
FbNaw;wtpaj;jpd; Njhw;wg;ghL> VyNt nrhd;dJ Nghy; Ntlf;FOf;fspd; ,aw;ifNahL
gy;NtW fhy fl;lq;fspYk; cyfk; etPd fy;tpAk;> mjd; rpe;jidAk; ,ize;j tho;f;if Kiw> mtu;
jOtpa epiyapy; fhzg;gl;lhYk;> gpd;thwhd eilKiwfis Ntl jk; R+oypay; rhu;e;j mwpTg;Gyik>
,J nghJthf INuhg;gpag; ,df;FOkk; rhu;e;J Vtptpl;lJ. ,aw;ifiag; Ngzp te;j
NguuRfs; njhlu;gpNyNa rpwg;ghff; mjhtJ> ew;jpwf;fl;likg;Gf;fs; vd;gd
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. 01.ehfupfk; milahjtu;fis ehfupfk; vt;thW my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyg;
(ed;wp: tpf;fpgPbah) mila itf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk;. gl;Lg;NghAs;sd> Nghfpd;wd
,t;thwhd Nghf;Fld; jhd; 02.mgptpUj;jp milahjtu;fis vd;gJ gw;wp ,d;dKk; Mokhf
fhydpak; vd;w nrhy;yhlyhdJk;> mgptpUj;jp mila Gupe;J nfhs;sg;glhkNy cs;sJ.
mjd; fUj;jpaYk; ,d;W tiuapYk; itf;fg;Nghfpd;Nwhk;. ,yq;ifapy; ,d;W tho;fpd;w
Gupe;J nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gij 03.fy;tpawpT ,y;yhjtu;fSf;F etPd Ntl r%fj;jpd; %j;j gpujpepjp xUtu;
mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. mijnahl;ba fy;tpiaf; nfhLf;fg;Nghfpd;Nwhk;. jdJ kd Mjq;fj;jpid ,t;thW
ghu;itAld; etPd rpe;jidiaAk;> vDk; eatQ;rfj; njhdpapy; ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;.
fhydpaj;jpidAk; ghu;f;f gyUk; cz;L gz;zpa njhz;Z}w;wp ',e;j ehl;by; G+u;t Fbfshd ehk;
vj;jzpf;fpd;wdu;. mjdbg;gilapy; Ie;J tPjkhd Ntiyg;ghLfs; vkJ Mjpg;gz;ghl;bid ve;j
ghu;f;f Kide;jjd; tpisthfNt Ntlu; ,df;FOkj;jpid mtu;jk; tpj etPd rpe;jidfSk; ,ilapy;
fhydpathjpfshf INuhg;gpau; jdpj;Jtg; Nghf;fpy; ,Ue;J tpLglr; GFe;J nfhs;sh tz;zk; kpfTk;
khj;jpuk; fUj;jpy; vLf;fg;gLtJ nra;jdthfTk;> gz;ghl;Lr; rpijg;Gr; rhjhuzkhfTk;> Rje;jpukhfTk;
MFk;. ,J ,t;thwpUf;ifapy; nra;jdthfTNk fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd VjhtJ
jhd; ,yq;ifapd; Ntl rKfj;Js; mit ,d;W tiu gy;NtW tha;g;Gf;fs; cz;lh?
fhydpag; ghjpg;ig INuhg;gpau; gupzhkq;fspy; ePq;fhj Nehaha; md;W njhlq;fp ,d;W
khj;jpuk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy vDk; gPbj;j tz;zNk cs;sd. tiuf;Fkhd muRfshy;
ghu;itAld; ,g;gj;jp tpupfpd;wJ. Kjypy; Ntlu; jk; gz;ghl;L Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w ve;j
kuGfshd tho;f;if Kiw> kuG> eltbf;iffis cq;fshy; vkf;fhd
Inuhg;gpaf; fhydpaKk; ntlUk; rlq;fhu;e;j eltbf;iffs; vd mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghlhfr; nrhy;y
INuhg;gpaUf;Fk; mg;ghy; vt;tifahd midj;Jf; $WfspidAk; vspa KbAk;?
fhydpathjpfs; cs;sdu;> fhydpak; tplaq;fshff; fUJk; Nkl;Lik vkJ gps;isfs; vq;fs;
vd;gJ cz;ikapy; vijf;Fwpf;fpd;wJ. rpe;jidiaAk; > fy;tpg;Gyj;jpidAk; nkhopapy; jkJ fy;tpg;Gyikia
Kjyhd rpe;jidfis mwpQu; gy Vw;gLj;jpdu;. gpd;du; nghUshjhu tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gk;
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sdu;. mt;tifapy; jhd; uPjpapy; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis ,y;iy. vkJ gz;ghl;il vkJ
INuhg;gpaUk;> mtu; jk; etPd fy;tp> Vw;gLj;JfpNwhk; vd;w Nghu;itapy; FQ;RfSf;Ff; flj;jf;$ba R+oYk;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 18
,y;iy. ,J ,t;thW ,Uf;ifapy; FbfSk; Ntl;Ltf;Fbfis kpfr;rhJupakhf thiog;goj;jpy;

jhd; ,tw;iw ntWk; kdf;FKwyhf jkf;fpire;j tiffspy; rhjpfshfTk;> CrpNaw;Wtijg; Nghy; jdJ
kl;Lk; ,d;iwa mwpTg;Gyj;jpduhy; FbfshfTk;> Mupar; rka ,ilr; Ntiyiaf; fhl;bf; nfhz;Ljhd;
fle;J nry;y ,aYkh?" nrUfy;fspid Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mz;ika fhy
,tupd; ,f;fUj;jpd; Clhf khN`hdpd; tUifapd; gpd;du; jhd; ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;j kl;by;
rpy tplaq;fis ehk; Nfs;tpf;F ,ay;ghf ,Ue;j r%ff;fl;likg;ghdJ jkpou; gpuNjrq;fspy; Gj;ju;
cs;shf;f Ntz;ba NjitAz;L. Fbfs; vDk; Vw;wj;jho;TfSf;Fs; rpiyia itj;jy; ngUk;ghd;ikr;
Inuhg;gpaiu tpLj;Jk; GFe;J nfhz;likf;F tuyhW rhl;rp.
MupaUk; rup> INuhg;gpaUk;
rpe;jid> Mjpf;f kNdhghtk; Mdhy;
Ntlu; rKfq;fs; gue;J thOk;
fhydpathjpfs; cz;lh? rup kjk; rhu;e;j tplaq;fspYk;> fpuhkq;fspy; jkpo; nja;tq;fshd
rlq;fhu;e;j eltbf;iffspYk; mk;kDf;F Nfhapy; fl;LtNjh> mij
,f;Nfs;tp gyUf;F tpag;ig jhd; kpfg;ghupastpyhd fhydpag; ehfupfkhf epidj;J tzq;fg;gz;z
cz;L gz;zyhk;. fhuzk; Nghu;fis kpf EZf;fkhfj; itg;gNjh> Nfhapypd; ngaUld;
vkJ mwpTg;GykhdJ fhydpak; njhLj;jdu;. jd;ndhL tho;e;j> rpwP vd;w vOj;ijg; GFj;JtNjh>
rhu;e;J ,t;thwhd kPs; thrpg;Gf;F jdf;fhf tho;e;j Kd;Ndhiu ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy; xU
toprikj;jJ FiwT. Ntlu; topgl;Lk;> tho;Tf;fhd ,dj;jpid mjd; ngaiuNa
tof;fhw;wpaiyg; nghWj;j MjhuKkhfTNk NtLtu;fs; nfhz;L nghJtpy; nrhy;yj; jaq;fitg;gJk;
kl;by; fhydpaj; jhf;fkhdJ gy; tho;e;jdu;. Mdhy; ,e;jf; fhydpaf; $l ngUk;ghd;ikr; rpe;jidAk;
neLq;fhykhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L $l;lq;fs; nrhu;f;fj;jpw;F gilay; my;y> Mjpf;f kNdhghtKk; my;y.
te;Js;sikapid ed;fwpa KbAk;. mDg;g itj;jd. kdpjid tpl ,t;thW gytw;iwr; nrhy;y ,g;gj;jp
mjw;F tuyhw;W neLfpYk; ,yq;ifapy; khl;il cau;thf epidf;f itj;jd. NghjhJ.
te;Njwpa Nrhou; Kjyhd te;NjW rf kdpjdplk; ePu; thq;fpf; Fbg;gij MfNtjhd; fhydpak;
FbfNs rhl;rpahFk;. tpl khl;L %j;jpuj;ijf; Fbg;gJ vd;gJ INuhg;gpaUld; te;j
fhydpak; rhu;e;Jk;> etPdthjj; Gdpjk; vd;wd. gy;yhapukhz;Lfyhf tplak; kl;Lky;y. mJ Mupaf;fhyk;
jhf;fk; rhu;e;Jk; xU Ntl;Lt KJrk; Ngrpa nkhopia ePr nkhop vd;wd. Kjy; Vd; ,d;Wk; Nkl;Likr;
jdJ tuyhw;Wg;Gupjiy ,t;thW ,t;thW gbg;gbahf Kd;Ndwpa rpe;jidAld; fhzg;gLk; rhjpa
gjpT nra;jhu;. 'FQ;rhd; (kfd;) ,tu; jk; fhydpahjpf;fk; nrhe;j xLf;FjYk; vd ,d> kj > nkhop
ek;kl r%fj;j fl;Lg; gLj;jpdJ epyj;ijAk; gwpj;J jpf;fw;wtu;fshf rhu;e;j rfy tplaq;fSk; ,d;W
nts;sf;fhud; kl;Lkpy;y. me;jf; Mf;fpaij gyu; mwpe;Jk; mwpahky; tiu Ntlg;goq;Fbfis ,d;Wk;
fhyj;Jy ,Ue;J ,Q;r te;J FbNawpd cs;sdu;. fhydpahjpf;fj;Js; itj;jpUg;gij
te;NjW Fbfshd Nrhou; jhz;lh" ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; Gj;jp[Ptpfs; Jupjkhf czu Ntz;ba
,tuJ ,k;khzpf;ff; fUj;jpd; fhydpahjpf;fk; gy gupzhkq;fis fhyk;.
MokhdJ kpfg;ngupaJ. cz;ikapy;
INuhg;gpa tUiff;F Kd;duhd
gpw ehl;ltupd; tUifapid ehk;
,t;thWg; gpupj;Jg; ghu;f;f KbAk;.
1.,yq;ifapd; njw;NfapUe;j UFzg;

NguuR.
2.kl;lf;fsg;G kz;Kidapy;
cd;durfpupiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jtu;
vdf;$wg;gLk; ntspypUe;J te;j
MlfrTe;jupapd; Ml;rp .
3. Nrhog;Nguurpd; Ml;rp.
4. fpof;fpy; Ml;rpGupe;j ntspapypUe;J
te;j khN`hd; Ml;rp.
5.INuhg;gpaf; fhydpathjpfshd
Nghu;j;JNfau;> xy;yhe;ju; Mq;fpNyau;
muR.
6.Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;duhd RNjrpa
muR. (ed;wp- Nguh. nksdFU)
Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l. kw;Wk; nrhy;yj;

jtwpa midj;J tifahd te;NjW
19 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
xU tyirapd;
ehl;gl;l
thf;F:Kyk;
khypdp
'Lg;'. mbthq;fhky; gL" flf;f Ntz;Lk;. thry; fle;J>
fdtpy; Nfl;gJ NghypUe;jJ mk;kh fhJf;Fs; neUkpdhu; uapy;ghijr; re;jpf;F te;J> mtu;fspd;
me;j xyp. ,uT gd;dpuz;L fle;J ntbr;rj;jj;jpd; Neu kw;iwa nrd;wp fle;J> gpd;du;
,uz;L kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs; ,ilntsp FWfpaJ. ,ilf;fpil fhk;g; fle;J> fz;b tPjpapy; nrd;wp
,Uf;fyhk; mg;NghJ. ntbr; mJ ,iznahypahf Lg; Lg; vd;W fle;J jhd; ehd; vq;Fk; Nghf
rj;jk; gof;fg;gl;Lg; Nghd %is Nfl;lJ KbAk;
tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.. vdpDk; fdth 'k;kh nfhOk;Gj;Jiwg; Nghuhspfs; mkspahf ,Ue;j
vd;w Fog;gkpUe;jJ > fdtpYk; gf;fk; jhd; mJTk; flw;fiuapy fhyj;jpy; jhd; jhj;jh ,we;jhu;.
edtpYk; mJ jhd; vkf;Fg; ,y;iy flYf;Fs;s Nff;fpw rj;jk; jhj;jh ,we;J ehk; jdpahd gpd;
gof;fkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.. ,J vjpnuhypAk; Nff;FJ." ,uTfs; ghJfhg;gw;w mr;rj;ijf;
'Lg;'. 'rj;jk; Nghlhky; fpl nfhLj;jd. ,tu;fs; jk; fhtYf;fhf
kPz;Lk; me;j xyp Nfl;l NghJ ghu;g;gk;." vk; thriyj; Nju;e;J nfhz;l
fdty;y vd;gJ jPu;khdkhfpaJ.. mk;kh fhjpy; ,Wf;fp KWf;fp Muk;g ehl;fs; mnrsfupaj;ijAk;>
%isAk; fhJk; jk;ikf; $u; itj;jhu;. mr;rj;ijAk;> gpd; gbg;gbahf
jPl;bf; nfhz;L ,Ul;bd; Xiria 'mk;kh Mkpf;fhud; ghJfhg;Gzu;itAk; nfhLf;fj;
mtjhdpf;fj; njhlq;fpd.. ntbapy;iy. ngbaq;fspd;u R+L" njhlq;fpd.
kPz;Lk; rpy epkplq;fs; tpl;L ,J IPKF fhuq;fs; flYf;Fs;s mtu;fs; thrypy; ,Ue;j
mNj jdp xyp. ,wq;f khl;lhq;fs;. mJTk; jpUk;gpg; fhyj;jpy; ehk; epk;kjpahf cwq;fpNdhk;.
'Lg;'. Nghwjh Kbthdg; gpwF RLgl;Lr; topnay;yhk; mtu;fs;
rhf tprNu mtq;fSf;F." ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; vd;w Jzptpy;
mk;khtpd; mUfpy; neUq;fpg; mk;khTf;Fg; nghWik ,uTj; jpUtpohf;fspypUe;J jdpahf
gLj;J 'k;kh' vd;Nwd; fhJf;Fs;.. ,oe;jJ. tPL jpUk;g Kbe;jJ. mjpfhiyapy;
mk;khTk; ,ufrpakhfNt MdhYk;> toik Nghy jpUntk;ghitf;Ff; NfhtpYf;Fr;
'k;" vd;whu;. mbf;fj; Juj;jTk; ehd; XlTk; nry;yj; Jiz tUk; mk;khit
'vq;NfNah ntbr;Rf; Kbahj ,ufrpa ,uTfis mDgtpj;j kwpj;J ePq;fs; tPl;by ,Uq;Nfh mk;kh
Nff;Fjk;kh." fhyq;fs; mit.. topnay;yhk; ehq;fs; ,Uf;fpNwhk;
'Xk; rj;jk; Nghlhky; gL' ,e;jpa uhZtk; tUKd;ghf> mts; jdpahfg; Nghths; vdf; $l
'k;kh nfhOk;Gj;Jiwg; vq;fs; tPl;L thrypy;>> tPjp te;jJk;> ,tu;fs; vd;dtu;fs;
gf;fkhf; Nff;fpw khjpup ,Uf;F." Nru;e;J ,izAk; re;jpapy;> gpd; vd; rNfhjuu;fs; vd;w vz;zj;ij
'Mkpf;fhud; miyAwhd; Nghy mJ fpis gpupe;J nrd;W ,izAk; Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ..
rj;jk; Nghlhky; gL tpbQ;rg;gpwF A 9 tPjpapy; vd epue;jukhf khiy fle;j ikky; Neuj;jpy;
ghf;fyhk;." tUlf; fzf;fhf ngbad;fspd; mtu;fSf;F ,uTf;Fj; Njitahd
'k;kh> me;jr; rj;jk; nrd;wpfs; ,Ue;jd. jz;zPu; ghidia thrypy; itj;J
flYf;Fs;is Nff;FJ. Mkpf;fhud; mtu;fisj; jhz;bj;jhd; $lNt xU lk;sUk; itj;J tpl;L
Vd; flYf;if Nghwhd;." ehd; ghlrhiyf;Fk; upA+rDf;Fk; ehd; Nfw;iwf; fl;lg; NghfpNwd;
'MNuh ntbf;fl;Lk;. NtW vq;F nry;tjhdhYk; thry; jk;gpkhu; vd;W nrhy;yp tpl;L Nfw;iw
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 20
khkh. kdpju;fSld; cwT G+z mUNf khkh Fe;jpf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;.

Mikg; G+l;lhy; G+l;Lthu; mk;kh. tpisAk; xU kidtpAk;> md;igf; Kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L cs;Ns
,uT vl;L xd;gJ kzp tiu nfhl;b vd;idf; nfhz;lhLk; ,Oj;Jg; Nghfg; Nghfpwhu; vd;W
Kw;wj;jpy; tpwhe;ijapy; toikahd Foe;ijfSk; mtUf;F ,Ue;jhu;fs;. epidj;j NghJ > 'NghwJf;F
NtiyfSld; cytp tpl;L xd;gJ vd;gjhy; mtu; vg;NghJk; vkf;F Kjy; Rl;Lf; fl;bapUf;fpwhq;fs;>
kzpf;F cs;Ns Eioe;J fjT neUf;fkhdtuhf ,Ue;jhu;. Ntw xz;Lkpy;iyak;kh" vd;whu;
G+l;bdhy; kPz;Lk; epyk; njupAk; ehl;Lg; gpur;rid Xlitj;j ,ufrpakhf.
tiu ntspNa tUtjpy;iy ehk;. Nghnjy;yhk; jd; FLk;gj;ijAk; ehd; khkhitr; Ruz;b
khL fj;jpdhYk; eha; Fiwj;jhYk; vk;Kld; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNa iyl; Ngh];l;il> vjpNu>
mtu;fs; ntspNa ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; $lNtapUe;J ghJfhj;j kdpjd;. Mr;rp tPl;bd; gioa ghtpf;fhj
vd;w ek;gpf;ifapUe;jJ. md;Wk; rhkj;jpy; ,ilf;fpil ff;$ir vd xt;nthd;whf tpuy;
mJNt> ,e;jpa mikjpg;gilf; ,ilntsp tpl;L Lg; ... Lg; Rl;bNdd;.
fhyj;jpy; tpsf;F itf;Fk; Neuj;Jf;F vd;W Nfl;l ntbr;rj;jk; Neuk; 'Xkb uhrhj;jp gJq;fpap
Kjy; ,uTr; rhg;ghLk; Kbj;J Nghfg; Nghf rlGl vd;W Nfl;f Uf;fpwhq;fs;.. vd;d kz;zhq;fl;bf;F
cs;Ns Eioe;J> fjit G+l;b Muk;gpj;jJ vq;fl tPLfSf;fUfpy
tpl;lhy; rpWePu; fopg;gjw;Ff; 'mk;kh flYf;F ntspapy epf;fpwhq;fNsh njupahJ.
$l ntspNa tUtjpy;iy. vd;w RLgLfPdk;." tPLf;Fs;s EisapwJf;fpilapy
epiyf;F kdk; kl;Lkpy;iy clYk; mk;kh mbj;jhy; rj;jk; nghk;gpisg;gps;is cd;id
gof;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. tUk; vd;w toikahd gaj;jpy; vq;fhtJ nfhz;L Nghapl
maypy; uhrk; mf;fh tPl;L ,Ul;by; fhijj; Njbg;gpbj;J NtZk;". khkhtpd; Fuypy;
Ml;Lf; fl;ilf;Fs; uhzp mf;fhTf;F ,d;Dk; ,Wf;fkhf KWf;fpdhu;> gak; mg;gpf; fple;jJ.
,uhZtj;jhy; ,utpy; epfo;e;j me;j Neuk; jhd; Re;juypq;fk; 'ePq;fs; vq;fl tPl;il
nfhLikia tpbfhiyapy; uhrk; khkh mtrukhf fjit ,uz;L Xb tNuf;Fs;s fhNzy;iyNa
mf;fh FunyLj;Jf; fj;jp mwptpj;J > iffshYk; gykhfj; jl;b 'mf;fh khkh?"
manyy;yhk; $b myq;Nfhykha; ehd; jhd; gjl;lg;glhky; fjitj; khkh neQ;rpy; ifia itj;J
fple;j uhzp mf;fhitAk; uhrk; jpwTq;Nfh" vd;W Fuy; nfhLj;J Vq;fpdhu;. gpd; 'fhNzy;iyab
mf;fhtAk; fz;l gpd; tpbAk; vOg;gpdhu;. mk;khTf;F ek;gpf;if uhrhj;jp ,Ul;Nly;Nyh" vd;whu;.
tiu rpWePu; $l tUtjpy;iy tutpy;iy. 'vq;NfNah fpl;lth epyk; ,d;Dk; rw;W ntSj;jJ>
vkf;F. vy;yh tPl;L ntspr;rKk;> Mkp RLFJ. ntspa th mf;fh mtu;fs; ,d;Dk; njspthfg;
elkhl;lKk; ,uT gl;lJk; mize;J vy;yhUk; xz;lh ,Ue;jhy; Xl Gyg;gl;lhu;fs;. ,e;jpa uhZtj;ijg;
fple;j fhyk; mJ. trjp" mtrug; gLj;jpdhu; . Nghy kju;j;J tpupe;J mfyhj>
[d;dyhy; fhiy ntspr;rk; mk;kh fjitj; jpwe;jhu;. cUtq;fs; . gf;fthl;lhf epd;why;
cs;Ns te;J> maytu;fs; Fuy;fs; ehnky;NyhUk; vq;fs; tpwhe;ijapy; iyl; Ngh];by; jk;ik kiwf;ff;
rhjhuzkhff; Nfl;Fk; tiu ntspNa ntspr;rk; tuhj ehd;F kzpg; $ba gUkd; nfhz;l ,sk; cly;fs;.
tuhj fhyq;fSk;> ntspNa nghOjpy; Fwz;bf; nfhz;L vk; Nghuhspfspd; milahsq;fs;.
te;j gpd; Nfhop mbf;ff; fk;Gld; $bapUe;Njhk;. ,d;dk; $u;e;J ghu;j;j NghJ me;jr;
tUk; uhZtj;ijf; fz;lhy; $l mJ ve;j khjk; vd;W ,g;NghJ rPUil ,uhZtj;jpuJ Nghyy;yhJ
Kw;wj;ijj; jtpu;j;J tPl;Lf;Fs; vd;dhy; rupahf Qhgfg; gLj;jpr; ,Jtiu ehk; fz;lj;Jf;F khwhf
Eioag; gae;j fhyKk; mJ. nrhy;y KbahJ tpl;lhYk; 1990 nky;ypa tupfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
vd;whtJ ,j;jid ijkhjk; nghq;fy; fle;j rpy 'khkh ,J Mkpapy;iy
Muthuq;fSf;Fk; Kd; fjT ehl;fspd; gpd; vd epidf;fpNwd;. vq;fl Ml;fs;."
jpwe;J ntspNa tu Neu;e;jnjdpy; FspUk; fhiyg; GfhUk; mjpfkhf 'rPUil Nghl;bUf;fpwhq;fs;
me;ehl;fspy; Re;juypq;fk; khkh ,Ue;j fhyk; mJ. Mkp gps;is."
fjitj;jl;b 'ehd; jhd; ntspNa ntbr;rj;jk; cr;rj;Jf;F ',y;iy khkh vdf;Fj;
epf;fpNwd; gag;glhky; fjitj; Vwp. ngUk; gjl;lj;ijg; gug;gp njupAk;."
jpw mf;fh" vdr; nrhy;yp nkJnkJthf Xa;e;jpUe;jJ. epyk; khkh rj;jk; Nghlhky;
ek;gpf;ifA+l;bdhy; jtpu mk;kh ntSj;Jk; ntSf;fhj nghOjpy;> tPjpiaNa ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
fjitj; jpwf;fj; Jzpe;jNjapy;iy. mk;kh mre;j Neuk;> tpwhe;ijapypUe;J 'rdk; Nuhl;lhy jpupa
Re;juypq;fk; khkh> mk;kh eOtp tPl;bd; gf;fthl;by; ntspf;fpl;LJ vz;lhy; ngbaNsh
gpwe;J tsu;e;j maypy; gpwe;J itf;Nfhw;NghUf;Fs; kiwe;J epd;W MkpNah vz;L njupQ;rpLk"
tsu;e;j mk;khtpd; cld; gpwthj tPjpia Nehl;lkpl;Nld;. 'vg;gpb?"
jk;gp. vd; Nky; ,Wjptiu Misahs; milahsk; 'ngbas; Rk;kh Nghthq;fs;.
mf;fiw nfhz;bUe;j vd; NerkpF njupahj Neuj;jpy; gf;fj;jpy; mirif Mkpvz;lhy; jq;fl mjpfhuj;ijf;
czu;e;J gjl;lj;jpy; jpUk;g> fhl;l vz;lhYk; kwpr;R cWf;fp
21 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
ehY Nfs;tp Nfl;ghd;." vz;Zthu;. ,tu;fis Nkhg;gk; 'Vd;?"

'Mq;. Nghfr; nrhy;ypahr;R nfhz;L uhZtk; te;jhy; khkhtpd; vd;w Nfs;tpf;Fg; mtu;fs; gjpy;
,d;Dk; ,q;f vd;d kz;Zf;F vjpu;tpid vg;gbapUf;Fk; vd;w nrhy;YKd;> 'mts; Nghfl;Lk;.
vq;fis mjpfhuk; gz;zpf;nfhz;L epidT kw;nwy;yh tplaq;fisAk; me;j xOq;if tiuf;Fk; jhd;
te;Njwpas;." gpd;js;sp ghl;b tPl;Lf;Fr; nry;y Nghths; gakpy;iy" vd;wJtPjpNahu
'rj;jk; Nghlhj mk;khr;rp ce;jpaJ. Ntypapd; gd;idg; gw;iwf;Fs;
ghtpas; ehq;fs; mwpahky; vq;fl ghl;b tPL Nfhtpy; tPjpapy; ,Ue;j Fuy;.
Ntypf;Fs;Sk; gJq;fpf; fplf;ff;$Lk;." ,Ue;jJ. ghl;bf;F mjpfhiyapy; jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;Njd;. Kd;G
,d;Dk; rw;Wg; Gyu;e;jJ. eiljpwf;F Kd;Ng Nfhtpiy thrypy; ,Ue;jtu;fspy; xUtu;..
Mdhy; tPjpapy; mjpfhiyapy; tyk;tUk; tof;fk;. ,ay;gpNyNa ,t;tsTk; fle;J ghl;b
tUk; ghy;f;fhur; irf;fps;> ghz; MAjjhupfs; vtiuAk; gpbf;fhjtu; tPl;Lf;Fg; Nghdhy; ghl;b Nfw;iwg;
tz;by;> ghz; irf;fps; cl;gl kl;Lky;y epu;jhl;rzpakhf G+l;b itj;jpUe;jhu;.
vJTk; tutpy;iy. ntWf;fTk; xJf;fTk; NgrTk; mtuJ tPbUe;j tPjp
itf;fw; NghupypUe;J $batu;. ,g;NghJ ,tu;fis KOtJk; Nghuhspfs; tupr;
Ntypf;fiuf;F efu;e;J >gpd;> Nfw;Wf; mjpfhiyapy; fz;lhy; vd;dhFk;. rPUilapy;fz;fspy; J}f;fKk;
fUfpy; jto;e;J te;J epd;W ghu;j;Njd;. mtuJ vjpu;tpid vg;gbapUf;Fk;. fisg;Gk; Rke;J epd;wpUe;jhu;fs;.
khkhTk; ghJfhg;gha; mUfpy; te;jhu;. ghl;bapd; cuj;j ntWg;ghd FuYf;F Nfw; ,Uk;Gr; rq;fpypahy; Rw;wp
gpd; rw;W Kd;Ndwp tPjpapy; ,wq;fpa ,tu;fs; vd;d tpjkhfg; gjpy; Mikg;G+l;lhy; G+l;lg;gl;bUe;jJ.
NghJ mtu;fisj; njspthff; nrhy;yf; $Lk;. vj;jidNah Kiw ehd; Fuy;
fhzf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ tPjp flTNs...... epidj;j nfhLj;Jk; ghl;b Nfw;iwj; jpwf;fj;
KOJk; kiwthf epiynaLj;J khj;jpuj;jpy; midj;Jk; kwe;jJ. jahuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
epd;wpUe;jhu;fs;.. ghl;b tPl;il Nehf;fp Xlj; Nfw;Wf;F ntspNa tPjpapy;
Vw;fdNt ,e;jpa uhZtj;Jld; njhlq;fpNdd;. epd;W 'INah flTNs ,J MkpNa
Nghu; Muk;gpj;j fhyj;jpy; mk;kd; tPjpnaq;Fk; rPUilfs; ,y;iy jpwTq;Nfh" vd;W
NfhtpYf;Fs; ,Ue;J ntspte;j kl;LNk epiwe;jpUe;jd. nfQ;rpdhYk;> MAjk; jhq;fpa
NghJ Rg;gpukzpak; khkhtpd; ',jhy Nghff; $lhJ Ml;fs; cythky; vtiuAk; ghl;b ek;gNth Vw;fNth
gps;isfisAk; vd;idAk; Nfhtpy; kwpr;R itr;rpUf;fpwk;." mry; jahuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
rptNuhL rhj;jp itj;Jtpl;L uhZtk; aho;g;ghzj; jkpopy; mtu;fs; ghl;b tPl;L xOq;if > Nfhtpy;
Njhl;lhthy; mTl;iyd; tiue;j jLj;j NghJ ,uhZtkhf ,Ue;jhy; tPjp vd gJq;fp ,Ue;jtu;fspy; gyu;
mDgtk; ,Ue;jjhy;> ,g;NghJ vdj; Jsp mstpUe;j re;NjfKk; Kfk; mwpe;jtu;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;.
ntspNa te;j NghJ Rlhjij mw;Wg; NghdJ ,dpg; gjpy; nrhy;yg; ,e;epiyapy; uhZtk; te;jhy;
itj;J mJ Mkp ,y;iy vd;W gjl;lKk; ,y;iy. vd;dhFk; vd;gJk; gjl;lk;
KbT nra;jJ kdk;. 'ehd; mk;kk;khtpl;lg; Nghf je;jJ. ghl;baplk; NghfNtz;Lk;
may; KOJk; cwTfs;.. NtZk;". nrhy;yNtz;Lk;> vjw;Fk; jahuhf;
“
vy;NyhUk; vd; kdpju;fs; vd ',jhy jpupaf; $lhJ." ,Uf;Fk;gb mtu;fs; ,UtiuAk;
ehd; ek;gpa fhyk; mJ> rpj;jp Maj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. jpwf;f
tPLk; Foe;ijfSk; epidtpy; kWf;Fk; ghl;b tPl;L Nfw;Wf;Fk;
tu rPUiliaf;fhuu; epd;w tPjp mtuJ tPbUe;j tPjp fjTf;Fk; ntspNa epd;wgb vg;gb?
fle;J mq;Nf XLk; vz;zk; KOtJk; Nghuhspfs; ,jw;F Nky; ghl;bapd;
te;jJ. mtu;fisf; fle;j NghJ tupr; rPUilapy; gpbthjj;ijj; jsu;j;j KbahJ.
tPjpapy; cs;s tsTfs; KOJk; ghl;b mg;gbj;jhd; vd;gjhy; G+l;ba
epiwe;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gJk;
fz;fspy; J}f;fKk; Nfw;wpd; kPNjwp cs;Ns Fjpj;J fjit
mtu;fs; epr;rakhf MkpNa ,y;iy fisg;Gk; Rke;J ,bj;jJk; fjitj; jpwe;J> cs;Ns
vd;gJk; njspthdJ . epd;wpUe;jhu;fs;. th vd ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. gpwF
rpj;jp tPl;by; rpj;jpAk; Nfw; ,Uk;Gr; rq;fpypahy; gpd; tsTf;Fs; nrd;W ghu;j;jNghJ
rpW gps;isfSk; rpj;jg;ghTk; Rw;wp Mikg;G+l;lhy; ehd; vjpu;ghu;j;Jg; gae;jJ Nghy
,Ug;ghu;fs;. mbghL ele;jhy; tsT KOtJk; gJq;fpapUe;jhu;fs;.
jtpu gak; mjpfkpy;iy. G+l;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. jpwg;ig vLj;J te;J Nfw;iwj;
mLj;j tPjpapy;> ghl;b tPl;by; vj;jidNah Kiw ehd; jpwe;J tpl;L ghl;bAk; khkhTk;
ghl;bAk; khkhTk; jdpahf Fuy; nfhLj;Jk; ghl;b gw;wpr; nrhd;dNghJ mtu;fs;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. khkh Foe;ij kdk; cs;Ns te;J fpzw;wpy; jz;zPu;
tsu;r;rpAwhj kdpju;. ,ay;G epiy
khWk; NghJ jLkhwp tplf; $batu;.
,g;NghJ ,tu;fis vtu; vd
“
Nfw;iwj; jpwf;fj;
jahuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ms;spf; Fbj;J tpl;L> gpd;Nfhbapy;
kiwe;jpUe;jtu;fisf; $l;bf; nfhz;L
ntspNawp Nfhtpy; tPjpapYk; ghl;b
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 22
tPl;L xOq;ifapYk; kiwe;jpUe;ju;fs;. mtd; nrhd;d 'mtq;fs; Nfl;l NghJ fpopj;Jf; fhaj;Jf;Ff;
,e;jpa uhZtj;Jldhd ',d;ndhU Nghuhspf; FO". fl;lg; Nghfpwhu;fs; vd epidj;J
Nkhjypd; gpd; Nghdtu;fs; ,tu;fs; ntspNawpa gpd; nghq;fYf;F thq;fpa GJ Ntl;bia
,uNthL ,uthf nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; mtu;fSk; uhZtKk; jhd; khkh mtrukhf kbj;J itj;J
flYf;Fs;shy; gazpj;J FWf;Fj; ,Ue;jhu;fs;. tpl;Lg; gioa Ntl;bfisAk;
njUf;fSf;$lhf Kjd;Kjyhf 'gpd;d ,uT tNuf;Fs;s jukhl;Nld; vd mlk; gpbj;Jf;
Cu;kidf;Fs; Eioe;jpUe;jhu;fs;. Rl;Lf; nfhz;Nlhlh mz;zh nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
mtu;fspy; xUtd; ul;zh. te;jdPq;fs; ?" ghl;b Kiwj;Jg; ghu;f;fg;
Njhop xUj;jpapd; mz;zd;. 'INah fij Nfl;Lf; nfhz;L ghu;f;f mYkhupiaj; jpwe;J
mz;zh vd;Nwd; jpUk;gpatd; epf;fhky; cq;fl tPl;Lg; gf;fk; jhj;jhtpd; Ntl;bfspy; xd;iw
fz;L nfhz;ljd; milahskha; NghB nfjpah" vLj;J te;J mtu;fsplk;
iffshy; irif nra;jhd;. mjw;F nghWik ,oe;J rPwpdhd; nfhLj;j NghJ mij tpupj;J
Nky; mtdhy; Ngrhky; Nghf mtd;. mirj;jgb ,tu;fSk; ,d;Ndhu;
Kbatpy;iy vd;W epidf;fpNwd;. nfhOk;Gj;Jiwj; JiwKfj; nts;isf; nfhbiaf; fhl;ba gb
'mk;kk;khitAk; khkhitAk; jpypUe;J town Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; gpujhd ,uhZtKk; ntbr;rj;jkpd;wp VNjh
$l;bf; nfhz;L cq;fl tPl;Lg; tPjpapy; Neuhfg; Nghdhy; Jz;br; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijf;F neUq;FtJ Nghy
gf;fk; Ngh. vq;fl Ml;fs; ,e;j re;jp tUk;. me;j ehw;re;jp %iy xUtiu xUtu; Nehf;fp elf;fj;
,lk; KOtJk; xspr;rpUf;fpdk;. tPl;by; mtu;fs; Kfhkpl;bUe;jhu;fs;. njhlq;fpdu;.
Mkp te;jhy; mNdfkh ,jpy me;j ehw;re;jpapypUe;J gpupe;J ePz;L NtypfSf;Fs;Sk; kjpy;
mbghL elf;Fk;" tUk; gpujhd tPjp my;yhj tPjp fSf;Fs;Sk; gJq;fpapUe;j
vq;fs; tPL uapy; ghijapd; xd;wpy; ,g;NghJ ,tu;fs; epd;W rdk;> rkhjhdj;Jf;F te;J
me;jg;gf;fKk; ghl;b tPL nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. mJ uapy; ghijia tpl;lhu;fs; vd vz;zpf; nfhz;L
uapy; ghijapd; ,e;jg; gf;fKk; ClWj;Jr; nry;Yk; me;j tPjpapy; ngbad;fspd; gpd;dhy; nkJ
mike;jpUe;jd. vq;fs; tPL ntbr;rj;jk; Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. nkJthf efu;e;J Ntbf;if
mike;jpUe;j mNj gf;fkhfj;jhd; uapy;ghijapd; ,e;jg;gf;fk; ,tu;fSk; ghu;f;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. mtu;fs;
mUNf ];uPghu;tjp tpj;jpahrhiyapy; me;jg;gf;fk; uhZtKkhf tPjp jLj;jijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; .
mikjpg;gil vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;l NtypfSf;Fs; kiwe;J nfhz;L vq;fs; thrypy; ePz;l fhyk; ,Ue;j
uhZtk; Kfhk; mikj;jpUe;jJ. Rlj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. nghq;fy; xUtd;> Mkpia Nehf;fp Kd;Ndwpg;
nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; flypy; ghid nghq;fp topAk; Neuk; xd;whff; NghFk; NghJ jpUk;gp> 'xOq;ifNahL
te;J> FWf;Fj; njUf;fshy; fl;bg; Nghl;l rPdntb ntbg;gJ epy; rdj;NjhL tuhNj mtq;fs;
CUf;Fs; ,wq;fp Neuhf te;jhy; NghypUe;jJ me;jr; rlrlg;G. vg;gbAk; RLthq;fs; ftdk;" vd;W
ghl;b tPl;Lg; gFjpf;F tuyhk;. gpd; rw;W Neuj;jpy; rj;jk; Xa;e;jJ. tpl;Lg; Nghdhd;.
nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; JiwKfj;ij ul;zhTf;Fk; ,d;ndhU mtd; nrhd;dJ Nghy; jhd;
mz;ba gf;fk; ,uhZt Kfhk; Nghuhspf;Fk; if fhy;fspy; fhak; epfo;e;jJ. ,UgFjpf;Fkpilapy; E}
,Uf;ftpy;iy Mjyhy; ,uNthL gl;bUe;jJ. me;j tPjpapypUe;J ghl;b W kPw;wu; $l ,ilntsp ,y;yhjsT
,uthf mtu;fs; mg;gbj;jhd; tPl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;Gk; xOq;ifapd; mz;kpj;j NghJ Nghu; epWj;jnkd;Wk;
te;jpUe;jhu;fs;. Klf;fpy; ul;zhtpd; jq;if ntspNaWtjw;fhf ehs; Fwpf;fg;gl;Lf;
',itaisf; $l;bf; nfhz;L fhag;gl;ltu;fspd; uj;jj;ijf; fhj;jpUe;j epiyapYk; NeUf;F
nfjpah cq;fl tPl;Lg; gf;fk; Ngh. fOt thspapy; jz;zPiu itj;J Neuha; uhZtk; Nghuhspfis
jq;fl MSiff;Fs; ,Uf;fpw gf;fj;J fpz;zj;jpy; ms;sp Cw;wpf; nfhz;L ,yf;F itj;Jj; jhf;fpaJ .
Ml;fSf;F mjpfk; gpur;rid ju epd;whs;. NkYk; thspapy; ePu; vLj;J xU kzp Neuk; ePbj;j
khl;lhq;fs;. ,Jf;Fs;is te;jhq;fs; te;J mtsUNf itj;j vd;dplk; rz;ilf;Fg; gpd; ntw;wp Njhy;tpapd;wp
vz;lhy; fiur;ry;. vq;fNshl 'nts;is Ntl;b vLj;J te;J ,uhZtk; KfhKf;Fj; jpUk;g>
Nru;e;J eLtpy khl;Lg;glNtz;b FL" vd;whd; ul;zh. Nghuhspfs; jhk; Kd;G cytpa
tUk;." 'cdf;Ff; fl;lth. gQ;R ,lq;fspy; epiynaLf;fj;
'ePq;fs; te;jJ nfhz;L tuth?" njhlq;fpdhu;fs;.
njupQ;rpUf;FNkh?" 'INah vd;dl;il vq;fs; tPbUe;j fhzpapd;
'mJ jhd; rdj;ij vy;yhkpUf;F. nfhQ;r NeukhtJ vy;iy jhz;b gf;fthl;by;
uapy;ghij fle;J Mkpg;gf;fk; FWf;f fijf;fhky; nrhy;Ywijf; ,Ue;jJ Ffjhrdg;gh tsT.
Nghfhky; kwpr;R itr;rpUf;fpwk; Nfs; ghg;gk;. mtq;fSf;F mijf; fle;J gpugh mz;zh tPL
MdhYk; njupQ;rpUf;Fk;. mtq;fs; nts;isf; nfhb fhl;l Xbg;Ngha; jhz;b xOq;ifapy; ,wq;fpdhy;
mwptpr;rpUg;ghq;fs;. nfjpahg; Ngh. khkhtpd;u Ntl;biaf; nfhz;L gps;isahu; Nfhtpy; tUk;> gps;isahu;
epd;W fijf;fnty;yhk; vq;fSf;F th." Nfhtpy; tPjpNahL ,ize;j tPjpapy;
mDkjpapy;iy." khkhtplk; Xbg;Ngha; Ntl;b ghlrhiy ,Uf;fpwJ mq;F jhd;
23 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
uhZtk; jk; Kfhik mikj;jpUe;jJ.

vq;fs; tPl;L Kw;wj;Jf;F Neuhf
Fl;baz;zh tPLk; ePz;l gug;Gf;
fhzpAk; tUk; mJ flf;f> Ntjehafk;
thj;jpahu; tPl;Lg; gpd; Kw;wKk;
“
XLq;Nfh te;jpl;lhq;fs;
vd;W fj;jp tpl;L
tsTf;Ff; ghis
Kw;wj;jpy; maypd; Xyk; Nfl;lJ.
,dp kPl;rpapy;iy vDk; NghJ gaKk;
Ngha; tpLk; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;. ve;j
Mgj;Jf; fhyj;jpYk; gak; vd;id
mjpfkhf Ml;nfhz;lJkpy;iy
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midj;Jk; uapy; ghijf;F rw;iwf;Fs; vdf;fUNf capupd; kPJk; tho;tpd; kPJk; mjpf
,q;fhy; uhZtk; jq;fpapUf;Fk; %d;Nwh ehd;Nfh gw;W vdf;F VNdh vg;NghJk;
gFjpf;Fs; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,t;tplk;
midj;Jk; Kd;G NghuhspfSf;F
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nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
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vz;zpg; ghu;f;fpNwd;.
mtu;fs; Rltpy;iy.
,Ue;jjpy; mtu;fSf;F mq;Nf $l;bf; nfhz;L te;J
jk;ik epiyg;gLj;JtJ ,yFthf maypy; mg;gbj;jhd; gyu; fhzhkw; tpwhe;ijapy; ,Uj;jpdhu;fs;.
,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. NghapUe;jhu;fs;. tpwhe;ij may;> cwT kdpju;fshy;
mtu;fs; Ntjehafk; thj;jpahu; ,tu;fis uhZtk; nfhd;W epiwe;jpUe;jJ. ehd; tsTf;Fs;
tPl;Lg; gpd; tpwhe;ijapy; gJq;fpf; tplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;F Nky; Xbajhy; my;y. jhk; kuts;spj;
nfhz;lhu;fs;. mJ vq;fs; tPl;L vJTk; rpe;jpf;fj; njupatpy;iy. Kd; Njhl;lf; fhzpf;Fs; GFe;J jto;e;J
Kw;wj;Jf;F Neuhd gFjp. NtypapNywp Fl;baz;zh tsTf;Ff; tUk; NghJ topapy; mfg;gl;l
kjpaj;jpy; vy;yhk; ,ay;Gf;Fj; Fjpj;J Neuhf Xb mtu;fsplk; midtiuAk; ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L
jpUk;gpaJ. nrhy;yptpLk; ce;jypy; Xba NghJ te;J ,Uj;jpapUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gJ
mk;kh ciy itj;jpUe;jhu;. ghjp topapy; uhZtk; tsTf;Fs; mg;NghJ jhd; njupe;jJ. mJtiu
ehd; cs;Ns ,Ue;Njd;. J}uj;Nj ,wq;fp vd;id Nehf;fp tUtJ `T]; mu];l; vd;gij thrpj;Jj;
eha; Fiuf;Fk; xyp Nfl;fj; njupe;jJ. ,dp Xl KbahJ jhd; mwpe;jpUf;fpNwd; Mdhy; md;W
njhlq;fpaJ. XLq;Nfh te;jpl;lhq;fs; vd;W Neupy; czu;e;Njd;..
mJ uhZtk; tUk; rkpf;iQ. fj;jp tpl;L tsTf;Ff; ghis nghWf;fj; kjpak; fle;J khiyahfp
'gps;is miwia tpl;L njhlq;fpNdd;. rw;iwf;Fs; vdf;fUNf nghOJ kq;fj; njhlq;fpAk;
ntspNa te;J Kw;wj;jpy; ,U" %d;Nwh ehd;Nfh uhZtj;jpdu; mtu;fSf;F vq;fis tpLtpf;Fk;
vd;whu; mk;kh Rw;wp epd;W nfhz;bUe;jdu;. vz;zkpy;iy. vkf;fhd czTk;
eha; Fiuf;Fk; rj;jk; ,dp miraTk; XlTk; ePUk; rpWePUk; mtu;fs; fUj;jpy;
Ffjhrdg;gh tsTg; gf;fkhf vJTkpy;iy vd;gJ Gupe;jJk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk; mtu;fs;
vd;W Gupe;jJ. me;j tstpy; Kd;G Ngrhky; khu;gpd; FWf;Nf ifiaf; gzpkhwp cz;L Fbj;Jj; njd;ghf
,af;fk; kuts;spj; Njhl;lk; nra;J> fl;b epd;W nfhz;Nld;. ifia Nky; ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ehk; rq;fPjk; ghlg;
mijg;gpLq;fp rpg;]; nra;J tpw;ghu;fs;. Nehf;fp cau;j;jr; nrhd;dhu;fs; . NghtJ Nghy tupirahf rg;ghzp
mtu;fs; Nghd gpd; mJ epue;ju Rl;lhy; guthapy;iy Ntnwhd;wk; fl;b tpwhe;ijapy; mku;e;jpUe;Njhk;.
kuts;spj; Njhl;lkhf khwpapUe;jJ>. nra;ahky; tpl;lhy; rup vd;gJ kl;Lk; vk;ikg; gpbj;J itj;jpUe;jjd;
cau;e;J mlu;e;j kuts;spj; jiwf;Fs; kdjpy; ,Ue;jJ. NtNwJk; nra;jhy; Nehf;fk; vk;khy; VJk; Mgj;J tUk;
gJq;fp jpLjpg;ngd tPLfSf;Fs; jahf;fh tPl;by; ,Ug;gtu;fs; vd;gjy;y. mJ xU ghJfhg;G. ek;ik
EiotJ ,uhZtj;Jf;F trjpahf RLthu;fs; vd;w epidTk; MWjYk; tpwhe;ijapy; ,Uj;jp itj;J jhk;
,Ue;jJ. te;jJ. tsT KOJk; gJq;fpf; fple;jJ
vq;fs; tPl;bw;F te;J ,e;jpa uhZtj;Jf;Fj; jkpo; mtu;fis neUq;fpr; nry;Yk; tiu
Kw;wj;jpypUe;J Fl;baz;zh nkhopngau;f;f vg;NghJk; ahuhtJ tPl;by; cs;s kf;fSf;fhf mtu;fs;
tsTf;Fs; ,wq;fpdhu;fs; vdpy; jkpo; njupe;j uhZtk; $lNt tPl;il Nehf;fp MAjq;fs; gad;gLj;j
Ntjehafk; thj;jpahu; tPl;by; ,Ue;jJ. mtu;fs; vNjh nrhy;yr; khl;lhu;fs; vd ek;gpdhu;fs; vd
mijr; Rw;wpa gFjpfspy; gJq;fpa nrhy;y Vd; te;jha;. vjw;fhf epidf;fpNwd;.
midtiuAk; Rw;wp tisj;Jf; Xbdha;> vd;d nrhy;ypf; fj;jpdha; MdhYk; ,ilf;fpil ,tu;fs;
nfhd;W NghLthu;fs; vd;w gak; vd;W vd;W jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;Jf; VTtJk; mtu;fs; jpUg;gp VTtJk;
te;jJ. nfhz;bUe;j uhZtj;jplk; 'gak; ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. vk; tPl;Lg;
mtu;fs; toikahf mijj;jhd; cq;fisf; fz;l gak;" vd;w gjpy; gf;fk; VTgtu;fSf;F tPbUe;j
nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. Ciur; kl;LNk nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. gFjpAk; ehkpUe;j ,lKk; kpFjpf;
Rw;wp tisj;Jg; gpbj;Jr; nrd;W ,Wjpahf jiyapy; Jg;ghf;fp fhzpAk; njspthfj; njupe;jpUf;f
ghlrhiyapy; nfhd;W mjd; itj;J kpul;bdhd; xUtd;. mtu;fs; Ntz;Lk;. tpwhe;ij vy;iyiaj;
R+oypy; Gijj;Jf; nfhz;L jk;ik ,q;Nf vq;Nf kiwe;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; jtpu;j;J mtu;fspd; rd;dq;fs; te;J
rkhjhdg;gil vd milahsg; vd mjl;bdhu;fs;. gjpy; nrhy;yhky; tpOe;jd. tpOk; Nghnjy;yhk; vk;
gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. Cupy; fz;fis %bf; nfhz;Nld;. vq;fs; xNu gpuhu;j;jid ,tu;fs; vtUk;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 24
fhag;gl;L me;j tprupy; vk;kPJ epd;wpUe;j tPjp. mijf; fle;J mtu;fs; vg;NghJk; vdf;F
jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sf; $lhJ tpl;lhy; jg;gp tplyhk; vdpDk; ek;gpf;iff;F cfe;jtu;fshfNt
vd;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. mijf; flg;gjw;fpilapy; mtu;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ,e;jpa uhZtf;fhyq;fspy;
kjpaj;jpy; ,Ue;jtu;fis fz;L nfhz;lhy; jg;gpr; nry;Yk; tFg;GfSf;Fr; nrd;W jpUk;g
tpl khiyapy; te;j jiyg;ghiff; Fw;wKk; te;J NrUk;. md;iwa ,Ul;b tpl;lhy; Nkw;nfhz;L
$l;lj;jpd; fz;fspy; nfhûKk; ,uit vk;ikr; rpd;dhgpd;dg; tPjpapy; nry;yg; gae;J mtu;fs;
ntwpAk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjw;Fs; gLj;jg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;fs;. Kfhk; thrypy; ,wq;fp> tPLtiu
,isatsha; xUj;jpaha; khl;bf; mUNf ,Ue;j tPl;L kjpypy; Jiz thUq;fs; vd;Ngd;. xU
nfhz;bUe;j vd;kPJ mtu;fs; fz;fs; kdpjj; jiyfs; Ntbf;if ghu;j;jd. NghJk; kWj;jjpy;iy mtu;fs;..
Xba Nghnjy;yhk; mUntUg;Gk; mtu;fs; vdf;F cwth vd;gJ ehd; cjtp Nfl;gtu; tUthu;
gaKk; te;jJ. mdhtrpakha; njupatpy;iy xl;b cwthbatu;fs;. my;yJ tPl;ilf; Fwpg;Gr; nrhy;yp
mbf;fb mUtUg;gha; ghu;j;jhu;fs;. me;j tPl;Lg; ngz;iz mk;kh NtnwtiuAk; Jizf;F mDg;gp
vg;NghJk; mtu;fspy; jkpo; njupe;j mf;fh Nghl;Nl miog;ghu;. ehd; itg;ghu;fs;. mtu;fs; $lNt te;J
xUtiuf; $l itj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. mtupd; kfs;fSld; el;Gg; G+z;L ehd; tPl;Lf;Fs; NghdJk; jpUk;gpg;
mtu;fs; vg;NghJk; fl;lisf;F tpisahb tsu;e;jpUf;fpNwd;. ,d;W Nghthu;fs;.
flNd vd mlq;Fgtu;fs; Nghy mtu;fs; Ntbf;if ghu;j;jpUf;f ,d;Wk; mNj Nghy ghl;b
,Ue;jhu;fs;. mk;kh Nfl;lhu; 'gf;fj;J Ntypahy; tPl;Lf;Fg; NghFk; tiu Mkp
khiy kaq;Fk; Neuk; cq;fl tPl;il te;J epd;W tpl;L neUq;fhky; ghJfhg;ghf. $l
jpUk;gTk; gzpahl;fs; khwpdhu;fs;. Mkp NghdJk; ghl;b tPl;Lg; te;jhu;fs; .
,tu;fs; tpyfp ,d;ndhU $l;lk; gf;fk; Ngha; tpLfpNwhk;" vd. mLj;jehs; vq;fs; gf;fk;
tUk; ,ilntspf;Fs; fpl;lj;jl;l 'IiaNah ePq;fs; Mkp gpbr;R gjl;lk; ,Ue;jJ vdpDk; ghl;b
Misahs; milahsk; njupahj itj;jpUe;j Ml;fs; vq;fSf;F tPl;Lg; gf;fk; uhZtKk; ,y;iy
,Us; ftpe;j nghOjhfp apUe;jJ. Nrhyp Ntz;lhk;" vd;W nrhy;yp ve;jnthU Nghuhspf; FOTkpy;iy.
me;jj; jkpo; rpg;gha; Nfhbg;gf;fj;jhy; Xbg;Ngha; tPl;Lf;Fs; GFe;J nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; vd; rpWtFg;G
nky;y neUq;fpdhu;. gj;jpf; fiuapy; G+l;bf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. mjd; gpd; ez;gpfs; gyu; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;.
epd;W cs;Ns ,Ue;j vq;fisg;ghu;j;J ve;jnthU fhyj;jpYk; ehd; me;j mtu;fspy; xUj;jp ehd; NtW
'mk;kh mLj;jtq;fs; khghtpfs; tPl;L Kw;wjpy; fhy; itf;ftpy;iy ghlrhiy> NtW R+oy; vd tpyfpr;
mtq;fs; thwJf;fpilapy ,e;jr; ehq;fs; ikky; ,Ul;by; nrd;w NghJk; jd; el;ig tplhky;
rpd;dg; ngz;izf; $l;bf; nfhz;L gJq;fp epd;W tpl;L Mkp mfd;wgpd; ,Wf;fpg; gpbj;J itj;jpUe;jhs;.
,q;fpUe;J nrd;W tpLq;fs;" vd;whu;. tPjpia vl;bg; ghu;j;j NghJ vq;fs; gf;fk; epfo;e;j mkspiaf;
mk;kh ve;jg; gf;fk; NghtJ vk;ikg;NghyNt NtW rpyUk; NtW Nfs;tpg;gl;L Nfhtpy; tiu Xb te;J
vd;W njupahky; jLkhwpdhu;. NtW fhzpfSf;Fs; ,Ue;J tPjp Kjy; ehisar; rq;fjp tprhupj;jhs;.
jhk; Nghfg;NghFk; topiaAk;> flf;fj; jiyia ePl;bg; ghu;j;Jf; 'mk;khitas; ngupahf;fs;. ,g;g
Gjpatu;fs; tug;NghFk; topiaAk; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. gakpy;iy. gpbr;Rf; nfhz;L Nghf
iffshy; fhl;b 'mt;tplj;ijr; fhiyapy; te;jtu;fisr; khl;bdk;. eP ,q;f ,Uf;f Ntz;lhk;.
re;jpf;fhJ tsTfSf;Fs;shy; Ngha; Nru;e;jtu;fs; kWgf;fj;jpy; VJk; nra;J NghLtq;fs; th
tpLq;fs;. tPjp fle;jhy; mq;fhy; gJq;fpapUe;jhu;fs;. ehq;fs; vd;Ndhl. mq;Nf gakpy;iy" vd;W
uhZtk; ,y;iy. mtq;fs; te;J kiwe;jpUe;jijf; fz;bUf;fNtz;Lk; xw;iwf; fhypy; epd;W mioj;jhs;.
fzf;nfLj;j gpd; ,q;fpUe;J tpyf ,Q;rhy Xb thq;Nfh vd;W tho;tpy; rpy kdpju;fspd;
KbahJ" vd;whu;. mtrug;gLj;jp mioj;J thu;j;ijfis vd;dhy; jl;l
kw;wtu;fis tpl;L tpl;Lg; Nkw;nfhz;L ghJfhg;ghf efu top Kbtjpy;iy. el;ngDk;
NghtJ kpFe;j typ je;jJ vdpDk; fhl;bdhu;fs;. thu;j;ijf;Fs; ebf;fhj mtu;fspd;
eP Ngha; tpL vd;gNj mtu;fs; mJ ghl;b tPl;Lf;Fg; NghFk; Nerj;Jf;Fs; ehd; vg;NghJk; mlq;fpNa
midtupd; fz;fspd; Nrjpahf Rw;Wg; ghij. fple;Njd;. mtSk; mtsJ je;ijAk;
,Ue;jJ. ,Ul;by; Mkp epw;FNkh vd;W nrhd;djpy; epahak; ,Ug;gjhf Vw;W
ehDk; mk;khTk; gJq;fpg; mk;kh gae;jhu;. 'Mkp ,y;iy. mtu;fSld; mDg;gp tpl;lhu;fs;.
gJq;fp gpd; Nfhb Ntypiag; mq;fhy mtq;fs; epf;fpwhq;fs; flw;fiu tPjpapy; mtsJ tPl;L kjpypy;
gpupj;Jf; nfhz;L ,wq;fpNdhk;. ehq;fs; Nghdhy; jhd; RLghL ehbia itj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNa
ntwpr;nrd;wpUe;j tPLfspd; tUk;. ePq;fs; Nghq;Nfh gakpy;iy ghu;j;jhy; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf;Fs;
kiwTfSf;Fs; gJq;fp ele;J tPjpia cq;fis xd;Wk; nra;a khl;lhq;fs;" mlq;Fk; flw;gug;G KOtijAk;
mz;kpj;j NghJ tPjpapy; ,uhZtj; vd;whu;fs;. rupnad mtu;fs; fhz KbAk;..
jiyfs; njupe;jd. mtu;fs; nrhd;d ,lj;ijf; fle;Njhk; ehk; NghFk; NghJ
Nuhe;J Ngha;f;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. mq;fhy; mtu;fs; nrhd;d flw;fiu my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyg;
mJ fhiyapd; uhZtk; mtu;fs; epd;whu;fs;. gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mtsJ
25 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
je;ij vk;ik cs;Ns tpl;L tpl;L epd;W gyKiw mij Ntbf;if ,dpikaha; vj;jidahapuk;
JiwKfj;jpy; tprhupf;fg; Nghdhu; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;Nghk;. fdTfSld; cq;fisg; ngw;W
jpUk;gp tUk; NghJ mtuJ Kfk; ,d;Wk; mit Nghyj;jhd; tsu;j;jpUg;ghu;fs;. vtNuh
tpOe;jpUe;jJ. kpje;J nfhz;bUe;jd. vdpDk; nrhLf;fpOf;f ntbj;j Ntl;Lfsha;
'vd;d Iah?" mit kl;ilfs; my;y. kz;ilfs; cq;fSf;Fs;NsNa mbgl;L
'xz;Lkpy;iy Ngha; cs;Ns vd;whu;fs;. xt;nthU Kiw kpje;J mdhijg; gpzkhf njUtopNa
,Uq;Nfh gps;isas;". njupAk; NghJk; ts;sj;jpy; Xb ,uty; nfhs;sp Nfl;Lf; fplg;gPu;fs;
ehd; vg;NghJ mtsplk; fiuapy; ,Oj;J te;J tsu;j;jpa vdf; fdthtJ fz;bUg;ghu;fsh
NghdhYk; kjpypy; ehbitj;J NghJ jhd; cly;fisf; fhz cq;fisg; ngw;Wg; Nghw;wp
fliy Ntbf;if ghu;g;gJ tof;fk;. Kbe;jJ. mit rPUilNahLk; tsu;j;jtu;fs vd;w Nfs;tp vdf;Fs;
Iah jd; Ntiyfis Kbj;J rPUilaw;w rhjhuz cilfNshLk; ,ilawhJ vOk;gj; njhlq;fpaJ.
tpl;L ,UtiuAk; $l;bf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jd. kdk; Nrhu;e;J midj;Jk; kwf;f
flw;fiuapy; elg;ghu;> flypy; fhy; vdpDk; vJTk; uhZtr; tpUk;gpaJ.
eidf;f tpl;L ts;sq;fspy; Vwp rPUilia xj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mJ epfo;e;J rpy ehl;fspy; ehd;
,Uf;ftpl;Lf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; Iah mitfisf; fiuNaw;wpf; mtrukhf aho;g;ghzj;ijg; gpupe;Njd;.
md;W 'cs;Ns Nghq;Nfh' vdr; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fsplk; 'vd;d ,e;jg; gpupTk; gazKk; vd;id
nrhd;dJ mjprakhf ,Ue;jJ.. jk;gp nra;ag; NghwPq;fs;" vd;whu; epue;jukhf me;j kz;zpypUe;J
'gps;isfis cs;Ns Iah. js;sp itj;Jtplg; NghfpwJ vd;w
$g;gpLk;. flypy gpzk; kpjf;FJ 'mtq;fSk; Xbl;lhq;fs; > fhyj;jpd; fzpg;gPLfs; njupahky;.
gae;jplg; NghFJfs;" vd;whu; ,tq;fSk; XBl;lhq;fs;. kpjf;fpw ehd;> ele;j> ehd; tpisahba> ehd;
mk;khtplk; nghbais fiuapy fple;J ehwp rpupj;j> gpbj;jtu;fNshL $b miye;j>
ehk; cs;Ns Nghftpy;iy ehapOj;J ehrkhfl;Lk; vz;L Nghiu> mJ rhu;e;j midtiuAk;
fiuNahuk; rdk; Ftpaj; njhlq;fpaJ. ehq;fSk; tpNlYNk. ve;j ,af;fk; Nerpj;j> mtu;fSf;fha; mOj>
gpzq;fs; fiunahJq;fj; njhlq;fpd. vz;lhYk; vy;yhk; vq;fl gps;isas; kyu;fs; J}tpa> xU ntbr;rj;jhNkh>
gpzk; J}uj;jpy; kpje;J njupAk; vy;Nyh?" vd;whu; toikahf kPd; Jf;f ,irNah Nfl;f Kbahky;
NghJ ts;sj;jpy; nrd;W ,Oj;J gpbf;f ts;sk; nfhz;L NghFk; Neha;g;gl;L Klq;fpa tPjpia
tUtjhf mjpy; epd;wtu;fs; Ngrpf; xU Iah. g]; fle;j NghJ FKwpf;nfhz;L
nfhz;lhu;fs;. fiukPl;l cly;fis mOif te;jJ. mOJ Xa;e;j NghJ
vq;Nf kpjf;fpd;wJ vd;Nwhk;. Cu;kid jhz;b mk;kd; NfhtpYf;Fg; thfdk; NtW NtW Cu;fisj;
mq;Nf njupfpwJ ghu; NghFk; tPjpf; fiu ePsk; xd;whfg; jhz;b tpl;bUe;jJ.
vdj; J}uq;fisr; Rl;bf; fhl;bf; Nghl;L vupA+l;bdhu;fs; . mNrhfr; rf;futu;j;jpf;F
nfhz;lhu;fs;. mtu;fSf;F cjtr; nrd;W Aj;jfsj;jpy; gpzq;fSf;F
flypd; fz;Zf;nfl;Lk; tpl;L Iah cs;Ns tUk; eLtpy; Qhdk; gpwe;jJ Nghy
vy;iytiu vk;khy; gpzq;fis NghJ 'ghtpg; ngbas;. mtq;fs; ntWikAw;wpUe;jJ kdk;. jpUk;gj;
milahsk; fhz Kbatpy;iy. tu ,tq;fSk;> ,tq;fs; Xl jpUk;g flypd; gpzq;fs; kdJf;Fs;
ehDk; mtSk; vq;Nf vq;Nf mtq;fSkhf ,J jhd; ,uT kpje;J miyf;fopj;jd.
vd tpdtpf; nfhz;Nlhk;. KOJk; flYf;Fs;s Xb Xb rNfhjuu;fs; jkf;Fs;
J}uj;jpy; ghUq;fs; jiy kpjf;fpwJ RLgl;ltq;fs; Nghy. nrhe;jr; Nkhj khl;lhu;fs;. rNfhju Aj;jk;
vd;whu;fs;. rNfhjuq;fis mbglj; J}z;b vd;W xd;wpy;iy. mg;gb xd;W
nfhOk;Gj;Jiw> tPl;Lf; tpl;Lg; Nghl;L Mkpf;fhud; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; mJ vq;fpUe;Njh
ifj;njhopyhf Jk;Gk; fapWk; mupahiyf;Fs;s ghJfhg;gha; ahNuh Vtp tpl NkhJk; %lu;fspd;
nra;Ak; fpuhkk;. mjw;fhd Njq;fha; xspr;rpUf;fpwhd;. mtq;fSf;nfd;d Nkhjy;. %lu;fs; rNfhjuu;fshf
kl;ilfis flw;fiur; rJg;Gg; epidr;rJ elf;FJ. xU NghJk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.
gug;gpy; Gijg;ghu;fs; rupahfj; vq;filaSf;F vg;g Gj;jp vd;wJ kdk;. kdJf;Fs; vJNth
Gijf;fg; glhj kl;ilfs;> my;yJ tug; NghFJ. jq;fl vjpup Mu; glglntdr; rupe;jJ.
ngUkioapy; ntspf;fpsk;gpa vd;W vg;g Gupag; NghFJfs;" ,Jtiuahd midj;Jf;
kl;ilfs;> my;yJ vg;NghjhtJ Iah Gyk;gpf; nfhz;Nl fw;gpjq;fspypUe;Jk; ,Wjpahf ehd;
miy cau;e;J tPjptiu tUk; ,Ue;jhu;. ntspNa te;J nfhz;bUe;Njd;.
Ntfj;jpy; ,Ogl;L flYf;Fs; ehd; tPl;Lf;F te;j gpd;Dk;> g]; ehd;> gpwe;j nfhOk;G efiu
nry;Yk; kl;ilfs; miy Fiwe;j NkYk; gy fhyq;fSf;Fk; > ,g;NghJ Nehf;fp efu;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.
Mog;gFjpapy; kpje;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; tiu vd; fz;fSf;Fs; fly;
flw;fiur; Nrw;wpy; Cwp mjd; kpje;J> flypy; cly;fs; kpjf;fj; xU rPtpaj;jpd; cd;dj fhyg;gFjpiar;
Nkw;Njhy; epwk; khwp fUg;ghfj; njhlq;fpd. Rke;jpUe;j kz;zpypUe;J
njupAk;. ehDk; mtSk; flw;fiuapy; vj;jid fhjyha;> vj;jid epue;jukhfg; gpupj;J!
26 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202326
murpay; mdhijfs;
'murpay; mehijfs;"
vd;w ,yq;if jkpou;
Nghuhl;l tuyhW vd;Dk;
Gj;jfk; ifapy; fpilj;J
v y;NyhUf;Fk; murpay; mehijfs;
vd;Dk; ,g;Gj;jfj;ij njhFj;jtu;
epfo;e;j murpay; epfo;Tfs;>
Nghuhl;lq;fs;> gpuRuq;fs;>
murpay; mwpf;iffs; vy;yhk; jpfjp>
gp.,uahfud; vd;wjhy; ,uahtpd; khjk;> Mz;L vd Fwpf;fg;gl;L
,uz;L ehl;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. vOj;Jf;fSf;F guPl;rakhdtu;fSf;F nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ.
ez;gd; xUtd; Nghd; xU ghu;it ,Uf;Fk; vd;W njhlu;e;J thrpf;f 1985k; Mz;L
vLj;J 'Gj;jfk; vg;gpb?" epidf;fpNwd;. Mdhy; ,e;j Gj;jfk; fhyg;gFjpf;F ,l;L nry;Yk; ,t;
vd;whd;. 'Gj;jfk; ed;whf ahUila tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fSf;Fk; Mtz Gj;jfk;> ,dtpLjiyf;fhd
te;jpUf;F" vd;W nrhy;y mg;ghy; xU Neu;ikahd Mtz MAj Nghuhl;lk; vt;thW MAjk;
Ms; ek;Ngy;y. 'mg;g njhFg;ghf ntspte;jpUf;fpwJ. %yk; kdpj cupikfs; kWf;fg;gl;L
vOjp jhq;Nfhtd;. mgj;jk; vdf;Fk; ,uahtpd; murpay; MAj td;Kiwfyhr;rhuk; jkpo; NgRk;
,iza rQ;rpifapy mZFKiwfs;> murpay; vOj;Jf;fspd; kf;fspd; kPJk; mtu;fspd; [dehaf
NghLtk;" vd;whd;. kPJ tpku;rdq;fs;> khw;Wf; fUj;Jf;fs; cupikfspd; kPJk; kz;iz thup
,Ue;jhYk; ,e; E}y; njhFg;ig ms;spf;nfhl;b epd;wJ vd;gjid
'vd;dlh ,td; mWthd;. xU tuyhw;W gjpthf;fp> epidTfis
ehd; Rk;kh ehyQ;R thrpf;f njhlq;f ,j; njhFg;gpd;
kPjhd ek;gf jd;ik mjpfupf;f njhiyj;J tplhky; tUk; ,sk;
gf;fj;ij jl;b Edpg;Gy; njhlq;fpaJ. ,jw;fhf NjhoUk;> rKjhaj;jpw;F ,t; tuyhw;iw
Nka;Q;rij nrhy;y ,td; ez;gUkhd ,uahfuDf;F vd; ifaspg;gjhf Njhd;WfpwJ.
tplhg;gpbah Nff;fpwhNd tho;j;Jf;fs;. ,jdhy; ,e;j Gj;jfk;
tPz; tpy;yq;fkhg; Nghr;Nrh" kpfTk; ftdj;jpw;F cs;shf;fgl
$Ptd;
vd;W epidr;rd;. Mdhy; Ntz;banjhd;whFk;.
Gj;jfj;ij thrpf;f njhlq;f ,e;j cyfpy; ,Jtiuapy;
kdR fdf;f njhlq;fpaJ. epfo;e;j tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l
vOjyhk; vd Njhd;WfpwJ.
27 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
tuyhWfspy;> ePz;l fhyk; epfo;e;j

murpay; kw;Wk; MAj Nghuhl;l
tuyhW vdpy; ,yq;ifapy; epfo;e;j
jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;l
tuyhw;iwjtpu;j;J $wptpl KbahJ.
mt;thW epfo;e;j tuyhw;Wf;
Fwpg;Gf;fs; Mq;fhq;Nf vOjg;gl;L
,Ue;jhYk; ngUk; ghYk; vy;yhk; xU
Fj;Jkjpg;G fzf;fpy; nrhy;Yk; xU
Nkk;Nghf;fhd epiyNa ngUk;ghYk;
vk;kplk; cz;L.
tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l
mikg;Gf;fspy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy;
cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l mikg;gpy;
vt;tsT cWg;gpdu;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs;
vdpy; Fj;J kjpg;ghf vd;Nw
fzf;F tUk;. rTf;F Njhl;lj;jpy;
Gijf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; vz;zpf;if
vd;dntd;whYk; mJTk; Fj;J
kjpg;Gf; fzf;Fj;jhd;.
Gypfshy; nfhy;yg;gl;l
nuNyh cWg;gpdu;fs;?
k h j ; i j a h T l d ;
nfhy;yg;gl;ltu;fs;?
2009 ,Wjpg;Nghupy;
nfhy;yg;gl;ltu;fs;?
nts;isf; nfhbAld;
ruzile;jtu;fs;?
,t;thW vjpYk; xU
Fj;Jkjpg;Gf; fzf;Fld; jhd; tuyhW
,Uf;fpwJ. mJ kl;Lky;yhky; ,d;Wk;
capUld; tUthu;> tukhl;lhu;
vd;Dk; Fj;J kjpg;G fzf;FfisNa
ehk; NghLfpd;Nwhk;.
Mdhy; ,e;j ,yq;if jkpou;
Nghuhl;l tuyhw;Wj; njhFg;gpy;
Kbe;j msT Mtz Nru;f;iffs;
,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpwJ.
aho; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; epfo;e;j
gfpbtijf;F (uhf;fpq;) vjpu;> MjuT
khztu;fspd; [dehaf Nghuhl;lj;ij
( khztu;fspilNa mt;tg;NghJ
rpW iffyg;Gf;fs;> rz;ilfs;
epfo;e;jhYk;) MAj mr;RWj;jy; %yk;
KbTf;F nfhz;Ltu Kw;gl;l jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gyp ,af;fj;ijvjpu;j;J
khztu;fs; Nghuhba tuyhw;W
epfo;Tfs; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
mJ md;W epfo;e;j NkilNgr;Rf;fs;>
vjpu;g;G Cu;tyq;fs;> Rtnuhl;bfs;>
mwpf;iffs; %yk; cj;juthj
gLj;jg;gl;l nkhopapy; ,Uf;fpwJ.
,t;thwhd xyp> Xsp tbt
fhnzhspfisAk;> ,af;fq;fspd;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 28
Jz;L gpuRuq;fs;> tuyhw;W

MtzFwpg;Gf;fs; vd;git ngUkstpy;
'gbg;gfk;" ,iza jsj;jpy; fhz
fpilf;fpwJ. ,jid njhFj;J
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,uahfud;> kw;Wk; rpwp Nghd;Nwhupd;
gq;fspg;ig Fiwj;J kjpj;Jtpl
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tijf;F vjpu; FO khztu;fspd;
[dehaf Nghuhl;lk; MAj
mlf;FKiwf;F cl;gl> mij
vjpu;j;j mikg;G FO khztu;fspy;
xUtuhd tp[pjud; flj;jg;gl;L
1986 ,y; fhzhky; Mf;fg;gl;lJld;
mtiu epge;jid vJTk; ,d;wp
tpLjiy nra;a Nfhup epfo;e;j rhFk;
tiu cz;zhtpuj Nghuhl;lk;>
msT fle;j kdpj Neaj;ij vd Gwg;gl;L jpirkhwpa Nghuhl;l
Cu;tyk; Nghd;wd MAjj;jhy;
nfhz;ltdha; mk; kf;fis tbtq;fspd; epju;rdk;fz;$lhf
xLf;fg;gl;l nghJ kf;fspd;
Nerpg;gtdha; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhd;. Ks;sptha;f;fhypy; Kbe;J Nghd
FuyhfTk; xypf;f> mt; MAj mlf;F
mJNt midj;J khztu; ngU tuyhw;iw nrhy;yp Ngha;
Kiwf;F vjpuhd khztu; Nghuhl;lk;
Nghuhl;lq;fSk; Kbe;j gpd;Gk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
gy Nfhupf;iffis Kd; itj;J
mtd; kPJ gha;e;j Jg;ghf;fp Fz;Lfs; ,lJrhupak;> tyJrhupak;
epd;wNghJ> mt; 'xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fs;"
murpay; mwpahj Qhd R+dpaq;fspd; Nghd;w nrhw; njhlu;fs;
[dehaf cupikfSf;fhf NghuhLk;
iffspy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. kl;Lg;gLj;jgl;bUf;fyhk;.
gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fisMjupf;fTk;
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nra;j tuyhW nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
nfhy;Yk; MAjq;fis itj;jpUg;gpDk; tpiy &gh 750.00 tpw;fg;gLk; ,t;
,q;F cz;zhtpuj Nkilapy;
tpkNy];tudpd;murpaypw;F Mtz Gj;jfkhdJ 616 gf;fq;fisf;
Ngrpatu;fs; mtu;fspd; Fuy; xyp
gae;J eLq;fpagbNa ,Ue;jpUf; nfhz;lJ. fdlhtpy; ,J 20
ehlhtpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lij
fpd;wdu;. mjdhNyNa mtd; fNdba nlhyu;fSf;F fpilf;fpwJ.
mg;gjptpy; Ngrpa Ngr;R tof;F
nfhy;yg;gLfpwhd;. midtUk;thrpf;f Ntz;ba Mtz
Ngr;rhfNt gjpag;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
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vOj;J nkhop Ngr;R nkhopia
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gjpag;gLfpwJ. gpd;ndhUdhspy; murpaiy nra;a kWjypj;J mJ jq;fis
gpwe;J xU rpykhjq;fNsAila jd; 'murpay; mehijfs;" Mf;fptpLk;
iff;Foe;ijAld; td;dp fhLfs; vd;W gae;J Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia
Clhf jg;gp nrd;w tuyhWfs; njhlu KbahJ vd MAjq;fis
fz;$lhf epfo;e;jJ. Mdhy; mtu;fs; ,Wf fl;baizj;J jpupe;j fij
jq;fs; MAjq;fSf;fhd murpaiy ,q;Fnrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
vOJfpd;wdu;. ,it vy;yhtw;iwAk; Kwpe;j
Vw;fdNt tp[pjud; gidapy; gjpthf;fpa ,uh[pdp
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tp[pjuid tpLtpf;f Nfhup nfhy;yg;gLfpwhu;. murpay; ,y;yhj
rhFk; tiu cz;zhtpujkpUe;j iffspy; cs;s MAjq;fSf;F nfhy;y
tpkNy];tud; gpd; ehnshd;wpy; kl;LNk njupAk;.
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ntWk; Nfhupf;ifia Kd; itj;J jkpo; kf;fspd; Raepu;za cupikf;fhf
NghuhLk; cz;zhtpujp my;y> Nghuhl Gwg;gl;l,af;fq;fs;> MAj
mtdplk; xLf;fg;gLgtu;fspd; td;Kiwia jkpo; kf;fs; kPJk;>
kPjhd Ner murpay; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. jk; ,af;f cWg;gpdu;fspd; kPJk;>
mtd; xLf;fg;gLgtu;fspd; kPJ khw;W,af;fq;fis nfhd;nwhopf;fTk;
29
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ePs;ehs; gl;bUf;Fk;. nfhûkhd tifapy; vf;fr;rf;fkhNdhu; ghjpahf kl;LNk nrg;gk; nfhz;l
Cupd; vy;iyia mz;bapUe;j nrj;Jj; njhiye;jjhfNt Cu; njUtpypUe;J fpisj;Jr; nry;Yk;>
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ghwp> ehwp> Nfhb ngUk;GOf;fs; Kiwapy; vf;fr;rf;fkhNdhu; nrj;Jj; kyf;fopay;fShL nry;Yk; xw;iwf;
Rod;W> gpize;J> Kbtpw;F te;J> njhiye;jjhy;. Fr;nrhOq;ifapd; Edp me;jiyapy;
mOfp> fytpg;gjhd tpUj;jj;jpy;> 'Mdhy;> cz;ik mjy;y"!! ,Ue;jJ> ku;kf;fpotdpd; khspif.
ntspNtu; Ejk;gpapUe;j ghupa- 3(M ) I fi l rpaha; ghu;f ;f . mij khspif vd;Wjhd;
'Kd;dhs; tpUl;rj;jpd;" Nfhiw ,f;fzj;jpy; ghu;f;fhjPu;. nrhy;yNtz;Lk;.
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ghu;f;fnthz;zh tifapy; mOfpf; ku;kf;fpotidg;gw;wp Cupy; ahu;f;Fk; vd;gJ cz;ik
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tifapy; ]{g;ngd rpjpyg;gl;bUe;jJ. xU g^(C) Nfhuf Ngahtpapd; mjd; fl;LkhdKk;
kh%w;gb> ku;kf;fpotdhy;jhd; Fiw-,uj;j-jir-,ioa 'Kz;l fpotidg;Nghy; ku;kkhdJk;
,e;j mOfpf;fplf;Fk; Mspd; kuzKk; khaj;jpd;" vOifapy;> ngU ntspapy; Fog;gkhdJk;.
rk;gtpj;jjha; Cu; jd; tof;fg;gb mr;r%l;Lk; tifapy; ciwe;jpUf;Fk;> vg;NghJk;.
tje;jpj;jJ. ,Us; gtdj;jpypUe;J fpsu;e;j xU mij mila nry;y Ntz;ba
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trjpahdJk;. nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. XnuhOq;F ,y;yhjpUe;jJ khspifAk;.
vnjg;gbahapDk;> vy;yh me;j rpd;d Cupd; eLtpy;> khspifapd; gpujhd Kfg;G mike;j>
tifg;gbf;Fk; me;j G+uh CUNk
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mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 30
Fg;ig Nkl;L Kj;j epyj;jpypUe;J

caukha; vOk;gpa fhiw Nkilj;js
Kd; kz;lgj;jpd; cs; gf;fkha;
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R mupfz;lkha; nfhl;Lk; ,ul;il md;wpuT> filf;fhuupd;
kuf;fjTfs; ,Ue;jd.
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me;j epwkpd;ikAk; ku;kj;ij clyq;fisAk; Cu; fpotDf;F tpahghuk; jq;fy; jilaw;W
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gjpndl;L gbfSk; ku;kkakha; mLj;j>- ku;kk; Jg;Gk; Nfhzy;khzy; mOe;j fhT nfhLj;Jtpl;L> jhd; fil
tise;J nrd;wd. %iyapy; jhd; ,Ue;jJ. tpahghuk; nra;J> fhR gz;Ztjpy;
khb vg;NghJk; - vg;NghJNk rpijTz;l Nfhzy; khzy; mu;j;jk; fpilahJ> vd filf;fhuu;
,Ul;lha; ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; mq;F Nkir rpWjl;by; Vw;wg;gl;bUf;Fk;. vz;zpapUf;fyhk;.
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mNjhu; gioa nrq;fy; khspif. 'ku;kKk;" njupahJ. fUthL> G+e;jpup> Nrw;Wg;gd;wpf;nfhOg;G>
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tifapy; Fjk;gyha; nrq;fy; mLf;Ffs; kl;LNk Jyhk;gukhf njupAk;. ,g;gbahdit.!!!
ntspf;F ePl;bf;Fk; fl;Lkhd mikNt> MdhYk;> me;j fz;zhb ghy;> rPdp> gok;> fUg;G Gsp
ku;kf;fpotidg;Nghy ku;kKk; %b tpsf;F 'kz;nzz;nzapy; thq;fpaJ fpilahJ.
gaq;fuKk; nfhz;ljhapUe;jJ. vuptJjhd;"> vd;gJ re;Njfk; tuh xUKiw> vypf;fUthL
me;j ku;k khspiff;F> tiff;F 'ntspr;rkha;" CUf;F Nfl;f> ',y;iy'nad;W nrhy;yp
xUtUf;FNk njupah tifapy; xU njupe;jpUe;jJ. ,uj;jthe;jpr;rhit miof;f
,Uz;l epytiw ,Ue;jJ. mjw;Fk; kpF fhuzKz;L. tpUk;ghj filf;fhuu;> jhNd nghwp
mJ gw;wp> filrpapy; fpotd; thuj;jpy; xUKiw itj;Jg;gpbj;j Rz;nlypfis erpj;Jf;
ghu;f;f. kl;Lk;> ku;k khspifia tpl;L fhag;Nghl;L tpw;wpUe;jhu;.
,g;Ngh> ,f;fzj;jpy; ghu;f;fhjPu;. ntspNawp> tisg;gw;iw kyQ;R+o;> ku;kf;fpotdpd; Kfj;ijg;ghu;j;J
Kd;js Nkilapd; Nfhzy; rpij xOq;ifiaj ;jhz;b> mtu; tpahghuk; nra;tjpy;iy.
khzy; %iyapy; jhd;> ku;kf;fpotd; rpWnjUtpy; Vwp> ]{g;ngd tyg;Gwk; ,jdhy; fpotd; ghu;g;gij vd;WNk
gfy;G+uh rha;e;jpUf;Fk; Cj;ij jpUk;gp ele;J> CupypUe;j xNu mtu; ghu;j;jjpy;iy. gpd;dbf;F>
rha;kidf;fjpiu Nfhzy; khzyha; rpy;yiwf;filapy; rhkhd; thq;Fthd;. Nfhuk; tpisAk; vd;w gaj;jpy;>
Nghlg;gl;bUe;jJ. mJTk;> fil G+l;lg;gl Cuhu; ahUq;$l fpotd; Kfj;ijg;
ku;kj;jpYk; ku;kk; vd;dntdpy;> jahuhFk;> gfy; ,utpy; fiuAk; ghu;j;jJ fpilahJ.
ku;kf;fpotd; Cj;ijf;fjpiuapy; ikk;ky; nghOjpy;jhd;. Ngahtp jpLnkd rpjpy
rha;e;jpUg;gij> vtUNk vd;WNk mJ> gprpu; rhk;gy; ,Uspy;> khspifapy; te;jpwq;fpajhf
fz;ljpy;iy. vdpDk;> mJTk; Cupd; J}uj;J gaq;fuq;fs; nfhOTz;L Cu; my;Nyhyg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
CfkhfNt epiyj;jpUe;jJ. guf;Fk; xU khe;jpuPf gf;Ftj;jpy; ku;kf;fpotdpd; fz;izf; fz;ltu;fs;
gfy; KOJk;> rha;e;jpUg;ghd;> Cu; njhq;Fk; fhyk;. me;Neuk; ,Ue;jjhf fij epiwa;a;a;a ,Ue;jJ..
vd;wJ Cupd; ku;kj;jpd; Ng&fk;. Cutu; vtUk; filf;F tuhu;. Mdhy;> mtu;fs; vtUNk ,g;Ngh
mt;tsNt. njUtpy; ku;kf;fpotdpd; mRkhj;jk; capUld; ,y;iy.
,utpy;> xU 'fz;zhb %b njupifapnyy;yhk; Cuhu; Xbg;Ngha; nfhLq;Nfhuk; Jg;gpa ,il
tpsf;F"> Fg;ig Kj;jj;Jf;F Kd; tPLfspy; GFe;J jho;g;ghs; mtyj;jpy;> mfhykhf nrj;Jj;Nghapdu;.
jpLnkd;W vOk;gpapUe;j Nkilapd; Nghl;Lf;nfhs;tJk; gpd;dbf;F mNefu; FUjp ff;fp nrj;jjhfNt
rpW Nkirapy; nrj;jtPl;L mDq;fyha; tof;fkha;g;Nghapw;W. fij kh%w;gbahd tof;f ghe;jkhf
ku;kj;ij rpkpl;br;rpkpl;b vupAk;. mJTk; gag;ngU ku;kk;. cytpw;W.
mJ> Nfhzy;khzy; %iyf;F ,e;j ,uj;j gaq;fuk; jtpuTk;>-
31 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
Mtyhjp J}f;fpajhy; ku;kf;fpotdpd; my;yhtpby;> ku;kf;fpotd; mij Nghdjha; fij cz;L. mtu;fs;
khspiff;F kjpy; NkNywpj;jhz;br; 'jpd;WkpUf;fyhk;"> vd;W $l Cu; vtUk; ,g;Ngh capUld; ,y;iy.
nrd;w %d;W ,isQu;fSf;F g^(C) Nfhukha; tje;jpj;jJ. mtu;fs; rhjhuzkha; nrj;jhu;fsh>
epfo;e;j Nfhuj;jpd; tL ,d;Dk; Cu; vy;yhk; nrhy;Yk;. FUjp ff;fp> rpjWz;L nrj;jhu;fsh>
Cupd; kz;il cr;rpapy; tpUj;jkhf vd;gJ gw;wp tpguk; fpilahJ.
,Uf;fpwJ. 2:- me;j $iuapy;yh tPl;by;
mJ fPo;Kfkhf %y%L ,wq;fpr; Cupd; g^(C) ku;khq;fj;jpd;> $dyhd fpotpnahUj;jpia mtu;fs;
nrd;wik Rkhu; toikapd;gb ku;kj;jpYk; ku;kkhd ,d;ndhU gy jlit fz;bUf;fpwhu;fshk;.
ele;jpUe;jhYk;> ,d;Dk; G+uzkha;> tp\aKk; mJrhu; ,lnkhd;Wk; mtsJ rpf;fpf; fiye;jpUe;j
kykha; fopf;fg;gltpy;iy. mq;F ];J}ykhf ,Uf;fNt nra;jJ. rpifapypUe;J> ve;NeuKk;
ep[j;jpy; ngUq;Nfhue;jhd; mJ Cupd; Nfhuj;jpd; nrhl;Lr;nrhl;lha; ,uj;jk;
mJ. ikankdg;glf;$ba rhk;gypUl;L Jspj;jjhfTk; nrhy;ypapUe;jhu;fs;.
Nfhuj;jpYk; mr;r%l;Lk; R+o;gutpa Gfhuhd gprpwplkhfNt ifapy; $l;LkhW xd;iw vg;NghJk;
gaq;fuk;. Njhw;wpw;W. itj;jpUg;gtshk;> me;j $dy;
Cupd; 18> 22> 27 taJg ,q;fhw;gf;fj;J Cnuy;iyapd; fpotp.!!!
;igad;fs; %tu; fpotd; rhu;e;j rpf;Fr;rpf;fhd> xspAk; GfhUk;
'rh ku;kj;ij" Jyf;fpNa Mf GFk; FWq;fhl;Lf;F Nenujpuhf> 3(M) :-
Ntz;Lnkd Kd;du; xUfhy; Kf;f mq;fhw;gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ mJ. rpW
ntspf;fpl;lduhk;. FWq;fhLjhd; mJTk;. rpy ehl;fsha; ku;kf;fpotdpd;
mJ Cu;fhzh g^(C) mjd; KbTf;Nfhb vy;iy ku;k khspifapd; fz;zhb %b
Nfhuj;jpy; Kbe;jJ. ku;kf;fpotdJ tPl;L ku;kj;jpw;F tpsf;F vupatpy;iy. mt;tplr;R+oiy
gaq;fuq;fspd; cs; ciw tif nra;Ak; Nfhu tPl;il %b> xU rhk;gy; gprpwy; ,Ul;Gfhu;
R+f;\;]{kNkJk; njupaNt rpf;fhuha; rkhe;jupf;Fk; my;yJ gutpapUe;jpw;W.
njupah Cu; igad;fs; %tUk; Ntisfspy;> mijNa mjPjkha; NkTk; ,g;gbahfg;gl;l fr ,Ul;L
kjpy; gha;e;J> Fg;ig $oq;fis tifj;jhdjha; ,Ue;jJ. Fog;gr; ftpe;j ,unthd;wpy;> jpBnud;W>
,lwpf;fle;J> Kj;jj;J Kd; Nkil Vwp> nrbfs;> ehW Gju;> ghwpaOFk; ghupa fpotdpd; ku;k khspif fPoiw
Nfhzy;khzy; %iy 'rhf;fz;zhb" kuq;fs; nrwpe;J rpy;nyLj;Jf; Fjk;Gk; 'ngUk;ngUk; ]{g;ngd" jpwe;J
tpsf;F tiu Ngha;> fpotdJ fz;iz tifahd Fog;gk; nfhz;ljJ. nfhz;lJ.
NeNu fz;ljhAk; muf;fy; Guf;fyhf mq;nfhU gprpwyhd rhk;gy;- rhk;gy; GfhupUl;L R+oe;j>
Cu; g^(C) Nfhu gjl;lj;Jld; Gfhu;-R+o;-ku;k tPL ,Ug;gjhfNt mjd; FWfpa mbj;jsj;jpypUe;j
myl;bf;nfhz;lJ. Cu; giwe;J nfhz;lJ. rpjpyg;gl;l gj;jhrpapypUe;J xU
mJNt> igad;fspy; ,Utu; mjd; gaq;fuk; gw;wp mwptJ '$dy; fpotp" ntsp te;jhs;.
Cnuy;iyapy; Jz;l Kz;lq;fshf $l ku;kj;jpd; ghw;gl;lJjhd;. mtsJ rpf;fpf;fiye;jpUe;j
,we;J fple;jjw;Fk; fhuznkd mij Nehf;fpr;nry;Yk; rpifapypUe;J Jspj;Jspaha; ,uj;jk;
nrhy;ypw;W. topapYk;> xU>- xsp rw;Wk; tpohj nrhl;bw;W.
miuthrp ghwp tpOe;jpUe;j tifapy; mOFg; gw;iw Guz;bUe;j ifapy; $l;LkhW
me;j FWq;fhl;L ngUkuj;jpd; fPo; Fr;Rg;gw;iw xw;iwf;fhy; top xOq;if itj;jpUe;jhs;.
,uz;L ,isQu;fspd; clyq;fisAk; ,Ue;jJ. FLFLntd;W> Cupd;
Cu; mr;rtr;rj;Jld; neQ;R gpsf;f mjd; Kbtpy;> ghohy; ghwpa vy;iyia mz;bapUe;j> rpf;Fj;jU
fz;bUe;jJ. xU xw;iw khb tPL ,Ue;jJ. FWq;fhl;il Nehf;fp ele;jhs;.
,Ugj;jpuz;L taJg;igad; mjw;F $iu fpilahJ. ghwp ehwpapUe;j tpUl;rj;jpd;
tapW fpopAz;L> epzk; topa> fjTfSk; ,y;iy. Nfhiw Nghe;j mbkuf;Fifapy;>
jiyfPoha;> ghW kuj;jpd; fPo;tpO G+r;Rk; ,y;iy. ePs;ehs;gl;L> Nfhb GO Vwp> mOfp
nfhk;gupy; njhq;ftplg; gl;bUe;jij ,Ug;Gk; ,y;iy.!!!! ehwpapUe;j jd; 'fztdpd;" gpNujj;ij
Cu; gPjpAld; ghu;j;jpUe;jJ. me;j ku;k tPl;bd; ku;kk; J}f;fp Njhspy; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L>
gjpndl;L taJ igad; epiw fpotdpdJ gho; khspifapd; jpUk;gTk; fpotdpd; ku;kkhspiff;F
gPry; gl;L> clYUfp> mOfp> Nfhb vy;yhtif ku;kq;fisAk; frf;fp te;jhs;. Kj;jj;J Kd; Nkil
GONtwpapUe;jhd;. xNu ftsj;jpy; jpd;df;$ba khjpup Vwp> 'fpotid" Nfhzy; khzy;
mtdJ Kfk; rw;NwDk; Nfhukhf ,Uf;fNt nra;jJ. %iy> mOf;F rha;kidf;fjpiuapy;
njupaNtapy;iy. mjd; nfhL gaq;fuj;jpd; fplj;jpdhs;.
,Ugj;NjO taJ ,isQdpd; ntf;if fUjp> Cu; me;jg;gf;fk;
cly; CUf;F vg;NghJNk jiy itj;Jk; gLg;gjpy;iy. gpwF> ,UtUk; Nru;e;J>
fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy. Mdhy;> Kd;dnuy;yhk; vjpu;%iyapypUe;j fz;zhb %b
mJ 'cUfpapUf;fyhk;"; Cu;f;fpotu; rpyu; me;jg;gf;fk; tpsf;if nfhSj;jpdu;.!!!!!
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 32
mJbtd;gJ ,J>
,Jbtd;gJ mJ>
,s';nfh
fpU=;zdpd;
mgj;jk;
,yf;fpak; vd;gJ rKjhaj;jpd; Nju;e;njLg;Gfshf gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLk; Ruz;lyhfTk;> MSk; tu;f;fj;jpdJk;
gpujpgypg;G. gy;NtW epiyapy; gpujpfis Nfs;tpapd;wp Nkilapy; cau; rhjpa Nkl;Lf;Fbapdupd;
rhj;jpag;ghLfs; epfOk; xU fskhf ntspr;rk; Nghl;L gpur;rhuk; Njit> eyd;fs;> ,Ug;G> ePl;rp
ftpijNa mike;Js;sJ. nkhopf;Fk; nra;ag;gLtJ thbf;ifahfg; vd;gtw;iwg; ghJfhg;ghditahfNt
nghUSf;Fk; ,ilapy; mu;j;jj;ij Ngha;tpl;lJ. [duQ;rf ,Ue;J te;Js;sd. me;j
xd;Wf;nfhd;W cUtikf;Fk; vOj;Jf;fisAk; fyhr;rhu Nkl;Lf;Fb cau; tu;f;fj;jpd; Efu;Tf;Fk;
njhlu;ig gpujhd gz;ghf ftpijfspy; eLtu;fSk;> xUrpy xj;J CJk; uridf;Fk; cupaitahfNt mit
fl;likf;fg;gLtJ gpujhdkhdJ. Clfq;fSk; gpur;rhuk; nra;Ak; NghJ gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ciog;ghsu;fs;
gilg;Gfs; xU Nju;e;njLg;Gr; xU Neu;ikahd vOj;jhsdpd; tpjpapd; fhuzkhfNt ciof;fg;
nray;Kiwf;F cs;shfpapUf;fpd;wd. gpujpnahd;W ey;y gilg;ghf ,Ue;Jk; gpwe;jtu;fshfTk; mtu;fs; gLk;
kjpg;Giuaspf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mit rhu;G $l thrfg;gug;gpy; mjd; ,yf;if Jd;gq;fs; Kw;gpwg;gpd; fhuzkhdJ
murpayhf tpku;rdj;Jf;Fs;shfpd;wd. miltjpypUe;J ftdf;fiyg;G vd;Wk; ,f;fiy ,yf;fpaq;fs; Clhf
,tw;wpd; %yk; nfsutk; ngWfpd;wd. nra;ag;gl;L njhiye;J NghfpwJ vLj;jpak;gg;gl;lJ
fhyq;fhykhf ,g;gbj;Nju;e;J jkpo; ,yf;fpar;R+oypy;
vLf;fg;gl;l gilg;Gfs; jhk; cau;thff; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; mj;jifa cau; tu;f;fj;ijAk;
,yf;fpak; vDk; ntspr;rg;gug;gpy; ahTk; ciof;Fk; kf;fspd; vspa Ms;NthiuAk; mtu;fsJ
cyTfpd;wd. tho;f;ifiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; flTsu;fisAk; ikakhf itj;Nj
n[aNkhfd; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fshf ,y;iy. ciof;Fk; jkJ fiy ,yf;fpa Mf;fq;fis
vOj;Jg;Gs;spfs; mtu;fspd; tu;f;fj;jpd; kPJ MSk; jug;G nra;Ak; cUthf;fpdu;
kj ek;gpf;iffSk; %l
rpy;tpah vk;/I/
juprd topghl;L KiwfSk; kf;fs;
kPJ tpyq;Ffshfg; G+l;lg;glit.
,it midj;Jk; fiy ,yf;fpag;
33 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
gz;ghl;L nraw;ghLfs; vd;wthNw

Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ld. khf;]prj;jpd;
Njhw;wj;JlDk; nydpdprj;jpd;
tsu;r;rpapd; ClhfTk; fiy
,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fk; murpaYf;Fk; cs;s
“
,J vd;gJ mJ> mJ
fhzKbfpwJ.
vd;gJ ,J vd nrhy; mJ vd;gJ ,J vd nrhy;

mj;Jld; ,J vd;gJ mJ>
tpisahl;Lf;fisg;Nghy tpisahl;Lf;fisg;Nghy epiwa

,lq;fspy; tul;rpahd kdepiyAld;
epiwa ,lq;fspy;
cwT gw;wpa njspT tpupT ngw;wJ. tul;rpahd kdepiyAld; vOjpAs;shu;. ,tu;fisg; Nghd;Nwhu;
etPd fhyj;jpd; ,yf;fpar; R+oypy; rpdpkh jpiug;gl tha;g;GfSf;fhfTk;
mgj;j ehlfq;fis muq;Nfw;wpf
vOjpAs;shu;. jk;ikf; ftpQuha; ntspg;gLj;Jk;
;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; ,tu;fisg; Nghd;Nwhu; jd;Kidg;GNk rkfhy ngUtpahjpaha;
rfpg;gpw;fhd vy;iyAk; kl;Lg;gLfpwJ. rpdpkh jpiug;gl ,yf;fpa cyfpy; NkNyhq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
,sq;Nfh fpU\;zd; vOjpa tha;g;GfSf;fhfTk; tapWfs; ftpijapy; ,UgjhtJ
'tpaDyF tjpAk; ngUkyu;" vDk; jk;ikf; ftpQuha; tupapy; 'Kjyhspahf;fptd;" vd
E}y; ahtUk; gjpg;gf ntspaPlhf ntspg;gLj;Jk; tUkplj;jpy; tOTk; ,d;Dk;
(nrg;nlk;gu; 2021) te;jJ. jd;Kidg;GNk gpujpapd; rpy ,lq;fspy; Mq;fhq;Nf
nrhy; f l; L khdq; f Sk; rkfhy ngUtpahjpaha; vOj;JtOf;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
mu;j;jkw;w jd;ikapy; fpWf;fy;fsha;
tputpa xU njhFg;gpid. rpwe;j ftpij
E}yha; tpw;gidahFk; gl;baypy;
“
,yf;fpa cyfpy;
NkNyhq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
xU gpujpf;fhd ciog;G xw;Wg;gpio
ghu;j;J Neu;j;jpaha; mikf;Fk; fhyk;.
mjid ruptu nra;a Kbahky; tpoh
vg;gb Kd;epiyapy; tupirg;gLj;j elhj;jp ntspr;rk; NghLtijNa
KbfpwJ vd;gJ kpfTk; tpag;G. me;E} ,tu;fSf;Fs; njspT vDk; epiyg;ghL ,yf;fpa Kd;Djhuzq;fshf ,q;F
y; kPJ gug;gg;gl;l n[aNkhfdpd; ,Ug;gjhfNt njupatpy;iy. type;J fhl;rpg;gLj;JtJ Ngutyk;.
ntspr;rKk;> ngupa gpuk;khz;l cUthf;fg;gl;l njhFg;ghf jhd;
tpohf;fSk; fhnzhspfSk; ,jidg; ghu;f;fKbfpwJ. "grpia vOJJjy;"
r%f Clfqfspy; xU khiaahd Mdhy; grpia ePq;fs; Fiwj;J
Njhw;wg;ghil thrfu;fs; kdjpy; "kdpjd; cUthf;fpa kjq;fspy; kjpg;gpLfpwPu;fs; vd;dplk; xU grp
fl;likj;JtpLfpd;wd. jpzpg;gpd; ntw;wpfukhdJ tapw;wpd; kjk; jhd;" jhd; cs;sJ"
fUj;ij kWf;f Kbahj MNkhjpf;Fk; cyfk; Njhd;wpa fhyj;jpy;
ghq;if cldpUf;Fk; tl;lq;fSk; ,Ue;Nj grpf;fhd Nghuhl;lk; 'kWGwk; ,d;dKk; gy E}W
Nru;j;Nj ghbf;nfhz;lhLfpd;w kdpjDf;fpilapy; ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ Mz;LfSf;fhd czT cs;sJ
mtyk; epfo;fpwJ. vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. mijf; nfhz;L Mapuk; grpfis
E}ypd; grpapd; fij vDk; kjq;fs; ntw;wpia gzpapy; mku;j;JNtd;"
gFjpapy; tapWfs; vDk; jiyg;gpy; mspf;ftpy;iy. khwhf xU
ftpij Muk;gpf;fpwJ. (gf;14) fz;%bj;jdkhd gpd;gw;wiy 'vjpu;j;J tUk; grpfSf;F
tsu;j;JtpLfpd;wd. ,jpy; nuhl;bj;Jz;Lfs; tPRNtd;
"tapWfs; jhq;fs; jdpj;jdpahdit xt;nthUtUf;Fk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fs; thyhl;Lk; grpfSf;F
vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;jJ jhd; khWglyhk;. kjq;fspd; rhu;gpy; vYk;Gj;Jz;Lfs;
fle;j ,UE}w;whz;Lfspd; rhjid" ,Ue;Jk; mwpthu;e;j topapy; gazpf;Fk; grpjhd; ,t;Tyfpd; v[khdd;
vd;W Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ fl;Lilg;G NkNyhq;fpAs;s mijf; fz;Lgpbg;gtidf;
epiyapy; kdpjdpd; jug;gpy; nfhiynra;gtd; ntw;wpahsd;"
rhjid vd;gJ vd;dntd;W cUthf;fg;gl;l ntw;wpahd kjk; vd Muk;gj;jpy; grpiaf; Fiwj;J
tpsq;fpAs;shu;fsh? rhjid grpiaf;Fwpg;gpLfpwhu; ftpQu;. kjpg;gplNtz;lhk; vd $wptpl;L
vd;gJ toikahd xd;wpypUe;J Vio tapW Kjyhsp tapW vd;dplk; xU grpjhd; cs;sJ
GJikaha; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; xU mupa vd Nrhw;wpy; ghFghL fhl;Lk; vd;fpwhu; ftpQu;. Raeyk; kpFe;j ,e;j
epfo;T. gpwe;jjpy; ,Ue;J kdpjd; Vw;wj;jho;T vd;gJ gj;njhd;gjhk; kdepiy nghJg;ghu;itapy; kw;wtiu
jd; cly; ghfq;fis milahsk; E}w;whz;by; jhd; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ GwnkhJf;fp jd;id Kd;epWj;jp
fz;Lzu;e;J tpLfpwhd;. ,J if Nghd;w tupfSk; ftpijapd; ,Wjp mZFk; topKiw kpifahd Kfk;
fhy; jiy tapW vd midj;ijAk;. tupfspy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd. Ropg;igNa mspf;fpwJ. grpiaf;
mt;thwpUf;f jhAk; gps;isAk; nfhiy nra;gtNd ntw;wpahsd;
xd;nwd;whYk; thAk; tapWk; NtW 'gpd;dtid Kd;dtd; ntw;wpnfhz;l vd Kuz;epiyg;ghil Kd;itf;fpwJ
vd nrhy;Yk; Cu;g;gonkhopia fij Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; fij ,f;ftpij (gf;15)
gpujpgz;zpa xU ftpij Nftykhf vdg;gLfpwJ".
,Uf;fpwJ. ,jidNa rpyhfpj;J ,jpy; vd;d GJikia ftpQu; 'rpWtajpy; ey;y grpapy; Ruf;fhj
n[aNkhfd; E}y;ntspaPl;L epfo;tpy; fz;lile;jhu;. type;J jpzpf;Fk; mk;ikapd; Kiyiaf; fbj;Jj;jpd;Nwd;
Fwpg;gpl;l Neuk; Ngrpj;js;Sfpwhu;. fUj;Jr; rpj;jhj;jq;fis ,g;gpujpapy; uhl;r\f; Foe;ij vd;W
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 34
js;sptpl;lhs;" (gf;19) ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ kuk;. Fdpe;J ftpijfisNa Gfo;e;J vOjpAs;s

gj;J khjk; Rke;Jngw;w me;j kuj;ijg; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ mtyk; ftpQupd; Kd;Diuapy;
Foe;ijia mutizg;ghf ghY} thdk;" epfo;e;Js;sJ. mjpYk; Vfg;gl;l
l;b tsu;g;gtNs md;id. mts; cjpu;T ,aw;ifapd; Row;rpapy; vOj;Jg;gpiofs;.
vg;NghJk; Foe;ijapd; grpiaf; xU GJg;gpj;jy; epfo;T. cjpu;tpid ,tu; nghd;dpapd; nry;td;
fbe;J nfhs;s khl;lhs;. khwhf xU Kw;Wg;ngWk; KbT vdTk; glj;jpw;F ghly; vOjp ngUik ngw;wJ
md;igNa Cl;Lths;. jha;ikapd; kuzk; vdTk; mr;rkile;J gw;wp ,tuJ nrhe;jg;gilg;G jhdh
fz;zpaj;ij rpijf;Fk; tpjkhf ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;NlapUf;Fk; kuk; vd re;Njfg;gLk; msTf;F ,tuJ
,t;thwhd tupfs; gLNkhrkhfNt NghyTk; Fdpe;J me;j kuj;jpidg; nrhy;yhl;rp mike;Js;sJ.
Njhd;WfpwJ. ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; thdKk; mJ kl;Lky;y tp\;ZGu
vjidr; nrhy;y tpiofpd;wd. Fk;gypy; ,tUk; rp\;auhf ,Ug;gjhy;
"grp Nghy; Jy;ypakhd xU jj;Jtj;ij kuj;jpd; rPtpaf;fhyk; KOtJk; ,tiu me;j ngupa Gs;sp ghly;tupfs;
nuhl;b Nghy; fUizAs;s xU kuzj;ij vz;zpr; nrj;J nrj;Jg; vOJk; ntspr;rj;jpw;fhd tha;g;ig
jiytid cq;fshy; Vd; cUthf;f gpioj;jiyah Nghjpf;fpwJ? rpghupR nra;Njh ,Uf;fyhk; vd
,aytpy;iy?" (gf;18) vd Nfl;fpwhu; thdk; gug;gpy; vz;z itj;Jtpl;lJ ,g;gpujp.
ftpQu;. nuhl;b Nghy; xU jiytidg; gpuk;khz;lkhdJ. kuk; xg;gPl;by; jp ,e;J ehspjopy; rpwe;j
g;upag;gLifapy; xU ehspy; nfl;L rpwpaJ. thdk; Fdpe;J kuj;ijg; Gj;jfq;fs; 2022 ju tupirapy;
ekj;Jg;Ngha;tpLk;. nuhl;bj;jiytid ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gJ vd;gJ ,e;E}iyAk; gl;bay;gLj;jpapUe;jJ
vWk;Gfs; Jfs;Jfshf J}f;fpr; thdj;ij kpifg;gLj;jp kuj;ij vg;gbnad;W njupatpy;iy.
nrd;WtpLk;. mj;NjhL jiytd; rpWikg;gLj;jp ,iyapd; kuzj;ij cs;slf;fq;fis thrpf;fhJ
type;J cUthf;fg;gLtjpy;iy urpf;fpd;wjh thdk;? my;yJ kuzj;ij ntspg;gilaha; tpsk;gug;gLj;jypy;
vtuhYk;. rkj;Jtkhd vr;rupf;fpd;wjh? mikjpaw;w nghUsw;w kaq;fp thq;fp VkhWk; mtyk;
r%fePjpiaNa jdpegNuhL jdpadha; ahg;gikjpaw;w ftpijfspd; %yk; thrfu;fSf;F Neu;e;Js;sJ.
NghuhLtidNa Nju;e;njLf;fpwJ. ftpQupd; kdepiy nray;Kiwaw;w Nfhtpl; ngUe;njhw;Wf;
'mtu;fs; nry;fpwhu;fs; ntWk; rpiy Nghd;w ciwe;j fhyj;jpy; grp vDk; gFjpapy; tUk;
tapw;wpypUe;J vt;tsT J}uk; kdepiyapd; gpujpgypg;Ng. ,iyfspd; mj;jid ftpijfisAk; xNu ehspy;
jg;g KbANkh mt;tsT J}uk; kPJ thdk; kio kPjpwq;fp tUfpwJ vOjpAs;sjha; mjpNkjF ftpQu;
jg;gpr;nry;gtu;fisg;Nghy" vd te;jpUe;jhy; ftpijapy; capu;g;Gk; Kd;Diuapy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,t;thW
mrhj;jpakhd jg;gpj;jiy nghUsikjpAk; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. mtrukhf Njhd;wpatw;iwnay;yhk;
tapw;wpypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpwhu;. grpiag; gw;wpAk; kuzj;ijg; vOjp ntspapLk; ,J Nghd;w
xl;bapUf;Fk; mbtapW fha;e;Jyu;e;J gw;wpAk; fhjiyg; gw;wpAk; Nghyp Fk;gy;fshy; jhd; ,yf;fpa
cztw;Wg; Nghifapy; vQ;Rk; nrhw;fs; gw;wpAk; rupahd Gupjyw;w cyfpy; ey;y gilg;Gfs; njhiye;J
nfhûk; kuzj;jpNyNa KbtilAk;. gpjw;wy;fsha; ntw;Wf;NfhJfis kiwe;JNghfpd;wd.
kuzj;ij grpf;fhf Grpf;f KbAkh. cila cs;sPLfsw;w ftpijfshAk; ve;jf;fhykhapDk; xU
my;yJ kuzj;jpw;fhf Kg;nghOJk; ,sq;Nfh fpU\;zdpd; ftpijfs; Fwpg;gpl;l fy;tp tpku;rd r%fk;
grpj;jpUf;f KbAkh? jg;gpj;jiy mike;Js;sd. thrpf;ifapy; mt;tsT vij ,yf;fpak; vd;W fUJfpwNjh
tpl NghuhLjNy rpwe;jJ. vq;F rypg;igAk; Nrhu;itAk; mspj;jJ. mJ jhd; ,yf;fpankd fyhrhu
jg;gpj;J XbdhYk; grpapypUe;J mj;Jld; KOikahf thrpf;f Kbahj eLtu;fs; mq;fPfupf;Fk; kdepiy
jg;gpf;f KbAkh? tho;jNy grpf;fhd mgj;jkhd ftpijfshAk; mikjpia NkNyhq;fp ngUk;ghyhd gpujpfspd;
mLj;jNtis cztpd; Nghuhl;lNk Fiyf;Fk; gf;Ftkw;w epiyg;ghLfis jdpj;Jtk; rpije;J Clfq;fspd;
Kjd;ikahdJ. ftpQupd; kdepiy mftakha; thapyhf Ngrg;gLk; gilg;GfisNa
gpujpgypj;Js;sJ. Gj;jfj;jpd; rpy rpwe;j ,yf;fpak; vd fUjg;gLk;
'tapw;wpypUe;J tapW Nehf;fpr;nry;fpwJ gf;fq;fSf;F Nky; fle;J nry;y mgj;jk; gutyhf ,yf;fpantspapy;
,e;jg;gazk;"( gf;19) Kbahj mtykhf cs;sJ. cs;sJ.
jdJ E}ypd; Kd;Diuapy; Nghypahd gilg;Gfs;
tho;tpy; mq;fkhf cs;s xU ,sq;Nfh fpU\;zd; jdJ nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wd. ,jpypUe;J
gFjpia KOtJkha; tapw;Wf;F mgj;jq;fisg; ngUikahf khw;wk; ngWk; rpe;jid ,af;fq;fis
kl;LNk mu;g;gzpj;j ftpQupd; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; NjitAk; mJ rhu;e;J
fz;liljy; kw;WnkhU tapwhf jhd; ,d;Dk; %d;W njhFjpfs; tpopg;gilar;nra;Ak; fUj;Jf;fis
,Ue;Js;sJ. ,jpypUe;J jdf;Fs; msTf;F ftpijfs; jk;kplk; r%fg;gug;gpy; gutyhf nfhz;L
fpsu;j;jptplg;gl;l grpia gw;wpj;jhd; cs;sjhAk; mjid mr;rpw;F Nru;f;Fk; gzpia ,ad;wsTk;
ftiyg;gLfpwhu;. nfhLg;gjw;nfd;W jdf;F kdepiy njhlu;r;rpahf nra;Jnfhz;bUf;f
xd;W Ntz;Lk; vdTk; $Wfpwhu;. gilg;ghsu;fSk; thrfu;fSk;
'cjpu;e;j ,iyapy; jd; kuzj;ijg; Rajk;gl;lk; mbj;J jdJ ijupakhf Kd;tuNtz;Lk;.
35 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
jkpHu;fs;
Rkf;Fk;
khag; bghjp
rjP!; bry;tuh$;
nts;isau;fs; jk; tpRthrpfsplk; thf;fhsu;fisj; jtpu;e;j ehl;bd; mjhtJ> cs;Suhl;rp
,e;ehl;il xg;gilj;J nrd;wJ Vidag; gFjpapy; thof;$ba kd;wq;fs; fhyhtjpahfp xU
Kjw;nfhz;L ,d;WtiuapYk; jkpou;fs; me;epag;gl;Ls;sik tUlk; fle;Js;s epiyapy; ',J
rpWghd;ik kf;fs; gy;NtW Fwpg;gpljf;fJ. ,dp ,d;iwa Nju;jiy elj;Jtjw;fhd fhyk;
,dxLf;FKiwfSf;F Mshfp fsepytuj;Jld; ,tw;iwg; gw;wpAk; my;y." vd;fpwhu;fs;. ',e;j Nju;jy;
tUfpd;wikia %bkiwj;Jtpl Muha;Nthk;! %ykhf Ml;rp khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j
,ayhJ. ,t;thW ,dxLf;FKiw ,yq;ifapd; murpay; KbahJ." vd;W $Tfpd;wdu;.
tiuGfis jPl;Lgtu;fspy; vjpu;fhyj;ij jPu;khdpf;ff;$ba> guhkupg;G nryTf;fhf Kd;dhs;
gpujhdkhdtu;fs; ngUe;Njrpa jPu;Tfl;lkhd Nju;jyhf [dhjpgjpfSf;Fk; uzrpq;f
murpay; jiytu;fs; vd;gJk; mikag;Nghfpd;w cs;Suhl;rp kd;wj; gpNukjhrtpd; kidtpf;Fk; gpy;ypad;
mk;gyg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Nju;jiy elhj;Jtjw;fhd jpfjpia fzf;fhd gzj;jpid xJf;fpAs;s
,e;j ,dxLf;FKiw Nju;jy;fs; Mizf;FO mwptpj;jijj; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l
jpiuiaf; fpopj;njwpifapy;> mq;F njhlu;e;J ,yq;ifapd; murpaw; fsk; [dhjpgjp uzpy; tpf;ukrpq;f 'Nju;jiy
Mjpf;f Fk;gypd; mjpfhu ,Ug;Gk; vl;Lj;jpf;fpYk; R+Lgpbj;Js;sijAk; elj;Jtjw;F gzk; ,y;iy."
ghJfhg;Gk; kiwe;J fplg;gij fle;J> ru;tNjrj;ijAk; $l vd;fpwhu;. Nju;jiy epWj;JkhW
mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. ,jid NkYk; cYf;fpAs;sJ. fjwpf; nfhz;L ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F
tYg;gLj;Jk; JUg;Gr; rPl;lhf uzpy; uh[gf;]hf;fis ehl;L XLfpwhu;fs;. ,t;thwhd gy
,Jtiu fhyKk; rpq;fs kf;fs; kf;fs; Gwf;fzpj;Js;sijaLj;J> jpy;YKy;Y Ntiyfis mtu;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sikia mr;r%fNk 'toikg;NghyNt ,e;ehl;L kf;fs; nra;Jnfhz;bUg;gij mtjhdpf;f
,d;W czu Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. me;j jkJ Kfhikr; Nru;e;j vjpuzp KbfpwJ.
njsptiljypd; xU gpujpgydhf gf;fk; NrUthu;fs;!" vd;W mtu;fs; Mdhy;> Nju;jiy epWj;jp
13 gw;wpa fijahlypd; gpd;G Nghl;bUe;j fzf;F jg;ghfp> ,k;Kiw [dehafj;ijg; Gijf;fpd;w
cUntLj;jpUe;j ngUk; gpusak; kf;fs; (Fwpg;ghf rpq;fstu;fs;) murhq;fj;jpd; Nfhioj;jdkhd
Kwpabf;fg;gl;lijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mEu Fkhu jprhehaf;ftpd; Kaw;rpia Njhw;fbg;gjw;fhd
MdhYk;> kf;fspd; ,uj;jj;ij jiyikapyhd Njrpa kf;fs; Nghuhl;lk; ehLKOtJk;
R+Nlw;Wtjpy; ,Ue;J mjpfhu tu;f;fk; rf;jpAld; mzpjpus;tjhy; mr;rj;jpd; tYg;ngw;W tUfpwJ. ,e;epiyapNyNa
gpd;thq;fptpltpy;iy vd;gJ cr;rpapy; epd;W Mbg;NghapUf;fpwhu;fs;. xd;Wgl;Ls;s ,yq;if kf;fis
ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. mj;Jld;> mr;rjpfis Nju;jypy; jhk; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl gpsTg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd R+o;r;rpfs;
Kwpabj;J ,yq;ifauhf ehl;L Nghtij mwpe;Jnfhz;Ls;shu;fs;. Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
kf;fs; mzpj;jpus Ntz;Lnkd;gJ mjdhy; uzpy;> uh[gf;]hf;fis mjd; Kjw;fl;l fha;efu;j;jNy
fl;lhakhdJ. mijg;Nghy;> aho;. cs;spl;ltu;fs; vg;gbahtJ Nju;jiy 13 MtJ jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ij jUtjhf
ikathjj;Jf;Fs; ,Ue;J vOe;JtUk; gpw;NghLtjw;F fq;fzq;fl;bf;nfhz;L uzpy; tpf;ukrpq;f njuptpj;jik
jkpou; cupikfs; vd;w Nfhrj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mjw;F gy rhf;Fg;Nghf;F MFk;.
,Ue;J tlf;F> fpof;F jkpo; fijfisAk; Kd;itf;fpwhu;fs;. mr;re;ju;g;gj;jpNyNa 2023
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 36
ngg;utup 04 gUj;jpj;Jiwapy;
,Ue;J Nguzpahf Gwg;gl;Lte;j
jkpo;j;Njrpa murpay;thjpfs; 2023
ngg;.07 kl;lf;fsg;Gf;F te;jNghJ
tl ,e;jpau;fisg; Nghy Fy;yh
fhuzk; vd;d? cs;Suhl;rp kd;wj;
,y;iy vd;W $Wk; murhq;fk;

khfhz rigj; Nju;jiy vg;gb
elj;Jk;? Fl;bj;
“
Nju;jiyNa elj;Jtjw;F gzk; ngg;utup 04 gUj;jpj;Jiwapy;
,Ue;J Nguzpahf
Gwg;gl;Lte;j jkpo;j;Njrpa
Nju;jypy; murpay;thjpfs; 2023 ngg;.07
mzpe;Jnfhz;ldu;. uh[gf;] gLNjhy; t paile; J tpLNthNkh kl;lf;fsg;Gf;F te;jNghJ
f;fs; Ml;rpaikg;gjw;F gf;fgykhf vd;W gae;J njhil eLq;fp epw;Fk; tl ,e;jpau;fisg; Nghy
epd;w Njuu;fs; gyu; 2023 ngg;. uzpy; uh[gf;]hf;fs; khfhz rigj; Fy;yh mzpe;Jnfhz;ldu;.
08 Mk; jpfjp ghuhSkd;wpw;F Nju;jiy elj;Jthu;fs; vd;gjw;F
mUfpy; jpuz;L 13f;F vjpu;g;G vd;d cj;juthjk;? Mf> kf;fis
njuptpj;J> 'ehL gpsTg;gLtij Vkhw;Wtjw;fhd nghwpNa ,e;j uh[gf;]f;fs;
jLf;fNtz;Lk;." vd;w Nfhrj;ij 13 MFk;. ,tu;fshy; xUNghJk; Ml;rpaikg;gjw;F
Kd;itj;J> jkpou;fSf;F vjpuhd rpWghd;ik kf;fspd; cupikfisg; gf; f gykhf epd;w Njuu;fs;
,dthjj;ijf; ff;fpdu;. fpof;fpYk; ghJfhf;fTk; KbahJ. ehl;il gyu; 2023 ngg;. 08 Mk;
K];ypk;fs; rpyuhy; jkpou;fSf;F cUg;gbahf;fTk; KbahJ. ,tu;fshy; jpfjp ghuhSkd;wpw;F
vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fs; tpijf;fg;gl;ld. kf;fis gpsTg;gLj;j kl;LNk mUfpy; jpuz;L 13f;F
VNjh jpl;lj;jpw;Nfw;gNt KbAk;. vjpu;g;G njuptpj;J>
,t;tidj;Jk; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; mijg;Nghy;> tlf;F> fpof;fpy; 'ehL gpsTg;gLtij
muq;Nfw;wg;gl;bUe;jd. Mdhy;> kf;fs; cs;Suhl;rp kd;wj; Nju;jYf;Nf ahu; jLf;fNtz;Lk;." vd;w
mjw;F Vkhwtpy;iy. me;jg; nghwpapy; mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wthu; vd;W Nfhrj;ij Kd;itj;J>
mfg;gltpy;iy. Vndd;why;> Njhy;tp ,e;jstpw;F fLk; Nghl;b? tlf;fpy; jkpou;fSf;F vjpuhd
fz;Ls;s Ml;rpahsu;fs; ,Wjpahf Nju;jy; Nkhjy;fs; rhjpa Nkhjy;fshf ,dthjj;ijf; ff;fpdu;.
,e;j ,lj;jpw;F te;J Nru;thu;fs; cUntLj;Js;sikiaAk; r%ftiyj;
vd;w mbg;gil mwpT kf;fSf;F jsq;fspy; fhzKbfpwJ. md;W xw;iw
XusT ,Ue;jJ. jkpoPoj;ij Kd;itj;J Vfg;gl;l fpof;fpYk; K];ypk;fs;
1987 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,af;fq;fs; cUthfp jq;fSf;Fs; rpyuhy; jkpou;fSf;F
13 MtJ jpUj;jr; rl;lk; gw;wp Nkhjpf;nfhz;lJ Nghy ,d;W jkpou; vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fs;
fijf;fg;gLfpwJ. ey;yhl;rp cupikfs; vd;w tplaj;ij Kd;itj;J tpijf;fg;gl;ld.
murhq;fj;jpd; NghJk; ,Jgw;wp gy murpaw; fl;rpfs; FLkpg;gpb
fijf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> ,d;Wtiuapy; rz;ilapy; ky;Yf;fl;Lfpd;wd. VNjh jpl;lj;jpw;Nfw;gNt
vJTk; epiwNtw;wg;gltpy;iy. jkpou;fspd; cupikfis ntd;nwLf;f ,t;tidj;Jk;
jtpu> 13 vd;gJ khfhz rigAld;
njhlu;Ggl;lJ. mjid cs;Suhl;rp
kd;wj; Nju;jy; Neuj;jpy; fijf;f
vj;jid jkpo;j;Njrpaf; fl;rpfs;?
vj;jid rpd;dq;fs;? mg;gbnad;why;
khfhzrig mjpfhuj;jpd; epiyik?
“
Fwpg;gpl;l fhyg;gFjpapy;
muq;Nfw;wg;gl;bUe;jd.
Mf> 13 vd;gJ kf;fis Vkhw;Wtjw;F
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w xU Af;jp
khj;jpuNk! jkpou;fspd; gpur;rpidia
itj;J murpay; elj;Jgtu;fsplk;
jPu;T vg;gb fpilf;Fk;?
13 vd;w tptfhuj;ij
ifapy; vLj;J ,dNkhjiy
Vw;gLj;j Kbahky; MSk; $l;lk;
Njhw;Wg;Nghdij njhlu;e;J>
mLj;j tpA+fj;jpy; efu;e;jJ. Mk;!
mt;thW kf;fisg; gpsTg;gLj;j
Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l mLj;jf;fl;l
eltbf;ifjhd; Gyp vOr;rp my;yJ
gpughfudpd; kWgpwg;G.
,JTk; Gjpatplaky;y! Nju;jy;
fhyq;fspy; te;JNghfpd;w gioa
fijjhd;. ,e;jf; fij ,k;Kiw
,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J go.neLkhwdhy;
njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. go. neLkhwd;> fhrp
37 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
Mde;jd;> rPkhd; Nghd;Nwhu; <oj;Jg;

gpur;rpidia tpw;W jkpo; ehl;by;
gpiog;G elj;Jk; jpUl;Lf;Nfh\;bfs;
vd;W gyUf;Fk; njupAk;. kjthj
gh.[.f. mz;zhkiyia tutioj;J
Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidTehis
mD];bj;jtu;fSk; ,f;Nfh\;bjhd;.
mg;Ngu;gl;l go.neLkhwd; 'gpughfud;
capUld; ,Uf;fpwhu;. tUthu;." vd;W
epUgu;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; thrpj;Jf;
fhl;baJ gugug;ghfpaJ.
,JFwpj;J tp.rp.f. jiytu;
njhy;.jpUkhtstd; ',e;jpa
csTj;Jiwapd; mr;RWj;jypd; kf;fisg; gpsTg;gLj;jp Nfl;ftpy;iy vd;Wk; go.neLkhwd;
fhuzj;jpdhNyNa go.neLkhwd; jkf;Nfw;w jiytu;fis Ml;rpapy; Clf re;jpg;gpy; njuptpj;jpUe;jhu;.
mt;thW njuptpj;jhu;." vd;whu;. ,Uj;jpf;nfhs;s gh.[.f. Kaw;rp ,jd; cs;Fj;J vd;d?
,f;fUj;ij NkNyhl;lkhf mZfptpl nra;tJ njspthfNt njupfpwJ. rPdhTf;F vjpuhf tlf;F> fpof;F
,ayhJ. 'jkpo;j; Njrpak; Ngrpa mjhtJ jiyahl;b nghk;ikfis jkpou;fis jpUg;gptpLtjhFk;. ,e;J
go.neLkhwd; mtu;fs; $l ,d;W itj;Jf; nfhs;sg; ghu;f;fpwJ. rKj;jpu Mjpf;fk; rPdhtpd; iff;F
gh.[.f.it Mjupj;J> Nkhbiag; ,e;epiyapNyNa fLk; nrd;Wtplf;$lhJ vd;w mr;rk;
ghuhl;b NgRk; msTf;F epiyik ,dthjpahd mk;gpl;ba Rkduj;d MFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; MSk; jug;gpd;
khwptpl;lJ." vDk; mtuJ fUj;jpy; gy Njuiu ,yf;Fitj;J mk;ghiwapy; fl;lisf;F ,zq;fNt ,yq;ifj;
tplaq;fs; mlq;fpAs;sJ. ,jd;%yk; Jg;ghf;fpr; R+Lk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhf jkpo;j;Njrpa murpay;thjpfs; rPdhTf;F
jkpo;j;Njrpathjpfs; jQ;rkile;Js;s $wg;gLfpwJ. (,tu; 13f;F vjpu;g;G vjpuhf $Tfpwhu;fNsh vd;w Nfs;tp
,lk; mg;gl;lkhfj; njupfpwJ. njuptpj;J Njuu;fshy; nfhOk;gpy; vOfpwJ. mjhdpapd; kd;dhu;
Mf> Gyp vOr;rpapy; gh.[.f.tpd; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l vjpu;g;gpy; fhw;whiy kpd;jpl;lk; njhlu;gpy;
nry;thf;F ve;jstpw;F ,Uf;fpwJ Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;jtu; vd;gJk; ,tu;fs; %r;Rtplhky; ,Ug;gJ
vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. Fwpg;gpljf;fJ.) mjidj; njhlu;e;J NkYk; re;Njfj;ij cWjpnra;tjhf
'gpughfud; capNuhL ,Uf;fpwhu;. jdf;F nghyp]; ghJfhg;G ,Uf;fpwJ.
uh[gf;]hf;fs; gytPdkile;Js;s Ntz;Lnkd;W mtu; Nfhupf;if ,t;tplj;jpy; xUtplaj;ij
,e;epiyapy; ntspapy; tUthu;." vd;W tpLj;jpUe;jhu;. Rl;bf;fhl;l tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;>
go.neLkhwd; thrpj;Jf; fhl;baijj; ,t;thwhd tplaq;fs; 'rpq;fs rPdhthf ,Ue;jhYk; rup! ,e;jpahthf
njhlu;e;J> jdJ ,y;yj;jpd; Clf ngsj;j kf;fis cRg;gptpLk; ,Ue;jhYk; rup! vkJ ehl;Lf;Fs;
re;jpg;gpid Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;j k`pe;j Ntiy" vd;W Gupahky; ,y;iy. go. mj;JkPwp mjpfhuk; nra;aKbahJ.
uh[gf;] ',Jty;y ehd; ntspapy; neLkhwd; ntspapl;Ls;s fUj;jpd; mjpy; vkJ ghu;it fwhuhdJ.
tUtjw;fhd fhyk;. ehd; fl;lhak; gpd;dzpapy; ,it muq;NfWfpwJ. go.neLkhwd; tlf;F-
tUNtd;. ehd; tUk;NghJ NtWkhjpup ,e;jpahTf;F vjpuhd ehLfs; fpof;F jkpou;fs; ,e;jpahTf;F
,Uf;Fk;." vd;W njuptpj;Js;shu;. vijAk; jq;fs; kz;zpy; fhY} Jizepw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;fpwhu;.
Mf> 'Gyp vOr;rpapd; d;w gpughfud; tpl;ljpy;iy vd;Wk;> ,e;jpahTf;F vd;why;? ,e;jpahtpd;
“
gpd;dzpapy; jkpo;j;Njrpak; ve;epiyikapYk; me;ehLfsplk; cjtp Jd;gg;gLfpd;w tptrhapfSf;fh?
kw;Wk; gh.[.f. Fk;gy; ahiu
gyg;gLj;jg;ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;? uh[gf;]
hf;fisah? ,yq;ifapy; ,dNkhjiy
cUthf;fth jpl;lkpLfpwhu;fs;?" 'gpughfud; capNuhL ,Uf;fpwhu;. uh[gf;]hf;fs;
vd;w epahakhd Nfs;tp vOfpwJ. gytPdkile;Js;s ,e;epiyapy; ntspapy; tUthu;."
gh.[.f. mz;zhkiy> gh.[.f. vd;W go.neLkhwd; thrpj;Jf; fhl;baijj;
vy;.KUfd; MfpNahu; ,yq;ifj; njhlu;e;J> jdJ ,y;yj;jpd; Clf re;jpg;gpid
jkpo;j;Njrpa murpay;thjpfis
Njbr; nry;tjw;Fk;> gh.[.f. Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;j k`pe;j uh[gf;] ',Jty;y
Rg;gpukzpak; Rthkp 'uh[gf;] ehd; ntspapy; tUtjw;fhd fhyk;. ehd; fl;lhak;
f;fSf;F vJTnkd;why; ,e;jpa tUNtd;. ehd; tUk;NghJ NtWkhjpup ,Uf;Fk;."
“
,uhZtj;ij ,wf;FNthk;." vd;W vd;W njuptpj;Js;shu;.
vr;rupf;if tpLtjw;Fk; ,ilapy;
njhlu;gpy;yhky; ,Ue;JtpLkh?
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 38
rhjhuz njhopyhsu;fSf;fhfth?
jpl;lkpl;L xLf;fg;gLfpd;w
r%fj;Jf;fhth? ahUf;fhf?
gh.[.f.Tf;Fk; mjhdpf;Fk;
Jizepw;FkhNw mtu; Ntz;LNfhs;
tpLf;fpwhu;.
"rPdhtpd; R+upa rf;jp %yk;
kpd; toq;fs; jpl;lj;jpw;F vjpu;g;G
fhl;b> kd;dhu; fhw;whiy kpd;
cw;gj;jp jpl;lj;ij Vw;W mjid
mjhdpf;F toq;fp itf;f tlf;F-
fpof;Fj; jkpou;fNs Jiz epy;Yq;fs;."
vd;W go.neLkhwd; kbg;gpr;irf;
Nfl;gJ NghyNt vdf;F Nfl;fpwJ.
cyf Kjw;ju gzf;fhud;
vd;w me;j];j;ijf; fhl;b gpd;du;
ruruntd;W fPNo ,Oj;Jj; js;spa
mnkupf;f mjpfhu tu;f;fj;jpd;
fl;Lg;ghl;bd;fPo; mjhdp rPdhTf;F
vjpuhf MLtjhfTk; vdf;F gy kzpNeu kpd;ntl;L mKypy; ehlfj;jpw;F tlf;F-fpof;Fj; jkpou;fs;
Xu; re;Njfk;? ,e;Njh gRgpf; ,Ue;jJ. jw;NghJ 66 rjtPjj;jhy; kaq;fplhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ
tptfhuq;fSf;fhd mnkupf;fhtpd; kpd;fl;lzk; mjpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> Nghy> jkpo;j;Njrpa murpay;thjpfshy;
Kjd;ik Jizg; ghJfhg;Gr; 90 myFfSf;F Fiwthf Xuq;fl;lg;gl;Ls;s kiyaf kf;fs;
nrayhsu; n[bbah gp Nuhay; kpd;rhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; typa nrd;W mtu;fs; tpupj;Js;s
jiyikapyhd FOtpdu; 16 Mk; jpfjp rhjhuz kpd;ghtizahsu;fs; tiyapy; khl;Lg;glTk; Ntz;lhk;.
,yq;if te;Js;sdu;. fl;Lehaf;f- nrYj;j Ntz;ba kpd;fl;lzk; fhyq;fhykhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLk;
nfhOk;G neLQ;rhiy tPjpia %b 250 rjtPj;jhy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. ,dxLf;FKiwfspy; ngupJk;
mtu;fis mioj;J te;jpUe;jik ,t;tplaq;fs; vy;yhk; xd;NwhL ghjpf;fg;gLtJ kiyaf r%fkhfNt
Fwpg;gpljf;fJ. xd;whf gpd;dg;gl;ls;sJ NghyNt ,Uf;fpwJ.
mnkupf;fhtpd; thrpq;lid ,Uf;fpwJ. 83 fWg;G [{iyapyhfl;Lk;
jskhff; nfhz;l ru;tNjr ehza vJvt;thwhapDk;> ,yq;ifapd; td;dp Aj;jj;jpyhfl;Lk; nrj;J
epjpaj;jpd; jiyaPl;bd; gpd; tptfhuj;Jf;Fs; ve;jnthU kbe;jtu;fs; gyUk; kiyaf kf;fNs!
,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuk; NkYk; ehl;Lf;Fk; mj;JkPwp jiyapl ,dpAk; Vkhw;W murpaYf;Fk;
,Wf;fk; fz;Ls;sJ. kpd;fl;lzk; KbahJ. mijg;NghyNt kf;fis jpl;lq;fSf;Fk; ,yq;ifapd;
“
mjpfupf;fg;gLk; tiuapy; njhlu;e;J gpsTg;gLj;jTk; ,lkspf;f KbahJ. rhjhuz kf;fs; gypahfpl Ntz;lhk;.
jw;NghJ ehl;by; Vw;gl;Ls;s mjw;fhf gpuptpidthjj;ij NtuWj;J
nghUshjhu neUf;fbapy; rha;g;Nghk;. xd;Wgl;L vONthk;.
Ngjkpd;wp vy;yh rhjhuz Njrpa xw;Wikiaf;
'Nju;jy; tul;Lk;. kf;fSk; rpf;fp rpd;dhgpd;dkhfpf; fl;bnaOg;GtjD}lhf kf;fSf;fhd
ehq;fs; ,jw;nfy;yhk; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. Ml;rpajpfhuj;ij epWTNthk;. ehl;il
gjpy; nrhy;fpNwhk;." 'Nju;jy; tul;Lk;. ehq;fs; cUg;gbahf;FNthk;.
vd;Nw uh[gf;]hf;fis ,jw;nfy;yhk; gjpy; nrhy;fpNwhk;."
vd;Nw uh[gf;]hf;fis tpul;babj;jJ
tpul;babj;jJ Nghd;w Nghd;w ngUk; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
ngUk; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; ,wq;fhJ mtu;fs; mikjpfhf;fpd;wdu;.
,wq;fhJ mtu;fs; Mdhy;> kf;fsJ cupikfs;
mikjpfhf;fpd;wdu;. kWf;fg;gLfpd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
Mdhy;> kf;fsJ cupikfs; vy;NyhUk; xd;Wgl;L fpsu;e;njOtij
ahuhYk; jLf;ftpayhJ.
kWf;fg;gLfpd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mt;tplj;jpw;F kf;fs;
vy;NyhUk; xd;Wgl;L xd;Wgl;L nry;tjw;F Kd;ghf
“
fpsu;e;njOtij ahuhYk;
jLf;ftpayhJ.
,dNkhjiy cUthf;f Ml;rpahsu;fs;
Kaw;rpf;fpwhu;fs;. me;j ml;ltizg;gb
muq;NfWk; aho;. ikathjpfspd; fgl
39 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
bghl;il
(Mtzq;fs; mbf;fb ,uz;L fpotpfs; FKjpdpiaf; jiyiag; Nghl;lh mtisf;
Njlg;gLtjpy;iy. mz;ikapy; nfLj;jtidg; gL J}\zj;jhy; nfLj;j Nghf;fpupia ehisf;Nf
ehd; elj;jpa Njlypd;NghJ xU jpl;L jpl;nld;W jpl;bdhu;fs;. fz;L gpbr;rplyhk;."
fij fpilj;jJ. Mk;> ,J gy rz;Kfypq;fKk; mtSf;F 'mtidr; Rl;L je;jpg;
Mz;LfSf;F Kd; vOjg;gl;l Xu; MWjy; nrhy;yf; nrd;whd;. Nghrpiy J}f;fNtZk;.!"
fij. Mk;> vkJ Nghu; murpaypd; 'jq;fr;rp mohijak;kh. Mis 'ctq;fnsy;yhk; Xu;
Xu; tpku;rdg; gpujpahfTk; ,jid vg;gpbAk; gpbr;R> fl;b itr;R ey;y Njg;gDf;Fg; gpwe;jpUf;f khl;lhq;fs;."
vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;gJ vd; rTf;fb FLg;gk;." fpotp xUj;jp> epyj;J kz;izf;
epidg;G. Fl;bf;fijfis vOJk; 'mz;iz> ,dp ehd; ve;j fps;sp mjd; kPJ Jg;gptpl;L 'ce;j
ehd; rpy rpWfijfisAk; n[ae;jPrd; Kfj;Njhil thOwJ?" mtDila NtirNkhd; GOj;Jr; rhfNtZk;"
ngaupy; Kjypy; vOjpNdd;) fhy;fisg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L mts; vd;W rhgk; nra;J thdj;ij Nehf;fp
fjwpdhs;. vwpe;jhs;.
FKjpdp ghypay; ty;YwTf;F 'jq;fr;rp> mtd;iu Nrg; rz;Kfypq;fj;jpw;F mg;NghJ
cs;shf;fg;gl;lhs;. mJ Xu; vg;gpb ,Ue;jJ?" Xu; ngupa jpUg;jp te;jJ. Mk;> mJ Xu;
uhj;jpupapy;. gliy fl;bf; fple;jjhk;. 'mz;iz> mtd; Nga;j; jpUg;jp. jd; jiy jg;gptpl;lJ
Ntypahy; gha;e;j milahsKk; Kf%bNahiljhd; te;jtd;. vd;W ek;gpdhd;. KUNfRf; fpotdpd;
,y;iy. 'nghbas;" G+e;J Nghfpd;w mtd; Mnuz;Lk; vg;gbnaz;Lk; MNyhrid mtid Kj;jkpl;lJ.
nghl;Lf;Fshy;jhd; mtd; cs;Ns vd;dhy nrhy;y Kbahk ,Uf;F. ghf;fpaj;jpd; filf; Fl;biaAk;
Eioe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w fij INah mz;iz. vd;iu tho;f;if ,e;j ghzpapy; Ritf;fyhk; vd;w
gyuJ ehf;FfspypUe;Jk; te;jJ. ,g;gpbr; rPuopQ;R Nghapl;bJ" tpUg;G mtDf;Fs; vupe;jJ. mtdJ
mtSf;F MWjy; $w 'ce;j ehrkhg;Nghdtd; kdjpd; Njhzpf;Fs; gy Kf%bfs;
epiwag;Ngu; te;jpUe;jdu;. Mk;> CUf;if cs;stdhj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. te;J tpOe;jd.
rz;Kfypq;fKk;jhd;. Kf%b mzpe;J> ,y;yhl;b Kf%b ,y;yhik 'mtd; te;jpl;lhd;."
mtsJ thiaj; jhtzpr; Nriyahy; te;jpUf;fkhl;lhd;. vg;gbahtJ fdNf];tupapd; Kd; [Pg;
%b> mtisf; nfLj;jtd;jhd; mtd; mtidg; gpbr;rplyhk;." njupe;jJ. mJ ,af;f [Pg;. mJ
vd;gJ vtUf;FNk njupahJ. FKjpdp mOifapD}L gliyapd; Kd;. ,uhZt tPudpd;
FKjpdp mOjhs;. fz;zPu; mtid epkpe;J ghu;j;jhs;. cilapy;> kpLf;Fld;> AK47 jdJ
Nrhfj;ij mopj;JtpLkh? tpf;fp 'kypQ;rhr; re;ijf;F Njhisj; jOt 'mk;kh" vd;W ,dpa
tpf;fp mOjhs;. 'mohij gps;is> tUk;. vd;dhiy xUkhjpup Fuy; vOg;gp mts; Kd; te;jhd; Fkhu;.
mohij. vq;fil KUfd; cd;idf; Cf;Ftpf;fKbAJ. xz;Lf;Fk; eP 'rPdp Iah" vdr; nrhy;yp kpfTk;
iftplkhl;lhd;. vJf;Fk; Nahrpahij. ehd; ntz;L jhwd;." kupahijAld; rz;Kfypq;fj;jpd;
nghd;dk;gyj;jpl;il Ngha; ik KUNfRf; fpotd; mtdJ Kd; mtd; jupj;jhd;. Mk;> mtdJ
Nghl;Lg; ghj;jpl;lh mtidf; nrtpapd; mUfpy; neUq;fpr; nrhd;dhd;: clnyq;Fk; tPuf;fis gspr;rpl;lJ.
ifAk; nka;Akhg; gpbr;rplyhk;." 'jk;gp rz;Kfypq;fk;> ck;kl 'rhg;gpnlz;lh> eP tUtha;
vd Kjpatu; xUtu; mtsplk; mz;zd;u kfndy;Ny vq;fil vz;L njupQ;R Nfhopf;fwp rikr;R
nrhd;dhu;. gFjpf;F nyg;bdd;l;. eP kl;Lk; itr;rpUf;fpwd;."
'mk;kh> vdf;fhfr;
rikf;fNtz;lhnkz;L cdf;F
b$ae;jP!d; Fl;of;fijfs; vj;jpid ehs;r; nrhd;ddhd;?"
'cd;iu mk;kh rikf;fpwJk;>
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 40
fhk;Gf;if rikf;fpwJk; xz;Nlalh?.

Nghuhl ntspf;fpl;bwpas;. tbthr;
rhg;gplNtZk;. mg;gjhd; jkpoPok;
nfjpahf; fpilf;Fk;." vd;whd;
rz;Kfypq;fd;.
NghyTk; ,Uf;Fk;. mNjhil
cq;fil ,af;fj;Jf;F murpay;
yhgKk; ,Uf;F"
'murpay; yhgkh?" midj;Jg;
“
'mz;iz> CUf;if
ePq;fs; ey;yhj;
njupQ;rtu;. cq;fSf;Fr;
ngbad;fspd; tha;fSk; jpwgl;ld.
'mk;khTf;F tpru;." vd;w Fkhu; 'ePq;fs; ,af;fg; ngbad;fs;. rhil khilahfNtZk;
'rPdp Iah> [Pg;Gf;if ,Uf;fpwit ,g;g cq;fl ,af;fj;Jf;F vq;fil Mu; ,ijr;
,q;if te;Njhz;iz mitf;F
Kd;Df;F Nla;> GNla; Nghl;L
gFjpapiyjhd; ey;y nry;thf;F. nra;jpUg;gpdk; vz;lJ
fw;gopr;rtidg; gpbr;R jz;lid
vd;Ndhil fijf;fhijAq;Nfh. FLj;jpas; vz;lh> Nahrpr;Rg;
njupatUk;. Misf;
ehd; ,g;g nyg;bdd;l; vd;wNghJ ghUq;Nfh. cq;fil ,af;fk; rptpy; fhl;bj; je;jh tbthd
rPdp IahTf;F eLf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. epu;thfj;ijAnky;Ny elj;Jk;. Nge;J tl;lg; nghl;nlhz;L
[Pg;gpNy te;j Vida
NghuhspfisAk; rhg;gpl miof;ff;
Mf;fs; cq;fspl;ilj;jhd; vJf;Fk; tr;RtpLtk;." vd;whd;
tUtpdk;." uhR. mtid ak uhR
Fkhu; nrd;wNghJ> rz;Kfypq;fk;
mtDf;Fg; gpd;Nd nrd;W 'jk;gp
cd;Ndhil Kf;fpakhd tp\
ankhz;L fijf;fNtZk;.
NtZk;."
'mz;iz> mJ tpsq;FJ.
Mdh mtidf; fz;Lgpbf;fnty;yNth “
vd;Wk; ,af;fj;Js;
miog;gJz;L.
'mz;iz> CUf;if ePq;fs;
nfhk;khTf;F Kd;dhiy ey;yhj; njupQ;rtu;. cq;fSf;Fr;
fijf;fKbahJ. eP NghNff;f ehDk; tplkhl;lh."
rhil khilahfNtZk; Mu; ,ijr; 'ePq;fs; xz;Lf;Fk;
cd;Ndhil thwd;." vd mtd; nra;jpUg;gpdk; vz;lJ njupatUk;.
fhJf;Fs; ,ufrpakhfr; nrhd;dhu;. NahrpahijAq;Nfh. CUf;Fs;s
Misf; fhl;bj; je;jh tbthd vy;yh Mk;gpisaisAk; tupirapy
'Xk;> Xk;. fhk;Gf;if Ngha; tl;lg; nghl;nlhz;L tr;RtpLtk;."
tbthf; fijg;gk;." nfhz;Lte;J epg;ghl;bl;L cq;fSf;F
vd;whd; uhR. mtid ak uhR jiyia Ml;lr; nrhy;tk;"
mtu;fs; fhf;fp cilfSld;. vd;Wk; ,af;fj;Js; miog;gJz;L.
Mdhy; Xu; rpukKk; ,y;yhky; rg;ghzp 'ey;y Nahrpidjhd;. mg;g
tptfhuk; R+L gpbf;fj; ehd; ,wq;fpwd;. epg;ghl;Lq;Nfh."
fl;bapUe;J rhg;gplj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. njhlq;fpaJ.
nghbas; mtjpahfr; rhg;gpl;lNghJk;> 'fhk;Gf;F thUq;Nfh."
'jk;gpkhu;> ,e;jg; Xu; rpwpa ngbad; nrhd;dhd;.
mtu;fsJ cjLfspy; urk; tope;jJ. gpur;rpidapiy ehd; cq;fSf;F 'jk;gp> mq;if thwJf;F
cjtj; jahuh ,Uf;fpwd;. Mdh Kd;dk; vy;yhk; njupQ;rpl;LJ.
fhk;gpid Nehf;fp [Pg; Ntfkhf ehd;jhd; fhl;bf; FLj;jdhd; vz;l
Xbf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jpiy ,wf;fpwd;."
tp\ak; njupaNt $lhJ." ',jpiyNah cq;fil tPL."
'vd;d rPdp Iah> fijf;fhk 'cq;fSf;F mg;g Misj;
,Uf;fpwpas;?" ',y;iy" vd;whd; Fkhu;.
njupAk;jhd;." 'cq;fil tPl;Lf;F Kd;dhiy
'jdpahj;jhd; ehd; cd;Ndhil 'jk;gp njupAk; vz;L
fijf;fNtZk;." ,wf;fp tpLwk;."
nrhy;yNtzhk;. Mdh nuz;L 'cq;fNshil vd;idf;
'[Pg;Gf;Fs;s Mf;fs; %z;L Ngupiy re;Njfk;."
,Uf;fpdnkz;L Nahrpf;fpwpas; fz;lh rpy Mf;fs; cz;ikia
'mg;g mitaisg; gpbr;Rj; kiwg;gpdk;jhid. ehd; Rk;khj;
Nghy. r%fg; gpur;rpidnaz;lh jl;lNtz;baJjhNd! gpwnfJf;F
vy;yhUf;Fk; jhid. tp\aj;ijr; jpupQ;rhjhd; cz;ik njupAk;."
jiyiag; Nghl;L cilr;Rf; vd;W mtu; ,wq;fpf; nfhz;lhu;.
nrhy;Yq;Nfh> mitaSk; VJk; nfhz;bUf;f NtZk;?"
Ibahf;fisr; nrhy;Ytpdk;." nts;spf;fpoik gj;J
Fkhu; FWf;fpl;lhd;. kzpf;fpilapy; fw;gopj;jtidf;
kpul;rpAld; ngbau;fisg; 'rPdp Iah nrhy;ypwjpiyAk;
ghu;j;jhu; rz;Kfypq;fk;. fz;L gpbj;J> mtDf;Fj; J}f;Fj;
QhakpUf;F. mtu; ,e;jg; jz;lidAk; nfhLf;fg;gLk;.
'jk;gpas;> cts; FKjpdp gpur;rpidapiy jiyiag;
xU ey;y nghl;il> mlf;f FKjpdpaplk; nrhd;dJ ,af;fk;.
Nghl;lhnuz;L njupahkypUf;fpwJ 'Mu;? Mu;?" gugug;Gld;
xLf;fkhdts;. Ntypahiy vl;bg; ey;yJ. ,d;Dnkhz;L> vq;fil
ghf;Fk; nghl;ilAkpy;iy. vq;ifNah Nfl;lhs; mts;.
,af;fj;Jf;F ,jpy yhgk; ,Uf;fpwjhiy 'mJ nts;spf;fpoikjhd;
tk;gpiy gpwe;jJ xz;L mtisf; ,ij ehq;f ufrpakhfr; nra;af;
nfLj;Jg; Nghl;LJ." njupatUk;. jiyahl;bjhd; Misf;
$lhJ." fhl;Lk;."
'XNkhk;> vq;fSf;Fk; njupAk;." 'jk;gp Fkhu;> nfhk;khtpl;il
'mts; ghtk;. fw;gopr;rtidg; 'Mu; me;jj; jiyahl;b?"
ehd; ,Jf;if jiyiag; Nghl;ldhd; 'jiyahl;b Mnuz;L nrhd;dh
gpbr;R jz;lid FLj;jnkz;lh> vz;L kwe;Jk; nrhy;ypg; Nghlhij.
mtSf;F xU epahak; toq;fpdJ ehq;fs; Fw;wq;fis vg;gpbf; fz;L
gpwF tPl;Lg; gf;fk; vd;id tuTk;
41 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
gpbf;fpwJ? mJ Mnuz;l ufrpak; njhlq;fpdhd;. 'Iak;gps;is. ctd;jhd;

vq;fil jiytUf;F kl;Lk;jhd; 'FKjpdp vq;fil rNfhjup. cjpiy epf;fpwtq;fspiy gL
njupAk;." mt Kf%b Nghl;l xUtdhiy NtirNkhd;" vd jdf;Fs;
md;Wjhd; nts;spf;fpoik. fw;gopf;fg;gl;lJ nfhLikapYk; fj;jpf;nfhz;lhd; rz;Kfypq;fk;.
fhiy MW kzp. FKjpdp jd; cly; nfhLik. vq;fil Gdpjkhd Nghiu CupNy Iak;gps;is
KOtijAk; Nja; Nja; vd;W Nja;j;J khR gLj;jpwj;Jf;F r%f tpNuhjpas; kupahijf;Fupatu;. taJ 50 f;F Nky;
KOfpdhs;. midj;J mOf;FfisAk; Kidapwhq;fs;. mtq;f vq;fil vd;gij ahtUk; ek;gkhl;lhu;fs;.
fOtpj; js;Sk; mtjp. R+upa xspapNy r%fj;jpy Njhd;wpa Gy;YUtpas;. cioj;J cUNfwpa cly;. Js;Sk;
mfg;igf; fhk;nghd;wpdhy; jdJ ePo; ,tq;fisf; fisnaLf;fNtz;Lk;> G[q;fs;. mtiu vy;NyhUk; 'Njhou;'
$e;jypy; miye;j ePiuj; Jilj;jhs;. ,tq;fSf;Fg; gfpuq;fkhfj; jz;lid vd;Nw miog;ghu;fs;. kPd;gpbj;
,af;fk; te;jJ. tpWtpWntd;W nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;gjhd; ,J njhopy;. 'mtupl;ilj;jhd; kPd; kypT"
$e;jiy Kbj;Jf; fl;bdhs;. vJTk; kw;wtq;fSf;F xU ghlkh ,Uf;Fk;. vd;W midj;Jg; ngz;fSk; mtNuhL
Ngrtpy;iy. [Pg;gpy; mts; Vwpdhs;. ehq;f tprhuizia elj;jptpl;lk;. xl;L. ,e;jr; nry;thf;F mtUf;Fg;
vl;L Kg;gJ. ,g;g jiyahl;bNahil te;jpUf;fpwk;. giftu;fisAk; cUthf;fpaJ vd;gij
KUfd; Nfhtpy; Kd; tPjpapy; mtd;jhd; ePjpgjp. tho;f vq;fil mtu; mwpahu;. Mk;> rz;Kfypq;fKk;
mq;F thOk; midj;J Mz;fSk; ,af;fk;. tsu;f jkpo; ,dk;. nty;f mtdJ giftd;.
epd;whu;fs;. NfhtpYf;F Kd; jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lk;." filnfl;l NtirNkhd;.
toq;fg;gLk; ePjp flTspd; ePjp vd;gJ Ngr;R Kbe;jJk; 'jiyahl;b" kPDk; Gbr;Rf;nfhz;L fk;A+dprKk;
,af;fj;jpd; nfhs;if. vtiuAk; fw;gopj;jtidf; fhl;Lk; glyk; NgRwhdhk;. vd;iu jpUtpoh ce;j
tiy Nghl;Lj; NjlNtz;ba njhlq;fpaJ. KUfd; NfhtpYf;if elf;Nff;if
mtrpak; ,af;fj;jpw;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy. KjyhtJ juprdk; Xu; gjpdhW ctd; me;jg; gf;fk; te;jtd;. ehDk;
%d;W ehs;fspd; Kd;Ng Nehl;B]; taJg; ngbad; kPJ. tQ;rfk; ,y;yhik ctdpl;ilj;
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mjw;Fj; 'ctd; vd;iu eha; uhKTf;Ff; jpUePiw ePl;bdd;. mJf;ftd;
jiy gzpahNjhupw;F vd;d elf;Fk; fy;yhiy vwpQ;rtd;jhd;. ghtk;. 'Mf;fSf;F jpUePW FLf;fpwJf;F
vd;gJ ed;whfNt njupAk;. tpLtk;." Kjy;> cd;iu flj;jy; Ntiyia
rupahf xd;gJf;F Ie;J jiyahl;b efu;fpd;whd;. epg;ghl;bl;L kDrdh khwp clk;ig
epkplq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ [Pg; te;jJ. 'tapj;jpypq;fz;iz ey;y tUj;jp cioAk;" vz;L Mf;fSf;F
Kf%b mzpe;jpUe;j jiyahl;bAk;> kdprd;. MW khjj;Jf;F Ke;jp Kd;dhiy nrhd;dtd;. mz;ilf;F
FKjpdpAk; ,af;fg; nghbad;fSld; vdf;Fj; je;j IE}W &ghia ,d;Dk; vd;iu ntl;b cupQ;rJ Nghyjhd;.
,wq;fpdhu;fs;. jd;idf; nfLj;j Nff;fhkypUf;fpwhu;." vspa fPo;rhjp eha;. ctUf;F xU
Kf%bia mwpahj FKjpdp 'jk;gpg;gps;is> Fbnaz;lhf; fk;A+dp]g; G+dhTk; Ntz;bf;
jd;NdhL te;j Kf%biaAk; fhZk;. ghud; fz;iz. ce;j fplf;Nf! ctq;fisnay;yhk; tpl;L
mwpahs;. mwpaNtz;Lk; vd;w tpUg;G nts;sdNt rpte;JNgha;f; fplf;F." itf;ff; $lhJ. ghu;. nej;jpapiy
mtsplk; Njhd;wtpy;iy. 'Kj;ijah! ce;j tajpiy tpG+jp G+rkhl;lhd;. ,z;ilf;F
“
gj;J kzpf;F AK47 Ngrj; ctUf;F xU nuz;lhk;jhuk;. MdhYk; Ml;b tpLwd;. nfhz;LNgha; ey;y
mts; Rjpahd ruf;Fjhd;. ctidj; nghl;lh itr;R tpll;Lk;."
jl;bdh mtis vg;gpbahtJ Iak;gps;isapd; Kd; jiy
mtq;f vq;fil fPg;gh itr;rpUf;fyhk;jhd;. tpLtk;. MbaJ.
r%fj;jpy Njhd;wpa nfjpapiy jiyiag; NghLthd; rdpf;fpoik tpbay;.
Gy;YUtpas;. ,tq;fisf; Nghy ,Uf;FJ." iyl; Ngh];l;by;> tpfhuk;
fisnaLf;fNtz;Lk;> uh[ypq;fj;ijg; ghu;j;jJk; nra;ag;gl;l epiyapy; gpzk; xd;W
,tq;fSf;Fg; jiyahl;bf;F tpNuhjk; te;jJ. njhq;Ffpd;wjhk;.
gfpuq;fkhfj; jz;lid ,uz;L fpoikf;F Kd;dk;jhd; gfypy;> gyu; ghu;j;jpUf;f
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;gjhd; RNyhrdhTf;Fj; jhyp fl;batd;. KUfd; Nfhtpy; tPjpapy; jhd; kPz;Lk;
,J kw;wtq;fSf;F xU vq;if ,Ue;Jjhd; me;jf; fpspia fw;gopf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;w mtjpapy;
ghlkh ,Uf;Fk;. ehq;f nfhj;jpf; nfhz;Lte;jtd;? FKjpdp jpLf;fpl;L tpopf;fpd;whs;.
tprhuizia elj;jptpl;lk;. kztiwapy; itj;Nj RNyhrdhit 'Iak;gps;isf;F ele;j
,g;g jiyahl;bNahil rz;Kfypq;fj;jpd; epu;thzkhf;fpg; mePjpf;F xU KbT fl;Ltd;" vd;W
te;jpUf;fpwk;. mtd;jhd; ghu;j;J ntwpj;J mlq;fpaJ. rgjnkLj;j xUtdpd; Kfj;jpy;
NtYg;gps;is. R+upaf; fjpu;fs; tpOe;jd.
ePjpgjp. tho;f vq;fil
“
,af;fk;. tsu;f jkpo; ,dk;.
nty;f jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lk;."
.....
uh[d;.
.....
me;j Ntisapy; ePjpj; Njtij
nghl;ilahfp epd;whs;.
(nghl;il vd;gjpd; mu;j;jk; FUL.)
rpthde;jd;.
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 42
irtj;ij
tpG';fg;
ghu;f;Fk;
fpwpj;Jtk;.
Rkhu;j;j.
,e;Jj;Jtg;
ghu;g;gdpak;
,q;fhd (jkpofj;jjhd)> mq;fhd khu;f;rpau; vdg;gLNthu; tiuf;Fk; vq;fs; Nrhjp" -
(tl ,e;jpahtpdjhd)> cq;fhd Ntj Nkyhz;ik mjpfhuj;Jf;Fk;> rk;ge;ju;(Njthuk;)
(<oj;jjhd> ,yq;ifajhd) vdNt. ju;krhj;jpuq;fSf;Fk; Kd; 'kD];kpUjp ghujehL
irtk;>ngsj;jk; ,uz;ilANk kz;bapl;Lf; fplf;Fk; Ngutyf; KOtjpYk; cs;s ,e;J rkaj;jpdu;
,t;thNw ghtpf;fyhk;. njhif tif fhl;rpfNs ,q;Nf fz;$lhk;: midtuhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ"-
tpup vdtpupj;Jg; Ngr ,q;Nf,lkpy;iy. 'NtjNk RUjp. mwj;JzpGjhd; v];.itahGupg;gps;is
,e;jpahtpd; jiyik ];kpUjp. ,tw;iw thjpl;L Nrhjpj;jwpa (jkpohuha;r;rpapd; tsu;r;rp)
mjpfhukhf NtjNk tPw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. Kayf;$lhJ. ,e;E}y;fspd; tpjpg;gb 'rpyE}y;fs; ,yf;fpa
mq;fhd ,iw NtjNk. vdNt xOFjyd;wp capu;fSf;F NtW tpku;rdj;Jf;F mg;ghw;gl;lit.
ehj;jpfk; vd;why; flTs; kWg;gd;W> flikfs; vJTk; ,y;iy. ,tw;iwf; Ntjq;fs;> cgep\j;Jfs;> gftj;fPij>
khwhf fy;tpE}y; mwpthYk; ju;f;fthjj; rPf;fpa fpue;jq;fs; ,it ,e;jpa
NtjkWg;Ng. Ntjj;ij kWj;jyhy; jpwikahYk; Nrhjpj;J mtkjpg;gtd; cjhuzk;. ,e;jpahtpw;F mg;ghw;gl;l
irtKk; Ntjf;fzf;fpy; ehj;jpfNk. vtdhapDk; mtd; ehj;jpfd; Mthd;. cjhuzq;fs; vd;why; nfhuhd;>
,e;Jkj ntspapy; ,iwkWg;ghsu;f;Fk; mtd; rKjhaj;jpypUe;J tpyf;fg;gl iggps; Kjypatw;iwr; nrhy;yyhk;"-
,lKz;L. NtjkWg;ghsUk; Ntz;batd;"- fehR (cyf ,yf;fpak;)
tpthjpg;NghUk; 'myif"ah kEju;kk;- fy;tp 7 -8. 'murpaypy; $l. vj;jidNah
itf;fg;gLg! 'mwkhtJ kE Kjypa E} rpj;jhe;jq;fs; nfhs;iffs; vd;W
,e;jpahtpd; jiyik y;fspy; tpjpj;jd nra;jYk; tpyf;fpad (,e;jpahtpy; ) Ml;rp nrYj;jpdhy;$l
mjpfhukhf NtjNk NfhNyhr;rp xopjYk; Mk;: m/J xOf;fk;> tof;F> mt;tsTk; me;epa kz;zpy;
tUfpd;wJ. jz;lk; vd %tifg;gLk;"- tpise;jit. ,g;gbg; ghu;f;Fk;
,e;jpah - 'Ntjq;fspd; gupNkyofu;(ciug;ghapuk;) NghJ Mu;v];v]; rpj;jhe;jk;jhd;
ehL" vd E}y; vOjpdhu; Nfusj;J 'Ntjj;ij tpl;l mwkpy;iy Ntjj;jpy ekJ kz;zpy; tpise;j
,.vk;.v];. ek;G+jpupghL. Xjj; jFk;mwk; vy; yhKs ju;f;f rpj;jhe;jkhfg;gLfpwJ" - fehR
',e;jpah - rpj;j(u;) G+kp"(jp thjj;ij tpl;L kjpQu; tsKw;w (jpdkzp> 7.10.1987)
Nyz;l; Mg; rpj;) vd vjpu;f;Fuy; Ntjj;ij XjpNa tPLngw; whu;fNs"- "];thkpapy;iy vd;Wnrhy;ypf;
E}y; nfhLj;jhu; fhrpg;ghz;bad; jpU%yu; (jpUke;jpuk;) nfhz;Nl $l M];jpfu;fshf
,.M.g.> "VJf;fshYk; vLj;jnkhopahYk; ,Uf;fKbAk;.
ciuahrpupau;> tpQ;QhdG+u;t kpf;Fr; M];jpfk; vd;why; Ntjjj;jpy;
Ma;thsu;> tpku;rfu;> Nguhrpupau;> Nrhjpf;f Ntz;lh Rlu;tpl;Lshd; ek;gpf;if ,Ug;gJ vd;Wjhd; mu;j;jk;
itjpf tof;if
bghjpifr;rpj;jq
Ml;Nrgpg;gJjhd; ehj;jpfk; vd;gNj
Qhdrk;ge;jd; nfhs;ifahfTk;
43 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
“
'<oj;jkpo;g; gz;ghl;L Kfk;: ,d;iwf;Fs;s <oj;Jr;R+oypy;
ehtyiug;Nghd;W gz;ghl;L murpaiy Kd;ndLf;ff;$ba murpay;
rf;jpfs; jkpou; jug;Gf;F mtrpakhfpd;wdu;.
Mdhy;> Jujpu;\;l trkhf mg;gbnahU mwpTr;r%fj;jpd;
njhlu;r;rpia me;epyk; Ngz kwe;Jtpl;lJ. kuGfisAk;
rkaq;fisAk; mwNt jtpu;j;Jtpl;L
Nkw;Fyff; Nfhl;ghLfis ekJ gz;ghl;Lf;Fs; gpujpapl;Lg; ghu;f;Fk;
gupjhgk; epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
ehtyupd; jPz;lhikf; fUj;Jfis
ntWj;J xJf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;> mtuJ 'irtKk;
jkpOk;" vd;fpw ,e;jf; Nfh\k; ,Ugj;Njhuhk; E}w;whz;bYk;
<oj;jkpou;f;Fj; Njitg;gLfpwJ vd;gij vtuhYk; kWf;f ,ayhJ."-
“
mfuKjy;td; (jkpo; ,e;J -18.12.2022)
,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. rh];jpuq;fis> jj;Jtq;fisg; <.nt.uhkrhkp(tpLjiy12-1-1961)

<Rtugf;jp ,y;yhky; gFj;jwptpdhNy tptfhuk; tpthjk; '<oj;jkpo;g; gz;ghl;L
,Ug;gJ$l ,y;iy- gz;Zfpwtd; vd;W mu;j;jk;. ,e;j Kfk;: ,d;iwf;Fs;s <oj;Jr;R+oypy;
rq;fuhr;rhupahu; (nja;tj;jpd; Fuy; tpthjk; Mupa Guhz ,jpfhrq;fisg; ehtyiug;Nghd;W gz;ghl;L
- njhFjp : 7) ngupJk; ghjpg;gjhy; ahu; xUtu; murpaiy Kd;ndLf;ff;$ba
"Ntjj;ij ek;Ggtu; Mj;jpfu; jq;fSila Mjhuq;fspy; murpay; rf;jpfs; jkpou; jug;Gf;F
vd;wdu;. mjd; Nkyhz;ikia Vw;f ifitf;fpwhu;fNsh mtu;fis mtrpakhfpd;wdu;. Mdhy;> Jujpu;\;l
kWg;gtu;fis ehj;jpfu; eh];jpfd; vdr; nrhy;yptpl;lhu;fs;. trkhf mg;gbnahU mwpTr;r%fj;jpd;
vd;wdu;. ,jpypUe;J vd;d njupfpwJ. flTs; njhlu;r;rpia me;epyk; Ngz
'ehj;jpfu; vd;Nghu; Ntjj;jpd; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; ,jw;Fk; rk;ge;jkpy;Ny. kwe;Jtpl;lJ. kuGfisAk;
Nkyhz;ikia kWg;gtu;fs;’ Mupa flTs;fisAk;> Mupa rkaq;fisAk; mwNt jtpu;j;Jtpl;L
vd;fpwhu; kE. rh];jpuq;fisAk;> %lek;gpf;if Nkw;Fyff; Nfhl;ghLfis ekJ
flTs; Vw;Gk;> kWg;Gk; Mj;jpfj;JlNdh> fisAk; gFj;jwpTld; vjpu;j;Jf; gz;ghl;Lf;Fs; gpujpapl;Lg; ghu;f;Fk;
ehj;jpfj;JlNdh njhd;ik ,e;jpahtpy; Nfl;lhy; eP eh];jpfd; mt;tsTjhd;. gupjhgk; epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ ,y;iy" me;jtifapy; vd;id eh];jpfd; vd;W ehtyupd; jPz;lhikf; fUj;Jfis
',e;jpahtpd; njhd;ikj; jj;Jtq;fspy;> ijupakhfr; nrhy;ypf;nfhs;fpNwd;.” ntWj;J xJf;Fk; mNj
Kw;wpYkhff; flTis kWj;j - <.nt.uhkrhkp. Ntisapy;>mtuJ 'irtKk;
jj;Jtq;fs; $l Mj;jpf epiyg;ghl;by; ,jpytu; tptfhuq;fis tpthjk; jkpOk;" vd;fpw ,e;jf; Nfh\k;
Vw;fg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhzKbAk;. gz;Zfpwtd; vd;fpd;whNu mtidNa> ,Ugj;Njhuhk; E}w;whz;bYk;
khwhff; flTis Vw;w irt> 'NtjtpNuhj ju;f;f tpat`hupz" <oj;jkpou;f;Fj; Njitg;gLfpwJ
gRgjpj; jj;Jtq;fs; ngUk;ghyhd vd;fpd;wJ Ntjhe;jj;jug;G. mtid vd;gij vtuhYk; kWf;f ,ayhJ."-
kf;fshy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l NghJk; Nehf;fpNa> 'Nrhjpf;f Ntz;lh Rlu; mfuKjy;td; (jkpo; ,e;J -18.12.2022)
mu;j;jkw;wit vd xJf;fg;gl;ld. tpl;Lshd; vq;fs; Nrhjp" vd;fpd;wJ ,j;njhlu;gpy; mofpay;>
mjw;Ff; fhuzk; mit Ntjj;jpd; irtrpj;jhe;jj; jug;Gk;. gz;ghl;baypd; Ngupyhd
jiyikia Vw;ftpy;iy vd;gNj."- ngupahu; thrpg;gpd; murpaiyj; mbg;gilthj kj murpaypy;
cNk\; gl;up (r%f. tpQ;Qhdk; Jy;ypakhff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ ngupahupd; 'Ntjhe;jj; jy" fehR 'rpj;jhe;jj;
-nrg; 2007). ,g;ghu;it. jy" MWKf ehtyu; ghzpapyhd
'ehj;jpfk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Ff; 'rpe;jpj;jhy;> ju;f;fpj;jhy;> ,q;F 'ehNuha;y; klj; jy" Mrhd;
flTs; ,y;iy vd;W nghUspy;iy. re;Njfpj;jhy; ghtk; vd;W mOj;jp n[aNkhfd; mzpapy; mfuKjy;tDk;>
tlnkhop Mjhuq;fspy; ghu;j;jgb itf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;. vdNtjhd; jPgr;nry;tDk;; VyNt fhe;jsfk;
nrhy;fpNwd;. ehj;jpfd; vd;why; mwpT tsutpy;iy. rKjhak; rr;rpAk;> fhrp Mde;jDk; 'Nkhb
Guhz> ,jpfhrq;fis> Ntjq;fis> NkNyhq;ftpy;iy."- g[d;" ghb 'mDkhu; Nrid".
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 44
Mfkr;irt mbg;gilthj Nehf;fpy;: fpwpj;Jtk;

irtj;ijj; jpd;W nrupj;Jtplhky;...
“
'Mq;fpy Ml;rpahsu;fsplk; mjpfhuk; ,Ue;jJ. ghjpupahu;fsplk;
fpwpj;Jtk; vd;Dk; jj;Jtk; ,Ue;jJ.mjpfhuKk; jj;JtKk; Nru;e;J
INuhg;gpa etPd tho;f;ifia ,yq;ifr; irtu;fSf;Ff;
fhl;bf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mJ> Vw;nfdNt fpwpj;Jtk; irtj;ijj;
jpd;W nrupj;JtpLk; vd;gjhd
fzpg;Gf;F te;jpUe;j MWKf ehtyu;f;F (M.eh.) mjpu;r;rpia
cz;lhf;fpaJ. Ml;rpahsu;fspd; mjpfhuj;ijtpl ghjpupahu;fspd;
“
jj;Jtk; mghafukhdJ vd;gJ M.eh.tpd; ek;gpf;if.
mu;[{d; rk;gj; > Ks;sptha;f;fhy; 'mjw;fhf klhjpgjpfisAk; ghu;g;gdpak; tpjpf;Fk;

Kw;wj;jpy; mz;zd; 'epd;wrPu; fy;tpahsu;fisAk; Gutyu;fisAk; tUzhrpuk jUkj;ij rpj;jhe;j
neLkhwd;" vdthq;Fk; <q;F jd;NdhNl ,Uf;Fk;gb ghu;j;Jf; m\;lfj;ij vOjpa ghu;g;gduhd
,e;Jj;Jt mbg;gil kjthj nfhz;lhu;" ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahu; Nghw;wtpy;iy.
rf;jpfSld; ifNfhh;f;fyhapdu;. 'Mq;fpNyau;fspd; Gjpa mtuJ elj;ijfis ntWj;j jpy;iy
jw;NghJ ,e;jpahtpy; xU rl;lq;fs; jk;ikg; ghjpj;J tplhj thoe;jzu;fshy; r%fg;gpu\;lk;
ehL>xU nkhop> xNu fy;tpKiw> gbf;Fj; jLj;jhl klhjpgjpfSf;F nra;ag;gl;lhu; vdj; njhlu;thu;.
xNu kjk; vd;w epiyia Nehf;fp Xu; Ms; Njitg;gl;l NghJ
murpay; efu;e;J nfhz;Ls;sJ. mNj vz;zj;jpy; ,Ue;j M.eh. 'gftj;fPij"ia nfhiyE}y; vd;W
,e;j murpaiy vjpu;nfhs;s ekf;F mtu;fSf;Fj; Jizahf;fg;gl;lhu;. $Wk; irt>rkz E}y;fs;:
ts;syhUk;> kzpNkfiyapd; - klhjpgjpfNshL el;igj; njhlu
ngsj;j ciuahlYk;> jpUf;FwSk; tpUk;gpa rk];jhdu;fSk; rka 'ePyNfrp" flTs; tho;j;Jg; gFjpapy;
gad;glf; $Lk; - mgpkhdKs;s nry;te;ju;fSk; ,Ue;Jk;; "rptQhd rpj;jpah"upy;
M.fpUl;bzd; (kzpNkfiy jkpo; M.eh.Tf;F cjtpfs; nra;jdu;" - ,Ue;Jk; gf;fq;fis 'tUbefy;"
mwk;) Qh.FUrhkp ,izj;Js;shu; nghNt. ePyNfrpg;
Mfkr;irt mbg;gilthj (fhf;ifr; rpwfpdpNy - jpr. 2022) gFjpia kl;Lk; mjd; nra;As;
Nehf;fpy;: fpwpj;Jtk; irtj;ijj; irt rka Ma;ntDk;NghJ Gzu;j;jpa eiliag; gpupj;Jf;
jpd;W nrupj;Jtplhky;... nghj;jhk; nghJtpy; nghJikg;gLj;jp fhz;Nghk;:
'Mq;fpy Ml;rpahsu;fsplk; mjpfhuk; tplhky; ,j;njhlu;gpy; ,t;thW 'jpUkhy; Kjypa Vida flTsu;
,Ue;jJ. ghjpupahu;fsplk; fpwpj;Jtk; tpOq;fg; ghu;f;Fk; ntt;NtW fijfis nrhw;fSk;
vd;Dk; jj;Jtk; ,Ue;jJ.mjpfhuKk; tpje;Njhjpf; fhzj;jiyg;glhy; capu;fl;F ,luhf;Fk; nrhw;fNs
jj;JtKk; Nru;e;J INuhg;gpa etPd md;wp cl;fpilahd nka;k;ik Mjy; fz;zd;
tho;f;ifia ,yq;ifr; irtu;fSf;Ff; Gyg;glNt khl;lhJ. mUr;Rzidf; nfhiyNkw; nrYj;jpa
fhl;bf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mJ> 'irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; 'gftj;fPij"
Vw;nfdNt fpwpj;Jtk; irtj;ijj; gpuhkzr; rhu;gpd;ikia mjd; Kjypatw;whd; czu;f. ,dp fz;zd;
jpd;W nrupj;JtpLk; vd;gjhd mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghl;bNyNa KjypNahu;
fzpg;Gf;F te;jpUe;j MWKf fhzyhk;. ];khu;j;jg; gpuhkzu;fs; gpwiuf; fhj;jw; nghUl;Lg; gpwu;f;Fe;
ehtyu;f;F (M.eh.) mjpu;r;rpia rq;fuupd; mj;itj tpahf;fpahdj;ij Jd;gQ;
cz;lhf;fpaJ. Ml;rpahsu;fspd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;gtu;fs;. Mdhy; nra;jtu; vdpy; Mwiyf; fs;tUk;
mjpfhuj;ijtpl ghjpupahu;fspd; irtrpj;jhe;jhNkh khahthjj;ij gpwiuf; fhj;jw;
jj;Jtk; mghafukhdJ vd;gJ vjpu;j;Jj; jhd; cz;ikahd nghUl;Nl Mwiyg;ghu; Mfypd;
M.eh.tpd; ek;gpf;if. Rj;jhj;Jtpjnkdf; nfhs;tJ." mJTk; ey;tpid
mjdhNyNa mtu; jk; 'irt rpj;jhe;jj;jjpd; vdg;gLk; vd;f."-
rkaQ;rhu; r%f Nkd;ikf;fhd ngUE}yhfpa rptQhd Nghjj;ijg; 'ePyNfrp"
Ntiyia kpFe;j vr;rupf;ifNahLk; gpuhkzuy;yhjhuhfpa nka;fz;lhNu 'rptQhd rpj;jpah"upy; ,j;jF
fwhuhd jpl;lkplNyhLk; tbtikj;Jf; vOjpdhu;" -fhu;j;jpNfR rptj;jk;gp gFjp ,lk;ngwy; Fwpj;j ,d;ndhU
nfhz;lhu;." (jkpopyf;fpaj;jpy; kjKk; khDlKk;) gjpitAk; fhz;f:
45 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
'fPij td;Kiwia - Nghiug; - ethypA+u; e.rp.fe;ijah gps;isapd; gps;isapd; E}y; ,d;W kWthrpg;gpw;F
gpur;rhuk; nra;tJ vd;W $WtJ ',e;J rka tuyhW"( History of cupajhfptpl;lJ. ',e;J" vd;w
GJtjd;W. ,ij xU jj;JtkhfNt Hinduism) vDk; 1960 -,y; jkpo;ehl;by; nrhy;iy ve;jtpjj; jilAzu;r;rpAk;
Nghjpf;fpd;wJ vd;W irt ntspahd E}y; 'tpOJfs;" gjpg;gf ,y;yhky; MWKf ehtyu; njhlq;fp>
rpj;jhe;jpfSk; fUJfpd;wdu;. ntspaPlhf 2003 - ,y; ,uz;lhk; fe;ijah gps;is tiuapyhd <oj;J
mUs;ee;jpr; rpthr;rhupahu; $Wfpwhu;: gjpg;ghf ntspaplg;gl;lJ> mjpypUe;J: mwpQu;fs; gad;gLj;jp cs;sdu;.
',e;J rkak; vt;thW je;jpukhfj; Mdhy; jkpo;ehl;by; ,e;J vd;w
'ghu;j;jdhu; ,ujNkwpg; giljidg; jd;id tsu;j;Jf;nfhz;lJ vd;gij nrhy; vjpu;Kfhikr; rhu;e;jjhfNt
ghu;j;Jr; rhu;igf; ,e;E}y; tpsf;FfpwJ'. irtu;fshy; milahsq; fhzg;gl;L
$u;j;j mk;ghNy nfhd;W murhNsd; 'jkpo;r;r%fj;jpd; Njitia tUfpd;wJ. <oj;jpy; Ngupdthjj;ij
vd;dj; xl;b ,e;E}y; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. milahsg;gLj;Jk; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F
Nju;(j;)jdpy; ,Ue;J khianra;J jkpoupd; rkak; gw;wpa gy Ma;TfSk;> vjpuhf ,e;J vd;w nrhy;iyr;
khy;nfhs;sr; nrg;Gk; tpthjq;fSk; cUthf Ntz;Lk;. irtmwpQu;fs; gad;gLj;jp
thu;j;ij E}y;Mf;fpf; nfhz;lha; Vnddpy;> ,e;Jrkak; jkpoupd; tUfpd;wdu;. ,q;Nf ,e;J vd;w
Guq;nfhy; E}y; kjpj;jp lhNa." rkaky;y vd;gij epWt Ntz;ba nrhy; ];khu;j;jg; ghu;g;gdu;fspd;
- rptQhd rpj;jpahu; gugf;fk; tuyhw;Wf;fl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.jkpou; Md;kpf mjpfhuj;jpd; kiwKfkhd
gftj;fPijf;F ,g;gb rkak; ,Jjhd; vd;W epWtg;gl;L FwpaPlhfg; Ngzg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
irtrpe;jhe;jpfsplkpUe;J xU tpl;lhy; jkpof kf;fSf;F tpLjiy ,e;j kWthrpg;Gg; gpd;dzpapNyNa
jPtpukhd vjpu;g;Gf; fpsk;gp fpilj;JtpLk; vd;W mu;j;jky;y. ,e;E}iy mZfNtz;Lk;." -
,Uf;Fkhdhy; mJ ,e;J rkaj;jpw;Fupa ,d;W ,e;Jj;Jthtpd; ghrprg; njh.gukrptd;:
xU nghJthd> Gdpjkhd gDty; Nghf;fpw;F vjpuhf mJ Xu; MAjkhfj; (,.r.t.E}ypd; fUj;Jiu)
vd;W cupik nfhz;lhl KbahJ. jpfoNtz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;."
fPij> rhjp (tUz) NtWghLfisg; 'jkpou; rkak; ,Jjhd; vd;gij ,j;njhlu;gpy; Fle;ij Jiuadhu;
Nghjpf;fpwJ. mNj Fuypy; mJ Nghu; cWjpnra;Jtpl;lhy;> mJTk; ,d;iwa mbfs; fl;likf;f Kad;w 'jpUtpad;
nra;aTk; J}z;LfpwJ. mg;gbahdhy; R+ioypy; ghrprj;jd;ik ngw;WtpLk; kjpak;". mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bju;
rhjp (rka) Kuz;ghLfSf;Fk; vd;gJ rhj;jpaNk. ,Ue;jhYk; fl;likf;f Kad;w 'jkpo;g;ngsj;jk;"
td;Kiwf;Fk; neUq;fpa njhlu;G ,e;Jj;Jtj;jpd; ghrprj;jpw;F vjpuhf> vd; Mrpupau; Nguhrhd;
,Uf;fpwNjh? jkpou; rkaj;ij kPl;lnlLf;f f.neLQ;nropad; kPl;nlLf;f Kad;w
mjpnyd;d re;Njfk;? ,d;Wk; Ntz;baJ mtrpaNk. jkpou; rkak; MrPtf ma;adhu; topghl;Lr; rkak;
ghu;f;fpNwhk;. New;Wk; ghu;j;Njhk;." vJ vd;gijg; gw;wpa tpthjj;ij> Mfpait guprPypf;fj;jf;fd. ehq;fs;
-jp.R.eluhrd; (jkpopd; milahsk;) Ma;it ,e;E}iy ntspapLtjd; (NjtNear;rpj;jpud;> tpupA+u; ed;Ky;iy>
jkpofj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu %yk; kPz;Lk; njhlq;fp itf;fpNwhk;" juq;if gd;dPu;r;rnry;td;>ehd;>
irtj;ij tpOq;fg; ghu;g;Nghu; - uhad; (,.r.t. E}ypd; gjpg;Giu) muzKWty;> mupkhg;ghfd;)
Rkhu;j;jg;ghu;g;gdu; vd ,dq;fz;L ',e;J" vd;w nrhy; topahf 'jkpok;" vd xU khe;jtpaw;
vLj;Jiuj;jtu; fhRgps;is vdTk; irtj;ij tpOq;fg; ghu;f;Fk; Kaw;rp nghUs;Kjypar; rkaj;ijf; fl;likf;f
vk;vy; (rl;lg;gapy;Tg; gl;lg; fle;j xU E}w;whz;Lf; fhykhfNt Kad;Nwhk;. ngha;aha;g; goq;
ngau;) gps;is vdTk; Rl;lg;gl;l njhlu;e;J eilngw;W tUfpwJ fdtha;g; Nghapw;wJ. jkpou;
fh.Rg;gpukzpadhNu. vdyhk;. rkak; vdf;fl;likg;gjpy;
“
,j;njhlu;gpd; aho;g;ghz ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; e.rp.fe;ijah vdf;F ,w;iwg;gLj;jpa Nehf;fpy;
cld;ghby;iy. xw;iwg;gLj;Jk;
cUthf;f KaYk; vJTk; ghrprNk.
mq;fhd ,e;jpaj; jiyik jkpou; rkaKk; gd;ikj;JtkhfNt
fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.jkpou; ,iwapay;>
mjpfhukhd Ntjg;ghu;g;gdpaj;NjhL nka;apay; vdthq;Nf fz;liljNy
vd; ghL. ,j;njhlu;gpy; ,jw;FNkw;
cq;fhd irtg;Gypfs; rq;fkpg;gpd; Ngr ,q;Nf ,lkpy;iy.
njhF nkhj;j kPs; Nehf;fpy;
fl;baq; $wNy fehRtpd; Ntjhe;jk;> M.eh.tpd;
Mfkr;irt mbg;gilthjk; vDk;
mfuKjy;tdpd; 'jkpo; ,e;J"r; ,uz;ld; tpNjrpaj;jpw;F vjpujhd
rPjNgjp thu;j;ijg; Nghf;F. “ RNjrpag; gz;ghl;L kPl;nlLg;G

vdf; fijg;gnjy;yhk; je;jpukhd
,e;Japr - ,e;Jj;Jt kPl;GthjNk.
mq;fhd ,e;jpaj; jiyik
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 46
tlY}upd; Qhdts;sy; nka;fhz; KiwNa vd; Qhdj;Njl;l “

newpapay;. vjpupapd; %ygyj;ijNa Fwp ,yf;fhfj; jhf;fpj;
jfu;g;ghf;fk; epfo;j;JtNj nghjpifr;rpj;ju; <Nuhl;Lg; ghriwapy; fw;Wj;
Nju;e;j Nghu;Kiw.
'fUizapy; Ml;rp fLfp xopnfdf; filapid tpupj;j tlY}
uhUk; fWg;GQ; rptg;Gk; ntFspg; nghUnsdf; fyfq;fs; tFj;j
<Nuhl;lhUk; vq;Fyg; ngUik vq;fZe; Jyq;f kPl;nlLj;jpq;Nf
ehl;btpl;NlhNu." “
nghjpifr;rpj;ju;.
mjpfhukhd Ntjg;ghu;g;gdpaj;NjhL tlY}upd; Qhdts;sy; *milahs ,af;fk;:
cq;fhd irtg;Gypfs; rq;fkpg;gpd; nka;fhz; KiwNa vd; Qhdj;Njl;l kPl;LUthf;fKk; rPu;jpUj;jKk;:
fl;baq; $wNy mfuKjy;tdpd; newpapay;. vjpupapd; %ygyj;ijNa
'jkpo; ,e;J"r; rPjNgjp thu;j;ijg; Fwp ,yf;fhfj; jhf;fpj; jfu;g;ghf;fk; milahs ,af;f
Nghf;F. Qh.FUrhkpapd; fl;Liuia epfo;j;JtNj nghjpifr; r pj; j u;
'fhf;ifr;rpwfpdpNy" ntspapl;lNj-
'%d;whk; ntsp"apy; kugpd;
<Nuhl;Lg; ghriwapy; fw;Wj; Nju;e;j 'ePu;kepiyf; Fwpg;ghd;"
mJTk; fhj;jpukhd gh.nrag;gpufhrk; Nghu;Kiw.
- f.neLQ;nropadhu; epidNte;jw; nray;ghL - kPshf;fk;
'fUizapy; Ml;rp fLfp gpd;idf;fhydpar; rpe;jidahsu;fs;
gd;Kf Mtzg; ngWNgwhd xopnfdf; filapid tpupj;j tlY}
rpwg;gpjopy; R+upaf; fUk;Gs;spahff; milahs ,af;fq;fspd; ntspia
uhUk; fWg;GQ; rptg;Gk; ntFspg; '%d;whk; ntsp" (‘Third Space’) vd
fz;ldj;jpw;F cupaNj. nghUnsdf; fyfq;fs; tFj;j
irtj;ij tpOq;fg; ghu;f;Fk; tiuaWg;gjhf N`hkpghghtpd;
<Nuhl;lhUk; vq;Fyg; ngUik fUj;jhf;fj;ij vLj;Jiug;ghu;
Rkhu;j;jg; ghu;g;gdpaf; fl;ltpo;g;igAk;; vq;fZe; Jyq;f kPl;nlLj;jpq;Nf
jkpofr;rkaq;fisAk;> tlY}upd; e.Kj;JNkhfd; (Kjy;ntsp KjyPl;ba
ehl;btpl;NlhNu." rdehafj; jhuhsthj ,af;fntsp;
mUl;ngUQ;NrhjpiaAk; jtkiwe;Nj nghjpifr;rpj;ju;.
Gl;rpkpo;f;Fk; Cud; mbfs; ,uz;lhk;ntsp nghJTilik
mbg;gil thjq;fs; tu;f;f ,af;f ntsp)
Ngud;fs; nghs;shr;rp kfhypq;fg; vjpnujpuha;g; nghUjhYk;
gpwq;filfshy; fgsPfuk; nra;a kPl;LUthf;fk;> rPu;jpUj;jk;
me;juq;fj;Js; jk;Ks; ifNfhf;Fk;. vd;wpU jpirtopfspy; xNu Neuj;jpy;
kbjw;W Ke;JWk; ,e;Jj;Jtg;ghu;g;gdpa Ntjk; VUOk; igaDk;
Mf;Nlhg]; fl;ltpo;g;GfSk; ,dpj; ,aq;fyhFk; mbg;gil ,af;fq;fs;
thrpf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;f vt;thW mtw;iwf; ifahs
njhlUk;. Ntz;Lk; vd;wtu; rPfd;ghy;f;.
xd;Nw xd;iw kl;Lk; Neu;fpd;wJ vd;gijg; nghWj;Nj
khwhf>Ntjg;Gj;jfk; ePrg; giwadhy; gioikiaNah>GJikiaNah
typAWj;jpr; Rl;bf;fhl;b ,jid jPz;lg;glf; $lhnjdTk;; gw;WWjp
Kbf;fpd;Nwd;. Qh.FUrhkp fl;Liuapy; rhu;e;jdthjy; $Lnkd;ghutu;.
kl;Lk; NghjhJ ehtyu; ghzpapy; ,j;jF Gupjy;fSld; ,dp
M.eh. fl;likf;Fk; Mfkr;irt fpupiafSk; mtrpak; vd
mkyhf;f Kiwapaiyj; jhd; VyNt MWKfehtyu;> 'kNdhd;kzpak;"
typAWj;jpatNu tPukhKdptUq; $l. Re;judhu;> mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bju;>
,q;Nf rq;fp ,e;Jj;Jtg; gupghydkhff; (Mjhuk; :rr;rpjhde;jk; Rfpu;juh[h
ifahz;L tuyhfpd;wJ. ,uhkypq;f ts;syhu;> ngupahu;>
fl;Liu-fhyr;RtL: 272 - Mf. 2022) midtUk; kuig vt;ntt;thW
',e;jpaf; Fbik mikg;Gfs; '`pe;J kjj;jpy GwtopNa
rdhjdj;ij mbg;gilahff; ifahz;ldu; vdf;fhz;Nghk;:
ek;ks; mdhj nud;d Nghy; rQ;rupr;R 'INuhg;gpa etPdj;Jtj;jpd;
nfhz;Nl fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,ijj; fpwp];J kjj;jpd; GwtopNa ek;ks;
jfu;g;gjw;Nf rdhjd itjpf xU $whfNt gjpg;Gk;> E}y;
mdhj nud;dNghy; rQ;rupr;R gutyhf; f Kk; > mjidnahl; b a
kugpw;F khw;whf mitjpf kugpy; ,e;J kjj;jpd; GwtopNa
Gj;ju;> mk;Ngj;fu;> mNahj;jpjhru;> E}y;gapy; KiwAk; cUg;ngw;wJ.
Vjpyp NghyNt ehkyQ;Nrhk; gpd;du; ,jd; topNa Njrpak; vd;w
njhy;.jpUkh tstd; Nghd;w rka> VR kjj;jpd; GwtopNa
jj;Jt> murpay; Nkijfs; tuyhW fUj;Jk; jpus;tbtk; nfhz;lJ.
Vjpyp NghyNt ehkyQ;Nrhk;". -fh. ,utpr;re;jpud;('Gwdil"-
neLfpYk; vjpu;r;nrhy;yhly;fis ngha;ifapy; mg;gr;rd;
cUthf;Ffpwhu;fs;. [d.2012)
- uNk\; gpNujd; gjpg;gurpaiyg; NgRKfkhfj;
47 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
jiyg;gl;lNghNj m.khu;f;];> ghisaq;Nfhl;il> J}j;Jf;Fb ,af;fk;" milahs cUthf;fj;jpy;

nghNty;rhkp ',uz;lhapukhz;L Mfpa ,lq;fspy; irtrigfs; ,Ue;j kjg;gupkhzj;ijg;
,yf;fpak; ahTk; ,q;Nf ghu;g;gd njhlq;fg; ngw;wd. ,Nj Neuj;jpy; gpd;Df;Fj; js;sptpl;Lj; jpuhtpl
nts;shsf; fUj;jpaNy" vd;Dq; jhd; Ntjky;yhj kuGfis milahsj;ij vy;yhj; jkpou;fSf;Fk;
fUj;jhf;fj;ij Kd;itj;jdu;. Kd;dpWj;jp> gpuhkz vjpu;g;Gld; ,d;Dk; gue;Jgl;lmstpy; vy;yhj;
mz;ikapy; 5.10.2022 jho;j;jg;gl;Nlhu; jiytuhd njd;dpe;jpau;fSf;Fk; Kd;epWj;jpaJ.
,uhkypq;fu; mfit ehsd;W mNahj;jpjhrg;gz;bju; 'jpuhtpl" ,e;jj; jpuhtpl milahs
Nguh.m.khu;f;]; ,l;Ls;s gjptpy; vd;w nrhy;iy r%f murpay;jsj;jpy; cUthf;fj;jpd; ntw;wpfukhd>
mtUila ,uhkypq;fu; Fwpj;j Ke;ija typikahf Kd;itj;jhu;. nefpo;thd xU Fwpg;ghd; (yf;yt;)
Nehf;fpy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;Ls;sij jpuhtpl ghz;bad; vd;w MdJ.
Gj;ju;> fhe;jpahu; cld; ts;syhiuAk; ,jio 1886 ,y; njhlq;fp> [hd; gpuhkz vjpu;g;Gk; ngupahupd;
mfg;gLj;jp 'kjq;fle;j Md;kpfk;" ,uj;jpdk; mbfshiu mjd;
nray;ghLfshy; jPtpug;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
vd;w gjpT czu;j;Jfpd;wJ. kfpo;r;rp. Mrpupauhf;fpdhu;. mjid mLj;J fhq;fpu]; vjpu;g;ig Kd;itj;jjhy;
'MWKf ehtyu; vd;w jkpo;r;irt Kd;Ndhbfspy; xUtUk;> ngupahu; jkpo; milahs ,af;fj;jpw;F
irtmwpQu; ,yq;ifapy; fhydpMjpf;fk; jpUtde;jGuk; irtg;gpufhr murpay; gupkhzj;ijj; jUfpwhu;.
kw;Wk; fpwpj;J kjg;gug;gYf;F rigapidj; njhlq;fpatUk;> jj;Jtg; fPopUe;J cUthFk; ,e;j
vjpuhf aho;g;ghzj; jkpoupilNa NguhrpupaUkhd kNdhd;kzpak; milahsj;ijj; Njrpamstpy; lhf;lu;
xUq;fpizj;j jkpou; milahsNk Re;juk;gps;is r%f murpay; mk;Ngj;fu; $u;ikg;gLj;Jfpwhu;.
tuyhw;why; Ke;jpaJ"- jsj;jpy; Mupak;. jpuhtplk; vd;w -e.Kj;JNkhfd;
e.Kj;JNkhfd; vjpu;tpid Kd;itj;jNjhL; kDePjp 'ehtyu; NkypUe;J njhlq;fp
('milahs. cUthf;fKk; milahs jpUf;Fws; vd;w rhj;jpu vjpu;tpidAk;
mbj;jskf;fis me;epag;gLj;jp>
NtWghLfSk;"- FUehdf; Ma;T ntspg;gilahf Kd;itj;jhu;. irtj;ij Mfkr;irtkhff;
tl;l ntspaPL> kJiu gy;fiy) ,jw;fpilapy; ngsj;jkjj;jpd; FWf;fpf; nfhs;s> ts;syhu; mjid
'itjpfkakhf;fypy; KOikAk; gf;fk; rhu;e;J> nrd;id kfhNghjp tpupj;Jr; nry;fpwhu;. jkpo; milahs
ftdk; nfhz;bUe;j ehtyu; itjpfNk rigapy; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j cUthf;fj;jpy; ,uhkypq;fu; xU
jq;fsJ kungdf; mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bju; jpUf;Fwisg; kilkhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpwhu;.
nfhz;L> mjw;F khw;whf ,Ue;j ngsj;jj;ij kjr;rhu;NghL tpsf;fj; - e.Kj;JNkhfd;
vijAk; Vw;f kWj;jhu;. ,J cz;ik njhlq;fpdhu;. (jkpopdp K.R.,jo;)
kuig czUjypd;wp ,ilapy; Eioe;j kWGwj;jpNy: 'MupauhNy ,e;jpahtpy; ts;syhu; mUspaJ khw;Wepiy.
xd;wpid kughff; iff;nfhz;l tpf;fpufhuhjid jbg;Gf; nfhz;lJ vjpu;g;G vjpu;g;gpid tsu;f;Fk;;
Kay;T vd;gjid czuhky; khj;jpuky;y> ,e;Jf;fSf;Fs; khw;W xUehs; ,y;iy vd;whYk;
EioitNa kughff; nfhz;likahy; rJu;tu;z Ngjq;fSk; gQ;rkUf;Fs; rpe;jidia Cf;Fk;; cau;it
Vw;gl;l tpisthFk;. ngupahUk; ,ij njhz;Z}w;W rhjp tpfw;gq;fSk; mspf;Fk;. cs;sij mopf;fhky;
xl;bNa kuG vd;Dk; nrhy;iyNa cw;gj;jpahfpd. ,j;ahjp Ntjq;fSf;F mjd;kPJ fl;lg;ngw;w ngUnewp
ntWj;jhnudyhk;."- n[.muq;fuh[d; fhuzG+juhapUe;jtu; MupaNu." N[hjp topghl;L newp.
( Gjpa Muha;r;rp: 3 et-2009) vd;Wk; vOjpr; nry;fpwhu;." -,uhk. ,URg;gps;is(ts;syhu;
'Ntjj;jpd; cau;Tk; tlnkhop njh.gukrptd; (topj;jlq;fs;) tho;Tk; thf;Fk;)
cau;Tk; cau;j;jpg; gpbf;fg;ngw;wd. n[.muq;fuh[d; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk;>
Njrpa rk];fpUj ,af;fk; vd;w 'jkpo;r; irt milahsj;jpw;Fk;> 'cz;ikkugpid czUjypd;wp
xd;Wk; gpuk;kQhd rigahuhy; jkpo;g; ngsj;j milahsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; Eioe;j xd;wpid kughff;
njhlq;fg;ngw;wJ. gpuhkzpa ,ilNa ,Ue;j Kuz;> ngupahu; nfhz;lKay;T" vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk;;
eyd;fisg; gpujpgypj;j ,r;rigahUf;F jkpof murpaypy; Eioe;jNghJ mtutu; kPl;ghf;fk; Fwpj;Jk; ,dpf;
vjpuhff; irtu;fs; fpsu;e;J vOe;jdu;. rkurkhfpwJ. ngupahupd; 'Rakupahij fhz;Nghk;.
'jkpo;r; irt milahsj;jpw;Fk;> jkpo;g; ngsj;j jkpoilahs kPl;G:
milahsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa ,Ue;j Kuz;> ngupahu; ehtyupd; Mfkr;irt
jkpof murpaypy; Eioe;jNghJ rkurkhfpwJ. ngupahupd; kPl;ghf;fKk;; ts;syhupd;
'Rakupahij ,af;fk;" milahs cUthf;fj;jpy; Mjpj;jkpow kPl;ghf;fKk;
,Ue;j kjg;gupkhzj;ijg; gpd;Df;Fj; js;sptpl;Lj; 'milahs ,af;fq;fs; kuigAk;
jpuhtpl milahsj;ij vy;yhj; jkpou;fSf;Fk; ,d;Dk; tuyhw;iwAk; Kf;fpa ciufw;fshfr;
gue;Jgl;lmstpy; vy;yhj; njd;dpe;jpau;fSf;Fk; Rl;Lfpd;wd vd;gJ jtpu> jkJ kuG
Kd;epWj;jpaJ. ,e;jj; jpuhtpl milahs cUthf;fj;jpd; Fwpj;j jpl;lkhd jpl;ltl;lkhd>
ntw;wpfukhd> nefpo;thd xU Fwpg;ghd; (yf;yt;) MdJ. Kbe;j xU kjpg;gPL mtw;wplk;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 48
xU NjlyhfNt mikfpwJ. kuG vjpuhd xU fyfg;gpujpahfNt ngupahu; fwhuhfTk; kpff;fLikahfTk;

,t;tifapy; jputepiyapYs;s fz;Lgpbj;j NghJ> jkpo; kWkyu;r;rp fl;likf;f Kad;w nry;newpapid-
xU Fwpg;ghdhfr; (fluid signifier) ,af;fj;jpw;Fj; jpUf;Fwspd; gq;fspg;G 'gpA+upw;wzpak;" vd;ghu; rptj;jk;gp.
nray;gLfpwJ vdyhk;. kuGk; tuyhWk; ngupa mstpy; Ngha;r;Nru;e;jJ." ,j;jF 'fLe;J}a;ikthjk;"
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; kWthrpg;gpw;Fupa> - f.gQ;rhq;fk; (fhf;ifr; rpwfpdpNy- xUtifahd 'mbg;gilthjk;"
kWkjpg;gPl;bw;Fupa> kWnghUz;ik R+d; -2014) vd;ghu; jp.R.eluhrd;
Mf;fj;jpw;Fupa jpwe;j Gj;jq;fshfNt jpUf;Fwisj; 'jpupf;Fw" ,j;jF Nkyhjpf;f 'newp
mikfpd;wd. nsdr;Rl;b mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bju; fl;ba" 'gf;fthjk; gPbj;j"
- e.Kj;JNkhfd; ngsj;j Nehf;fpy; tpupthfg; nghUs; mtupd; 'fhkhiyf; fz;fSf;F"f;
(GjpaMuha;r;rp : 3-Vg;. 2009) nfhz;ljid mtu; fhyj;jpa fz;zfp 'rkzr;nrl;br;rp" MftTe;
,jid nly;A]pd; jypj; murpay; nray;ghL vd;ghu; 'Jl;lNjtij" MfTNk njd;gl;lhu;.
'kPs;tuypay;" (Repetition) uh[;nfsjkd; ts;syhupd; 'mUl;gh" 'kUl;gh"
fUj;jhf;fj;NjhLk; xg;gpl;Lf; fhz;gu;. (jkpopdp> nrg;.2010) MfNt njd;gl;lJ. mUq;fiyahd
n[.muq;fuh[d;>'cz;ik ',uhkfpU\;ziug; njUf;$j;J Kjyhd ehl;lhu;
kugpid czUjypd;wp ,ilapy; Nghw;Wfpd;w jkpoNd! ,uhkypq;fu; ve;j fiyfSk;> Nfhapw;fiyfSk; $l
Eioe;jxd;wpid kughff; tpjj;jpy; jho;e;jtu;?"- <.nt.uhkrhkp Nftykhditahff; fhl;rp mspj;jd.
iff;nfhz;l Kay;T" vd;gJ (Fb muR- 1-5- 1948) vdg;Nghw;wp mbj;js tpspk;G kf;fs; Gd;ikj;
mtutiug; nghWj;jtiuapYk; ts;syhupd; Mwhe;jpUKiwia Njiufsha;> GO G+r;rpfshfNt
vt;ntt;thW mike;jpay;fpd;wJ Nkyjpfg;gbfs; Fiwe;j tpiyapy; epoyhb epd;wdu;.
vdf; fhz;Nghk;: ntspapl;lNjhL mj;njhlu;gpy; Nrhlh ghl;by; vLg;Ngd;
MWKf ehtyiug; nghWj;j 'Fb murp "y; njhlu;e;J gug;GiuAk; vd;whNu ek; fhy [Pau; > mtiuAk;
tiuapy; Mfkr; irtj;ij Kd;ndLj;jhu;. tpQ;Rk;gb ngupa Guhzj;ijg;
Muj;jOtp Ke;ija jkpow khz;ig milahs ,af;fq;fs; gopj;jhnudj; jk; jikadhiuNa
czukhl;lhik vd;gjhFk;. kPl;LUthf;fk;> rPu;jpUj;jk; vd;w ntl;lj;Jzpe;j kjntwpaNu
m.khu;f;i]g; nghWj;jtiuf; ,uz;L jpirtopfspy; xNu Neuj;jpy; mtu;. ,j;jF irtNkyhz;ikf;
Fwswkuig czu;jypd;wp gazpf;fpd;wd mtw;iw ve;nje;j FzNk ts;syhUldhd Kuzpd;
,ilapy; Eioe;j gupNkyofiu mstpw;F GJik Nehf;fpNyh> jhf;fnkdyhk; vd;ghu; n[.
topnkhopjyhFk;. goikNehf;fpNyh mit ifahs;fpd;wd muq;fuh[d;.
,uhkypq;f Md;kNeaj;jpd; rpj;j vd;gijg; nghWj;Nj mtw;iwg;gw;wpj; ts;syhupd; kPl;ghf;fk;
kughd Mwhe;jpUKiwapd; jj;JthjPj jPu;khdpf;f ,aYk;. Fwpj;J kPskPs vLj;Jiuj;jhapw;W.
ntl;lntspia cznuhzhky; jkpoilahs kPl;ghf;fj;jpy; mtuJ kuig kWj;jiy vku;rd;>
Ke;ija ma;e;jpUKiwfis kl;LNk Kjyhktu;; trdeil ifte;j ePl;NriaAk; tpl Ntfkhd tupfspy;
mtu;kungdg; gpwo;jpupghf czu;e;jpl ty;yhsu;> xU gpiof;F xU rhb ts;syhu; vOJtJ Fwpj;J
Neu;e;jjhFk;. nghw;fhnrd miw$tpg; gjpg;gpj;j cyfkfh rpe;jidahsu;fSld;
ngupahiug;nghWj;jtiuapy; nrk;gjpg;ghsu;> jkpo;g;gjpg;G %tupy; xg;gpl;L vLj;Jiug;ghu; ,uh.
Muk;gj;jpytu; gupNkofu; Kjyhktu; vd;nwyhk; Nghw;wg; Fg;Grhkp. (jkpopdp- gpg; -2009):
tpsf;fj;ijNa Fwl;fUj;jhff; ngw;wtNu MWKfehtyu;. jkpopy; vOjg;gl;ljhNyNa
fUjpf; fz;ldk; Gupe;jpUg;gpDk; mjpaw;Gjkhd gjpg;Gfs; ftdpf;fg;glhky; Nghd Ju;g;ghf;fpa
gh.Nt. khzpf;fehaf;fu;>ehtyu; Jujpu;\;l;l trkhf vy;yhNk irt rhyp mtu;. Mdhy; cz;ik NtW.
NrhkRe;ju ghujpahu; njhlu;ghy; E}y;fs;. njhy;fhg;gpak; (nrhy;)> mtu; ntWk; guNjrpay;yu;. cyfpy;
FwsUik czuyhapdhu;: ed;D}y; ,g;gbahd. rpynghJE} ve;jr; rpe;jidahsDf;Fk; mUNf
'fPijia vwpe;Jtpl;L y;fisj;jtpu. - fhu;j;jpNfR rptj;jk;gp mku;e;J ciuahLk; Mw;wy; mtUf;F
cz;ikj; jpuhtpluhd jpUts;Stupd; ('Gjpafhw;W"- Mf.2007) cz;L.
Fwis midtUk; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;" 'gurkaf; Nfhsup" vdg;gl;l murpay; tpyq;Ffis
(Fb muR-1-5-1948) Qhdrk;ge;jiug; NghyNt> gpwrkaf; cilj;jtd; &N]h.
'ahNuDk; eP vd;d kjk; 'fz;ldr; rz;lkhUjkhfp"epd;wtu;. nghUshjhuj; jisfis
vd;why; Fws;kjk; vd;W nrhy;Yq;fs;. vdNt fyhepjp rptj;jk;gp $Wkhg;Nghy; ePf;fpatu; khu;f;];.
kDjUkj;jpw;F cz;ikahd kWg;GE} 'Jujpu;\;l;ltrkhf" vd;wy;yhky; mtw;Wld; Md;kpfj
y; jpUf;FwNsahFk;." mtUf;Nf ,\;lNkahd Mfkr;irt jisfisAk; xopj;J kdpjd;,iwepiy
--<.nt.uhkrhkp (ngupahu; rpe;jidfs;) mbg;gilthj kPl;GNehf;fpNyNa mtu; thywpT ngw topfhl;batu;
'ngupahu; jkpo; kWkyu;r;rp ,af;fj;jpd; gjpg;Gg;ggzp ikaq; nfhz;bUe;jJ ,uhkypq;fu;. ,e;j cz;ikia
J}zhf tpsq;fpa jpUf;Fwisg; vdyhk;. cyfk; czUk; fhyk; tUk;." -
Nghw;wpdhu;. jd; fyfr; nray;ghl;bw;F ehtyupd; Mfkr;irt kPl;ghf;fk; ,uh.Fg;Grhkp (jkpopdp - Mf.2009)
Vw;wthW jpUf;FwisAk; Mjpf;fj;jpw;F 'nge;NjhNfh];Nj" ghzpapy;
49 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
cUl;Lk; g[ul;Lk;
Kj;jpiu bghwpf;Fk;
Dumbsq
n$hq$; ,/
xU r:Kfk; Kl;lhs;fis Ltija[k; mwpe;J bfhs;shky;. ,';nf fdoa jghy;
kl;Lnk bfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jhy;. jiya';fr; bra;jpia ek;gp epWtdk; eP';fs; tpUk;gpa
mij Vkhw;wpg; gpiHg;gjpy; #,e;jh ghq. cyfj;ijna gl';fis Kj;jpiufspy;
mnahf;fpaqfSf;F ve;jr; jpUk;gpg; ghqf;f itf;Fk; jkpHd; mr;rpLtjw;F tHp bra;jpUf;fpwJ/
rpf;fYk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy/ g[ypapd; bgUikia* vd;W ng!;g[f;fpy; fdoaqfs; j';fs; bgw;nwhq.
ntl;ilapy; kp";rpaijj; jpd;Dk; gfpqe;J ,d;g[Wk; ,e;j Kl;lhs; nguq gl';fisa[k; tsqg;g[g;
fGijg; g[ypfs; nghyt[k;. Tl;lk;/ gpuhzpfspd; gl';fisa[k;.
mGfpaijj; jpd;Dk; fhf';fs; btspehLfspy; bghUl; gpwe;j ehSf;F FHe;ijspd;
nghyt[k;. me;j mnahf;fpaqfis fis tpahghuk; bra;a[k; gl';fisa[k; mr;rpl;L
ek;gpg; gpiHg;g[ elj;Jk; ,ilj; bgUepWtd';fs;. mtw;iw kfpH;fpwhqfs;/
jufqfs; jhd; ,e;j Vkhw;W c';fSf;nf jdpj;Jtkhdjhf tpLthqfsh ahH;g;ghzp
tpahghuk; j';Fjilapd;wp customize gz;z tHp mnahf;fpaqfs;?
elg;gjw;F Jiz nghfpwtqfs;/ gz;zpapUg;ghqfs;/ g[yd; bgaq
v';fs; g[yd; mjw;F nkyjpf bryt[ ahH;g;ghzpfSf;Fg; gpoj;jkhd.
bgaqe;j ahH;g;ghzp <Hr; MFk;/ mt;tst[ jhd;/ g[ypthypy; ,d;iwf;Fk;
r:Kfj;jpy; Vkhw;Wg;gpiHg;g[ rg;ghj;J th';Fk; nghJ. bjh';Fk; murpay; jiytqfspd;
mnahf;fpaqfspd; ,ilj; eP';fs; tpUk;gpa glj;ij mjpy; gl';fis mr;rpLtpj;J. fdoa
jufqfshf ,Ug;gtqfs; gjpg;gpf;fyhk;/ clnd. g[yp muR mtqfSf;F Kj;jpiu
,e;j Clftpayhsqfs; glj;ij mjpy; nghl;L gjpg;gpj;J. btspapl;ljhf tpHh itj;jhqfs;/
vdg;gLk; xl;Lz;zpfs;/ ng!;g[f;fpy; nghl. g[ypfSf;F Clftpayhsqfs; nkil
mnahf;fpaqfspd; bgha;fSf;F rg;ghj;Jf; fk;gdp m';fPfhuk; nawp g[fHhuk; Nodhqfs;/
cg;g[g; g[sp tpl;L. Kj;jpiu tH';fpajhf ahH;g;ghzpfs; Kw;gf;fr; bra;jp nghl;lhqfs;/
Fj;jp tpw;Fk; gzpiar; bra;J bgUiknahL gfpqe;J ,e;jr; bra;jpfis Cupy;
bfhz;oUg;ghqfs;/ fpilf;Fk; bfhs;thqfs;/ ,Ug;gtqfSk; ek;gp m';nf
me;j tpsk;gug;gzj;jpw;fhf> mLj;J fdlh g[ypfspd; bra;jp btspapLthqfs;/
Kw;gf;fj; jiyg;g[r; kPjhd jilia ePf;Fk; vd;W gpughfuDf;F fdoa muR
bra;jp tpsk;gukhfnt ,Uf;Fk; g[y;yupg;ghqfs;/ Kj;jpiu btspapl;lJ>
vd;gjhy;. mnahf;fpaqfSk; tp!;fpg; nghj;jypy; g[ypg; glk;/ jkpHpdj;jpw;F fpilj;j
jufqfSf;F rpy;yiwfis fpwol; fhl;Lfspy; gpughfud; m';fPfhukhf murpay; mtjhdpfs;
tPRthqfs;/ gl';fnshL glk;/ fUJfpwhqfs;/
nghl;Lk;. ngl;ofs; vLj;Jk;.
mnahf;fpaqfSf;Fr; r:Kf mnahf;fpaqfSf;Fk; Kl;lhs; Fkhq bghd;dk;gyj;Jf;F fdoa
me;j!;J njof; bfhLg;gtqfs; fSf;Fk; xnu nghl;o jhd;/ muR Kj;jpiu btspapl;lJ/
,e;j Clftpayhsqfs; jhd;/ mLj;J kyug; nghtJ vtUf;Fnk ,J ve;j
jh';fs; Vkhw;wg;g jkpHPHk; jhd; vd;w epidg;gpy;> Kl;lhSk; bra;af; ToaJ vd;W
g[upat[k; ,y;iy/
v';fs; g[yd; bgaqe;j ahH;g;ghzp <Hr; r:Kfj;jpy; ahUk; brhy;yt[k; ,y;iy/
Vkhw;Wg;gpiHg;g[ mnahf;fpaqfspd; ,ilj; jufqfshf Vbddpy; ,e;j Kl;lhs;fSf;F
,Ug;gtqfs; ,e;j Clftpayhsqfs; vdg;gLk; g[j;jp te;J tplf; TlhJ vd;gjpy;
xl;Lz;zpfs;/ mnahf;fpaqfspd; bgha;fSf;F ,e;j mnahf;fpaqfs; kpft[k;
cg;g[g; g[sp tpl;L. Kj;jpiu Fj;jp tpw;Fk; gzpiar; ftdkhfnt ,Uf;fpwhqfs;/
bra;J bfhz;oUg;ghqfs;/ fpilf;Fk; me;j ,g;nghJ g[upfpwjh. ,e;j
tpsk;gug;gzj;jpw;fhf> ,dk; Vd; Ks;sptha;f;fhypy;
kz; ft;tpaJ vd;W?
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 50
filj;bjUt[k;
fj;jy; ngr;Rk;
g{';nfhij
vg;NghjhtJ xU Kiw tPl;by;r; eilngWk;. fz;zhbg; ngl;bfspy;> ,e;j 'rk;gy;" cztfk;
rikf;fhJ> ntspapypUe;J czT thbf;ifahsu;fs; ,q;fpyhe;jpd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy;
ghu;j;J>
vLg;gij vd;d jhd; jtpu;f;f thq;ff;$ba tifapy; ,yq;if mike;jpUg;gNjhL> mtu;fsJ
Kad;whYk; mJ vd;dNth czTg;gz;lq;fs; czT XusT jukhdJ vd;gJ vd;
midj;Jk;
Kbtjpy;iy. igad;fs; ,UtUk; mgpg;gpuhak;. thbf;ifahsu;fs;
itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mj;NjhL jdpahf
vd;id tpl ed;whfr; rikg;gjhy; ,bag;gk;> gpl;L> nrhjp> rk;gYk;vg;NghJk; mq;F tupirapy; epd;W
mtu;fSk; vg;NghjhtJ jhd; jkf;F ,Ug;gjhy;> vdJ Njitia mJ nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;. Nfhtpl;
“
tpUg;gkhd czT tiffis> epiwT nra;tjha; ,Uf;Fk;. njhw;Wf;fhyj;jpy; mtu;fs; %d;W
ntsp cztfq;fspypUe;J thq;FtJ thbf;ifahsu;fs; kl;LNk cs;Ns
toik. ,g;NghJ jhd; vy;yhk; tPL tuyhk; vd vOjp> Kd; fz;zhbf;
Njb tUkhw; Nghy; ,Uf;fpwNj. gy vdf;F rupahf Kd;Nd fjtpy; xl;b itj;jpUe;jdu;. Mdhy;
ehl;L czTfSk; te;J NrUk;. epd;wtu; rpwpJ tajhd me;j cztfj;jpd; tbtikg;gpw;F
vdf;F khkprk; jtpu;e;j ve;j fWg;gpd kdpju;. ntspNa %d;W my;yJ ehd;F thbf;ifahsu;fs;
czTk; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. vd;d epd;wgb fz;zhbf; epw;gJ jhd; vg;NghJk; rupahf
,Ue;jhYk; vkJ NjhiriaAk; fjTfspD}Nl njupe;j ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ vd; vz;zk;.
rk;giyAk; ve;j czTk; <L nra;a czTfis tise;Jk;> mjdhy; Nkyjpf
KbahJ vd;gJ vd; kpf Mzpj;jukhd nespe;Jk;> epkpu;e;Jk; vd;W thbf; i fahsu; f s; cs; N s epw; gtu;fs;
fUj;J. mj;NjhL ehd; kdJ itj;Jj; kpff; ftdkhfg; ghu;j;J> tUk; tiu ntspNa epw; g hu;fs;.
jahupf;Fk; czTfspy; mJTk; xd;W jd; kdjpy; Fwpg;ngLj;Jf; xU ehs; ehd; mq; F NghdNghJ>
vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj; jf;fJ. Mdhy;
mJ jtpu;e;j vkJ czT tiffs;
nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ,ilapilNa Vw; fdNt. ntspNa
epd;wpUe;jdu;. ehDk; mtu;fNshL
,Utu;
vd;why; vdf;nfd;dNth ehNd kpf nkJthf VNjh ,ize;J nfhz;Nld;.

Ngha;> vdf;Fg; gpbj;jijg; ghu;j;J nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhu;. vdf;F rupahf Kd;Nd
thq;FtJ jhd; rupahf ,Uf;Fk;. vdf;Fg; ngupjhf vJTk; epd;wtu; rpwpJ tajhd fWg;gpd
mg;gb thq;f Neupl;lhy; Nfl;ftpy;iy. vd;idj; kdpju;. ntspNa epd;wgb
ehd; kfpo;Tld;> 'rk;gy;" vd jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;J Gd;difj;jhu;. fz;zhbf; fjTfspD}Nl njupe;j
miof;fg;gLk; xU ,yq;ifau;fspd;
cztfj;ij Njbg; NghNtd;.
mq;F czT tpdpNahfk; kl;Lk;jhd;
“
gjpy; Gd;difiathq;fpf;
nfhz;lhu;.
czTfis tise;Jk;> nespe;Jk;>
epkpu;e;Jk; vd;W kpff; ftdkhfg;
ghu;j;J> jd; kdjpy; Fwpg;ngLj;Jf;
51 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
nfhz;bUe;j fWg;G ,dj;jtUf;F

nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ,ilapilNa Kjpu; ,isQu; xUtu; ahiuNah cztfj;jpd; cs;Ns NghFk;
kpf nkJthf VNjh nrhy;ypf; jkpopy; ghrkha;j; jpl;bagbNa te;J RgNtis te;jJ. mtu; vd;idj;
nfhz;lhu;. vdf;Fg; ngupjhf Nru;e;jhu;. jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;J> jhd; NghtJk;
vJTk; Nfl;ftpy;iy. vd;idj; mtUf;F ,J xU filj;njU tUtJkha; te;J tpLNtd;> ftiyg;gl
jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;J Gd;difj;jhu;. gjpy; vd;gNjh> thbf;ifahsu;fspy; Ntz;lhk; vd;W ehd; Nfl;fhkNy
Gd;difiathq;fpf; nfhz;lhu;. jkpou;fSk; ,t;Tztfj;jpy; vdf;Fr; nrhd;dgb cs;Ns Nghdhu;.
vd;id kiwj;jgb> Fiwe;jJ mjpfkhf ,Uf;ff;$Lk; vd;gNjh vkJ njhiyNgrpg;
MW mb cauj;jpy; me;j kdpju; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ Nghy> gpuKfu;> jd; fye;Jiuahliy
,Ue;jjhy;> Kjypy; mtu; jd; fhJfspy; njhiyNgrp ,y;yhkNy mtu; kidtp rpy tpdhbfSf;F epWj;jp tpl;L
itj;jpUe;j ',au; /Nghd;fs" (ear my;yJ fhjypf;F Nfl;Fk;gb vd;idg; ghu;j;J> 'vd;dthk; mtu;?
phones) rpyepkplq;fspd; gpd;dNu NgrpagbNa vk;NkhL te;J tupirapy; VJk; Nrl;ilNah?" vd;wij ehd;
vd; fz;fSf;Fj; njd;gl;ld. ,ize;J nfhz;lhu;. vdf;F NfshjJ Nghy; epd;wjpy;
mtu; jhd; ghu;f;Fk; czTfisg; 'vd;dJ? cSe;J vd;idf; fhg;ghw;wpa ngUikNahL
gw;wp ahUf;Nfh Neub tu;ziz tilNah...k;k;k; Ntw ? NkhjfNkh? jd; Nkilg; Ngr;irj; njhlu;e;jhu;.
nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJ Gupe;jJ. Vdb mk;kh> mij tPl;by nra;a ,ilapilNa 'vdf;Fj;
,ilapilNa jd; gyj;j rpupg;ig khl;bNah?" njupAk; eP nfl;bf;fhupab!" vd;W
mlf;fpf; nfhs;sr; rpukg;gl;Lf; mtu; rk;gh\iz njhlu;e;jJ. nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhu;.
nfhs;tJ> vd;idr; rpupf;f itj;jJ. mtuJ Fuy; fhjpy; Neubahfg; mtu;fs; FLk;g tptfhuk;
mg;gb vkJ czitg; gw;wp rpupg;G gha;e;jjpy;> ehd; me;j tupiria ,g;NghJ XusTf;F me;j cztfj;J
tUk;gb vd;djhd; nrhy;YfpwhNuh tpl;L ntspNa js;sp epd;wthW> Ntiyahl;fSf;Fk; vdf;Fk; cs;Ns
vd;W vz;zpg; ghu;j;jjpy; mtu; mNj Ntisapy; vd; ,lj;ij ahUk; ntspNa epd;wtu;fSf;Fk; tpgukhfj;
rpupf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; vdf;Fk; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;shjthW xU muz; njupe;jpUf;f> ehd; cs;Ns NghFk;
jhd; rpupg;G te;jJ. mikj;Jf; nfhz;L> xyp ngUf;fpia Ntis te;jpUe;jJ.
mNj Ntisapy;> cs;Ns mg;gbNa tpOq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;ghu; jpBnud xU ehfuPf
epd;w %d;W khkdpju;fspy; xUtu; NghYk; vd vz;zpf; nfhz;Nld;. cilazpe;J kpff; fz;zpakhd
ntw;wpfukhfj; jdf;Fg; gpbj;jij gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; mtu; Njhw;wj;JlDk; cilAlDk; te;j
thq;fpf; nfhz;L Kfnky;yhk; fye;Jiuahbf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; xUtu; vd;idf; fle;J cs;Ns
ntw;wpf;fisAk; rpupg;Gk; jhz;ltkhl> mbf;fb cztfj;jpd; Nghf Kide;jij ehd; gpukpg;Gld;
iffspy; czTg; igfSld; ntspNa cs;NsapUg;gtu;fs; ntspNa ghu;j;J> elg;gij czUk; Kd;Nd>
te;jhu;. ehd; mg;gb tu NeUk; NghJ> tUtjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfisf; kPz;Lk; vkJ njhiyNgrpg; gpuKfu;
me;jf; fjTfisj; jpwe;J itj;Jf; fz;zhy; mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f> Nkilf;F te;jhu;.
“
nfhs;s vd; iffs; Nghjhjhtplj;J> xUthW vd; Kd;Nd epd;W 'vd;d ePq;fs; jkpNoh?"
vd; KJFfs; mtw;iw ,d;ndhUtu; mjw;Fg; gjpy; fpilf;f Kd;Ng
tUk; tiu mtu;fSf;fhfg; gpbj;J jd; mLj;j Nfs;tpiaj; jkpopy;
itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. mNefkhdtu;fs; mtUf;F ,J xU filj;njU mdhahrkha; me;j fk;gPukhd
nra;git jhd;. Mdhy; mtUila vd;gNjh> thbf;ifahsu;fspy; kdpjiu Nehf;fp tPrpdhu;.
xU iffspy; kl;LNk igfs; jkpou;fSk; ,t;Tztfj;jpy; ',e;jg; gps;isAk; ehDk; ,q;f
,Ue;jtplj;jpYk; mtUf;F me;jf; epf;fpwJ ckf;Fj; njupNay;iyNah
fjit ntspNaapUe;J tUgtUf;fhf
mjpfkhf ,Uf;ff;$Lk;
vd; gNjh njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy my;yJ njupahj khjpup ebr;Rf;nfhz;L
gpbj;jpUf;f kdjpy;yhky; my;yJ cs;s NghwPNuh? ePu; cs;s Nghdhy;
mJ gw;wpa rpe;jid ,y;yhky; vd;gJ Nghy> njhiyNgrp ngupa gpur;rid tUk;!"
ntspNa epd;w vk;ikg; ghu;j;J> ,y;yhkNy mtu; kidtp mtUf;F nrhd;dgbNa>
jd; Kfj;ij ,lg;GwKk; tyg;GwKk; my;yJ fhjypf;F mNj njhdpapy; njhiyNgrpapy;>
,U jlitfs; Ml;b> jdf;F ,e;j Nfl; Fk;gb NgrpagbNa 'mJ ehd; ,q;f xUj;ju; fpA+it [k;g;
,aq;F Kiw gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;W vk;NkhL te;J tupirapy; gz;zg; ghu;f;fpwhu;> mtiu ehd;
Nrhfkhf> irifapy; njuptpj;jgb ,ize;J nfhz;lhu;. tpLtNd> eP nrhy;Y nry;yk;> gpwF
ntspNawpdhu;. 'vd;dJ? cSe;J vd;d ele;jJ?" $wpaJ cs;Ns
FspUk; kioAkhf ,Ue;j tilNah...k;k;k; Ntw ? Ngha;f; nfhz;bUe;j vdf;Fk;
fhy epiyapy; vg;NghJ cs;Ns NkhjfNkh? Vdb mk;kh> Nfl;lJ.
Nghfyhk; vdf; fhj;jgb mLj;jjhf
Nghf epd;wtu;> mtiu ,bj;jgb
cs;Ns Nghf> ,g;NghJ Gjpjhf>
“
mij tPl;by nra;a
khl;bNah?"
njhiyNgrpg; gpuKfuplk;
jhf;Fjiy vjpu; nfhz;ltu;> ntspNa
tupirapy; epw;f tpUk;ghJ tPjpiaf;
Ik;gj;ije;J mWgJ taJ kjpf;fj;jf;f fle;J Ngha;f; nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 52
kPl;fg;glh tPL
rp/jpyfh
je;ijapd; fbd ciog;gpy; cUthd tPL
md;idapd; rPjdk; nfhz;L cjpj;j tPL
fy;Yk; kz;Zk; nfhz;L fl;bajy;y ,t;tPL
md;Gk; ghrKk; fye;J xsptPrpa tPL
mwpTr; nry;tk; tope;Njhba md;G tPL
ghrNk cUthd md;idapd; milf;fy tPL
fy;tpapy; rhjpj;j je;ijapd; nrhe;j tPL
ehd;F cld;gpwg;Gfs; Xb tpisahba tPL
Ml;Lf;Fl;b Js;sp Xba ikjhdkhd tPL
eha;f;Fl;b ehy;tUld; Ituhd mUik tPL
NfhopfSk; $bf; Fyhtpa nry;y tPL
eifr;Rit mstpd;wpg; nghq;fpj; jJk;gpa tPL
ky;ypifg; ge;jy; ve;ehSk; kzk; tPRk;

Ky;iyAk; mg;ge;jypy; nkJtha; NjLk; Gfyplk;
khJisNah mupa Kj;Jf;fis ms;spj; jUk;
khkuq;fNsh ,dpa fdpfis Xa;tpd;wp toq;Fk;
rikayiwia vl;bg; ghu;f;Fk; vYkpr;ir kuk;
nrt;tpsePu; kuk; maytu;f;Fk; kUe;J jUk;
ntz;ilNah md;idapd; ifahy; Urpahd fwpahFk;
gid kuq;fNsh tsk;jUk; mKjRugp MFk;
mw;Gj tpUl;rkha; rpwe;Njhq;Fk; KUq;if kuk;
Jsrpiaf; fz;L ,UkYk; kUz;L XLk;
Ntk;G nfhRf;fis tpul;lTk; gykhfg; gad;gLk;
fwpNtg;gpiyapd; ,dpa Rfe;jk; CiuNa $l;Lk;
Kg;gJ Mz;Lfspd; gpd; kPz;l nra;jp

fly; fle;J fhJfspy; te;J NkhjpaJ.
,uhZtj;jpd; ifg;gpbapy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;l epyk;

fhnzhypfspy; type;J NjbAk; fhzhj tPL.
njhOJ topgl;l itutu; Nfhapy; Gj;jNfhapyhfpl

mijg; ghu;j;j NghJ Mj;jpuk; Njhd;wtpy;iy.
kdjpy; Njhd;wpa czu;TfSld; Kbtpy;yhg; Nghuhl;lk;

czu;j;jpaJ MjpAk; me;jKk; tPl;bw;Fk; cz;L.
kiwe;J NghtJ khdplu; kl;Lky;y ,y;yKk;$l!
gy;yhz;Lfs; fhzhJ flf;f me;epakha;j; Njhd;Wk;

jiukl;lk; MdJ
epue;juk; mw;w ,y;ykh?
my;yJ
mUikg; ngw;Nwhupd; vjpu;fhyf; fdTfsh?
53 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
ftpjd;
Kavithan Bourassa
,isa jiyKiwg; glg;gpog;ghsd;/

buhwd;nuh iwnaqrd;
gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpy; ve;jpug; bghwpapay;
gog;ig Koj;jtq/ Xtpaj;jpYk;
epHw;glj;jpYk; bgUk; Mqtk;
cs;stq/ jw;nghJ jd;Dila
,yf;fhfj; jpiug;gl xspg;gjpt[j;
Jiwiaj; njqe;bjLj;J. mjpy; kpFe;j
Mqtk; fhl;o bgUk; Kidg;nghL
braw;gl;L tUfpwhq/
mtUila ,d;!;lhfpuhk; gf;fj;jpy;

mtuJ gilg;g[fisf; fhzyhk;/
Instagram:Rosexcrown
vd;id v';nf fz;lhYk;. n$hq$;

khkh vd;W fl;oaizf;Fk; ,td;
fw;Rwh. b$gh jk;gjpfspd; :Kj;j
g[jy;td; vd;gJ mdhtrpa jfty;/
thH;j;Jf;fs;. ftpjd;>
fdt[fs; vy;yhk;
bka;g;gll;Lk;>
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 54
55 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202355
56 56
miya[k; Mtpia thyhak; gz;zpa
xU tpz;zhdf;
fij
tpLg;gha;t[ tpz;zd;
cq;f vy;yhUf;Fk; tzf;fk;. fijf;fpwnjg;gb vz;lijf; 'vd;d jiytNu Fuy;
fz;Lgpbr;rd;. xUkhjpupah ,Uf;F" vz;L Nfl;ld;>
vd;u Ngu; tpz;zd;> 'tpLg;gha;T rupnaz;L clNdNa 'nfhQ;rk; nghW gq;fUf;f
tpz;zd;" vz;Ljhd; rpyNgu; ghu;f;fNtz;ba mYty;fisg; ,Ue;J ntspa te;J fijf;fpwd;"
nrhy;Ythq;fs;> ,g;gTk; ghu;j;jNghJ jpUk;gTk; vdf;Ff; vz;lhu;>
cq;fSf;nfhU tpLg;Gr; nrhy;yj;jhd; fhYk; xlapy;yf; ifAk; xlapy;y. 'vd;d jiytNu mq;f NghAk;
te;jdhd;> mnjd;ndz;lhy; vq;fl jiytw;u Fuiyf; Nfl;lJNk cq;fSf;Fg; gq;fu; tho;f;ifjhdh?"
jiytu; capNuhl ,Uf;fpwhuh? clk;ngy;yhk; Gy;yupr;Rg;Nghr;R> 'gpd;dnad;d? ehd;
,y;iyah? vz;ljpy vdf;Ff; fd nrhd;dh ek;gkhl;bas;. Nghl;Lj;js;spd KOg;NgUk;
fhykhr; re;NjfkpUe;jJ. ek;Gwnjd;d rpyNgu; JNuhfp vz;L ,q;fjhNd ,Uf;fpwhq;fs;>
mg;gpbapUf;f Nghd fpoik $lr; nrhy;Ytpas;> mnjdf;Fg; mtq;fspl;lapUe;J jg;gNtzhNk?"
vq;fl mws Iahf;fs; neLkhwDk;> gpur;ridapy;y. mJf;fhf ehd; vz;L Nfl;lhu;>
fhrpahde;jDk; gpu]; kPw;wpq;iff; jiytNuhl fijr;rjr; nrhy;yhk 'vd;d jiytNu mq;fAk;
$l;b jiytu; capNuhl ,Uf;fpwhu; tplKbANk? Mgj;Nj? MAjq;fs; VJk; ,Uf;Nf?"
vz;L nrhd;ditay;Ny. mz;ilapy vdf;Fk; jiytUf;Fkpilapy 'MAjq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; ehd;
,Ue;J vdf;Ff; fhYk; xlapy;y> ifAk; ele;j rk;ghridiar; nrhy;Ywd; gag;gpLtNd? Nghl;Lj; js;Swjpy
xlapy;y> Mdhy; kz;ilf;Fs;s NfSq;f. ,q;fAk; ehNd Ke;jpapUg;gNd"
%is kl;Lk; Xb Kopr;rjpy '[Nah jiytNu cz;ikahNt vz;lhu;>
vdf;nfhU [bah te;jpr;RJ> ePq;f nrj;Jl;Bq;fsh?" vz;L 'mg;g Vd; jiytNu gq;fUf;f
mnjd;ndz;L Nff;fpwpaNs> Mr;rupaKk; jpifg;Gkha;f; Nfl;ld;> fplf;fpwPq;f?"
mJjhd; ,e;j S.V.Nrfu; vz;l 'ahulh jk;gp eP? cd;uape;j 'ntspa Nghdhy; fz;ltq;fs;
Nfhkhsp ebfd; jhd; n[ayypjhtpd;u Mr;rupaKk; jpifg;Gk; ftiyapy epz;ltq;fnsy;yhk; fhwpj;
MtpNahl fijf;fpwnjz;L te;jNj? ,y;yr; re;Njhrj;jpy>>?" Jg;Gwhq;flh mJjhd;." vz;ltupd;
nrhd;dtdy;Ny. mJjhd; vd;u 'INah jiytNu ePq;f Fuypy; Nrhfk; ,ioNahbaJ>
Qhgfj;jpy te;jpr;RJ> rupnaz;L nrj;jJf;Fg;Ngha;r; re;Njhrg;gl 'INah jiytNu cq;fSf;fh
ehDnkhUf;fh mjg;Nghy ek;kl KbANk?" ,e;j epiyik? cq;fl Nghuhspfs;
jiytw;u MtpNahl fijf;fpwJf;F ',y;yf; nfhQ;rg;Ngu; xUj;jUk; gf;fj;jpy ,y;iyNa?"
iu gz;zpg; ghu;j;jhnyd;d vz;Lk; ftiyg;gl;lhYk; epiwag;Ngu; ',q;f mtq;fs; $l vd;df;
Njhzpr;R> mg;gpbj; jiytw;u Mtp re;Njhrg;gLwhq;fshk; vz;L fpl;lNt mz;l tpLwhq;fs; ,y;iyNa"
fijf;f te;jpr;Rnjz;lhy; mtu; Nfs;tpg;gl;ld; mJjhd;" vz;ltupd; vz;lhu; Mjq;fj;Jld;>
capNuhl ,Uf;fpwhuh ,y;iyah Fuy; njspth ,Uf;fapy;y. 'ml JNuhfpfNs!" vz;ld; ehd;>
vz;l vd;u re;Njfj;Jf;Fk; tpil
fpilr;rpUNk vz;L Nghl;Lj;jhd; ,e;j S.V.Nrfu; vz;l Nfhkhsp ebfd; jhd; n[ayypjhtpd;u
MtpNahl vg;gpbf; fijf;fpwnjz;l MtpNahl fijf;fpwnjz;L nrhd;dtdy;Ny. mJjhd; vd;u
tpraj;ij mwpa ,e;j A+w;&g; Qhgfj;jpy te;jpr;RJ> rupnaz;L ehDnkhUf;fh mjg;Nghy
fPw;&g; vy;yhk; fpz;bf; fpswp ek;kl jiytw;u MtpNahl fijf;fpwJf;F iu gz;zpg;
xUkhjpupah New;Wj;jhd; MtpfNshl ghu;j;jhnyd;d vz;Lk; Njhzpr;R>
57 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202357
'rP> me;j thu;j;ijar; tPukuzk; vz;L nrhy;ypapUe;jhy; cq;fSf;F ,e;j epiyik Vw;gl;lJ?”
nrhy;yhj." vz;lhu;> nfhQ;rkhtJ kjpg;G ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. "mjtpL. mnjhU Jd;gpay; rk;gtk;."
'vd;d jiytNu cq;fSf;Fg; Mdhy; ,tq;fspq;f ePq;f kl;Lk; 'rup jiytNu> cq;fspl;l
gpbr;r thu;j;ijjhNd mJ" capNuhl jg;gp Xbg;Ngha; vq;fNah ,d;ndhU Nfs;tp Nff;fNtZk; vz;L
'X.. JNuhfpfs; JNuhfpfs; xspQ;rpUf;fpwjhr; nrhy;yp cq;fsg; epidr;rdhd;> mnjd;ndz;lhy;
vz;Ljhd; ehd; vy;yhiuAk; gupRnfLj;jpf; nfhz;nly;Ny mLj;j Njrpaj; jiytuha; ePq;fs;
Nghl;Lj;js;spdhd;, Mdhypq;f jpupapwhq;fs;" rPkhidj;jhd; if fhl;btpl;Lg;
vy;yhUk; vd;iday;Ny JNuhfp 'ml JNuhfpfNs!" Nghdjhf ,q;f mtNu nrhy;ypj;
JNuhfp vz;L jpl;Lwhq;fs;." "ghj;jPq;fsh jiytNu ePq;fNs jpupapwhu;. mJ cz;ikNa?"
'ml> ehrkWg;ghu; mg;gpbah tpl epidr;rhYk; ,e;jj; JNuhfp vz;l 'rPkhNdh? Mulh me;jr;
nrhy;Ywhq;fs;?" nrhy; cq;fs tpl;Lg;NghFjpy;y" rhkhd;?"
'k;> fpilf;fNtz;ba <oj;ijf; vz;ld;> "vd;d jiytNu ePq;fs;
fpilf;ftplhky; gz;zpd JNuhfp 'k;>> k;." vz;L Kf;fpdhu;> rPkhDf;F Mikf;fwp rikr;Rg;
ehd;jhdhk; vz;Lwhq;fs;." 'Nghw Nghf;ifg; ghj;jhy; Nghl;lJ. muprpf; fg;gYf;Fr;
'rup> rup> ftiyg;glhjpq;f. kpkpf;up Mu;b];l; rpd;dp n[ae;ijNah Rl;Lg; gof;fpdJ vy;yhj;ijANk
kdprp> gps;isfshtJ cq;fNshl my;yJ jhKitNah itr;R ,e;j kwe;jpl;Bq;fsh?"
,Uf;FJfs; jhNd." Kiw khtPuu; jpd ciuiaNa 'ml jk;gp. tpriuf; fpsg;ghky;
epfo;j;jpg; NghLthq;fs; Nghynay;Ny tpgukhr; nrhy;ylh vdf;nfhz;Lk;
'k;. ,Ue;Jnkd;d> mJfs;$l fplf;FJ" vz;ld; tpsq;Fjpy;y."
vd;id mQ;rpaj;Jf;Fk; kjpf;FJfs; ',q;f ,Ue;J nfhz;L vd;dhy 'mtu;jhd; jiytNu>
,y;iyNa> ,q;fAk; vd;u ifapy vd;dj;ijalh jk;gp nra;aKbAk;> jkpo;ehl;by ,Ue;J te;j 'jk;gp"
,Uf;fNtz;ba rhkhd; ,Ue;jpUe;jh mtq;fsq;f nghl;ld;> fpl;ld;>rpl;ld; gl ,af;Fdu; rPkhd;."
vy;yhUk; vd;id kjpr;rpUg;ghq;f> vz;L xUj;jidAk; tplhky; topr;Rj; 'mll me;j ntWthaidNa
gae;jpUg;ghq;f jhd;> mJrup mq;fahtJ Jilr;R vy;yhiuAky;Ny ,q;f nrhy;Ywh? mJte;J nfhsj;J}u;
rdq;fs; vdf;Fr; rpiyiaf; fpiyia mDg;gpg;Nghl;lhq;fs;." kzp mz;zd; Nfl;ljhy xU gj;J
itr;rpUf;FJfNs?" 'Vd; jiytNu ehq;fspq;f epkp\k; re;jpr;Rf; fijr;rdhd;>
'vd;dJ rpiyNah! vd;d ehL fle;j muir cUthf;fpd khjpup Mdhy; mtdq;f thahy Rl;Lj;
jiytNu gfpbah tpLwpas;? ePq;fSkq;f vkNyhfk; fle;j muR js;spdijj; jtpu Jtf;fhy
Ng];Gf;fpy $l cq;fl Ngiu xz;il cUthf;fp ,tq;fSf;nfhU xz;lANk Rlapy;y. mtd; Nwhtpd;u
vOj tpLwhq;fspy;y> ,Jf;Fs;s fz;ld mwpf;if tpl VyhNj?" Mshj;jhd; ,Uf;fNtZk; mtd
ePq;f Ntw> Vd; mj tpLq;fsd;. ,q;f vz;L Nfl;ld;> ek;gpg;NghlhjPq;flh" vz;lhu;>
vq;fl Mf;fNs jiytu; tPukuzk; 'mJf;Fj;jhNd ,d;Dkpq;f 'rup jiytNu kf;fSf;F
vz;L nrhy;yp xU mQ;rypiaf; cUj;jpuFkhu; tuapy;iyNa?" vz;lhu; vd; %ykh VjhtJ nrhy;y
$lr; nrYj;j tpLwhq;fspy;iy mtu; ftiyNahL> tpUk;GwPq;fsh?"
vz;lhy; ghUq;Nfhtd;." 'mJrup? vd;ndz;L jiytNu 'vdf;nfd;dlh jk;gp
'vd;dlh jk;gp nrhy;yj;njupAk;> Njrj;jpd; Fuy;
nrhy;Yw?"jpifg;NghL Nfl;lhu;> 'Nghw Nghf;ifg; gf;fj;jpy ,Ue;jhyhtJ vOjpj;jur;
'[Nah jiytNu. Nghd
fpoik$l gpu]; kPw;wpq;iff; $l;b
ghj;jhy; nrhy;yp thrpr;rpUf;fyhk;> Mdhy;
me;jhs; vy;Ny ,q;f ehd;
jiytu; capNuhl ,Uf;fpwhu; kpkpf;up Mu;b];l; ,Uf;fpw gf;fNk jiy itr;Rk;
vz;nly;Ny go neLkhwd; rpd;dp n[ae;ijNah gLf;Fjpy;iyahk;> ehndd;d nra;a?
nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;." mq;f ehd; tsu;j;j vd;u fOij
'mb nrUg;ghy. ehdpq;f my;yJ jhKitNah kl;Lk; td;dpf;f khl;Lg;glhky;
thwJf;F top fhl;btpl;ltq;fNs ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,q;fAk; rhkhd;fs;
mtq;fs; jhNd> ehd; ek;gpd rpy
itr;R te;Jjhd; Nru;e;jpUf;Fk;> ,q;fAk;
jkpo;ehl;Lj; jWjiyfshYk;> ,e;j Kiw khtPuu; ehd; vy;yhiuAk; vd;u fhybapf;f
Gyk;ngau;e;j rpy vq;fl nfhz;Lte;Jjhd; Nru;j;jpUg;gd;.
jWjiyfshYe;jhNd vdf;fpe;j jpd ciuiaNa mnjy;yhe;jhNd gpior;Rg;Nghr;R"
epiyik te;jJ. filrp tiuf;Fk; epfo;j;jpg; vz;L nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;
fg;gy; tUk; fg;gy; tUnkz;L fhf;f 'nfhQ;rk; nghWlh jk;gp ahNu
itr;Rf; fOj;jWj;Jg;Nghl;L ,g;g NghLthq;fs; thwkhjpupr; rj;jk; Nff;FJ"
mtq;fs; vd;id itr;Rg; gpiog;G Nghynay;Ny vz;lNghJ 'njhg;" vz;L mtu;
elj;Jwhq;fNsh!?" gq;fUf;Fs; Fjpf;Fk; rj;jk; Nfl;lJ>
'Xk; jiytNu. Nghuhb fplf;FJ"
58 58
fz;zPUk;
nrhWk;
fw;Rwh
mJ xU ,iyAjpu;fhyk;. nrhd;dhd;. mjidj; J}f;fp vdJ ekJ r%fk; ehrkhf;fpaJ vd;gjid
ehd; vdJ kfid> mtd; KJfpy; Nghl;Nld;. gpd;dUk; ,UtUk;ehd; vdJ tho;fhyj;jpy; mjpfkhfg;
gbf;Fk; gs;spapypUe;J mioj;Jf; jbfshYk; jz;LfshYk; mbj;Jf; ghu;j;Njd;. me;j ehrk; vkJ r%fj;ij
nfhz;L te;Njd;. topapy; fpilf;Fk; nfhz;L tpisahbr; nrd;Nwhk;. ve;jstpy; ghjpf;fitj;jpUf;fpwJ
fw;fisAk; kuj; jbfisAk; Ms; rpwpJ J}uj;jpy; jdf;F elf;ff; fhy;
vd;W ehrg;gLj;jpatu;fs; ahUf;FNk
khwpf; fhy; khwp ehk; mbj;jgb NehfpwJ mg;gh vd;whd;. mtidj; ,d;Wtiu xU cWj;jy; ,y;iy.
nrd;Nwhk;. xU ,lj;jpy; vd;fhiy J}f;fpj; Njhspy; Nghl;Nld;. re;ju;g;gq;fSk; rhj;jpaq;fSk;
,Oj;Jg; gpbj;jgb 'mg;gh! mJf;FNky Mde;jkha; vd; Njhspy; ,Ue;jgb fpilj;jhy; ,d;ndhU jlit
fhyhy kpjpf;fhjPq;f" vd;W fj;jpdhd;. mtdJ jiyapy; Kl;Lk; Nkg;gps; me;j ehrj;ij tpistpf;f mtu;fs;
mJ xU ,iy. kuf; fpisfspypUe;j ,iyfisg; vy;NyhUk; jahuha; ,Ug;gJjhd;
'mj cof;ff; $lhjg;gh!" gpa;j;Jg; Nghl;lgb te;jhd;. mjp Mgj;jhd tplak;.
mJ Nkg;gps; ,iy! vd;whd;. 'jk;gp! eP gpa;j;Jg; NghLk; ,e;j mjp Mgj;jhd tpistpid
Nkg;gps; ,iy Fwpj;J mtd; ,e;j ,iyfis NtW ahUk; ekJ r%fk; fz;Lzuf; fhuzkha;
md;W jdJ gs;spapy; fw;wij vdf;F cof;fkhl;lhu;fsh?" vdf; Nfl;Nld;.,Ue;jtu;fspy; kpf Kf;fpakhdtu;fshf
xg;Gtpj;jgbNa te;jhd;. vkf;F 'mtq;fs; cof;fpdh ehq;f ekJ mwpT[Ptpfs;- gy;fiyf;fofg;
Kd;Nd mtdJ gs;spapd; %j;j vd;d nra;AwJ? ehq;f cof;ff; $lhJ Nguhrpupau;fs> clftpayhsu;fs;.-
khztu;fSk; khztpfSk; xUtu; mJkl;Le;jhd;. Ml;lk; FNsh];> ftpQu;fs;> fij nrhy;ypfs;>
khwp xUtu; rz;ilapl;Lk; js;sp fl;Liuahsu;fs; vd;W ehk;
ePq;fs; Ngrhky; thq;Nfh" vd;whd;..
tpl;Lk; Ntbf;ifahf tpisahbr; Kf;fpag;gLj;Jk; vOj;jhsu;fs;>
Foe;ijfspd; tho;T Foe;ijj;
nrd;wdu;. gs;spapd; thrypy; fhj;J jdkhf ,Uf;f top nra;J tpLtJjhd; fiyQu;fs; vd;gtu;fNs mjpfstpy;
epd;w ngw;Nwhu;fs; jkJ gps;isfisf; xU r%fj;jpw;F ,Uf;Fk; kpfg;ngupa ,Ue;jhu;fs;.
ftdkhf thfdj;jpw; Vw;wpf; nfhz;L nghWg;G vd;W ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. ,tu;fisj;jhd; ehq;fs;
vq;fisf; fle;Jnrd;wdu;. tPjpapy; ghlfu;> Clfu;> ehlfu;> tPlfu;>
tpisahbagb nry;Yk; vq;fisg; Mdhy; vdJ r%fk;> xU r%fkhf Njlfu;> G+lfu;> Mlfu; vd;W
Nghd;wtu;fSf;Ff; mtu;fs; ,e;jf; Foe;ijj; jdj;ij kjpj;jJk; mjpkupahijr; nrhw;fSld;
iffhl;br; nry;tijg; ghu;f;f kpfTk; ,y;iy. urpj;jJk; ,y;iy. mioj;J mtu;fisj; jpdk; jpdk;
mofhf ,Ue;jJ. Foe;ijfshf ,Uf;f tpl;lJk; fTutg;gLj;JfpNwhk;. jq;fSf;Ff;
vdJ kfd; jdf;Fj; jdJ ,y;iy. nfhLf;fg;gLk; ,e;jf; fTutk;
Gj;jfg; igiaj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L vkJ Foe;ijfspd; tho;it> mstpw;F kpQ;rpaJ vd;gJk; me;j
elf;fg; ghukhf ,Ug;gjhfr; mjd; vjpu;fhyj;ij vt;thnwy;yhk; kupahij tPz; kupahij vd;gJk;
59 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202359
Nfhg;igapypUe;J xU ftsk; Nrhw;iw ms;sp jdJ “

thapw;Fs; jpzpf;f Kd;G mjw;Fs; nfhl;Lk; fz;zPu;j;
JspfNshNlNa jpdKk; gpire;J Nrhw;iw cz;Zk;
jha;khu;fisf; nfhz;ljhfNt ekJ <oNjrj;ij “
cUkhw;wptpl;bUf;fpwhu;fs; ,tu;fs;.
$r;rk; nfhs;sf; $baJ vd;gJk; topapYk; NfhapYf;Fg; G+itj;J mwpthu;e;J fzf;fplKbahjgb

,j;jid 'fu;"fshYk; ,yFthf tpl;L tPL jpUk;Gk; topapYk; mjid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;shjgb ekJ
czuf;$baJ jhd;. MdhYk; jq;fis itj;J ms;spr; nrd;W MAjq;fisf; kz;ilf;Fs;Sk; tpijf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ
mz;bg; gpiof;Fk; $l;lj;jpw;F ifapy; nrUfp kuzpf;f itj;j eQ;R vd;w eQ;Nrjhd;. me;j eQ;ir
,t;thwd jFjpfisj; jkf;Ff; fijf;Ff; fhuzkhdtu;fs;> jdpNa kz;ilf;Fs; itj;Jf;nfhz;L
nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba Aj;jj;ij kz;ilf;Fs; itj;jpUe;J coYgtu;fshy; NtW tpjkhfr;
epiyAs;sJ vd;gJ mj;jid MAjq;fNshL miye;jtu;fs; rpe;jpf;fNt KbahJ. mtu;fs;
'fu;"fSf;Fk; ed;whfj; njupAk;. kl;Lky;y. mtu;fisf; fhg;ghw;wp nrhy;Yk; thu;j;ijfisNa
mjdhy; me;j tPz;kupahijfis njhlu;e;Jk; tho itj;jgb ,Ue;J cz;ik vd;W kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
ve;jf; $r;rKk; ,y;yhJ Vw;Wf; mtu;fSf;F cj;jpNahfk; ghu;j;j ekJ ek;gNtz;Lk;. ,y;iynad;W Nahrpf;f
nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. ,it xU kPs;Row;rp Gj;jprPtpfSk;> Clftpayhsu;fSk; ve;j mtfhrKk; mtu;fs; nfhLg;gJ
kupahijfs;. ,e;j kupahijfisf; Njrpaf; ftpQu;fSk; fij ,y;iy.
nfhz;L mtu;fsJ vOj;Jf;fis nrhy;ypfSNk. jd;Dila Foe;ijiag;
mstplTk; KbahJ. mstplTk; ekJ Aj;jfhyj;jpy; ,tu;fSf;F gpupe;J my;yJ ,oe;J my;yYWk;
$lhJ. ekJ r%fj;jpd; kPJ vd;d xU jha; jpde; jpdk; jdJ czit
,t;thW ekJ r%fj;jpd; gw;W ,Ue;jJ? mjid vt;thW cz;Zk; jUzq;fspnyy;yhk;
MSikfshf md;Wk; ,d;Wk; ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;? <oj;jpd; jhiuahff; fz;zPu; rpe;jpagbNajhd;
milahsk; fhl;lg;gLgtu;fs; fle;j jha;fs; ,Uspy; mOJ tbj;j cz;z itf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ ,e;j
fhyj;jpy; vt;thW ekJ Foe;ijfis fz;zPiug; ghu;f;fhJ> ,tu;fs; tif mNahf;fpau;fshy; jhd;.
tsu;e;jtu;fshf Mf;fpdhu;fs; vd;Wk;> midtUk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; vd;d xU ftsk; Nrhw;wpw;Fs; Mapuk;
<oj;jpy; ele;j xU nfhba Aj;jj;ij fij vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;? fz;zPu;j;Jspfisf; nfhl;Lk;
tpLjiy vd;w ngaupy; vt;thW vd;gjid ehk; NgRtjpD}lhfNt jha;fspdhy; ,e;j mNahf;fpau;fis
vOjpj; jpir jpUg;gpdhu;fs; vd;Wk; ekJ r%fj;jpid mwpT rhu;e;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; mtfhrk; ,Ue;J
vOjptpl Ntz;ba fhyj;jpy; ehk; fzf;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s KbAk;. tpLtjpy;iy.
,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,e;j mNahf;fpau;fsJ
vOj;Jf;fis tupf;Ftup tpsf;fk;
nfhs;s Kw;gl;lhy; ekJ r%fk;
gho;gl;Lg; Nghd fijia vjpu;fhyr;
re;jjp njspthf czu;e;J nfhs;s
KbAk;.
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Nrhw;iw ms;sp jdJ thapw;Fs; jpzpf;f
Kd;G mjw;Fs; nfhl;Lk; fz;zPu;j;
JspfNshNlNa jpdKk; gpire;J
Nrhw;iw cz;Zk; jha;khu;fisf;
nfhz;ljhfNt ekJ <oNjrj;ij
cUkhw;wptpl;bUf;fpwhu;fs; ,tu;fs;.
jdJ epynkd;Wk;> jdJ
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fhyk; Ngha;> me;jf; Foe;ijfis
epj;jpiug; ghapYk; gs;sp nrd;w
60 60
'nghyp]; gilapd; Kd;Ndh ,t;thW xU ngUk; <of; me;j tupfs; fhtpr; nrd;w nghOJ
uhZtj;jpd; Kd;Ndh vjpu;g;gLfpw ftpQdJ vOj;jpd; gpd;dhYs;s mjw;nfjpuhff; nfhjpj;njOe;J
vtUk; ghy; taJ NtWghbd;wpg; nghWg;gw;w ju;f;fk; Fwpj;J ek;kpy; jd; Nkyhiliaf; fow;wp vwpe;J
gaq;futhjpahff; fUjg;glyhnkdpd; ahNuDk; xUtu; xUnghOjpYk; rz;ilapl;l rz;badhf khwpdhu;
gaq;futhjpahff; fUjf;$ba Nfs;tp Nfl;ljpy;iy. vd;W xU fij ,Uf;fpwJ.
vtUk; ghy; taJ NtWghbd;wpg; jkJ Njitf;fhf vijAk; ,t;thW jhd; vkJ
gaq;futhjpahfNt ,Ug;gJ rw;Wg; rpe;jpf;fhky; tpLgtu;fisAk;> jkf;Ff; ftpnrhy;ypfs;> fijnrhy;ypfs;>
ghJfhg;ghdJ" vd;W Kd;Ndhb fw;gpf;fg;gl;l fijfSf;Nfw;g kl;Lk; fl;Liu nrhy;ypfs; midtUk;
<of;ftpQu; rptNrfuk; mtu;fisAk; tpsf;ff; fijfisr; nrhy;gtu;fisAk; jkJ rpWtu;fisj; jtpu;j;J ekJ
vOjitj;j 'mlq;fhg; gw;W" ,Uf;Nf! kWj;J ek;khy; rpe;jpf;f KbahjpUf;fpwJ rpWtu;fis tse;jtu;fshf;fpdhu;fs;.
mJjhd; Mgj;jhdJ vd;fpNwd;. vd;gnjd;d ekJ jiytpjpah? tsu;e;jtu;fshfpa rpWtu;fsJ
my;yJ jk; Foe;ijfis jtpf;ftpl;L jha;khiu jhiu jhiuaha; fz;zPu;
'JNuhfp vdj; jPu;j;J my;Yk; gfYk; mq;nfhd;Wk; rpe;jp jkJ Nrhw;Wf;Fs;Ns nfhl;l
md;ndhUehs; Rl;l ntb ,q;nfhd;Wkhag; Gyk;gpaOJ jpupAk; itj;Jr; NrhWz;z itj;jhu;fs;.
Rl;ltidr; Rl;lJ. jha;khu;fs; tho;T vd;d fhw;wpy; mjd; fijfisNa ehd; ,q;Nf
Rlf; fz;ltidr; Rl;lJ tpjpf; Fuq;F gpa;j;njwpAk; gQ;Rj; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y KidfpNwd;.
jiyaizah?(ed;wp t.I.r.n[.) MdhYk; ehd; ,q;Nf Kjypy;
vd;W vOjp Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;Yk; jha; ,J
'gps;isfspd; nghd;Dlyk; tPOk; vy;yhtw;wpYk; ,y;yhj NtW xUjha;.
,Wjpapy; Rk;kh epd;wtidAk; Rl;lJ xt;nthU fzKk; mtu;jhd; vdJ fpuhkj;jpy;
vd;W xU fhyj;jpy; ,e;j r%fj;jpd; G+kpg;ge;Nj Gy;yupj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. nfhiynra;ag;gl;l aKdhtpd; jha;.
ghLfis vOjpa 'Kd;Ndhbf;ftp"ah vd;W GJit uj;jpdJiu vOjpaNghJ vdJ gs;spapd; khztpahd
,ijAk; vOjpaJ vd;W epidj;jhy; mjw;Fs; ,Ue;j mNahf;fpaj;jdk; aKdh ghf;fpaehjd; vd;w gjpdhWtaJ
ehk; kaq;fp tpo NeupLk;. Fwpj;J ,d;Wtiu ahUk; ftiy nfhz;l ngz;zpdJ nfhiy gw;wp
ghy; taJ NtW ghbd;wp nfhs;stpy;iy. vkJ r%fj;jpd; ehd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; gjpT nra;J
gaq;futhjpahfNt ,Ug;gJ rw;Wg; Foe;ijfs; MAjk; jupf;fg;gl;Lf; te;jpUf;fpNwd;. MdhYk; aKdhtpd;
ghJfhg;ghdJ vd;W> Gypfs; nfhy;yg;gl;l fhyj;ij nghw;fhykhff; ngw;NwhUld; mz;ikapy; Ngrpa
Foe;ijfisf; nfhy;yg; gpbj;Jr; nfhz;lhl vOjg;gl;l mrpq;fkhd tplaq;fis kl;Lk; ,q;Nf gjpT
nrd;w fhyj;jpy; vOJtJ vd;gJ tupfs; ,it. Mdhy; ,J Fwpj;J nra;fpNwd;.
fiyQd; vd;gtd; nra;af; $lhjJ. ve;j tpopg;Gzu;Tk; ,y;yhJ ekJ ehd; vdJ ghlrhiyf;
Mdhy; mjid ve;jf; $r;rKk; r%fk; nfhz;lba ftpij ,J. fy;tp Kbe;j gpd; vdJ gs;sp
,y;yhJ ftpQu; rptNrfuk; mtu;fs; Mdhy; GJit uj;jpdJiu ez;gu;fSld; ,ize;J xU fy;tp
“
,jidr; nra;jhu;. mtu;fs; jd; kfidAk;> jhd; vOjpa epWtdj;ij elj;jp te;Njd;. mJ
'gps;isfspd; nghd;Dlyk; tPOk;

xt;nthU fzKk;
G+kpg;ge;Nj Gy;yupj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.
vd;W GJit uj;jpdJiu vOjpaNghJ mjw;Fs; ,Ue;j
mNahf;fpaj;jdk; Fwpj;J ,d;Wtiu ahUk; ftiy nfhs;stpy;iy.
vkJ r%fj;jpd; Foe;ijfs; MAjk; jupf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;l
fhyj;ij nghw;fhykhff; nfhz;lhl vOjg;gl;l mrpq;fkhd tupfs;
,it. Mdhy; ,J Fwpj;J ve;j tpopg;Gzu;Tk; ,y;yhJ ekJ
r%fk; nfhz;lba ftpij ,J.
Mdhy; GJit uj;jpdJiu mtu;fs; jd; kfidAk;>
jhd; vOjpa me;j tupfs; fhtpr; nrd;w nghOJ mjw;nfjpuhff;
nfhjpj;njOe;J jd; Nkyhiliaf; fow;wp vwpe;J rz;ilapl;l
“
rz;badhf khwpdhu; vd;W xU fij ,Uf;fpwJ.
61 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202361
,e;jpa ,uhZtf; fhyk;. mJ xd;Wk; Kfhkpw;F mUfpw;F ky;yhtp topahy; rpy epkplq;fspy; ky;yhtpr; re;jpapd;
,yFthd fhyky;y. md;iwa tUk; JZf;fha; nry;Yk; g];rpy; gf;fk; ,Ue;J ntbr;rj;jk; te;jJ.
,yq;if ,uhZtj;NjhL ,Uf;Fk; mjidg; Nghl;L tpl;L ele;J ghlrhiyapd; topapy; itj;J
mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;L ,e;jpa Nghdhu;fs;. ,jid NtT ghu;j;Jf; aOdhitg; Gypfs; flj;jpagpd;
,uhZtj;ij ehk; mstplNt nfhz;bUe;j xU Gypapd; 'thy;" Vwj;jho xU thuj;jpd; gpd;dNu
KbahJ. mt;thW mstpl;L xd;W topapd; ,ilapy; g];i] nfhiy nra;jhu;fs;. mts; tho;e;j
khl;Lg;gl;L ms;Sg;gl;l fijfs; kwpj;J me;jg; nghUl;fis ,wf;fpg; vkJ r%fj;jhYk; mts; fy;tp fw;w
gyUf;Fk; gythwha; ,Uf;Fk;. Gypfsplk; xg;gilj;jJ. Gypfs; ghlrhiyapdhYk; mtis tpLjiy
gy;NtW jUzq;fspy; me;jg; nghUl;fisg; gpupj;Jg; ghu;j;j nra;af; $ba ve;j epu;g;ge;jj;ijAk;
,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpdu; vkJ fy;tp NghJ mjw;Fs; ,Ue;jitnay;yhk; nfhLf;fKbahjpUe;j R+oiy ,d;W
epWtdj;jpd; R+oTs;s gFjpfspy; mjpfkhf me;j ,uhZtj;jpdu; ahuhYk; Gupe;J nfhs;s KbahJ.
,ufrpakhfg; gLj;Jf;fple;jdu;. jkJ kidtpkhu;fSf;F thq;fpa mJ NtW xU tifahd fhyk;.
vkf;Ff; fliy vz;iz kzk; cs;shilfNs. ahu; vkf;fUfpy; NtT ghu;j;j
kl;Lk; vq;Nfh kzf;fpwJ vd 'jq;fSf;Ff; ifapy; nfhLf;Fk; tz;zk; ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;W mwpaNt
czu;e;jhYk; mtu;fisf; fz;lwpa nrhw;g gzj;jpw;F thq;fpa nghUl;fs; Kbahj fhykha;g; Gypfs; cUthf;fp
KbahjpUe;jJ. mit. xU ,uhZtr; rpg;ghapd; Mff; itj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. 'ghtk; aKdh"
vdJ tPl;bd; Kd;gf;fj;jpy; Fiwe;jsT Mir mJ. mjidg; vd MWjy; thu;j;ij xd;iwf; $l
,Ue;jJ me;jf; fy;tp epWtdk;. gwpg;gJ ,uf;fkw;w nray;- fPo;j;jukhd cjpu;j;Jtpl Kbahjgb ,Ue;j
mjd; gf;fq;fs; Fsj;jhYk; nray; my;yth" vd;W mq;fpUe;j fhyk; me;j 1989k; Mz;L fhyk;.
fhlhYk; R+o;e;jpUe;jgbahy; ,e;jpa nrhu;zg;gd; vd;w me;j xU jkpo;r; aKdhtpd; Ngj;jp kl;LNk
,uhZtj;jpdiug; gpupj;jwptJ kpfTk; rpg;gha; Cu; kf;fSf;F kWehs; Xykpl;L mOjijg; ghu;j;Njd;.
rpukk;. fliy vz;iz kzKk; ky;yhtpr; re;jpapy; itj;Jr; nrhy;ypf; vq;fs; Cupy; tho;e;jpUe;j xU ngz;
eha;fspd; Fiug;GNk mf;fhyj;jpy; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mtd; ,d;Dk; rpy ehq;fs; vy;NyhUk; kjpahtu;zk;
mtu;fisg; gpupj;jwpAk; re;ju;g;gq;fis tUlq;fspy; Xa;T ngw ,Ug;gjhfTk; ngQ;rhjp (,e;jg; ngz; Fwpj;j fij
toq;fpd. nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. jdpf; fij NtW jsj;jpy; vOjg;gl
vkJ fpuhkj;jpw;F mUfpypy; me;j nrhu;zg;gDf;F aKdh Ntz;baJ.) vd;W miof;Fk; me;jg;
JZf;fha; vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;j fhjy; fbjk; vOjpdhs; vd;gNj ngz; kl;Lk; ky;yhtpr; re;jpapypUe;J
,e;jpa ,uhZt Kfhkpy; XU jkpo; Gypfs; aKdhitf; nfhy;tjw;F me;jf; nfhiyfhuu;fis Nehf;fp
ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j rpg;ghAk; ,Ue;jhu;. Kd;itj;j fhuzk;. kz; ms;spj; jpl;bajhf gpd;ehspy;
xU Kiw mtu;fs; Nuhe;J te;j xUehs; vkJ fy;tp mwpe;Njd;. CNu Nru;e;J mOjpUf;f
Neuk; ky;yhtpr; re;jpapypUe;j epWtdj;jpd; Kd;dhypUe;j tPiu Ntz;ba nfhiy mJ. Mdhy; mJ
Glitf; filapy; nghUl;fisf; kuj;jpy; Gypfs; vOjp itj;jpUe;j epfotpy;iy.
nfhs;tdT nra;jhu;fs;. nfhs;tdT aKdhtpd; kuzjz;lid Fwpj;j aKdhitf; nfhiy nra;j
nra;j nghUl;fis jhk; J}f;fpf; Rtnuhl;bia ,sf;fapw;why; xUtd; Neuj;jpy; tPiukuj;jpy; Rtnuhl;biaf;
fhtKbahJ vd;wgbahy; jkJ Rw;wpf; fl;bf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mjd; fl;ba Gyp mikg;ghsd;
(mtid mg;nghOJ epkhy; vd;W
mioj;jhu;fs;.) rpy jpdq;fspy; vkJ
fy;tp epWtdj;jpw;Fs; te;J jhk;
Vd; aKdhitf; nfhiy nra;Njhk;
vd;w epahaj;ij khztu;fSf;Fr;
nrhy;tjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; Nfl;lhd;.
mtDf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij ehk;
toq;fpNdhk;. toq;fpNa MfNtz;Lk;.
mtd; khztu;fspd; Kd;dpUe;J mjd;
fijiar; nrhy;yj; njhlq;fpdhd;.
JZf;fhapypUe;j ,e;jpa
,uhZtj;jpw;Fk; aKdhtpw;Fk;
njhlu;G ,Ue;jijAk; mq;fpUe;j
nrhu;zg;gd; vd;w ,uhZtj;jhDf;Fk;
aKdhTf;Fk; fhjy; njhlu;G
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nrhu;zg;gDf;F vOjpa fhjy;
fbjk; jk;kplk; ,Ug;gjhfr; nrhy;yp
mjid thrpj;Jf; fhl;bdhd;. ehd;
62 62
khztu;fspd; gpd;dhy; epd;W Nfl;Lf; vd;W vJTk; njupahjjhy; mjidj; ikjhdj;jpy; Mrpupau;fs; jtW
nfhz;bUe;Njd;. jtpu;f;fpNwd;. tpl;lhYk; khztu;fis mbg;gJ
mtDila tpsf;fkspg;G vd;Dila tho;tpy; me;j Nghy; Xq;fp mbj;J tpLthu;. jdJ if
Kba mtd; aKdh nrhu;zg;gDf;F ez;gpf;F vg;nghOJk; xU jdp Xq;fpa if vd;gijNa mtu; mbf;fb
vOjpa fbjj;ij thrpj;J KbAk; ,lk;> kupahij ,Uf;fpwJ. me;jf; nrhy;YtJ. mjdhYk; khztu;fSf;F
NghJ > me;j tFg;gpypUe;j mtsJ fhyj;jpd; ',uj;j rhl;rpak;" mts;. mtiu ed;F gpbj;jpUe;jJ. mtUila
ez;gp ',e;jf; fbjj;ij vdf;Fg; me;j ,lu; mile;j fhyj;jpy; ahtUk; ,sikf;fhyj;jpy; fpspj;jl;L
ghu;f;fj; jhUq;fs;" vd;whs;. mtd; kTdkhd fhyj;jpy; aKdhtpdJ tpisahl;by; mfpy ,yq;ifapy;
nfhLj;jhd;. ghu;j;j clNdNa ez;gpapd; Nfs;tp mjp Kf;fpakhdJ. 'FUtp" vd;W gl;lk; vLj;jtu;
mjidj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J ',J vdJ ,g;nghOJ ,jidr; nrhy;Yk; mtu;.
ez;gp aKdhtpd; ifnaOj;jy;y" nghOJ Nfl;gjw;F mJ ntWk; jd;idg; Nghy; xU
vd;whs;. fijahf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; md;iwa jpwik nfhz;l xU ngz;zhf
xU Kiw vr;rpiy tpOq;fpa epiy fijf;fhdjy;y. ,d;ndhU jdJ kfisAk; mtu; tsu;j;jhu;.
me;jg; Gyp mikg;ghsd; 'xwp[pdy; nfhiyf;fhdJ. Mdhy; aKdhtpd; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfspy; 100 kPl;lh;>
fbjj;ij ehk; jiytUf;F ez;gpapdJ me;jf; Nfs;tpapd; gpd; 200kPl;lu; vd;w Ntf Xl;lq;fs;
mDg;gptpl;Nlhk;" vd;whd;. rpy kOq;fpa gjpy;fSld; me;j vd;whYk; rup> mQ;ry; Xl;lk; kw;Wk;
'Vd; ePq;fs; me;j xwp[pdy; ,lj;ij tpl;L mfd;whd; me;jg; tiyg;ge;J tpisahl;L> irf;fps;
fbjj;ij mtSila mg;ghTf;Ff; Gyp mikg;ghsd;. Xl;lk; vd;whYk; kpf Ntfj; jpwik
fhl;ltpy;iy?" vd;W jpUk;gTk; aKdhtpd; je;ij vkJ nfhz;l ngz; mts;. ,jid me;j
Nfl;lhs; ez;gp. ghlrhiyapd; clw;gapw;rp (gp. Cu; KOtJk; mwpAk;. mijAk; tpl
gpd;dhy; epd;w vdf;Fs; up.) kh];lu;. tpisahl;bd; jd;Dila ,stajpNyNa fyg;igapy;
,uj;jk; ciwe;jJ. mtdplk; mjw;F rl;ljpl;lq;fspy; mjd; xOq;Ffspy; khL G+l;b jdJ fhzpia cOJ
xU gjpYk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. me;j xOq;Ffisf; filg;gpbg;gjpy; gapu; tpijj;jijAk; vd;idg; Nghy;
me;j ez;gpapd; ngaiu ,e;j kpfTk; fLikahdtu;. Mdhy; me;j Cu; mwpAk;. mjidAk; tpl
,lj;jpy; ghtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw khztu;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; mtiu ehl;Lf; $j;J Nkilfspy; jdJ
vdf;F tpUg;gk; mjpfk; cs;sJ. mts; ed;F gpbf;Fk;. mtuJ Neu;ikahd jpwikia ntspf;fhl;b epd;wts;.
vq;fpUf;fpwhs;? vg;gbapUf;fpwhs;? Fzk; khztu;fis mtUf;F mUfpy; mj;jid jdpj; jpwikfSlDk; me;j
“
vd;d kdepiyapy; ,Uf;fpwhs;? vg;nghOJk; epWj;Jk;. tpisahl;L Cupy; fis fl;bats; aKdh.
mg;gbahd xU ngz;iz
vJTNkaw;w xU ngha;fhuzk; nrhy;yp
mtDila tpsf;fkspg;G Kba mtd; Gypfs; gLnfhiy nra;jhu;fs;.
aKdh nrhu;zg;gDf;F vOjpa fbjj;ij mtisf; nfhiy nra;tjw;fhfr;
thrpj;J KbAk; NghJ > me;j tFg;gpypUe;j nrhd;d fhuzq;fisg; ngha;
vd;W nrhy;y ,d;W tiu me;j Cu;
mtsJ ez;gp ',e;jf; fbjj;ij vdf;Fg; kf;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; tha;f;ftpy;iy.
ghu;f;fj; jhUq;fs;" vd;whs;. mtd; mz;ikapy; aKdhtpd; mg;gh
gp.up. ghf;fpaehjd; mtu;fisAk;
nfhLj;jhd;. ghu;j;j clNdNa mjidj; mtsJ mk;khitAk; re;jpf;f Kbe;jJ.
jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J ',J vdJ ez;gp ehd; mtu;fsplk; NeubahfNt
aKdhtpd; ifnaOj;jy;y" vd;whs;. Ngrj; njhlq;fpNdd;.
aKdhtpd; nfhiy
xU Kiw vr;rpiy tpOq;fpa me;jg; njhlu;ghfNt ehd; cq;fSld;
Gyp mikg;ghsd; 'xwp[pdy; fbjj;ij ehk; mjpfk; NgrNtz;Lk; vd;Nwd;.
jiytUf;F mDg;gptpl;Nlhk;" vd;whd;. 'Vd; ,UtUk; rw;W epkplk;
Ngrtpy;iy. ,j;jid tUlq;fspd;
ePq;fs; me;j xwp[pdy; fbjj;ij mtSila gpd; mJ Fwpj;j Ngr;ir vLg;gjpy;
mg;ghTf;Ff; fhl;ltpy;iy?" vd;W jpUk;gTk; mtu;fSf;Fs; jd;Dzu;T neUbapUf;f
Ntz;Lk;. aKdhtpd; kuztPl;by;
Nfl;lhs; ez;gp. ghu;j;j gpd; md;Wjhd; mtu;fisg;
gpd;dhy; epd;w vdf;Fs; ,uj;jk; ghu;j;Njd;. mg;NghJ 33 tUlq;fs;
ciwe;jJ. “
mtdplk; mjw;F xU gjpYk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
fle;jpUe;jd.
rpwpJ Neuk; kTdk; fhj;Jtpl;L
Nru; Ngrpdhu;. aKdhtpd; mk;kh
Fdpe;jgb mOJnfhz;bUe;jhu;.
63 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202363
'jk;gp gpd;G nfhQ;r ehl;fspy; ghf;fpaehjd; kh];lu; njspTglf; %d;W ePz;l ngupa kuf; Fw;wpfs;
mtu;fSila tupg;Gyp Milfis $wpdhu;. vupe;j FiwNahL re;jpapy; fple;jd.
mzpahj nts;is cLg;Gfis ehd; Kd;dNu vOjpaJ aKdhit me;jf; Fw;wp xd;wpy;
cLj;jpagb rpy Gypfs; tPLNjb Nghy; aKdh 26 khu;r; 1989 ,y; ,Uj;jpapUf;fpwhu;fs;. mioj;J
te;jhu;fs;" vd;W nrhd;dhu;. gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLk; tiu te;jtu;fspy; xUj;jp 'cdf;F vJ
te;jtu;fs; 'me;jf; nfhiy jhd; flj;jg;gl;bUf;fpNwd; tpUg;gk;? G+th? nghl;lh?" vdf;
jtWjyhf eilngw;W tpl;lJ! vd;Nwh Gypfspd; nkhopapy; Nfl;lhshk;.
gps;isf;Fk; fhyk; te;jpl;LJ. jhd; xU JNuhfp vd;Nwh my;yJ 'vdf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy" vd;W
vq;fl Mf;fSk; mtrug;gl;bl;bdk;" jhd; nfhy;yg;glg; NghfpNwd; ahKdh gjpy; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhs;.
vd;Wk;> mjw;F gUg;Gk; rPdpAk; ju vd;Nwh mts; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. jpUk;gTk; 'Rk;kh nrhy;Y.
,Ug;gjhfr; nrhy;yp xU Ngg;gupy; ghz;bad; Fsj;jpy; mtisj; G+th? nghl;lh? cdf;Fg; gpbf;Fk;
xg;Gjy; ifnaOj;J thq;f te;jhu;fs;. jq;f itj;jpUe;j tPl;bYk; mts; vd;W nrhy;Y" vdf; Nfl;bUf;fpwhs;.
'me;j ,lj;jpy; Xq;fp Vd; ,q;F te;jpUf;fpwhs; vd;Nwh Gypf;fhug; ngz;.
mbj;jpUg;Ngd;. vd;Dila jhd; ahUila kfs; vd;Nwh aKdh vNjr;irahf mjd;
Mj;jpuj;ij mlf;fpf; nfhz;L> 'cd;u njupag;gLj;jtpy;iy. mJ Vd; cs;tptfhuk; GupahJ 'nghl;L"
gUg;Gf;Fk; rPdpf;Fk; ehd; Gs;sg; vd;W ,d;W tiu njupatpy;iy. vd;wpUf;fpwhs;. clNd new;wpapy;
ngNwy;y" vz;L nrhy;yptpl;L mjd; gpd;dhYs;s R+l;Rkk; 'nghl;L" itj;J tpl;bUf;fpwhu;fs;
ehd; tPl;Lf;Fs;s Nghl;ld; jk;gp . mwpaKbatpy;iy. Gypg; ngz;fs;.
vd;u kdprpNahl ,Ue;J fdNeuk; nfhiyf;fhf mioj;Jr; aKdhitf; nfhiy nra;j
fijr;Rf; ifnaOj;J Ntz;bf; nry;Yk;NghJ mtisj; jq;f ngz;Zk; nfhiy ele;J rpy
nfhz;L Nghdhq;fs;." vd;whu;. itj;jpUe;j me;j tPl;bypUe;J khjq;fspy; Xke;ijapypUe;J
mtuJ kidtpAk; md;W ele;j ngw;Nwhuplk; nfhz;L Ngha; nyhwpapy; te;j nghOJ ,uhZtj;jpd;
fijiar; nrhy;yp jd;idf; fl;lhag; tpLtjhfr; nrhy;ypf; $l;br; fpisNkhupy; ,we;J tpl;lhs;.
gLj;jp me;jf; nfhiyf;fhd kd;dpg;G nrd;wpUf;fpwhu;fs;.(,q;Nf ,ay;ghf Kf;fpa R+j;jpujhupAk; mkpu;jypq;fk;
xg;Gjiy thq;fpr; nrd;whu;fs; vd;whu;. vof;$ba re;Njfq;fis ehd; nfhiyAld; ,we;J tpl;lhd;. Mdhy;
md;iwa fhyj;jpy; ,e;jf; nfhiyf;F jtpu;f;fpNwd;. ,J mjw;fhd Ma;T ghUq;fs;> ,e;j xU nfhiyapy;
kl;Lky;y ve;jf; nfhiyf;Fk; kf;fs; ,J my;y.) kl;Lk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gyu; ,d;Wk;
ahUk; xU rpwpa vjpu;f; FuiyAk; toikahfg; Gypfs; capNuhL ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fs;
fhl;lhJ ,Ue;jjw;fhd gaj;ij kuzjz;lid toq;Fk; kpd;fk;gk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; jhk; thOk;
tpsf;fpagb mtu; Ngrpdhu;. toikia xd;W ky;yhtpr; re;jpapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. fhyj;jpy; jhk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l nfhiy
tplTk; ky;yhtpf; fpuhkk; nfhiyg; ,e;jg; glj;jpy; fhZk; fk;gk; GjpaJ. Fwpj;J kpff; fLikahd nghWg;Gf;
gaKWj;jYf;Fs;shd fhyk; mJ fpl;lj;jl;l ,jd; mUfpNyNa mJ $wy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Nw ek;GfpNwd;.
vd;whu;. ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; Gypfs; aKdhitf; me;jg; nghWg;gpidj; jl;bf;fopj;J
mkpu;jypq;fj;ijg; gLnfhiy fk;gj;jpy; fl;ltpy;iy. mtspd; capu; tho;jy; ve;j mu;j;jq;fisAk;
nra;ar; nrd;w tpR vd;w Gypfspd; nfhiyf;F ,uz;L khjq;fspd; mtu;fsJ tho;tpw;Fj; je;J tplhJ.
gLnfhiyahsd; mg;nghOJ Kd; jk;kplk; cupik ngwhJ aKdhtpd; xU epow;glj;ijj;
ky;yhtpapy; jq;fp epd;whd;. mtNd my;yJ fg;gk; fl;lhJ kuk; Vw;wp jd;Dk; ngw;W tplNtz;Lk; my;yJ
aKdhtpd; nfhiyf;Fk; Kf;fpa te;j nyhwpapypUe;j kuq;fisg; ghu;j;Jtpl Ntz;Lk; vd epidj;J
“
fhuzkhdtd; vd;gjid gp.up gwpj;Jg; Gypfs; nfhOj;jpdu;. mjpy; Nruplk; Nfl;lnghOJ> 'jk;gp
mtsJ glq;fis kl;Lky;y> mtsJ
tpisahl;Lr; rhd;wpjo;fs;> vdJ
aKdhit me;jf; Fw;wp xd;wpy; ,Uj;jpapUf;fpwhu;fs;. tpisahl;Lr; rhd;wpjo;fs;> aKdhtpd;
mioj;J te;jtu;fspy; xUj;jp 'cdf;F vJ tpUg;gk;? ehlfg; glq;fs;> cLg;Gf;fs;
G+th? nghl;lh?" vdf; Nfl;lhshk;. midj;ijAk; tl;Lthfypy;
'vdf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy" vd;W ahKdh gjpy; iftpl;Ltpl;Nld;. vJTNkaw;W
nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhs;. ntWq;ifAld;jhd; ,q;F jpUk;gp
jpUk;gTk; 'Rk;kh nrhy;Y. G+th? nghl;lh? cdf;Fg; te;jpUf;fpNwd;. vd;ifapy; ,g;nghOJ
gpbf;Fk; vd;W nrhy;Y" vdf; Nfl;bUf;fpwhs;. Gypf;fhug; vJTkpy;iy" vd;W fz;fyq;fpdhu;.
ngz;. Mirf;Fg; ghu;f;f xU Gifg;glKk;
aKdh vNjr;irahf mjd; cs;tptfhuk; GupahJ ,y;yag;G vd;whu;.
“
'nghl;L" vd;wpUf;fpwhs;. clNd new;wpapy; 'nghl;L"
itj;J tpl;bUf;fpwhu;fs; Gypg; ngz;fs;.
Gypfs; Ks;sptha;f;fhy;
tiu kf;fis mioj;Jr; nrd;W
jkJ tuyhw;iw kl;Lk; mtu;fs;
mopf;ftpy;iy.
64 64
eha[k;
gpiHf;Fk;
,g; gpiHg;g[>
jpyPgd; vd;w tQ;rfg; Nghuhspia mjd; njhlu;r;rpahf Gypfs; jpiu muq;fpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J> My;
Gdpjg; Nghuhspahff; fl;likj;j ,yq;if muRld; xU GupjYf;F te;J ,d; My; moFuh[hthf Gypfspd;
Nftykhd rpWfij 'nka;naOj;J" mtu;fsplk; MAjq;fSk; gzk; kw;Wk; gpujpgpk;gkhf jd;id Kd;itj;jNjhL
vd;w jiyg;gpy; capu;ik ,jopy; ghJfhg;GfSk; ngw;W gpNukjhrtpd; tpUijAk; thq;fpf;nfhz;lhu;.
te;jpUf;fpwJ. iff;$ypfshf ,aq;fpdhu;fs; . xU ebfUf;Fk; Nghuhspf;Fk;
jpyPgd; cz;zhtpujj;jpw;F Kd; Kjd; Kjypy; ,yq;if ,ilapy; NtWgLk; gz;G ,J.
khw;W ,af;fq;fis nfhd;wopj;jjpy; muRld; iff;$ypfshf Nru;e;J FzKq;$l.
Kd;dpiy tfpj;jJk; me;ehspy; nfhiy ,aq;fpatu;fs; Gypfs;jhd;. ,Jtiu Gypfspd; ve;jnthU
ntwpNahL aho; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; vOj;jhsu;fSf;F Fiwe;j ngUk; gpur;rhu rhjdq;fSk; ru;tNjr
Jtf;NfhL miye;jJk;jhd; jpyPgdpd; gl;rk; ,Uz;l gf;f cz;ikfisf; kl;lj;jpy; nra;aKbahjij jdpnahU
cz;ikahd cUtk;. fhg;ghw;Wk; rkepiy Ntz;Lk; . Mshf Nkw;Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L
,yq;if muR jkpoPo tpLjiy kypdkhd ,yf;fpa mg;glj;jpd;%yk; nra;JKbj;jhu;.
,af;fq;fis mopj;njhopf;f vg;gb mq;fPfhuq;fSf;fhfNth> vJ re;ijapy; ntspehl;ltu;fSf;F vjpuhd>
Kad;Wnfhz;bUe;jNjh mij fd nry;Yk; vd;gjw;fhfNth vOJtJ FbNawpfis Nkhrkhdtu;fshf
fr;rpjkhf Gypfs; nra;JKbj;jdu;. ,yf;fpaNghu;it Nghu;j;jpf;nfhz;l rpj;jupj;j ,g;glj;jpd; gpur;rhuk;
,e;j khw;W ,af;fq;fis fOijg;Gypfspd; top. gw;wp ,q;F Ngrtutpy;iy .
mopj;jpLk; nfhiyntwp Neuq;fspy; Gypfs; ,Uf;Fk; tiu jdJ gpnuQ;R ,lJrhupg; gj;jpupiffs;
jpyPgd; kapy;FQ;Rf;F Nghu;it Gyp kdf;fl;likg;ig mlf;fp Kbe;jtiu mjd; ,dthjf; $Wfis
toq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy . thrpj;j Nrhghrf;jp> Gyp khjpupAk; NjhYupj;Jf;fhl;bd.
me;j mopj;njhopg;gpd; gpujhd ,Uf;fNtZk;> ,y;yhj khjpupAk; Nrhghrf;jpf;Nfh te;jtiu
Gypfspd; jsgjpfspy; mtDk; ,Uf;fNtZk;! <ak; G+RdkhjpupAk; yhgk;.
xUtdhapUe;jhd;. ,Uf;fNtZk; G+rhj khjpupAk; mJ njhl;L mtu; Gypfspd;
,yq;if - ,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;ij ,Uf;fNtZk; vd;gjw;nfhg;g kPjpUe;j mDjhg- gr;rhjhg- ,uq;fy;
jdJ mNahf;fpaj;jdkhd je;jpNuhgha vOjpte;J GypfSf;Fg; gpd; czu;Tfisnay;yhk; jd;id Nehf;fp
cz;zh Nehd;G %yk; jpir jpUg;gp 'cilahu; ngUikf;F ,Lg;gpy; yhtfkhf ,Oj;Jf; ifafg;gLj;jj;
kf;fspd; mikjp -rkhjhdk; - ryq;if fl;baNtfj;jpy;" jd; njhlq;fpdhu;.
kw;Wk; ,e;jpahit vjpu;ghu;j;J epd;w Nkw;Nghu;itfisAk; cs;shil ,r;rh> Myh vd;W Gypfs;
vjpu;ghu;g;Gfis xU vNkhrdy; fisAk; mtpo;j;njwpaj;njhlq;fpdhu; jug;gpy; Gdpjg; Nghuhspfshfg;
czu;ntOr;rp %yk; jpUfp xU ngUk; . rupahf mtu; jd;id Gide;J khw;W ,af;fg;Nghuhspfis
murpaw; gLFopapy; tPo;j;jpajpy; ,e;j mtpo;j;Jf;fhl;baJ [hf; Xbahupd; eifr;Ritg; ghj;jpuq;fshf vOjpf;
cz;zhtpujj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhd jPgd; glk; %yk;. mJtiu ftdkhfg; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
,lKz;L. gaq;futhjpfshf ru;tNjrnkq;Fk; xU nghJg;Gj;jp kl;lj;jpy;
fpl;lj;jl;l iftplg;gl;l epuhfupf;fg;gl;l Gypfis Xtu; iel;by; Gypfs; nra;j mNj gpur;rhu
epiyapy; ,Ue;j Gypfis muq;fpw;Ff; tpLjiyg;Nghuhspfshf ru;tNjr Ntiyfisj;jhd; guk;giug; Gypahd
nfhz;Lte;j mgj;j ehlfKk; ,e;j Nrhghrf;jpAk; ,yf;fpag; Nghu;it
cz;zhtpujk; %yKk; mjd;
njhlu;r;rpahfTk;jhd; ele;jJ. Rfd; Nghu;j;jpr; nra;J tUfpwhu;. ,q;Nf
'gQ;rj;Jf;Fg; GypAk; guk;giug;
65 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202365
GypAk;" vd;w mtuJ nrhy;yhliyf; >jkpo;ejp Nghd;Nwhiu tpl ,Wjptiu njhlu;e;j ghrpr
ftdk; nfhs;f ! Ntfkhf Kd;dpiyapy;jhd; eltbf;iffs; ,tw;iw kiwj;J
Gyp MjuT epiyapy; epd;W XLfpwhu;. ahu; nty;tJ vd;gJ xU ngUkjpg;gpw;Fupa jiytu; gpk;gk;
jkpof rQ;rpiffs; nfhLf;Fk; MjuT gpur;riday;y. ve;jj; jug;gpw;fhf fl;likf;fg;gl;L 'NkjF" vd;w
toikNghy ,f; fijf;Fk; Mde;j tpisahl;Lf;fsj;jpy; epw;fpNwhk; glk; cyhttplg;gl;lNjh mNjNghy
tpfld; %yk; fpilj;jpUf;fpwJ . vd;gJk; ftdj;jpw;FupaJ. jpyPgd; vd;w nka;naOj;J fijAk;
,e;j Gyp MjuT epiyia fr;rpjkhf gpiog;Gthjk; vd;W Nrhghrf;jpahy; jkpof urpfu;fis
mWtil nra;JtUfpwhu; Nrhghrf;jp. te;Jtpl;lhy; nrf;Fk; rptypq;fKk; kdjpy; nfhz;L vOjg;gl;lNjad;wp
,jpy; jd; rf Xl;lg; xd;Nwjhd;. mwj;jpd; topapy; my;y.
Nghl;bahsu;fshd jPgr;nry;td; gpughfudpd; njhlf;f n[afhe;jd; Fwpg;gpl;lJNghy
>Fzh ftpaofd;> mfuKjy;td; fhyKjyhd rNfhjug; gLnfhiyfs;> czu;Tr; Ruz;lYk; Ruz;ly;jhd;.
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,e;jpahtpw;F mjd; <Lghl;bw;fhf rpWtu;fs; vd;gjhy; nfhy;yhky; Nghuhsp thfdj;ij vLj;Jr; nrd;W
rq;flj;ij>%f;fWg;ig cUthf;Fk; jpUk;gp te;Jtpl;l;ldu;. mg;NghJ nfhy;yhky; tpl;l GypfisAk; Rl;L
Nehf;fpy; jpl;lkpl;L me;Neuj;jpy; tl;Lf;Nfhl;il KOJk; jpyPgdpd; jg;gpNahlhky; kpr;rkpUe;jtu;fisAk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lit vd New;Wg; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;jJ. Rl;Ljs;spdhd;.
ghu;j;Njhk;> kf;fs; ,e;jpahtpd; jpyPgd; epr;rhkj;ij Nru;e;j (tp[agh];fud;)
jiyaPl;il fz;zPu; ky;f u\;ad; vd;gtupd; kidtpahd nuNyhit mopg;gjpy; Jtf;Fld;
Fk;gpl;L tuNtw;w me;j Neu 'rq;fhid mk;kh" vd;gtu; tPl;by; ntwp gpbj;j kpUfkhf miye;jij
R+o;epiyia rPu;Fiyj;J jpupj;J epw;fpwhu;. mq;Nf te;J tl;Lf;Nfhl;il ehd; Neupy; fz;Nld;. mJTk;
xU Gjpa tQ;rf ntspf;Fs; kf;fs; rq;fuj;ij Kfhkpy; ,Ue;j rpWtu;fis rpwPrghuj;jpdk; fl;ilg;gpuhapy;
,Oj; J tplg; g l; l hu; f s; . mJNt nfhy;yhky; jpUk;gp te;j tpLjiyg; ,Ue;J jg;gp jghy; ngl;b xOq;ifapy;
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“
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m`pk;rh%u;j;jp vd epidT$ug;gl;l (rz; ,d; mz;zu; tPl;by;) cjtp
jpyPgd; Fwpj;j kWgf;fk; ,J. Nrhghrf;jpf;Nfh te;jtiu Nfl;lNghJ mtu;fis njhlu;e;J
jpyPgid neQ;rpy; ,Uj;Jgtu;fs; Juj;jpte;j rpwpa VNf FOtpw;F
,e;jf; frg;ghd cz;ikfisAk;
yhgk;. jiytd; ,e;j vd; khztd;
mwpe;jpUg;gJ ey;yJ. mJ njhl;L jpyPgd;. ,Jgw;wp ngupa tuyhNw
'cz;ikfspy; ,Ue;J cz;ikiaj; mtu; Gypfspd; kPjpUe;j vOjyhk;. ,g;NghJ Ntz;lhk;.
NjLq;fs;" vd;nwhU rPdg; gonkhop mDjhg- gr;rhjhg- ,uq;fy; mtupd;...? Nfhupf;ifia Kd;itj;J
,Uf;fpwJ. czu;Tfisnay;yhk; jpyPgid Gdpju; Mf;fp fq;ifapy;
tl;Lf;Nfhl;ilapy; ,e;jj; jpyPgd; jd;id Nehf;fp yhtfkhf Fspg;ghl;lhjPu;fs; fUzhfuNd.
Fk;gy; nuNyh ,af;fr; rpWtu; ,Oj;Jf; ifafg;gLj;jj; `pl;yiu Gdpjuhf;fpaJ Nghy;
Nghuhspfs; 32 Ngu; kPJ epfo;j;jpa njhlq;fpdhu;. Mf;fp eLtPl;by; ,Uj;jpaJ Nghy;
$l;Lg; gLnfhiy ,d;Dk; ,r;rh> Myh vd;W MfptpLk;. (rpth KUFg;gps;is )
gpurpj;jkhdJ. Gypfs; jug;gpy; Gdpjg;
nuNyh gLnfhiyfspd; Nghuhspfshfg; Gide;J cUk;gpuhapy; rptFkhud; rpiyf;F
njhlu;r;rpahf ele;j nfhiyfs;,it. khw;W ,af;fg;Nghuhspfis Kd;ghf Nfhtpe;jrhkp vd;w
aho; khtl;lnkq;Fk; gutyhf nuNyh eifr;Ritg; ghj;jpuq;fshf KjpatUf;Fk; kNdhd;kzpf;Fk;
Nghuhspfs; nfhy;yg;gl;lNghJ kuzjz;lid toq;fpa mfpk;rhthjp
tl;Lf;Nfhl;ilapy; nuNyhTf;F
vOjpf; ftdkhfg; ghu;j;Jf; ahu;? (uF fjpuNtY)
mwpag;gl;l Kfhk; ,Ue;jJ. khtb nfhz;lhu;.
Kfhk; vd mwpag;gl;lJ. xU nghJg;Gj;jp jpahf jPgk; jpyPgd; vd;w xg;ghup
fpof;F khfhzj;ijr; Nru;e;j kl;lj;jpy; Gypfs; Muk;gkhfptpl;lJ. jpyPgDld; Nru;e;J
nuNyh Nghuhspfspd; njhlu;gpy; nra;j mNj gpur;rhu ,aq;fpatu;fSf;Fj; njupAk; me;j
,sk; rpWtu;fshf aho;g;ghzk; Ntiyfisj;jhd; guk;giug; jpahf jPgk; capNuhL vupj;j NghJ
te;J tl;Lf;Nfhl;il Kfhkpy; Gypahd Nrhghrf;jpAk; vOe;j jPgj;ij.
,yf;fpag; Nghu;it Nghu;j;jpr;
,Ue;jtu;fs; gyu; fz; Nehapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;.
tl;Lf;Nfhl;il Kfhkpy;
,Ue;jtu;fis nfhd;wopf;f te;j
“
nra;J tUfpwhu;.
ey;Y}u; NfhtpYf;F Kd;
capNuhL uau; Nghl;L vupj;jNghJ
vOe;j jPgk; cq;fisr; Rl;Lf;nfhz;Nl
,Uf;Fk;. (Gjpatd; uhra;ah)
66 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202366
tpku;rdk;
Nghuhl;lq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd
vdJ Mr;rpapd;
Nghuhl;lf; Fwpg;Gfs; utpf;ifiaf; fpopj;jhu;fs;
vOjg;gLfpd;wd
mUe;Jk; ePupy;
Nghuhbatu;fSk; kyj;ijf; fye;jhu;fs;
Nghuhlj; J}z;batu;fSk;
xLf;FKiwfs;
mtu;jk; Fwpg;Gfis vOJfpd;wdu; cynfq;Fk; cs;sd
Nghuhl;lj; jpirfs; td;KiwfSk; vq;Fk; cs;sd

,ize;Jk; gpupe;Jk;
jpupe;Jk; nry;fpd;wd ,ize;J NghuhLNthk;
Jau; epiwe;j vq;fs; fijfisg;

vkJ typfisf; NfSq;fs;! gbj;Jg; ghUq;fs;
xLf;Fk; jisfis cilj;njwpAk; ,y;iy

tuyhw;iw vOJNthk;!
Gjpa fijfis ePq;fs; gbAq;fs;
vOJq;fs; vOJq;fs;
Mjpf;f Ntu;fis
cuj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; tuyhwhf ,Wfg; gw;wpf;nfhz;L
vkJ fijfs; ,Uf;fl;Lk;! ePq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;tiu
vdJ jhj;jhit cq;fshy; vOjh

gidNahL jwpj;jhu;fs; tuyhWfis tpku;rpf;fhjpUq;fs;!
tsUjy; cly; fpope;J

FUjpf;Fs; epw;Fk;
mtyj;ij ehd;
rpl;Lf;FUtpfs; mofha; vq;F nrd;Wiug;Ngd;?"
fl;ba rpW$l;il
mtd; cilj;J tPo;j;jpdhd;. jha;f;FUtpapd; Gyk;gy;
fPr;nrhypaha;
capu;j;J cUkhwp Kul;Lr; rhusq;fspy;
kQ;rs; myF jpwe;J njwpj;J mjpu;e;jd>
jha;f;FUtp Cl;ba
czT vr;rq;fSld; 'tpiuthfr; rhkp Fk;gpl;bl;L
rpjwp tPo;e;jd kwf;fhky; jpUePW G+rpf;nfhz;L
fUQ; rhk;gy; FQ;Rfs;. NghapUe;J gb"
vd;d ghtk; nra;jd ehspjopy; %o;fp

vd;dUk; FQ;Rfs;? mku;e;jpUe;j je;ijapy; gl;L
ckh
18.02.2023
fhw;W kio ghuhJ
ehDk; mtDk;
rpWfr; Nrfupj;J
milfhj;J tsu;j;NjhNk ..
rikayiwapy; xypj;j
jhapd; thu;j;ijfs; kl;LNk
mtd; fhjpy; tpOe;jd.

67 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202367
Yl;tpf; tpw;bfd;!;iud;
eluh$h RrPe;jpud;
nr.Nt.fhrpehjd; mtu;fs; vOjpa Ma;e;jwpTk; kpf;f rpe;jidahsu; A+jg; guk;giu vdpDk; mtuJ
tpw;fd;];iud;: nkhop> mu;j;jk;> kdk; xUtuhy; jkpo; nkhop> jkpopd; je;ijtopg; ghl;ldpy; ,Ue;J>
vd;w E}y;> f;upah ntspaPlhf [_ ,yf;fzf; Nfhl;ghLfSld; mtu;fs; Gul;l];jhe;J kjj;jpw;F
iy 2021 ,y; ntspte;jpUfpd;wJ. xg;gpl;L vOjg;gl;L kdk; <u;f;Fk; khwpatu;fs;. jha; fj;Njhypf;fu;
tpw;nfd;];iud; vd;fpw ngau; mofpa E}yhf ntspte;jpUg;gJ vd;gjhy; Yl;tpf; tpw;nfd;];iud;
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; nka;apay; jkpOyfpy; kpf Kf;fpa epfo;thfg; mtu;fSk; xU fj;Njhypf;fdhfNt
cyfpy; mjpfk; Ngrg;gl;ljhf ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Qhd];jhdk; ngw;whu;.
,Uf;fpd;wNghJk;> mtuJ nka;apay; Yl;tpf; tpw;nfd;];iud; je;ij M];jpupahtpd; ,Uk;G
Nfhl;ghLfs; vd;d vd;gjpy; Jiwrhu; mtu;fs; 26k; jpfjp Vg;wpy; khjk; cUf;Fj; njhopw;rhiyfspd;
Gyikahsu;fSf;fpilapYk; mjw;F 1889 ,y; M];jpupahtpd; tPad;dh cupikahsuhf ,Ue;jhu;; nry;te;ju;.
ntspapYk; mjpfk; cWjpaw;w efupy; gpwe;jhu;. mtuJ G+u;tPfk; xd;gJ gps;isfspy; Yl;tpf;
tpsf;fq;fSk;> khWghlhd nghUs; tpw;nfd;];iuNd> ,isatu;.
Nfhly;fSk; cUthfpa epiyNa %d;W Mz; rNfhju;fs;> ,tuJ
fhzg;gl;lNghJk;> mtuJ kiwTf;Fg; mz;zhf;fs; ,sikapNyNa
gpd;du; tpw;fd;];iudprk; vd;w xU jw;nfhiy nra;Jnfhz;ldu;. gTy;
Nghf;Ff;$lf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vd;w ,tuJ vQ;rpa xNu mz;zd;
,uz;lhtJ cyfg;NghUf;Fg; gpd;dNu Kjyhk; cyfNghupy; xU ifapid
Nkw;Fyfpd; nka;apaw; Nfhl;ghLfs; ,oe;J> gpd;du; xUifAld; gpahNdh
jkpopy; gutyilfpd;wd. fle;j ,irf;Fk; ,irf; fiyQdhf
mWgJ> vOgJ Mz;Lfspy; mit Gfo;ngw;whu;.
gw;wpa E}y;fs; Nghjpa mstpy; ,tu;fs; nry;te;ju;fs;
jkpopy; ntspte;Js;sd vd;Wk; Mifahy; tPl;bNyNa gpuj;jpNaf
$wKbahJ. Mrpupau;fsplk; gjpdhd;F taJtiu
,e; epiyapy; nr.Nt.fhrpehjd; fw;wgpd;du; %d;W tUlq;fs;(1903-1905)
mtu;fs; Mf;fpa tpw;fd;];iud;: ghlrhiyf;Fr; nrd;W fy;tp
nkhop> mu;j;jk;> kdk; vd;w E}y;> ngw;whu;. gpd;du; tpkhd kw;Wk;
nkhop> mu;j;jk;> kdk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; gwg;gha;Tg; nghwpapayhsuhf
tpw;nfd;];iudpd; Ma;Tfs;> n[u;kdpapd; ngu;ypd; njhopy;
rpe;jid ntspg;ghLfs; gw;wp etPd> El;gg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;(1906-1908)
nrOikahd jkpopy; msitapy;> gbj;j gpd;du; 1908,y; ,q;fpyhe;jpd;
nka;apay; Jiwfspy; ePz;lfhyf; khd;nr];lu; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; Ma;T
fw;gpj;jy; mDgtKk;> Mo;e;j khztdhfr; Nru;e;J n[l; tpkhdk;
68 68
kw;Wk; tpkhd ,aq;Fnghwpf;fhd

tFg;gpw;F cy;yhrg; gazpfs;
khjpup tbtikg;Gf;fis Mf;Fk;
tuNtz;lhk;" vd;Nw $wptpl;lhu;.
Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;.
mtu; cy;yhrg; gazpfs; vd;W
epiwaNt gl;lq;fs; tbikg;Gr;
Fwpg;gpl;lJ fpukkhf tuhNjhiu.
nra;jpUf;fpd;whu;.
Rkhu; 20 Ngu;tiu khztu;fs;.
,ay;gpNyNa fzpjtpaypd;
,tUf;Fg; Nguhrpupaua; ,Ue;j %u;
Mu;tk; fhuzkhf ngu;whz;l; w];]
mtu;fSk; $l Kd;tupir khzhf;fuhf
y; mtu;fsJ fzpj tpjpfs; vd;w
,Ue;J fw;Wf;nfhz;L midj;ijAk;
E}iyg; gbj;jNghJ> n[u;kdpapy;
Fwpg;ngLj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. mit
N[dh vd;w ,lj;Jg; gy;fiyf;
nka;apay; gf;fq;fs; vd;w ngaupy;
fofj;jpy; Nguhrpupau; Nfhl;Nyhg;
ntspaplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
/gpNwf (Gottlob Frege- ,tiu
1935 Mk; Mz;L u\;\
mup];Nlhl;lYf;Fg; gpd;du; kfj;jhd
pahtpw;Fr; nrd;w tpw;nfd;];iud;
msitapashsu; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;
mtu;fs; mq;NfNa jq;fptplyhk; vd;W
V. N[. mau;.) mtu;fs; gw;wp mwpe;J
epidj;jJKz;L. gpd;du; nka;apay;
1911 ,y; Nguhrpupau; Nfhl;Nyhg; /
Ma;Tfs; vd;w mjpfk; Gfo;ngw;w
gpNwf mtu;fisr; re;jpj;J mtuJ
E}ypd; Kjw;gFjpapid 1945 Mk;
MNyhridapd; Ngupy; tpw;nfd;];iud;
Mz;lstpy; Nehu;Ntapy; jdJ
mtu;fs; Nfk;gpwp[;f;F te;J wpdpup
rpWtPl;by; itj;Jg; G+uzg;gLj;jpdhu;
fy;Y}upapy; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w
1951 ,y; kuzkhdhu;. me;jg;
nka;apayhsu;fs; ngu;whz;l; u];]y;>
G+uzg;gLj;jpa E}y; ,tuJ kiwTf;Fg;
[p.<.%u; Nghd;wtu;fsplk; Rkhu; mtu;fSf;Fk; u];]y; mtu;fSf;Fk; gpd;du; 1953,y; nka;apay; Ma;Tfs;
5 jtizfs; (1911 -1913) tiu mDg;gp itj;jhu;. Mdhy; u];]y; vd;w ngaupy; ntspahfpaJ.
gbf;fpd;whu;. mq;fpUe;J Nehu;Nt kl;LNk mjpy; Mu;tk; njuptpj;jhu;. me;j E}ypd; cs;slf;fq;fs; gw;wp
ehl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W jdpikapy; mjw;F Kd;DiuAk; vOjpdhu;. mjpfkhfTk; kw;Wk; mtw;NwhL
tho;fpd;whu;. 1914 ,y; Nguhrpupau; MdhYk; u];]y; mtu;fs; jdJ E} njhlu;Gila rpyTk; nr.Nt.
[p.<. %u; mtu;fs; tpw;nfd;];iudplk; iyg; Gupe;Jnfhs;stpy;iy vd;Nw fhrpehjd; mtu;fspd; tpw;fd;];iud;:
nrd;W mtuJ rpe;jidfisf; tpw;nfd;];iud; Fw;wQ;rhl;bdhu;. nkhop> mu;j;jk;> kdk; vd;w E}ypd;
Fwpg;Gf;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. mJNt [p.<.%u; mtu;fs; itj;j tpthjg; nghUs;fshfpapUf;fpd;wd.
,jw;fpilapy; u];]y; mtu;fs; jiyg;Gld; Tractatus logisch ,e; E}ypy; VO fl;Liufs;
mwpT gw;wpa Nfhl;ghL (Theory philosopicus- Logisch philosophische fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;iw
of Knowledge) vd;w mtu; E}iy Abhandlung- ju;f;f nka;apay; mZFtjw;F VJthf Kd;DiuAk;
tpw;nfd;];iud; mtu;fspd; jPtpukhd tpsf;fk; vd;w E}yhf 1921 ,y; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; mbf;Fwpg;Gf;fSk;
tpku;rdj;jpdhy; ntspaplhkNyNa ntspte;Js;sJ. Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd. ,e; E}
js;sp itj;JtpLfpd;whu;. jd; tho;ehspy; tpw;nfd;];iud; ypd; EioTr; rk;gpujhaq;fshd>
mJkl;Lky;yhky;> nka;apaypd; mr;rpl;l E}yhfg; ghu;j;jJ me;jg; E}yff;Fwpg;G> fhzpf;if> te;jdk;
mbg;gilfs; vd;w Jiwapy; Gj;jfj;ij kl;LNk. vd;git Kbaj; jpUf;Fwspy;
Nkw;nfhz;L vijahtJ nra;aKbAkh rpy fhyq;fs;(1919-1920) mtu; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ.
vd;W njupatpy;iy vd;W vOjTk; Muk;gg;gs;sp Mrpupauhf ,Ue;jhu;. ,UNtW cyfj; jpaw;if jpUNtW
nra;jhu;. mt;Ntisapy; fiyr; nrhw;fs; njs;spauhjYk; NtW. - Fws; (374)
,jpy; ,Ue;J tpw;nfd;];iudpd; fsQ;rpak; xd;iwAk; 1926 ,y; ,jw;F ehk; ,g;gb xU
tpku;rd cf;fpuk; gw;wp ehk; mwpe;J Mf;fpapUfpd;whu;. me;j Mz;by; nghUs;Nfhliyr; nrhy;fpNwhk;:
nfhs;syhk;. NkYk; Gw cyF gw;wpa rNfhjupapd; tPL fl;Lk; fl;blf; cyF ,uz;lhfg; gpupe;J fplf;fpwJ>
vkJ Gupjy;fs; (Our knowledge of fiyQuhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whu;. mJNt epajpahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
the external world) vd;w mtuJ 1927- 1929 ,y; ’Tractatus logisch nry;tj;ij itj;jpUg;gtu;fs; xU
tpupTiufspd; njhFg;gpid 1914 ,y; philosopicus’ lhf;lu; gl;l rhuhu;. mwpit itj;jpUg;gtu;fs;
ntspapl;lhu;. Kjyhk; cyfg;Nghu; Ma;Ntlhfr; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;L> ,d;ndhU rhuhu;.
njhlq;fTk; tpw;nfd;];iud; mtu;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,f; Fws; Vd; ,jpy;
M];jpupa ,uZtj;jpy; ,ize;J 1930 ,y; kPz;Lk; Nfk;gpwp[;f;F ,lk;ngwNtz;Lk; vd;W
Nghuhb 1918,y; ,j;jhypy; ifjhfp te;J mq;Nf jdJ tpupTiufis rpe;jpf;Fk;NghJ> rpyNtis ,U
1919,y; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;. Muk;gpj;jhu;. xt;nthU thuKk; itifahfg; gpupj;J mWjpapl;Lf;
Nghupd;NghJ tpw;nfd;];iud; mtu;fs; tpupTiu> tpthjk;> tpupTiu> tpthjk; $Wtjpy; cs;s mgj;jk;
vLj;Jf; nfhz;l Fwpg;Gf;fisj; vd;wthwhf mtuJ tFg;Gf;fs; njupe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhfNth vd;W ehd;
njhFj;J Nguhrpupau; /g;NuNf mike;jd. Kd;epge;jidahf 'vdJ
69 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202369
epidf;fpd;Nwd;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; mit fpsg;Gk;

jpUTkpy;yhky; njspTkpy;yhky; jpUk;gpg;Ngha;tpLthd;. Mdhy; rpe;jidapd; tpahgfKk; tpuptile;J
,Uf;fpd;w xU cyfk; ,y;iy vd;w ,e;jpud; ,d;ndhU Kj;jpuz;L nry;tijf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j
KbTf;F ehk; te;Jtplf;$Lky;yth! tU\q;fs; mJNt Nrhypahf Kd;Diuapy; ,Ue;J rpy tupfisr;
mjw;fLj;jjhf ,Ug;ghd;. mfypif tplaj;jpy;> rpe;jidr; RNyhfq;fshfTq; $l
'nka;apayhsd; ve;jf; fUj;JyfpdJk; rhgj;jpdhy; mtd; ngw;w tpfhukhd vOJfpd;wdu;. %yj;jpy; ,Ue;J
gpui[ my;y> mtid nka;apayhsd; cly; mtidr; rpyNtis Kdptu; jkpopy; ,e;j Kd;Diuapid nrhw;fs;
Mf;FtJ mJNt." gpu[hgjpNa jQ;rk; vd mq;Nf Nkw;glhjthW Xu; Nrhjidahf
- tpw;fd;];iud;> Zettel 4551 epWj;jpapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; tpNuhr;rdd; nkhopahf;fpAs;Nsd;.
,e;j nka;apay; cyfj;jpd; Qhd ghf;fpak; ngWtij ,oe;jhd; ju;f;f nka;apay; tpsf;fk;:
Kf;fpakhd Gjpu;fs; ,WjpapYk; vd;Nw mwpQu;fs; Ngrpnfhz;lhu;fs;. Kd;Diu
,Wjpahfj; jPu;f;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld ,e;jf; FWk;G Vd; ,e;j E}ypy; ,q;Nf nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;Fk;
vd;gNj vdJ fUj;J vd;W Nguhrpupau; nr.Nt. fhrpehjd; rpe;jidfisNah my;yJ ,it
,isa tpw;nfd;];iud; jd; Kjw; mtu;fshy; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ vd;Wk; Nghd;w rpe;jidfisNah Vw;fdNt
Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLthu;. Mdhy; ehk; vz;zpg;ghu;f;fyhk;. mJ ekJ jhdhfr; rpe;jpj;j xUtuhy; kl;LNk
gpd;du; mjid kWjypj;J mtNu rpe;jidapid ePl;br; nry;yj; ,e;j E}iyr; rpyNtis Gupe;Jnfhs;s
vOjpaNghJk; mjid mr;Rf;Ff; jug;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;Nw ek;GfpNwd;. KbAk;. vdNt ,J xU fw;ifnewpg;
nfhLf;Fk; mstpw;F mtUf;Fj; tpw;nfd;];iud; mtu;fspd; Gj;jfk; my;y. xUtu; Gupe;J
jd; vOj;jpy; jpUg;jp ,Uf;ftpy;iy. khztd; Nehu;khd; ky;fk; mtu;fs; nfhz;L thrpj;J> mjpy; kfpo;r;rpAk;
MdhYk; mtu; vOjpf;nfhz;Nl fPo;tUkhW vOjpr; nry;fpwhu;fs;: milthNunadpy;> ,jd; Nehf;fk;
,Ue;jhu;. mtu; tpl;Lr; nrd;wpUg;git ”tpw;nfd;];iud; mtu;fs; jhd; epiwNtwptpl;lnjdyhk;.
(Nachlaß) Rkhu; gd;dPuhapuk; gf;fq;fs; vOjpatw;iw kpFe;j ek;gpf;ifNahLk;> ,e; E}y; nka;apay;
nfhz;l ifnaOj;Jg; gbtq;fSk;> mjpfhuj;NjhLk; epahag;gLj;Jthu;. gpur;rpidfisg; gw;wpg; NgRfpd;wJ.
Rkhu; vl;lhapuk; jl;lr;Rr; nra;j jdJ ikaf; fUj;jiktpy; jtW ,e;jg; gpur;rpidfisnahl;b
gf;fq;fSkhf vkf;Ff; fpilf;fpd;wd. ,Uf;fr; rhj;jpaq;fs; cz;L vd;W vOg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs; kPJ> vkJ
mg;gb xU 455 MtJ Jz;by;jhd; mtu; rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; nkhopapDila ju;f;fj;jpd; jtwhd
Nkw;gb Nkw;Nfhs; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jd;idg; gpd;njhlu;gtu;fs; jdJ Gupjy;fs; vt;thwhdit vd;gij
jkpo; nka;apay; cyfpw;F Nkw;Fyfr; rpe;jidfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid ,J vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ vd;Nw
rpe;jidfs;> ,yf;fpag; Nghf;Ffs;> kpifgLj;jpr; nrhy;fpd;wdu; vd;Wk; ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd;.
lhlhaprk;> ,Uj;jypay;> mikg;gpay;> mtu; Nahrpj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e; E}ypd; gUg;nghUs;
gpd;etPdj;Jtk; ,g;gbg; gy mjdhw;whd; E}ypd; Kfg;gpy; fPo;tUk; KOtijAk; thu;j;ijfspw;
mt;tg;NghJ te;jpUe;jNghJk; $l Nkw;Nfhis ne];l;Nwha; vd;gtuJ Nfhj;JtplKbAk;:
mit fUj;JKjy; thjr; rpe;jidfs; E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLj;jpUf;fpd;whu;." cz;ikapy;> Ngrf;
vd;W fWg;G nts;isahfg; ghu;j;J 'Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ ,ay;gpy; $batw;iwj; njspthfNt NgrptplTk;>
xJf;fp tpLk; Nghf;F epyTfpd;wJ jd;dstpy; ngupajhfj; Njhd;wpdhYk; vjidg; gw;wpg; NgrKbahNjh> mJ
vd;gijAk; ehk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;lhy; cz;ikapy; mJ rpwpajhfNt gw;wp nksdk; rhjpf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;.
vJ xUtid nka;apayhsd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ." ne];l;Nwha;.2 MfNt ,e; E}y; rpe;jidf;F xU
Mf;Ffpd;wJ>vd;w tpw;nfd;];iudpd; ,jdhy; Nguhrpupau; fhrpehjd; vy;iyapid tiuaiw nra;Ak;.
vLNfhs; 'nka;apayhsd; mtu;fs; jdJ E}ypy; fhzg;gLk; my;yJ ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy;>
vd;gtd; ve;jf; fUj;JepiyapdJk; fl;Liufspy; Kfg;G Nkw;Nfhs;fisj; rpe;jidapid my;y> khwhf
(Denkgemeinde; Think-society) gpui[ jUk;NghJ> ,it Vd;> vjw;F vd;W rpe;jidapid ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F!
,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJNt" vd;gJ vk;ikr; rpe;jpf;fitf;fpd;wd. 'Kfg;G Vnddpy; ehk; rpe;jidf;F
ftdj;jpw;FupaJ. Nkw;Nfhs;" vd;gJ tpUl;rj;jpid xU vy;iyapid tiuaiw
NkYk; xU FWk;G tpijahf;fpj; jUk; Kaw;rp vd;Wk; nra;tnjd;why;> vy;iyapd;
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. vjpnujpuhd $wyhk;. ,Ugf;fKk; gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;f KbAk;
,uz;L Nghl;br; r%fq;fspd; ju;f;f nka;apay; tpsf;fk; vd;W rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. (MfNt
jiytu;fs; tpNuhr;rdDk; ,e;jpuDk; tpw;nfd;];iud; mtu;fspd; ehk; vk;ikr; rpe;jpf;f tplhjtw;iwg;
nka;apay; mwpTngw gpu[hgjpaplk; Gfo;ngw;w E}y; „Tractatus logico- gw;wpAk; rpe;jpf;f KbAk; vd;W rpe;jpf;f
nry;fpd;wdu;. tpNuhr;rdd; philosophicus“ (Logisch-philosophische Ntz;Lk;.)
gyNrhypf;fhuhd;. ,e;jpuDf;F Abhandlung) vd;gJ. Kjyhk; vdNt me;j vy;iyapid
jhuhskhf Neuk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. cyfg;Nghupy; xU ,uhZtj;jpdhf nkhopapy; tiuaiw nra;JtplKbAk;.
gpu[hgjp jz;zPiuf; fhl;Lthu;. tpw;nfd;];iud; ,Ue;jNghJ mj;NjhL me;j vy;iyf;F
,JNt eP vd;ghu;. 'mJjhd; njspthfj; vOjg;gl;lJ. ,e;j E}ypd; Kd;Diu mg;ghy; ,Ug;git ,yFtha;
njupfpwNj" vd;W $wptpl;L tpNuhrd; ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhdJ. Mdhy; mu;j;jkw;witahfNt ,Uf;Fk;.
70 70
vd;Dila Kaw;rpfs; vJtiu Nkk;gl;lNjh> vt;tsTf;F mjpfkhf Yl;tpf; tpw;nfd;];iud;

kw;iwa nka;apayhsu;fSld; Mzpapd; Fkpopy; mbgLfpd;wNjh mtu;fspd; ju;f;f nka;apay; tpsf;fk;
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;W mt;tsTf;F ,jd; ngWkjpAk; vd;w E}y; ,t;thW Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ
jPu;khdkhfr; nrhy;y tpUk;gtpy;iy. mjpfupf;Fk;. rhj;jpaq;fSf;F ntF vd;gjw;F cjhuz;khfhr; rpy tupfs;
Mk;> ehd; ,q;Nf vOjpitj;jpUg;git njhiytpNyNa gpd;jq;fptpl;lik fPNo jUfpd;Nwd;.
xt;nthd;Wk; ngUk;ghYk; Gjpait vdf;F ,q;Nf Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j
vd;w Nfhupf;if ,y;yhjit. vdNt Ntiyapidf; ifahStjw;fhd I. vy;yhk; cyNf. mJNt tplak;.
ehd; ,tw;wpd; %yj; jfty;fs; vdJ tY kpff; Fiwthf ,Ug;gNj II. cynfd;gJ epfo;Tfspd;
vJTk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. Vnddpy; ,jd; vspa fhuzk;. NtnwhUtu; KOikNaad;wpg; nghUl;fspdJty;y.
ehd; rpe;jpj;jitAk; mit vdf;F tuf;$Lk;> ,d;Dk; rpwg;ghfr; III. cynfd;gJ vy;yh epfo;Tfspd;
Kd; Vw;fdNt rpe;jpf;fg;gl;litah nra;aTk; $Lk;. %yk; epu;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
vd;gJk;> vy;yhNk vdf;F xd;Wjhd;. khwhf ,q;Nf gfpug;gl;bUf;Fk; IV. MfNt vy;yh epfo;Tfspd;
vdJ rpe;jidfSf;fhd J}z;Ljypd; rpe;jidfspDila cz;ik KOikNa tplak; vJ tpl;ak; vJ
ngUk;gFjpf;fhf ehd; /Ngu;f CWgLj;jg;glKbahj jPu;f;fkhdJ ,y;iy vd;gij epu;zapf;fpd;wJ.
mtu;fspd; kfj;jhd Mf;fq;fSf;Fk; vd;Nw vdf;Fj; njd;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt V. ju;f;fj;jpd; vy;iyfSf;Fshd
kw;Wk; vdJ ez;gu; jpU ngu;whz;l; Kf;fpakhd gpur;rpidfs; ,WjpapYk; epfo;Tfs; jhd; cyF.
w];n]y; mtu;fspd; Ma;TfSf;Fk; ,Wjpahfj; jPu;f;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld VI. cyF epfo;Tfshf cjpu;fpd;wJ.
fld;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;gij vd;gNj vdJ fUj;J. cz;ikapy; nr.Nt.fhrpehjd;
kl;Lk; nrhy;y tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,uz;lhtjhf> ,e;j Ntiyapd; mtu;fs; vOjpa tpw;fd;];iud;:
vdJ ,e;j Ntiyf;F xU ngWkjp vd;dntd;W ehd; re;Njfk; nkhop> mu;j;jk;> kdk; vd;w E}
ngWkjp cz;nldpd;> mit ,y;yhky; nrhy;tjhapd; ,e;jg; iy KOtJkhfg; gbj;j gpd;du;
,Utifg;gl;ld. KjyhtJ> gpur;rpidfspd; jPu;TfSf;F te;jila mjid mwpKfQ; nra;J xU
,e;j Ntiyf;Fs; rpe;jidfs; ehd; FiwthfNt Kaw;rpj;Njd; fl;Liu vOJtNj vdJ Nehf;fkhf
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,e;j vd;gij ,it Rl;b epw;gjhy; ,Ue;jnjdpDk; tpw;nfd;];iudpd;
ntspg;ghl;Lj; jpwd; vt;tsTf;F mwpayhk; vd;gJNt. mwpKfj;Jld; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
gpwbkhHpg; NghYk;. NkYk; tl vOj;Jf; fisg;

Gwf;fzpj;jJk; jkpopy; gpwnkhopg;
vOj Ntz;bapUfpd;wJ. vq;fs;
jkpo;g; ngau;fs; vq;fshy; vg;gb
bgau;fs; ngau;fis vOJtjpYk; cr;rupg;gjpYk;
Nghjhikapid cUthf;fptpl;lJ.
cr;rupf;fg;gLfpd;wNjh mg;gbj;jhd;
jkpou; my;yhj xUtUk; cr;rupf;f
Mdhy; mJ ey;yNtisahf ,g;NghJ Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; NfhUfpd;wtu;fs;>
jkpOf;F te;jpUf;Fk; ,e;jpauy;yhj eilKiwapy; ,y;iy. ahUk; mg;gbj; tpUk;Ggtu;fs; ehq;fs;.
gpw nkhop vOj;jhsu;fspd; ngau;fs; jtpu;j;J vOJtjpy;iy. (c+k;: ];kpj;- ,g;nghOnjy;yhk; nrhe;j
vOjg;gLtjpYk; gpd; mjid ,RkpJ) nkhopapy; vt;thNwh mt;thNw
cr;rupg;gjpYk; jpUg;jpaspf;f$ba kuG vd;W Mfptpl;ljhf my;yJ vy;yhnkhopfspYk; cr;rupf;fNtz;L
tpjpKiwfNsh nkhopapaw; Nfhl;ghl;L xU tpjpahf ,e;jpaj;jkpou;fs; nkd;W nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy;
,zf;fg;ghLfNsh ,Ug;gjhfj; nuhy;];nuha;- vd;w ngaiu lhy;];lha; rpNkhd; jp Nghth> fh%> rhu;j;ju;
njupatpy;iy. ,J kw;iwa vy;yh vd;W jhd; vOjg;glNtz;Lk; kpnfy; G+Nfh> njupjh vd;W
nkhopfspYk; nghJthf epfo;tJ vd;W $Wfpd;wdu;. ,jpy; u vd;w gpnuQ;Rnkhop vOj;jhsu;fs;>
jhdh vd;Wk; njupatpy;iy. vOj;jpidAk; w vd;w vOj;jpidAk; mwpQu;fis jkpopy; vOjTk;
,g;nghOnjy;yhk; nrhe;j ehk;> jkpou;fs; Kiwahf NgrTk; njhlq;fptpl;Nlhk;. Mdhy;
nkhopy; xt;nthUtuJk; ngau;fs; cr;rupg;gjpy;iyNah vd;w re;NjfKk; n[u;kd; nkhop kw;Wk; Vida
vt;thW cr;rupf;fg;gLfpd;wd vOfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fs; o INuhg;gpa nkhopfSf;F ,J
vd;W> Fiwe;jJ tpf;fpgPbah jd; cr;rupg;gpid s cr;rupg;gpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Dk; rhj;jpag;gltpy;iy.
tptuizfspy; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wik NtWgLj;Jtjpy;iy. Yl;tpf; tpw;nfd;];iud;
MWjyspf;fpd;wJ. mjd;%yk; xUtupd; jkpo; vOj;Jf;fspd; cr;rupg;gpd; vd;w ngaiu ,jpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ
ngaiu mtuJ nkhopapy; cs;sthW JizNahL xU ntspehl;Lg; NghyNt cr;rupj;Njhkhdhy; mJ
cr;rupf;f KbfpwJ. ngaupid Kbe;jtiu epfuhd n[u;kdpau;fs; me;jg; ngaiur;
yj;jpd; vOj;Jf;fspy; cr;rupg;gpy; vOj Kbfpd;wNghJk; nrhy;tJ NghyNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
vOjg;gl;bUe;jhy; mit Mq;fpy NghJk;> mjw;fhd vOj;Jf;fSk; rPf;Kz;l; /g;nwhapl;> Yl;tpf;
cr;rupg;G KiwapNyNa nrhy;yptplyhk; cr;rupg;Gf;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wNghJk;> tpw;nfd;];iud; Nghd;w ngau;fis
vd;w ,yFthd eilKiwapid tupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpjpapd; fhuzkhf ,g;gb cr;rupg;gjpy; mjpf rpukq;fs;
jkpo; mwpQu;fs; nfhz;bUe;jdu; jh];jhnant];fp vd;W jhd; ,y;iy vd;Nw vz;ZfpNwd;.
71 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202371
a[j;jfhyj;jpd;
ftpij
fw;Rwh
ehk; thOk; fhyj;ijf; ftpijfshy; r%fe;jhd; vq;fSila ftpQu; vq;NfDk; ,Uf;Fk; xUrpyu; jkJ
kl;Lk; fzf;fpl;Ltpl KbAk;. r%fk; vd;gjid ehk; me;j Aj;j ftpijfshy; ,e;jf; NfL nfl;l
mNjNghy; ek; fhyf; ftpijfisf; fhyj;jpy; md;whlk; thrpf;f Neu;e;j jpahfr; r%fj;ijf; fhwpj;Jg;Gthu;fs;.
fdTfshYk; fhkj;jhYk; kl;Lk; ,l;L gy;NtW ftpijfisf; nfhz;L mJ neQ;ir mWj;Jr; nry;Yk;
epug;gpf; fzf;fplNt KbahJ. tho;tpy; fz;LtplKbe;jJ. thu;j;ijfshf ftpij KOtJk;
fdT Kf;fpakhdJjhd; mNjNghy; mjd; ,d;ndhU gf;fj;jpy; gutpr; nry;Yk;.
fhkKk; cd;djkhdJjhd;. Aj;jk; Fz;Lfshy; ek; tPNlwp ,jw;F xU cjhuzkhfj;jhd;
te;j nghOJfspy; jkJ tpe;J ehd; Rfdpd; ftpijfis Kd;epWj;j
Mdhy;> ,be;J nehUq;Fk; ntspNaw;wk; gw;wpf; ftpij KidfpNwd;. ,e;jr; r%fj;jpd; Kf;fpa
Rtu;fspilNaAk; me;jr; vOjpf; nfhz;bUg;gtu;fshYk; jug;Gf;fSf;F> ehd; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
Rtu;fspDs;spUe;jgb capUf;Fj; R+og;gl;bUe;jJjhd; ekJ ftpijr; ftpijahsu;fSf;F my;yJ ftpij
jpz;lhLk; epiyapNyAk; JNuhfpiaAk; r%fk; vd;gjidAk; ePq;fs; kwe;J Fwpj;J Ma;T nra;Ak; Ma;thsu;fSf;F
jpahfpiaAk; jdf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gl;l tplKbahJ. ,it ntWk; nrhw;fshfTk; vijANk
fijfspypUe;Nj gpupj;njLf;Fk; Aj;jj;jpw;Fs; ,Ue;J Aj;jj;ij gykhfr; nrhy;yhj Njitaw;w
fiyj; jpwd; nfhz;ljha; thOk; Mjupj;J epd;w ftpQu;fisg; Nghy; thu;j;ijfspd; Nfhu;g;Gf;fshfTk;>
<or; r%fj;jpy; Kjw;ghjpf; fdtha; Nkw;nrhd;d ,Utiff; ftpQu;fsJ nrhy; tpisahl;Lf;fshfTk;
yz;ld; nry;Yk; MiriaAk; fdtpd; ftpijfis ePq;fs; thrpj;jPu;fshdhy; fhl;rpaspf;Fk;. Vnddpy;
kPjpaha; jpUk;gp CUf;Fr; nry;Yk; ekJ r%fj;jpid miyaitj;j Vw;fdNt nrhy;yg;gl;l milahsf;
MiriaAk; ftpijaha; vOJk; nfhba Aj;jk; gw;wp vijAk; Ftpay;fisj; jtpu;j;J ,e;j
kdJ vd;dthf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;? mwpa KbahjpUf;Fk;. mjid Muha;r;rp Ma;thsu;fshy; Gjpjhf
,J cjhuzj;jpw;fhff; mtu;fs; Nghu; vd;Nw vOJthu;fs;. vijAk; fz;lilaKbtjpy;iy.
Nfl;fg;gLk; vd; xU Nfs;tp kl;LNk. tpLjiyf;fhd Nghuhl;lk; vd;Nw ,tu;fnsy;yhk; fPNo tpOe;Jile;j
xU Aj;jj;jpw;Fs; mtu;fs; milahsk; nfhs;thu;fs;. Nug; nuf;Nfhlu; Nghd;wtu;fs;.
mfg;gl;ltu;fs; jdpNa Aj;j jkJ jug;gpd; epahaq;fspy; mit nrhd;dijj; jpUk;gj;jpUk;gr;
tpUk;gpfshf kl;Lk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. jpahfk; nghjpe;jitahf vOjg;gLk;. nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUg;gtu;fs;.
Aj;jj;ij ntWg;gtu;fshfTk; gyu; MdhYk; ,jpy; ,Ue;J jtwp mjid tplTk; <oj;jpd; ftpijr;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. Mdhy; Aj;jj;jpypUe;J R+oy; vd;Wk; my;yJ Nghu;f;fhyf;
ntspNawpa gpd;dhYk; Aj;jj;ij
topelj;jpa ftpQu;fshy; epiwe;jpUe;j bjhl;lhy; jPl;L 3 fijfs; vd;Wk; my;yJ Gyk;ngau;e;j
ftpijfs; vd;Wk; ekJ ftpijf;
72 72
nfhs;if gug;Gr; nrayhsu;fshy;j;

njhFf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW ftpijj;
njhFg;Gf;fspYk; ,e;j tiff;
ftpijfs; ,lk;ngWtjpy;iy. mJ
Vd;? mJ vjw;fhf? vd;W ahUk;
,e;jf; ftpijiar; Rfd; 1990fspd;
Muk;gfhyj;jpy; vkJ <oj;jpd;

kw;wa ftpQu;fs; vd;gtu;fs; vd;d
“
<oj;jpd; ftpijfspy; Gyk;
Muk;gj;jpy; vOJfpwhu;. ,Nj 1990fspd;
ngau; rpe;jid vd;whYk;
Gfyplr; rpe;jid vd;whYk;
vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs; vd;W jdpNa gidiaAk;
Nfs;tp Nfl;gJkpy;iy. ehk; fzf;fplj; jtwf; $lhJ. gdpiaAk; vOJtNjhL
<oj;jpd; ftpijfspy; Gyk; kl;Lky;y Nfhg;ig fOTk;
ngau; rpe;jid vd;whYk; Gfyplr; ,wg;gijg; Nghd;w Njhw;wj;ij Ntiyg; gSitAk;
rpe;jid vd;whYk; jdpNa gidiaAk; mspj;Jtpl;L- jhq;fs;
gdpiaAk; vOJtNjhL kl;Lky;y
Ik;gJ tUlkhfr; Nrlk;
,Ug;gijg; Nghd;w Njhw;wj;ij ,Oj;J ,Oj;J vOjpf;
Nfhg;ig fOTk; Ntiyg; gSitAk; xUtUf;nfhUtu; nfhLf;fpd;w
Ik;gJ tUlkhfr; Nrlk; ,Oj;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. mjw;Nf
,e;j kf;fsplk; mr;rKwhjtu; ahu;? 'rpwe;j ftpij" vd;W
,Oj;J vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;.
mjw;Nf 'rpwe;j ftpij" vd;W ,we;jgpd; NtW cUtq;fspy; elkhLk;
tpUJk; nfhLf;fpwhu;fs;.
tpUJk; nfhLf;fpwhu;fs;. ,jid ,jid Kl;lhs;j;jdk;
Kl;lhs;j;jdk; vd;W nrhy;yhJ
NtW vjdhy; miog;gJ?
ahUf;Fk; ,ilQ;ry;
,e;j kf;fs;
vd;idg; gaKWj;Jfpd;wdu;.
“
vd;W nrhy;yhJ NtW
vjdhy; miog;gJ?
giraw;w> eUty; nehUtyhd>
,y;yhj vOj;Jf;fisAk; vijAk; cg;Gr;rg;gw;w
cuj;j Nfs;tpapy; Kd;epWj;jhj ke;j Fzk; nfhz;l ,e;j kf;fsJk; fhNthiy rpupf;fTk; re;Njhrg;glTk;
vOj;Jf;fisAk; nfhz;lhLtjpy; mtuJ ez;gu;fs;> vjpupfs;> Nerpg;Nghu; epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lJ.
ek;ktu;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; mf;fiw vy;NyhuplkpUe;Jk; ehd; gae;J
NyRg;gl;l mf;fiwapy;iy. NghAs;Nsd;. ,iwr;rpf; filapy; J}q;Fk;
ekJ Aj;jfhyk; G+uhTk; nfhOf;fpapy;
Aj;jj;ij Mjupj;J epd;W vOJtJk; vtUk; vtuhYk; vt;tplj;jpYk; thapy; J}f;fp ez;gidj; J}f;fTk;
my;yJ mjidj; jf;fgb fhf;f nfhy;yg;gltpy;iynad;fpw
kTdkhff; fle;J nry;tJkhf ,Ue;j vtUk; vtuhYk; vt;tplj;jpYk; ngd;rpiyg; gwpj;Jj;
mNahf;fpau;fs; 2009f;Fg; gpd; jhk; Juj;jg;gltpy;iynad;fpw jk;gpapd; nghf;fw;wpy; fpwidl;ilj;
Aj;j kWg;ghsu;fshfTk; rpWtu;fis jpzpf;fTk;
Aj;jj;jpy; ,izj;jJ jtW vd;Wk; vtUk; vtuJ jhypiaAk; New;W ,aYkhapw;W.
me;j Aj;jj;jpw;Fs; rhjp ,Ue;jJ mWf;ftpy;iynad;fpw
cz;iknad;Wk; 'gy;b" mbapy; ,z;ilf;F!?
fUj;Jr; nrhy;gtu;fshfTk; Gjpa vtUk; vtiuAk; vl;Lf;F
Ntlk; jupf;Fk; NghJ mtu;fis Kf;fpa itf;ftpy;iynad;fpw ehisf;F!?
vOj;jhsu;fs; vd;W milahsk;
fhl;Lk; ek;ktu;fsJ mf;fiwAk; vtUk; vtuJ nfhiyiaAk; vd;W Efj;jbehl;fis milahsk;
NyRg;gl;l mf;fiwapy;iy. Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iynad;fpw fhl;ba ftpij ,J. ,e;jf;
ftpij ,d;W tiu xU ftpij
epj;jpiuapy; %j;jpuk; nga;j vg;NghJk; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; tpku;rfuhYk; rup my;yJ ftpijj;
rpWtdpd; <uf; fsprhidf; fol;b fhuzq;fis itj;jpUf;fpw njhFg;ghsu;fshYk; rup my;yJ
,uhZtr; rPUil je;jdu; ftpij Fwpj;j Ma;T- Msu;fshYk; rup
ngupNahu;. ,e;j kf;fs; vd;id kpul;b fUjg;glhj xd;W. ,jid tpsq;fpf;
itj;Js;sdu;. nfhs;Sk; xU rpwpa mwpTf;Fk;
fsprhd; jsu;e;J fPNo tpOfpwJ cl;gl;ljy;y <oj;jpd; ftpijr; R+oy;.
vd;W vOJk; RfdJ ftpij mijAk; jhz;b <of;ftpijfis
,Wf;fpf; fl;Ltjw;F Nghu;f;fhyf; ftpijah? ,y;iyah? milahsk; nfhs;fpNwhk; vd;W
ngy;w;wpy; mjw;F Nky; Xl;ilfs; jk;gl;lk; mbj;J 'fnyf;l;" gz;zpa
,Uf;ftpy;iy. jkpo;ehl;Lf; ftpijf;fdthd;fshYk;
,uq;fw; nra;jpia vLj;Jte;j fhw;W fUj;jpw;F mfg;glhJ Nghd ftpij
miuehz; nfhbia ,Oj;J Aj;jj;jhy; epahag;gLj;jg;gl;L rt ,J. mtu;fs; fz;zpy; glNt glhJ
fsprhid ,Wf;fpdhd; rpWtd;. ehw;wkha; tPrpw;W ,J vd;gJjhd; me;j ,ilntsp.
fsprhidg;gpbj;jgbNa FUj;Njhiy tpo ,w;iwj; jpq;fspy;

mtd; ,we;J Nghfpwhd;. mWgjpdhapuk; kdpjthil Kbe;jJ.
73 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202373
Ie;J yl;rk; mfjp tho;T njhlu;e;jJ.
xU tpru;j; jkpodpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F

Kd;D}w;wpg; gjpide;J kdpju;fs;
“
<gps; NfhGuj;jpw;F mUfpy;
nu];Nuhuz;l; vd;w ngaupy;
,aq;Fk;
rup Gyk; ngau;e;j mtyj;ijf;
Fwpj;j gjpTfisf; nfhz;Nl mjpf
njhFg;Gf;fs; te;jd vd;W ePq;fs;
fUjf;$Lk;. cq;fSf;F mtu;fSk;
fl;lha ciog;G Kfhkpy;
Klkhdtu;fshfj; jdpikg; Ntiy. nrhy;yp itf;ff; $Lk;.
gLj;jg;gl;ldu;. mjw;fhff; Nfl;fpNwd;
gps;is ngw;Wg; gypnfhLf;fg; ghypay; Fw;wj;ijj; jtpu Kfk;kJtpw;Fr; Rfkpy;iy.

ngw;Wg; NghLk; ,ae;jpukhapdu; kPjpf; Fw;wnky;yhk; vd;kPJ [f;fpw;Fr; Rfkpy;iy.
kf;fs;. Rkj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. gpuhq;f; ,w;Fr; Rfkpy;iy.
eruhtpw;Fr; Rfkpy;iy.
kuzk;!. nrapd; Mw;wpy; tpOe;J
rpte;j mg;gpisf; fbf;Fk; NghJ
“
jw;nfhiy nra;ag;
NghfpNwd;.
vdf;F xUfpoikahfr; Rfkpy;iy.
gj;jpNwhd; te;J Rfk; Nfl;Ltpl;Lg;

gy; Nehjy; Nghy. Ngha;tpl;lhu;.
kUkfd; nra;jp kpUfkhf khwpr;
<o tho;tpaypy; 2009 tiu rpte;j Rfk; nrhd;dhd;. ehd; ey;y Rfk; vd;W rhFk;tiu
mg;gpisf; fbf;Fk;NghJ gy;Nehjy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
Nghy ehk; kuzj;ij mJTk; mtu;fs; mjw;Fg; gpwF vd;d ele;jJ
Foe;ijfs; kuzj;ijay;y> ek; vd;W ehd; Nfl;ftpy;iy. mtUf;Fj; njupAk; Kfk;kJTk;
Foe;ijfsJ kuzj;ijf; ftdpj;J [f;FTk; gpuhq;f;Fk; eruhTk;
epd;wJjhd; ,e;jj; jkpo;j; Njrpa cd;Dila jug;gpy; vj;jidNgu;
,dthjk;.. rup vd;Wk; ehd; Nfl;ftpy;iy. RfkhdTld; tUthu;fnsd;W.
gpioapd; njhlf;fk;. gpuhd;rpy; Ntiy fpilf;fhky; vd;w ftpijiaNah

,uhZtj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W
khkh! nfhOk;gpy; mk;gJ Mkp rup. ciof;fg; Ngha;nfhz;bUf;Fk; <gps; NfhGuj;jpw;F mUfpy;
jkpou;fs; rpyu; vd; epidtpy; te;jdu;. nu];Nuhuz;l; vd;w ngaupy; ,aq;Fk;
fl;lha ciog;G Kfhkpy; Ntiy.
'<oj; jpUehNl vd; mUikj; jhafNk
,Ufuk; $g;gp ve;jd; tzf;fkk;kh.! ghypay; Fw;wj;ijj; jtpu
kPjpf; Fw;wnky;yhk; vd;kPJ
,q;Nf RfdJ ftpijfisg;gw;wp> Rkj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.
mJ vjidr; nrhy;fpwJ vd;W
tpsf;fkspf;fhJ mg;gbNa nrapd; Mw;wpy; tpOe;J jw;nfhiy
,dq;fhl;btpl;Lr; nry;tJ vjw;fhf nra;ag; NghfpNwd;.
vd;why; mtw;iw ePq;fs; thrpg;gpy;
czuNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd;. cy;yhrg;gpuahzpfspd; fg;gy;
ekJ R+oypy; ftpQu;fs;> ftpQu;fs;> ghyj; i jf; fle; j gpd; ehd;
ftpQu;fs; vd;W miw$tpf; tpoNtz; L k; .
nfhz;bUf;Fk; ftpQu;fs; ,e;jf;
fhyj;jpy; vd;d vOjpapUf;fpwhu;fs;? irr!
vg;gb vOjpapUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;Wk;
ePq;fs; jhNd thrpj;J tpj;jpahrj;ijf; gpd;dpUe;J cy;yhrg; gpiuahzpg;
fz;L gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vd; ,e;j ngz; jdJ fkuhit ePl;bj;
tiff; ftpijfs; ekJ jkpo;r;
R+oypy; njhFf;fg;gl;l ftpijj; jd;idg; Gifg;glk; vLj;Jtplf;
njhFg;Gf;fspy; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy Nfl;fpwhs;.
vd;gijahtJ Vd; vd;W ePq;fs;
jhd; Njl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf vd;w ftpijNah( ,jd; rupahd
kl;Le;jhd; ,tw;iw milahsk; tbtk; ifapy; ,y;iy. epidtpy;
fhl;LfpNwd;. epd;w tplak; Fwpj;J kl;Lk;
74 74
vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ) mtu; md;whlk; ekf;Fj; jUk;

fiur;rYf;Fk; mtu; jUk; ftpijapd; Nehu;NtapypUe;J tpkhdk;
fiur;rYf;Fk; kpfg;ngupa NtWghL gwg;gl;lJ.
my;yJ
,Uf;Fk;. ehd; ,q;Nf ftpijapd;
fiur;ry; gw;wpNa NgRfpNwd;. Fbf;f vd;d Ntz;Lk;
Nehu;NtapypUe;J tpkhdk; gwg;gl;lJ.
ek;Kila ,sikf; vd;W Nfl;lhs; gzpg;ngz;.
Fbf;f vd;d Ntz;Lk; vd;W fhyj;ijAk; vq;fs; Foe;ijfSila
Nfl;lhs; ,sikf;fhyj;ijAk; mopj;njhopj;j Kiyg;ghy; Ntz;Lk;
gzpg;ngz;. Aj;jj;ij ahUk; ,yFthff; fle;J vd;Nwd; ehd;.
Ngha;tpl KbahJ. Aj;jj;ij
tpLjiy vd;W ek;gpatu;fisAk; mJ mtu;fshy; mjidg; nghUl;bw;Fk;
Kiyg;ghy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Nwd; ehd;.
fhlhj;jptpl;Lj;jhd; NghapUf;fpwJ. fhtKbahJ. mjdhy;jhd; mtw;iwj;
,e;j Aj;jk; Mrpu;tjpf;fNth Muhjpj;J jtpu;j;Jk; kTdkha;f; fle;Jk;
vd;W njhlUk; ftpijiaNah
epw;fNth jFjpapy;yhjJ vd;W nry;yNtz;b epiyf;F mtu;fs;
,tu;fshy; fz;nfhz;L ghu;j;Jtpl
fhyk; G+uhTk; Ngrpte;jtu;fs; te;J tpl;bUf;fpwhu;fs;.
KbahjpUe;jJ vjdhy;?
rpyu;. mjpy; RfDk; xUtu;. me;jj; Rfdpd; ftpijfspd;
nrd;w gjptpy; Rfd; gw;wp
jdpj;Jtk; gw;wpa ftdNk Rfid Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jd;fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;j
vOJk; NghJ 'mtu; jdJ eilKiw
ehd; milahsg;gLj;Jk; ,lk;. nfhba Aj;jjpd;kPJ vjpu;f; fijiaj;
tho;tpy; vkf;F ,d;ndhU tiff;
Gyk;ngau; Njrj;jpy; njuptpj;J milahsg;gLj;jp
fiur;riyAk; je;jgb ,Ug;ghu;. mtu;
tof;fpilj;j r%fj;jpw;F gy;NtW epd;wJjhd;.Mdhy; jdpNa Aj;j
md;whlk; ekf;Fj; jUk; fiur;rYf;Fk;
mDgtKk; Gjpa tho;R+oYk; mwpa kWg;Gf;fis kl;Lk; Ngrpepd;witay;y
mtu; jUk; ftpijapd; fiur;rYf;Fk;
tuk; nfhz;ljhd xU fhyk; mit. xU mfjp gLk; ghl;bd;
kpfg;ngupa NtWghL ,Uf;Fk;.ehd;
iftug; ngw;wJ. Mdhy; mJ Gs;spia kpfTk; fupridNahL
,q;Nf mtuJ ftpijapd; fiur;ry;
,e;jf; nfhba Aj;jj;ij jdJ Kd;itg;git. gdpiaAk; gdpapy;
gw;wpNa Ngrj; njhlq;FfpNwd;."vd;W
tpLjiyf;fhdJ vd ek;gpaJ. eidAk; fhy;fisAk; xU tpj R+Lk;
nrhy;ypapUe;Njd;.
mjd; xU Gjpa jiyKiw $l ,y;yhJ RuizAkpy;yhJ ftpijfis
1993 fhyj;jpy; RfDila
<oj;jpy; Aj;jtpUk;gpfspd; xt;nthU vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; <or; R+oypy;
ftpijfis vLj;Jj; njhFj;j ,d;gh
,uhZt Kfhkpw;Fk; nrd;W jd; xU jdpj;Jt milahsj;Jld; mjd;
kw;Wk; Rrpe;jpud; ,UtUk; 'Efj;jb
milahsj;ijj; jf;fitj;jJ. xU fijiar; nrhy;yj; njhlq;fpatu;
ehl;fs;" vd;W xU njhFg;gpidf;
r%fkhf vz;zp vjidr; nra;af; Rfd;. mjhtJ mtu; 'ftpQu; Rfd;".
nfhz;Lte;jpUe;jhu;fs;. mJ xU
mw;Gjkhd jiyg;Gk; njhFg;Gk;. $lhjNjh mjidr; nra;jJ ekJ
,d;W tiu RfdJ ftpijj; njhFg;G r%fk;.. jd;dilahsj;jpw;fhf ve;j
vd;W mjidj;jhd; ,e;j r%fk; mNahf;fpaj;jdj;ij ahu; nra;jhYk;
mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. mjid tuNtw;wJ Aj;jk;. Aj;jj;jpw;Fj;
Rfdpd; ftpijj; jd;ikia Njit njhlu; Aj;jk;. Mdhy; ,e;j
mJ ,e;j r%fj;jpw;Fs; nrYj;Jk; Aj;j tpUk;gpfs;jhd; ,d;W Gjpa
xU Gjpa fiur;ry;fis urpj;j ehd; Ntlk; Nghlj; njhlq;fpapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
vkJ vf;]py; gjpg;gfj;jhy; RfDila ,tu;fs; fij nrhy;ypfshfTk;
ftpijfisj; njhFg;gjw;fhfr; ehNlhbf; fijahsu;fshfTk; glk;
Nru;f;fj; njhlq;fpNdd;. mjd; fhl;b jk;ik FjUf;Fs; kiwf;fg;
gpd; 2000,d; Muk;gfhyk; vd ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;.
epidf;fpNwd;. Nrfupj;j ftpijfisr; Rfdpd; ,e;jf; ftpijfs; Rl;b
Rfdplk; fhl;b ehk; 'vf;]py;" epw;Fk; rk;gtq;fs; vitAk; xU rpW
ntspaPlhf xU njhFg;ghff; ryryg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jptplhjitNghy;
nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;fpNwhk; vdr; mtu;fs; fle;J nry;tJjhd; ,jd;
nrhd;Ndhk;. mjw;Fr; rk;kjpj;jgpd; gpd;dhypUf;fpd;w Kf;fpa jU.
ehk; midj;ijAk; iug; nra;J GW}t;g; ,e;j tif Kf;fpa
ghu;j;J Kd;Diu vOJk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; jUf;fshNy ekJ <or; r%fj;jpd;
mtUila toikahd FsWgbj; ftpijfs; milahsg;gLj;jg;gLk;
jdj;jhy; mJ iftplg;gl;lJ. NghJ mit jpl;lkpl;L kl;LNk
,g;gbj;jhd; Rfd; vd;w xU jtpu;f;fg;gLgit. mtu;fSf;F
kdpjDldhd fiur;riy ehk; ed;F njupAk; ,e;jf; ftpijfshy;
vjpu;nfhz;lgbapUf;fpNwhk;. jkJ ,Ug;gpw;Fk; jkJ njhlu;
tho;tpw;Fk; NfL vd;gJ. mjdhy;
75 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202375
bghd; mUzhryk;
bjhl';fpa
nfhzy; murpay;.
E}whz;Lfspy;
jkpHu;fis
Kw;Wk; FWf;fp tpl;lJ
1923k; Mz;L jpU nghd;dk;gyk; nghd; mUzhryk; mtu;fs;jhd; murpaw; Nghf;fpy; Fwpg;gplj; jf;f
mUzhryk; mtu;fs; ,yq;ifj; Muk;gpj;J itj;jhu; vd;gjy;y. msTf;F Kf;fpak; ngw;wjhf
jkpou; Nguit (Ceylon Tamils mtUf;F Kd;dNuNa nfhOk;G ,Uf;ftpy;iy. md;iwa rpq;fs
League) ia Muk;gpj;jNjhLjhd; ika rpq;fstu;fspd; murpaw; murpaw; jiytu;fspd; ,dthj
,yq;ifapy; jkpou;fspd; rpe;jidapYk; aho;g;ghz Nehf;Fldhd murpaYf;F
murpaiy Vida ,yq;if Nkl;Lf;Fb ,e;J ika murpaw; vjpuhd tpisthfj;jhd;
kf;fspd; murpaypUe;J NtWgl;l rpe;jidapYk;; ,duPjpahd mUzhryk; mtu;fspd; ,dthj
,dthupahd murpayhf eyd; njhlu;gpy; gpsTgl;l murpaYk; Muk;gpj;jJ vd;w
mikg;GuPjpapy; Muk;gpj;J fUj;Jf;fs; - Nfhupf;iffs; tpthjj;ijAk; kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.
itj;jJ. ,jDila mu;j;jk; vOe;J tpl;ld. Mdhy; mJ Mdhy; mJ rupahd murpaw;
,yq;ifapy; ,dthj murpaiy mg;NghJ ,yq;if KOtjpYkhd Nfhl;ghl;bd;> njspthd
nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljh? rupahd
ghijapy; rupahd Kiwfspy;
gazpj;jjh vd;gd Muhag;gl
Ntz;ba tplaq;fshFk;.
mUzhryk; mtu;fs;
Muk;gpj;J itj;j jkpopd
mbg;gilapyhd murpay;
nghJey Nehf;fpypUe;J
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljh my;yJ
mtuJ Raeyg; gpur;rpidapy;
,Ue;J Njhw;wk; ngw;wjh
vd;fpw Kjw; Nfs;tpapy;
,Ue;Nj mtu; njhlf;fp itj;j
murpay; ,e;j E}W Mz;Lfspy;
vt;thwhdnjhU fl;lj;ij>
m/tujuh$ bgUkhs; vt;thwhdnjhU
mile;jpUf;fpwJ
epiyia
vd;gjid
,ize;j tlf;F fpHf;F khfhzj;jpd; milahsk; fhz;gjw;Fk; Gupe;J
Kd;dhs; Kjyikr;ru; nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtrpakhf
76 76
cs;sJ. Vnddpy;> jkpou;fs;

kj;jpapy;
mbg;gilapyhd
Kjypy;
mtu;jhd;.
jkpopdk;
%l;b
1921k;
murpaiy
vd;w
tpl;ltu;
Mz;bd;
“
1915k; Mz;L K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf rpq;fstu;fisj; J}
z;b tpl;L gy ,wg;GfSf;Fk>; K];ypk; tu;j;jfu;fspd;
ngUe;njhifahd cilikfs; vupf;fg; gl;likf;Fk;
gpupj;jhdpa fhydpj;Jt fhuzfu;j;jhf;fs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; gpujhdkhd rpq;fs
Ml;rpahsu;fs; ,yq;ifapy; murpaw; jiytu;fs; murpdhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu;.
Nkw;nfhz;l murpaw;
rPu;jpUj;jj;ijj; njhlu;e;J mtu;fis tpLtpg;gjw;fhf yz;ld; nrd;W tof;fhba
cUthf;fg;gl;l nfhOk;Gj; nghd;dk;gyk; uhkehjDf;F ed;wp njuptpg;gjw;fhf me;jr;
njhFjpapypUe;J mtiu rl;l rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs; mtiu Njupy; ,Uj;jp ,Oj;J Cu;tyk;
rigf;F gpujpepjpahfj; njupT
nra;tjw;F md;iwa
murpaw; jiytu;fs; mtUf;F
rpq;fs
“
nfhz;L nrd;wik ,yq;ifapd; gpugykhd tuyhw;Wr;
rk;gtq;fspy; xd;W.
mspj;jpUe;j thf;FWjpia kPwp
mj;njhFjpf;F Nru;. N[k;]; gPup]; rl;lthf;f rigapy; cs;slf;f jkpouhd uhkehjd; njupT
mtu;fis njupT nra;tjw;F Vw;ghL; nra;jJ. me;j nra;ag;gLfpwhu; vd;wTld;
Mjutspj;jhu;fs; vd;gjdhy; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij nghd;dk;gyk; mikjp nfhz;lhu;fs;.
Vw;gl;l Mj;jpuKk; tpuf;jpANk uhkehjd; ngWk; tifahf me;jj; Nju;jypd; NghJ jpU
mUzhryk; mtu;fis ,yq;if rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs; mtUf;F khu;f;f]; ngu;dhz;Nlhtpd;
Njrpa fhq;fpu]py; ,Ue;J mjutspj;jhu;fs;. Nju;jw; gpur;rhuk; nghd;
tpyfTk; ,yq;if jkpou; 1910k; Mz;L; gbj;j uhkehjDf;F vjpuhf xU
Nguitia cUthf;fTk; J} ,yq;ifau;fshy; njupT jkpou; vd;w mbg;gilapNyNa
z;baJ vd;why; jtwhfhJ. nra;ag;gLk; xUtu; rl;lthf;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
,yq;ifaupd; xNu kf;fs; rigapy; ,lk; ngWtjw;fhd 1915k; Mz;L
gpujpepjpahf nghd;. uhkehjd; Nju;jYf;F jpU.khu;f;f]; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf
kl;LNk cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;j ngu;dhz;Nlh mtu;fs; rpq;fstu;fisj; J}z;b tpl;L
,yq;if rl;lthf;f rig Ntl;ghsu; epakd gj;jpuj;ijj; gy ,wg;GfSf;Fk>; K];ypk;
1910k; Mz;L murpaw; jhf;fy; nra;jhu;. mtu; kpfg; tu;j;jfu;fspd; ngUe;njhifahd
rPu;jpUj;jj;Jf;fhd Vw;ghLfis gbj;j> Gfo; ngw;w xUtu; cilikfs; vupf;fg;
mg;NghJ MSeuhf ,Ue;j vd;gNjhL kpfg; ngUk; gl;likf;Fk; fhuzfu;j;jhf;fs;
kf;fyk; N;kw;nfhz;lhu;. gzf;fhu FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu; vd;w mbg;gilapy; gpujhdkhd
mt;Ntisapy; rpq;fsj; vd;gJk; ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. ,Ue;j rpq;fs murpaw; jiytu;fs;
jiytu;fs; rl;lthf;f NghjpYk; mtu; rl;lrigf;F murpdhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu;.
rigapy; ,dthupahd njupT nra;ag;gLtij mtu;fis tpLtpg;gjw;fhf
gpujpepjpj;Jtq;fs; ,y;yhky; md;iwa Nkl;Lf;Fb rpq;fs yz;ld; nrd;W tof;fhba
Mf;fg;gl;L njhFjpthupahf murpaw; jiytu;fs; Vw;Wf; nghd;dk;gyk; uhkehjDf;F
kf;fshy; Nju;njLf;fg;gl;l nfhs;stpy;iy. Vnddpy;> ed;wp njuptpg;gjw;fhf
gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;ljhf jpU. khu;f;f]; ngu;dhz;Nlh me;jr; rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs;
rl;lthf;f rig Mf;fg;gl rpq;fstu;fspilNa ,Ue;j mtiu Njupy; ,Uj;jp ,Oj;J
Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;jpdhu;fs;. cau;rhjpapdiur; Nru;e;jtuy;y. Cu;tyk; nfhz;L nrd;wik
mg;NghJ aho;g;ghzj;ij mtu; fiuNahu (Karava) ,yq;ifapd; gpugykhd
ikakhff; nfhz;l murpaw; rhjpiar; Nru;e;jtu;. me;jf; tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtq;fspy;
Fuyhf aho;g;ghz rq;fk; fhuzj;ij Kd;itj;J xd;W. mj;Jld; 1916 Mz;Lk;
,Ue;jJ. me;j rq;fk; MSeuplk; jpuz;l cau;rhjp rpq;fsj; rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs; jpU. nghd;
rl;lthf;f rigapy; jkpou;fSf;F jiytu;fNs mtu; Njhw;Fk; uhkehjidNa rl;lthf;f
,dthupahd gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijf; tifahf jpU. nghd; rigf;F njupT nra;jhu;fs;.
NfhupaJ. me;j ,uz;L uhkehjDf;F 1911k; Mz;Lj; 1920k; Mz;L eilngw;w
tifahd Nfhupf;iffspy; Nju;jypd; NghJ Mjutspj;J murpaw; rPu;jpUj;jw;fhd
vjidAk; fUj;jpw; nfhs;shj ntw;wp ngw itj;jdu;. ciuahly;fspd; NghJ
1910k; Mz;L rPu;jpUj;jk; mNjNtis rl;lthf;f rl;lthf;f rigf;F MSeuhy;
,yq;if KOtjpYkpUe;J rigapy; jkpopd gpujpepjpj;Jtk; epakpf;fg;gLk; cWg;gpdu;fis
gbj;j ,yq;ifau;fshy; Nfhupa aho;g;ghz tpl mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy;
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLk; xUtiu rq;fj;jtu;fs; Xu; ,e;Jj; gpuNjrthupahf kf;fshy;
77 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202377
njupT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd Mdhy; Nju;jy; eilngw;w aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,Ue;j

rpq;fs murpaw; jiytu;fs; NghJ Nky;khfhzj;jpy; njupT murpay; r%f mikg;Gf;fspy;
Nfhupdhu;fs;. mt;Ntis nra;ag;gl;l ,yq;ifau;fs; gw;wpf; nfhz;lJ vd;gjpy;
aho;g;ghz rq;fj;jpdu; %d;W NgUNk rpq;fstu;fshf re;Njfkpy;iy.
rl;lthf;f rigapy; ,dthupahd kl;LNk ,Ug;gij 1913k; Mz;L mur
gpujpepjpj;Jt xJf;fPl;il eilKiwg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. NritapypUe;J Xa;T ngw;w
kPz;Lk; Nfhupdhu;fs;. me;jf; mUzhryk; mtu;fs; Nju;jypy; mUzhryk; mtu;fs; ,yq;if
Nfhupf;if Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;W Nghl;baplhjJ kl;Lky;yhJ. Njrpa rq;fj;jpD}lhf (Ceylon
tplf; $lhJ vd Kad;w ,yq;ifj; Njrpa fhq;fpu]py; National Association) murpaw;
rpq;fs murpaw; jiytu;fs; jpU. ,Ue;Jk; tpyfpdhu;. mJtiu fsj;jpy; fhyb vLj;J itj;jhu;.
mUzhryj;ij Kd;dpWj;jpNa ,dthupahd murpaiyr; gpd;du; murpaw; rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;
me;jf; Nfhupf;ifiaf; iftpl rpe;jpf;fhj mUzhryk; njhlu;ghd nraw;ghLfSf;fhf
itj;jhu;fs;. me;jsTf;F mtu; jdf;nfd;W gpur;rpid te;j cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if
,yq;ifj; Njrpathjpahf NghJjhd; jkpou; murpay; vd;w rPu;jpUj;j Nguit (The Ceylon
nraw;gl;lhu;. xd;iwj; njhlq;fpdhu;. Reform Leaque) apd; KjyhtJ
me;jf; fhy fl;lj;jpy; jdJ jkpopdthj jiytuhfTk; nraw;gl;lhu;.
,yq;ifapy; Vw;gLk; murpaw; murpaiyj; njhlu;tjw;fhf gpd;du; mtupd; ngUk; Kaw;rpahy;
rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; vt;tiffspy; 1923k; Mz;L ,yq;ifj; jkpou; 1919k; Mz;L ,yq;ifj; Njrpa
vy;yhk; ,dthupahf Nguitia cUthf;fpa jpU. fhq;fpu]; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
ngUk;ghd;ikapdu;> rpW mUzhryk; mtu;fs;; Xuhz;Lf;F mjd; Kjw; jiytuhfTk;
ghd;ikapdu; vd;w murpaiyAk; cs;NsNa ,we;J tpl;lhu;. mtNu njupT nra;ag;gl;lhu;.
tsu;j;njLf;Fk; vd;gJ gw;wp 1924k; Mz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mUzhryk; mtu;fs; ,yq;ifj;
uhkehjd; kw;Wk; mUzhryk; murpaw; rpu;jpUj;jj;jpd;gb Njrpa fhq;fpu]py; ,Ue;J
rNfhjuu;fs; rpe;jpj;Jf; nfhOk;gpypUe;J rl;lthf;f gpupe;J ,yq;ifj; jkpou;
$l ghu;f;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; rigf;F xU jkpo; gpujpepjp Nguitia Muk;gpf;Fk; fhyk;
mUzhryk; mtu;fs; 1921k; njupT nra;ag;gLtjw;fhd tiu jkpou;fspd; eyd; vd;w
Mz;L rl;lthf;f rigapy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. mbg;gilapy; Ngrpajpy;iy.
jdJ gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij cWjp mjw;F jpU. mUzhryk;; gpupj;jhdpa Ml;rpf;F KO
nra;tjw;fhf nfhOk;gpy; kfhNjth mtu;fs; rpq;fsj; tpRthrkhdtuhf ,Ue;j
jkpou;fSf;nfd xU njhFjp jiytu;fspd; MjuNthL njupT NghjpYk; xU ,yq;ifauhfNt
Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfhupdhu;. nra;ag;gl;lhu;. mUzhryk; nraw;gl;lhu;. gpupj;jhdpa
Mdhy; rpq;fsj; jiytu;fNsh capNuhL ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; me;j fhydpj;Jtj;Jf;F cl;gl;l
Nky; khfhzj;jpw;fhd %d;W ,lj;ij mtu; ngw;wpUg;ghu;> tifapy; mjpf msT
njhFjpfspy; nfhOk;Gf;nfd mtuJ ,yq;ifj; jkpou; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijAk; mjpfhuq;
mikAk; njhFjpapy; mUzhryk; Nguitf;F vd;d ele;jpUf;Fk; fisAk;; nfhz;ljhf
mtu;fs; njupT nra;ag;gLtij vd;gJ Nfs;tpf;Fupa xd;Nw. ,yq;ifapy; rl;lthf;f kw;Wk;
Mjutspg;gjhf cWjp Mdhy; mtu; itj;j jkpopd epiwNtw;wjpfhu rigfs; mika
“
mspj;jhu;fs;. murpay; vDk; neUg;G Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf mtu;
jPtpukhf cioj;jhu; vd;gjpy;
re;Njfkpy;iy.
mUzhryk; mtu;fs; ,yq;ifj; Njrpa Ml;rpr;
rpq;fstu;fSf;Fr;
rigapy;
rkdhd
fhq;fpu]py; ,Ue;J gpupe;J ,yq;ifj; mjpfhu murpaiyf; Nfhupa
jkpou; Nguitia Muk;gpf;Fk; fhyk; tiu jkpo; jiytu;fs; khfhz
Ml;rpiaNah> rk];biaNah
jkpou;fspd; eyd; vd;w mbg;gilapy; Nfhutpy;iy
Ngrpajpy;iy. ,yq;ifapd; murpaw;
rPu;jpUj;j Kd;Ndw;wk;
njhlu;ghf Nkw; nfhz;l jdJ
gpupj;jhdpa Ml;rpf;F KO tpRthrkhdtuhf ciufspYk;> vOj;Jf;fspYk;
,Ue;j NghjpYk; “
xU ,yq;ifauhfNt nraw;gl;lhu;.
mUzhryk; mtu;fs; gpupj;jhdpa
Ml;rpapd;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l
fPo; ,e;jpahtpy;
murpaw;
rPujpUj;jq;fs; gw;wp mbf;fb
78 78
Fwpg;gpLtij
nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
gpupj;jhdpa
cl;gl;l
ehLfspy;
toikahff;
mj;Jld;
fhydpj;Jtj;Jf;F
Vida
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
gy
“
,yq;ifapy; thOk; jkpou;fs; vz;zpf;if uPjpapy; Fiwe;j
rdj;njhif nfhz;ltu;fnsdpDk;> nghd; ,uhkehjd;
kw;Wk; nghd; mUzhryk; Nghd;wtu;fspd; jiyikapy;
murpaw; rPujpUj;jq;fspd; md;wpUe;j jkpou; murpay; jkpou;fis ,yq;ifapy; thOk;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; xU rpWghd;ikj; Njrpa ,dj;jtu;fs; vdf; fUjtpy;iy.
mEgtq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpl;L
mbf;fb NgrpapUf;fpwhu;> gpupj;jhdpau;fspd; Ml;rpapd; fPo; gzf;fhuu;fs; kw;Wk;
vOjpapUf;fpwhu;. 1919y; gbj;jtu;fisf; nfhz;l Nkl;Lf;Fbapdupd; Ml;rpjhd;
,e;jpahtpy; kj;jpa Ml;rp kw;Wk; njhle;J elf;Fk; vd;W ek;gpajhy; murpay;uPjpay;
khepy Ml;rp mikg;G Kiwfs;
jPu;f;fkhf
me;j Ml;rp
cUthf;fg;gl;ld.
mikg;Gf;fs;
“
jkpou;fSk; rpq;fstu;fSf;Fr; rkdhd ngUk;ghd;ikapdu;
vd;Nw fUjpdhu;fs; vd;gJ kpfj; njspthd xd;whFk;.
gpupj;jhdpa fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf;F
fl;Lg;gl;ljhfNt mike;j ahg;gpd; %yk; khepyq;fSf;F nghWj;j tiuapy; md;iwa
NghjpYk; mit thf;fhsu;fshy; Rahl;rp mstpyhd fzprkhd epiyapy; K];ypk; kf;fisAk;>
njupT nra;ag;gLk; gpujpepjpfs; mjpfhuq;fis toq;Fk; ,e;jpaj; jkpou;fisAk;;>
njhlu;ghfTk; mtu;fSf;fhd Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F gwq;fpaiuAk; kw;Wk; kNy
mjpfhuq;fs; njhlu;ghfTk; 1935k; Mz;L Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;l ,dj;ju;fisANk rpWghd;ik
Kd;Ndw;wfukhd gy murpay; mikg;Ng mbg;gilahf ,dj;jtu;fs; vdf; Fwpj;jdu;.
Vw;ghLfisf; nfhz;like;jd. mike;jJ. ,e;j mEgtq;fis j k p o u ; f S f ; f h d
Mdhy;> gpupj;jhdpa ,yq;ifj; jkpo;j; jiytu;fs; ,dthupahd gpujpepjpj;Jtk;
Ml;rpahsu;fsplk; ,yq;ifapd; nfhQ;rk; $l ghlkhf vLj;Jf; rl;lthf;f rigapy;
cs;Suhl;rp mikg;Gf;fs; nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf nfhOk;G Ntz;Lnkd;W Nfl;l
njhlu;gpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl ika murpaypy; ,Ue;j Nky;kl;l jkpo; Nkl;Lf; Fbapdu;>
Ntz;ba Kd;Ndw;wfukhd rpq;fs murpaw; jiytu;fNshL md;iwa epiyapy; ,yq;ifj;
rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; gw;wp epiwa rkdhd $l;lhspfshf ,Ue;J jkpou;fis tpl rdj;njhif
NgrpAk; vOjpAk; typAWj;jpa KO ,yq;ifau;fisAk; uPjpapy; $Ljyhf ,yq;ifapy;
mUzhryk; mtu;fNsh MStjpNyNa Fwpahf tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j ,e;jpaj;
my;yJ ,e;jpa murpaNyhL ,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;why; jkpou;fSf;F rdj; njhifapd;
neUf;fkhd cwTfisAk; kpifahfhJ. mbg;gilapy; ,dthupahd
mtjhdpg;GfisAk; nfhz;b ,yq;ifapy; thOk; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; jug;gl
Ue;j vida jkpo; murpaw; jkpou;fs; vz;zpf;if Ntz;Lnkd;W Nfhutpy;iy
jiytu;fNsh md;iwa uPjpapy; Fiwe;j rdj;njhif vd;gJ ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl
fhyfl;lj;jpy; ve;jnthU nfhz;ltu;fnsdpDk;> nghd; Ntz;ba xd;whFk;. xU
re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; ,yq;ifapy; ,uhkehjd; kw;Wk; nghd; Fwpg;gpl;l tajpdUf;F Nky;
khfhz mbg;gilapyhd mUzhryk; Nghd;wtu;fspd; midtUf;Fk; thf;Fupik
Ml;rpf; fl;likg;igg; gw;wp jiyikapy; md;wpUe;j jkpou; toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk;
NgrpajhfNth vOjpajhfNth murpay; jkpou;fis ,yq;ifapy; vz;zk; mg;NghJ jkpod
,y;iy. ,yq;if xw;iwahl;rp thOk; xU rpWghd;ikj; murpaypy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
Kiwapyhd xNu epu;thff; Njrpa ,dj;jtu;fs; vdf; khwhf> gbj;jtu;fSf;F
fl;likg;ig nfhz;ljhf fUjtpy;iy. gpupj;jhdpau;fspd; kl;LNk thf;Fupik toq;fg;gl
,Ug;gjpNyNa mf;fiwahf Ml;rpapd; fPo; gzf;fhuu;fs; Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj aho; ikathj
,Ue;jhu;fs;. kw;Wk; gbj;jtu;fisf; murpaypd; rpe;jidahf ,Ue;jJ.
1919k; Mz;L ,e;jpahtpy; nfhz;l Nkl;Lf;Fbapdupd; 1924k; Mz;L Nky;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l kj;jpa kw;Wk; Ml;rpjhd; njhle;J elf;Fk; khfhzj;Jf;F rkdhf tlf;F
khfhz Ml;rp mikg;G vd;W ek;gpajhy; murpay;uPjpay; khfhzj;Jf;Fk; Ie;J gpujpepjpfs;
Kiwjhd; 1935k; Mz;L jkpou;fSk; rpq;fstu;fSf;Fr; rl;l rigapy; ,lk; ngw
NkYk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd rkdhd ngUk;ghd;ikapdu; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ
rPujpUj;jq;fSf;F cs;shdJ. vd;Nw fUjpdhu;fs; vd;gJ kpfj; tlf;F khfhzk; KOikf;Fk;
1947k; Mz;L Rje;jpuk; ngw;w njspthd xd;whFk;. rpq;fs njupT nra;ag;gl;l Ie;J
,e;jpah mjdJ FbauR murpay; - jkpo; Nkl;Lf; Fbapdiug; NgUk; aho;g;ghz cau;rhjp
79 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202379
typAWj;jpa NghJ jkpou;

nfhz;L tUk; Nehf;Fldhd
,e;Jf;fNs. mJ kl;Lky;yhJ gpujpepjpfSk; ,ize;jpUe;jhy;>
Ntiyj; jpl;lj;ijNa mtu;
nfhOk;gpy; jkpoUf;nfd xU mJ jkpou;fspd; Nfhupf;ifahf
Kd;ndLj;jhu;;. Vnddpy;
jdpg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; njupT kl;Lk; ,y;yhJ> rpq;fstu;fSk;
1924k; Mz;L nfhOk;gpy;
nra;ag;gLtjw;Fk; Vw;ghL jkpou;fSk; ,ize;j
jkpou;fSf;nfdxU xU
nra;ag;gl;lJ. me;j ,lj;Jf;F Nfhupf;ifahf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; fpilj;j NghJ
njupT nra;ag;gl;ltu; jpU nghd; ,e;jf; mtuJfhyfl;lj;jpy;
kfd; mUzhryk;
mUzhryj;jpd; kfd; kfhNjth gpuj;jjhdpau;fs; ,e;jpahtpy;
kfhNjth nfhOk;Gika rpq;fs
mtu;fs;. ,t;thwhd epiyik rk];b mbg;gilapyhd murpaw;
murpaj; jiyiikfNshL
Vw;gl;lTld; aho;g;ghzj; rPu;jpUj;j Kd;Ndw;wq;fis Nkw
rkurkhfpf; nfhz;lhu;.
jkpodthj murpaw;fhuu;fs; ;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. ,yq;ifapy;
mUzhryk; capNuhL
md;iwa mtu;fspd; cldb mJ elf;ftpy;iy. fhuzk;
,Ue;jpUe;jhYk; mijNa
murpaw; Njitfs; njhlu;gpy; jkpopdthj mbg;gilapyhd
nra;jpUg;ghu; vd;gjpy;
jpUg;jp nfhz;lhu;fs;. murpaypd; Kjw;fl;lk;
re;NjfNkapy;iy.
NfhzyhfNt Muk;gpj;jJ. 1924k; Mz;bd; rl;lthf;f
md;W rk];bia Kw;whf jdf;F nfhOk;Gg;
rigf;fhf kf;fshy; njupT
epuhfupj;j jkpo; murpay; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;ag;gl;l 29 cWg;gpdu;fs;
fpilf;ftpy;iy
nad;wTld;> ,lk; ngWtjw;fhd Vw;ghl;L
jkpou;fSf;nfd
mUzhryk; mtu;fs;> ,yq;ifj; gpujpepjpj;Jtk;> mjw;fhf
nra;ag;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ
Njrpa fhq;fpu]py; ,Ue;j NghJk; jkpou;fspd; ,duPjpahf
tlf;F khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5
rup mij tpl;L ntspNawpa xw;Wikg;gl Ntz;Lk;> mjw;fhd
jkpou;fSk;> fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;
NghJk; rup ,yq;ifapy; kj;jpa Mjuit ,yq;if KOtjpYk;>
,Ue;J 2 jkpou;fSk;>
kw;Wk; khfhz Ml;rp Kiwik gpupj;jhdpa fhydpf;Ff; fPo;
nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J jkpou;fspd;
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; Ntz;Lnkd;W ,Ue;j ehLfs; midj;jpYKs;s
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; vd xUtUk;
Nfhupf;ifia tYthf jkpou;fspilNaAk;> njd;dpe;
,lk; ngw;wdu;. mNjNtis>
Kd;itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd; jpahtpYk; jpul;l Ntz;Lnkdg;
,dthupahf 3 INuhg;gpau;fSk;>
%yk; ,yq;ifapy; mg;NghNj Gwg;gl;l jpU.
,uz;L nghd; gwq;fpau;fSk;;>
Xu; murpaw; fl;;likg;G mUzhryk;> mtw;wpw;F khwhf
,e;jpau;fSf;nfd ,uz;L
khw;wj;jpw;fhd mbj;jsk; ,yq;ifapy; kj;jpa kw;Wk;
gpujpepjpfSk;> K];ypk;fSf;nfd
,lg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 1925k; khfhz Ml;rp %d;W Kiwfisf;gpujpepjpfSk; ,lk;
Mz;L murpaw; jsj;jpy; fhyb NfhupapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ngw;wdu;;. Mf> mg;NghJ kf;fspd;
itj;j v];. lGs;A+. Mu;. b. khwhf> jkpopd murpay; vd;w
gpujpepjpfshf rl;lthf;f
gz;lhuehaf;fh mtu;fs; fz;ba xd;iwj; Njhw;Wtpj;J rpq;fsj;
rigapy; ,Ue;j 37 Ngupy; 13
rpq;fstu;fspd; Nfhupf;ifahf jiytu;fis kiwKfkhf
Ngu; jkpo; NgRk; kf;fisg;
rk];bf; Nfhupf;ifia kpul;b jkJ topf;Ff;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpdu;.
“
rpq;fs kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfshf
njd;dpyq;ifapd; VO
khtl;lq;fspypUe;J 16 Ngu;
gz;lhuehaf;fh fz;ba Njrpag; Nguitapdhy; njupT nra;ag;gl;ldu;. mij
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rk];bf; Nfhupf;ifiaj; jhq;fpagb jdJ tpl ,uz;L Ngu; fiuNahu
murpaiy cuj;j FuYld; Muk;gpj;jhu;. gz;lhuehaf;fh rpq;fs kf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk;
mtu;fs; jkJ rk];b mikg;Gf; Nfhupf;iff;F MjuT Njb nra;gtu;fshf njupT
tlf;F fpof;F khfhz murpay; r%fg; gpuKfu;fis ehba nra;ag;gl;bUe;jdu;> ,e;jg;
NghJ ahUNk MjuT nfhLf;ftpy;iy. gjpndl;Lg; Ngupy; ,Utu;
Mq;fpNya tk;rhtopapdu;.
rl;lthf;f rigapy; ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fSf;fhd gpujpepjpj;Jt ,t;thwhd xU
vz;zpf;ifiaf; $l;b jk;ik rpq;fstu;fSf;Fr; rkdhf fhyfl;lj;jpy;j;jhd; fz;ba
epiy epWj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;Jf;F mg;ghy; rpq; f stu; f Sk; jhq; fSk;
xU jdpj; Njrpa ,dk; vd;w
md;iwf;F r%f murpaw; nry;yhf;F kpf;ftu;fshf ,Ue;j rpe;jidapy; nraw;gl;ldu;.
jkpou;fs; kj;jpapy; Kw;Nghf;fhd murpaw; rpe;jidfs;
“
vJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
xf;];Nghu;l; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy;
gbj;J Kbj;J tpl;L ehL
jpUk;gpa gz;lhuehaf;fh
fz;ba Njrpag; Nguitapdhy;
80 80
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l rk];bf;
Nfhupf;ifiaj; jhq;fpagb
jdJ murpaiy cuj;j FuYld;
Muk;gpj;jhu;. gz;lhuehaf;fh
mtu;fs; jkJ rk];b mikg;Gf;
Nfhupf;iff;F MjuT Njb
tlf;F fpof;F khfhz murpay;
r%fg; gpuKfu;fis ehba NghJ
ahUNk MjuT nfhLf;ftpy;iy.
rl;lthf;f rigapy; ,yq;ifj;
jkpou;fSf;fhd gpujpepjpj;Jt
vz;zpf;ifiaf; $l;b
jk;ik rpq;fstu;fSf;Fr;
rkdhf epiy epWj;j Ntz;Lk;
vd;w vz;zj;Jf;F mg;ghy;
md;iwf;F r%f murpaw;
nry;yhf;F kpf;ftu;fshf ,Ue;j
jkpou;fs; kj;jpapy; Kw;Nghf;fhd
murpaw; rpe;jidfs; vJTk;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. fz;ba
rpq;fsg; Nguitapd; Fuyhf
gz;lhuehaf;fh rk];bf;
Nfhupf;ifia Kd;itj;j NghJ
mjidNa jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd;
gpujpepjpfSk; xNu Fuyhf
vOg;gpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ
mg;NghJ md;iwa rl;lthf;f
rigapy; ngUk;ghd;ik
ahdtu;fspd; Nfhupf;ifahf
,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.
nlhd%u; Mizf;FO
1927y; ,yq;ifapy; murpaw;
rPu;jpUj;jj;Jf;fhd rpghu;Rfis kl;LNk thf;Fupik toq;fg;gl ,yq;ifau;fNs jPu;khdpf;Fk;
jpul;ba NghJ fz;ba Ntz;Lk;> ngz;fSf;F tifahf VO mikr;ru;fisAk;>
Njrpaf;fhuu;fs; ,yq;ifia thf;Fupik toq;fg;glf;$lhJ mtu;fs; xt;nthUtupdJk;
%d;W khepyq;fshf vd;gtw;iwNa typAWj;jpdu;. jiyikapy; VO epiwNtw;wjpfhu
gpupj;J rk];b Ml;rp Kiw mj;Jld;> rl;lthf;f rigfSk; (Executive Councils)
Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; rigapy; rpq;fstu;fs; jdpNa nraw;gl Vw;ghL nra;jJ.
vd;gij typAWj;jpdhu;fs;. ngUk;ghd;ikf; nfhz;bUf;fhj ,tw;NwhL nlhd%u; murpaw;
mjd;gb> tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F tifapy; jkpou;fSf;F rPu;jpUj;j rpghu;R mwpf;ifahdJ
khfhzq;fs; xUq;fpize;j gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;f Ntz;Lk; ,yq;ifapy; Kjw; fl;lkhf
xNu khepykhfTk;;> kj;jpa vd;gjpNyNa Fwpahf ,Ue;jdu;. (fz;ba Njrpaf; fhuu;fshy;
khfhzk;> Cth khfhzk; nlhd%u; murpaw; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l %d;W
kw;Wk; rguf%th khfhzk; rPu;jpUj;jkhdJ khepyq;fspy;) xU khepyj;jpy;
Mfpatw;iw ,izj;J xU 1) gpuNjr thupahf kf;fshy; khfhz rig mikg;gpid
khepykhfTk;;> Vida ehd;F njupT nra;ag;gLk; 50 gpujpfis guPl;rhu;j;jkhf Nkw;nfhz;L
khfhzq;fSk; ,izf;fg;gl;L cs;slf;fpa mur rigia (State mjid NkYk; tpUj;jp
xU khepykhfTk; Ml;rp mikg;G Council) cUthf;fpaJ> nra;Ak;gb Fwpg;gpl;lJ.
Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj. 2) 21 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l nlhd%u; rpghu;R
,e;jf; Nfhupf;ifiaf; fp;rpw;Wk; midtUf;Fk; thf;Fupikia mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
fz;L nfhs;shj md;iwa toq;fpaJ> ,jidj; jkpo;g; gpujpepjpfs;
jkpo;g; gpujpepjpfs; ru;trd 3) ghJfhg;G> rl;lk;> ePjp kw;Wk; vtUk; VnwLj;Jk;
thf;Fupik toq;ff; $lhJ> xOq;F> epjp Mfpatw;iwj; jtpu ghu;f;ftpy;iy> mjd; kPJ ve;j
gbj;j cau;rhjpapdUf;F Vida tptfhuq;fisnay;yhk; mf;fiwAk; nrYj;jTkpy;iy.
81 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202381
1949k;
fl;rp
jkpo;
Mz;L
murpaw;
fhyk;
,yq;ifapy; rk];b mikg;G

jkpouRf;
rk];bf; Nfhupf;ifia
Kd;itf;Fk; tiu
jiytu;fs;
“
1939k; Mz;L gz;lhuehaf;fh mtu;fs;
cs;Suhl;rp epu;thf mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jhu;.
mg;NghJ jkpou; gpujpepjpfspd; Nfhupf;ifahf
Kiwia vjpu;f;Fk; murpaiyNa ,Ue;j 50f;F 50 gpujpepjpj;Jtk; vd;w Nfhupf;iff;F
nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. Vw;gLtij khw;whf gz;lhuehaf;fh jiyikapyhd
vjpu;j;Nj te;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. 1939k; epiwNtw;W rigahdJ nlhd%updhy; rpghu;R
Mz;L gz;lhuehaf;fh mtu;fs;
cs;Suhl;rp epu;thf mikr;ruhf nra;ag;gl;lgbahd khepy Ml;rp Kiw Vw;gLtij
,Ue;jhu;. mg;NghJ jkpou; guprPyidf;F vLj;jJ.
gpujpepjpfspd; Nfhupf;ifahf
,Ue;j 50f;F 50 gpujpepjpj;Jtk; Mdhy;> mg;NghJ jkpou; gpujpepjpfspy;
vd;w Nfhupf;iff;F khw;whf
gz;lhuehaf;fh jiyikapyhd
kpfg; gpugykhdtu;fshf ,Ue;j jpU [p.[p.
epiwNtw;W rigahdJ nghd;dk;gyKk;> jpU. v]; eNlrDk; mjid kpff;
nlhd%updhy; rpghu;R fLikahf vjpu;j;jhu;fs;. mJ jkpou;fspd; 50f;F 50
nra;ag;gl;lgbahd khepy Ml;rp vd;w Nfhupf;ifiaj; jpir jpUg;Gtjw;fhf rpq;fsj;
Kiw Vw;gLtij guprPyidf;F
vLj;jJ.
jkpou;
Mdhy;>
gpujpepjpfspy;
mg;NghJ
kpfg; vd;whu;fs;.
“
jiytu;fs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tQ;rfkhd eltbf;if
gpugykhdtu;fshf ,Ue;j
jpU [p.[p. nghd;dk;gyKk;> nraw;ghLfisAk; nfhz;ljhf fhq;fpu]pd; murpaiy xj;jhfNt
jpU. v]; eNlrDk; mjid ,Ue;jJ. me;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; gy;NtW tiffspYk; jkJ
kpff; fLikahf vjpu;j;jhu;fs;. njw;fpy; Kistpl;l ,lJrhup murpaiyAk; Kd; nfhz;L
mJ jkpou;fspd; 50f;F 50 rpe;jid nfhz;ltu;fSf;Fk; nry;y Kad;whu;fs;. fhydpj;Jt
vd;w Nfhupf;ifiaj; jpir aho;g;ghz ,isQu; Ml;rpapypUe;J G+uz Rje;jpuk;
jpUg;Gtjw;fhf rpq;fsj; fhq;fpu];fhuu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ngWjy; vd;w Nfhupf;ifNahL
jiytu;fs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Xu; me;epNahd;akhd cwTfs; nraw;gl;ljdhy;> gpupj;jhdpa
tQ;rfkhd eltbf;if Vw;gl;ld. me;j ,af;fkhdJ Ml;rpahsu;fsplk; ,yq;ifapy;
vd;whu;fs;. gpupj;jhdpa fhydpj;Jtj;jpypUe;J XU rk];bf; fl;likg;G
,yq;iff;F Rje;jpuk; ngWk; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W
ePW G+j;j neUg;ghf fple;j Nfhupf;ifiaf; nfhz;ljhfTk; gpupj;jhdpa Ml;rpahsu;fsplk;
jkpopd murpaiy ,yq;ifau; midtupdJ NfhUtij mtu;fs; Vw;ftpy;iy.
Cjpg; ngUf;fp cau;j;jpa [p.[p. eyidAk; Fwpj;j nghJthd 1926k; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F
nghd;dk;gyk;; murpaiyf; nfhz;l tp[ak; nra;J jkJ rk];bf;
,af;fkhfTk; nraw;gl;lJ. Nfhupf;ifia tpupthf tpsf;fp
1920fspd; eLg;gFjpapy; gbj;j mj;Jld; gy;NtW r%f Kd; itj;jNghJ aho;g;ghz
Kw;Nghf;fhd ,isQu; Fohk; rPu;jpUj;j eltbf;iffis rq;fj;jpdu; khj;jpuky;y>
xd;W aho;g;ghz khztu;; Kd;ndLg;gjhfTk; tPWld; aho;g;ghz ,isQu; fhq;fpu];
fhq;fpu]; (Jaffna Students nraw;gl;lJ. me;j ,af;fk; ,e;jpa jiytu;fSk; mjid
Congress) vd Muk;gpj;J Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhfg; Nghuhbf; epuhfupj;jhu;fs;. mg;NghJ
gpd;du; aho;g;ghz ,isQu; nfhz;bUe;j kfhj;kh fhe;jp jkpoupd; murpaypy; rk];b
fhq;fpu]; - Jaffna Youth Congress kw;Wk; [tù;yhy; NeU vd;gJ xU jPz;lj; jfhj
vDk;; ,af;fkhf nraw;gl;lJ. Nghd;wtu;fis jkJ Mju;r tplakhfNt ,Ue;jJ.
mg;NghJ aho;g;ghz murpay; murpay; topfhl;bfshf tupj;Jf; 1931k; Mz;Lf;fhd
r%f tplaq;fspy; gpugy;akhf nfhz;lhu;fs;: nlhd%u; murpaw;
,Ue;j aho;g;ghz rq;fk; 1927k; Mz;L khfhj;kh rPu;jpUj;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
cau;rhjp ,e;Jf;fspd; mikg;ghf fhe;jp aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F cUthf;fg;gl;l mur rigapy;
nraw;gl;L te;jJ. aho;g;ghz tp[ak; nra;jNghJ aho;g;ghz kf;fshy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l
,isQu; fhq;fpu]hdJ mJ ,isQu; fhq;fpu]; jiytu;fs; 50 gpujpepjpfspy; 40
murpaw; nfhs;iffs; nfhz;l mtNuhL kpf neUf;fkhf Ngu; rpq;fs kf;fspd;
,af;fkhf kl;Lky;yhJ> r%f ciuahly;fis Nkw; ngUk;ghd;ikahd thf;Ffshy;
rPu;jpUj;j fUj;Jf;fisAk; nfhz;lhu;fs;: ,e;jpa Njrpaf; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;ltu;fshfTk;>
82 82
10 Ngu; kl;LNk jkpo; NgRk; rigapd; cWg;gpduhdhu;. jtpu NtW ve;j Kd;ida
kf;fshy; Nju;;njLf;fg;gl;l 1931k; Mz;L murpaw; gpd;dzpAk; ,y;yhj
gpujpepjpfshfTk; MFk; mur rigapy; ,yq;ifj; [p.[p.nghd;dk;gyk; 1934k;
epiy cUthdJ. ,J 1924k; jkpou;fs;> ,e;jpaj; jkpou;fs;> Mz;L gUj;jpj;Jiwj;
cUthf;fg;gl;l rl;lthf;f kw;Wk; K];ypk;fSf;fhd njhFjpapypUe;J mur rigf;F
rigapy; 18f;F 13 vd ,Ue;j gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nkhj;jj;jpy; njupT nra;ag;gl;lhu;. jpU [p.[p.
epiyapypUe;J ngUk; khw;wkhd 10 Ngu; kl;LNk ,Ue;jdu;. nghd;dk;gyk; jdJ murpay;
xU epiyia Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. 7 ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fSk;> Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij czu;j;j Nru;
1931k; Mz;L mur rig 2 ,e;jpaj; jkpou;fSk; xU mUzhryj;jpd; jkpopdj;Jf;fhd
cUthf;fj;ijj; njhlu;e;J K];ypk; gpujpepjpANk njupT rk gpujpepjpepjpj;Jt murpay;
fz;ba rpq;fstu;fspd; rk];bf; nra;ag;gl;ldu;. 1936k; Mz;L Nfhrj;ijNa cau;j;jpg; gpbj;jhu;.
Nfhupf;if Xaj; njhlq;fpaJ. eilngw;w mur rigf;fhd ,Nj fhyfl;lj;jpy; jdJ FLk;g
mjdhy; nlhd%u; murpaw; Nju;jypy; K];ypk; kf;fspd; nry;thf;ifAk; jdJ Ngr;rhw;wy;
rPu;jpUj;j rpghu;R mwpf;ifapy; gpujpepjpahf xUtu; $l njupT kw;Wk; vOj;jhw;wiyAk;
,lk; ngw;w khfhz Ml;rp nra;ag;gl tpy;iy vd;gJ nfhz;L 1931k; Mz;L
mikg;G Kiw gw;wpa tplak; Fwpg;gplj; jf;fJ. 1931k; Mz;L ntahq;nfhil njhFjpapUe;J
rpq;fstu;fshy; ftdpf;fg;glhj mur rigapy; jkpou;fspd; mur rigf;F njupT nra;ag;gl;l
xU tplakhdJ. 1931k; gpujpepjpj;Jt vz;zpf;if gz;lhuehaf;fh mtu;fs; jdJ
Mz;ilj; njhlu;e;J fz;ba xg;gPl;LuPjpay; kpff; Fiwthf murpaw; nry;thf;if rpq;fs
Nkl;Lf;Fb murpay; r%fj; mike;jik jkpopd murpaYf;F murpaw; jiytu;fs; kj;jpapy;
jiytu;fSk;> rpq;fstu;fs; kPz;Lk; capu; nfhLj;jJ. rpq;fs J}f;fp epWj;Jtjw;fhf rpq;fs
vDk; nkhop mbg;gilapyhd Nkl;Lf; FbNahL jkpo; Nkl;Lf; ,d murpaiy cau;j;jpdhu;.
nghJ milahsj;ij Nehf;fp FbapdUk; gq;fhspfshf Kd;du; jhd; cau;j;jpg; gpbj;j
nraw;glj; njhlq;fpdu;: ,Ue;J ,yq;if KOtjpYk; rk];bf; Nfhupf;if murpay;
rpq;fstu;fspd; xw;Wik murpay; nra;tJ KbTf;F te;j rpq;fstu;fs; kj;jpapy; vLglhJ
vd;gJ njd;dpyq;ifapy; NghjpYk;> nfhOk;G ika vd;gjidf; fz;L nfhz;l
xU gue;Jgl;l ntF[d rpq;fsj; NjrpaKk; aho;g;ghz mtu; mjidf; if tpl;L tpl;L>
murpayhfpaJ: mJ ,yq;ifj; ika jkpo;j; NjrpaKk; rupf;Fr; rpq;fstu;fspd; cupikfs;>
Njrpa czu;tiyfspypUe;J rkdhf Ml;rpf; fjpiufspy; rpq;fstu;fSf;fhd murpaw;
tpyfp rpq;fsj; Njrpa thjk; tPW ,Ue;J ,yq;if KOtJf;Fkhd ghJfhg;G> rpq;fstu;fspd;
nfhz;nlOtjw;fhd jsq;fis mjpfhuj;ijr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd xw;Wik vd;gdtw;iw jdJ
nay;yhk; tYg;gLj;jpaJ. vz;zj;jpNyNa jkpou; murpay; Kd;dpiy murpayhf;fpdhu;.
1931k; Mz;L aho;g;ghz njhlu;e;jJ. mjw;F khw;whf rpq;fs ,dj;jpul;rpf;fhd
,isQu; fhq;fpu]; mur jkpou;fspd; gpuNjrq;is murpaYk; mjw;nfjpuhd
rigf;fhd Nju;jiyg; ikakhff; nfhz;l xU jkpopdj; jpul;rpf;fhd murpaYk;
Gwf;fzpf;Fk; ,af;fj;ij Rahl;rp Kiwiag; ngWtjw;F 1930 fspd; eLg;gFjpapy; ,uz;L
elhj;jpaJ. mjdhy; jkpou;fspd; murpay; jahuhf gf;fKk; ,dthj murpaiy
aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ahUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. rq;fpypad; fpsg;gptpl;ld. ,yq;ifapy;
Nju;jYf;fhd Ntl;ghsu; Mz;lhd;> gz;lhu td;dpad; Kd;dzpf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jd.
epakdg; gj;jpuq;fis Mz;lhd;> INuhg;gpau; gz;lhuehaf;fh xU gf;fk;
rku;g;gpf;ftpy;iy. MdhYk; tUiff;F Kjy; jkpou; rpq;fstu;fspd cupikfSf;fhf
jpU [p [p nghd;dk;gyk; Njrk; NtW> rpq;fstu; Njrk;> “capiuNa nfhLg;Ngd; vd;W
rj;jkpd;wp kd;dhUf;fhd Nju;jw; gpupj;jhdpau;fNs jkpou; Koq;fpdhu;. kWgf;fk; [p.[p
njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;L mq;F Njrj;ij tYf;fl;lhakhf nghd;dk;gyk; 'jkpondd;W
Njhy;tp mile;jhu;. 1931k; rpq;fstu; Njrj;NjhL nrhy;ylh> jiy epkpu;e;J
Mz;bd; gpd;du; aho;g;ghz ,izj;J tpl;lhu;fs; vd;w epy;ylh" vd Koq;fpdhu;.
,isQu; fhq;fpu]pd; tPupak; fijfnsy;yhk; mg;NghJ 1936k; Mz;L> mur
Fiwe;J Nghdjhy; 1934k; jkpou;fspd; Mjpf;f murpaypy; rigf;fhd Nju;jiyj; njhlu;e;J
Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;Jf;fhd ,lk; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ jdpNa rpq;fstu;fis kl;Lk;
ehd;F njhFjpfspYk; ,ilj; ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;ba nfhz;l mikr;ruit
Nju;jy; eilngw;wJ. mjpy; xd;whFk;. (Pan-Sinhala Ministry)
gUj;jpj;Jiwj; njhFjpapw; 1931k; Mz;L kd;dhu; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 1931k;
Nghl;bapl;L [p [p njhFjpay; Nghl;bapl;L Mz;Lf;Fk; 1936k; Mz;Lf;Fk;
nghd;dk;gyk; mtu;fs; mur Njhy;tp mile;jhu; vd;gijj; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; 1931k;
83 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202383
Mz;L `w;wdpy; ,Ue;J njupT nfhz;lhu;fs;. nghd;dk;gyk; Mz;Lfspy; njhlq;fp

nra;ag;gl;l jpU ngup Re;juk; mtu;fspd; fUj;JfSf;F Nrhy;gup Mizf;FO fhyk;
mtu;fs; njhopyhsu; ey> vjpuhfNt mtu;fspd; Nfh] cl;gl ,yq;if 1948y;
ifj;njhopy; Jiw kw;Wk; tu;j;jf q;fSk; ,Ue;jd. ,JNt Rje;jpuk; milAk; tiu jpU
Jiw Mfpatw;wpd; mikr;ruhf. ,yq;ifapy; jkpou;fSf;F nghd;dk;gyk; mtu;fs; jdJ
mNjNtis kl;lf;fsg;G njw;F vjpuhd rpq;fstu;fspd; Kjw; 50f;F 50 gpujpepjpj;Jtk; vd;Wk;
njhFjpapypUe;J 1931k; Mz;L fytuk; vd rpy murpay; Nfhrj;jpy; kpfTk; gpbthjkhfNt
njupT nra;ag;gl;l jpU khf;fhd; Ma;thsu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ,Ue;jhu;. jkpou;; gpujpepjpfspd;
khu;f;fu; mtu;fs; njhlu;Gfs; jpU. nghd;dk;gyk; xj;Jiog;G ,y;yhtpl;lhy;
Jiw mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jhu;. ( mtu;fs; ehtyg;gpl;bay; ,yq;iff;F Rje;jpuk; fpilg;gJ
mg;NghJ mk;ghiw khtl;lk; ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fSf;F rhj;jpakhfhJ my;yJ ngUk;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. 1961k; Mz;Nl vjpuhd gpur;rhuj;ij jpU jhkjj;Jf;F cs;shfyhk; vd;w
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpypUe;J gz;lhuehaf;fh mtu;fs; Xu; mr;rk; rpq;fstu;fsplk;
gpupj;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ) njd;dpyq;if KOtJTk; ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; gy rpq;fsj;
rpq;fstu;fSf;Fr; rkkhd vLj;Jr; nrd;W rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs; 50f;F 50 vd;w
,dthupahd gpujpepjpj;Jtk; Njrpa xw;Wikia gug;Giu tpfpjhrhuj;jpypUe;J rw;Wf;
Nfl;l rpWghd;ikj; Njrpa nra;jhu;. nghd;dk;gyk; Fiwe;j tpfpjhrhuj;jpy;
,dq;fSf;F ',yq;if jkpou; gpuNjrq;fspYk; mjid rkurk; nra;tjw;F
rpq;fstUf;Nf cupaJ" gz;lhuehaf;fh rpq;fstu; Kaw;rpj;jhu;fs;. mNjNtis
vd;gij epiyehl;bf; fhl;lNt gpuNjrq;fspYk; jk;ikj; jdpg; ,yq;ifapy; %d;W khfhzq;fs;
jdpr; rpq;fs ke;jpup rig ngUk; jiytu;fshf epiy vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; rk];b
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vDk; ehl;bf; nfhs;Sk; ,dthj Kiw gw;wpAk; ciuahbdhu;fs;.
tpjkhfNt nlhz; gwz; Ngr;Rg; Nghl;bfspy; jPtpukhf Mdhy; nghd;dk;gyk; jdJ
n[ajpyfh Nghd;wtu;fs; jkJ <Lgl;lhu;fs;. gpbthjj;jpypue;J ,wq;fj;
tPwhg;Gfis ntspapl;lhu;fs;. ,e;j tplaj;jpy; jahuhf ,y;iy. mjw;Fr;
rpq;fs kfh rgh (Sinhala gz;lhuehaf;fh kpfr; aho;g;ghz rq;fj;jtu;fSk;
Maha Sabha) it Mf;fp rhJupakhdtuhf ,Ue;jhu; Jiz epd;whu;fs;.
rpq;fstu;fs; kj;jpapy; vd;gij Fwpg;gpl
gpugy;ak; ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntz;Lk;. rpq;fstu;fspd; 1. rpq;fsj; jiytu;fNshL
gz;lhuehaf;fhitAk; 1936k; xw;Wik> rpq;fstu; fspd; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J rkurkhf
Mz;L Xu; mikr;ruhf b. cupik> rpq;fstu;fspd; jPu;T fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;w
v];. Nrdehaf;fh kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;iw typA jpU kfhNjth mtu;fs;
gwz; n[ajpyfh Nghd;Nwhu; Wj;jpa mNjNtis mtu; nghd;dk;gyj;jhy; JNuhfp vdg;
cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. jkpou;fSf;F vjpuhfNth gl;lk; #l;lg;gl;lhu;.
rpq;fsj; jPAk; jkpo;j; jPAk; jkpou;fis ,opTgLj;Jk;
nfhOe;J tpl;L vupaj; tpjkhfNth gpur;rhuq;fis 2. fhyg; Nghf;fpy; K];ypk;fspd;
njhlq;fpa Ntisapy; mjw;F Nkw; nfhs;stpy;iy. gpujpepjpfs; jk;ik
NkYk; vz;nza; Cw;Wk; NkYk; rpq;fstu;fspd; nghd;dk;gyj;jpd; murpaw;
tifahf 1939k; Mz;L xw;Wikia typAWj;Jifapy; Nfhrj;jpy; ,Ue;J J}u tpyf;fpf;
ehtyg;gpl;bapy; ele;j xU rpq;fstu;fs; kj;jpapYs;s nfhz;lhu;fs;.
gfpuq;f $l;lj;jpy; [p.[p. rhjp Vw;wj;jho;TfSf;F
nghd;dk;gyk; mtu;fs; rpq;fs vjpuhfTk; gpur;rhuk; nra;jhu;. 3.mNjNghyNt fpof;Fj;
,dj;ij xU fyg;gpdk; vd;Wk; ngsj;ju;fs; fpwp];j;jtu;fs; jkpou;fspd; gpujpepjpfSk;
guhf;fpukghF cl;gl rpq;fs vd;w NtWghbd;wp xw;Wikg;gl nghd;dk;gyj;jpd; Nfhrj;Jf;F
muru;fs; midtUk; miuj; Ntz;Lnkd;whu;. Mdhy; gpd;dhy; nry;tjpypUe;J
jkpou;fs; vd;Wk; fUj;Jf;fis nghd;dk;gyNkh kPz;Lk; xt;nthUtuhf tpyfpf;
ntspapl;lhu;. mJ rpq;fstu;fs; kPz;Lk; rpq;fstu;fis nfhz;lhu;fs;.
kj;jpapy; jkpou;fSf;F ,opTgLj;Jk; tpjkhfTk;
vjpuhd ,dthjj;jPia %l;b mr;RWj;Jk; tpjkhfTk; 4. V.<. Fzrpq;fh Nghd;wtu;fs;
tpl;lJ. ,jd; tpisthf> nraw;gl;lNjhL aho; ika ,yq;ifapypUe;j ,e;jpau;fSf;F
rpy ehl;fspy; gJis ,e;Jj;Jt Nkl;Lf;Fb vjpuhd murpaiy rpq;fstu;fs;
khtl;lj;jpYs;s griwapy; murpaiyNa njhlu;e;J epiy kj;jpapy; ngupa mstpy;
rpq;fstu;fs; jkpou;fSf;F epWj;jpdhu;. fpsg;gp tpl;ldu; ,e;jpau;fis
vjpuhf td;Kiwfis Nkw; 1930fspd; ,Wjp gbg;gbahf ,e;jpahTf;F
84 84
jpUg;gp mDg;Gk; jpl;lj;ij rkurkhd ve;jnthU murpaw;

jPu;khdfukhf ,yq;if
MdhYk; ,d;Wk; jpU jPu;T Vw;gLtjw;Fk; jpU
murhq;fk; 1939NyNa Muk;gpj;jJ. mUzhryk; njhlf;fp nghd;dk;gyNkh my;yJ
itj;J jpU nghd;dk;gyk; mtiur; Nru;e;jtu;fNsh
5. ,e;jpahtpypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp njhlu;e;J Kd;ndLj;j mDkjpf;fTkpy;iy.
nra;Ak; gy nghUl;fSf;fhd Nkhl;Lj; jdkhd murpaNy gpupj;jhdpa Ml;rpapdu;
tupfis ,yq;if murhq;fk; jkpou;fs; kj;jpapy; ,yq;ifapy; jkJ eyd;fs;
mjpfupj;jJ. njhlu;fpwJ. njhlu;tjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis
kl;Lk; nra;J tpl;L>
,yq;ifapypUe;j ,e;jpa kf;fspd;
6. mjw;F vjpuhf ,e;jpahtp ,yq;iff;fhd Rje;jpuj;ij
gpujpepjpfSk; jkJ mf;fiwfis
ypUe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rpq;fsg; ngUk;ghd;ikapd;
nghd;dk;gyj;jpd; Nfhrj;NjhL
nghUshjhu eltbf;;iffspd; iffspy; xg;gilj;J tpl;L
njhlu;e;J ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L
tpisthf aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J nrd;W tpl;ldu;.
nry;y Kbahjtu;fshf Mapdu;.
,e;jpahTf;F Vw;Wkjpahfpf; 'jkpou;fs; murpay;
,e;jf; fhy fl;lj;jpy;
nfhz;bUe;j Gifapiy murpay; mdhijfs;
2k; cyf kfh Aj;jKk;
tu;j;jfk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. mJ Mf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhu;fs;!
cf;fpukhfpaJ.
aho;g;ghzj;jpd; nghUshjh gpupj;jhdpa Vfhjpgj;jpak;
,j;jidf;Fk; gpd;dUk;
uj;ij ngupJk; ghjpj;jJ. jkpou;fis Vkhw;wp
$l nghd;dk;gyk; jdJ 50f;F
,J jkpou;fSf;F vjpuhd tpl;lJ> Mz;l guk;giuia
50 Nfhupf;ifia kPs;guprpyid
rpq;fstu;fspd; murpayhfNt mbikg; guk;giu vd Mf;fp
nra;aj; jahuhf ,Uf;ftpy;;iy.
aho;g;ghzj;jtu;fshy; ghu;f;fg; tpl;lhu;fs; vd;W Gyk;Gk;
jdJ Nfhupf;ifia Vw;Wf;
gl;lJ. murpaiyj; je;j ngd;dk;
nfhs;tjd; mbg;gilapNyjhd;
ngupa nghd;dk;gyj;jhu;
,yq;ifapd; Rje;jpuj;Jf;F
7. ,e;jpahtpypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp Rje;jpu ,yq;ifapy; b.v];.
jkpou;fspd; xj;Jiog;G
nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fisAk; Nrdehaf;fhNthL ,ize;J
toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
jkpou;fspd; gFjpfspypUe;J Gj;jprhypj; jdkhf xU
vz;zj;jpy;jhd; jpU
rpq;fsg; gFjpfSf;F nry;Yk; mikr;ruhfp jdJ Ra
nghd;dk;gyk; ,Ue;jhu;.
nghUl;fisAk; gfp];fupf;Fk;gb eyd;fisf; fhg;ghw;wpf;
jkpou;fspd; xj;Jiog;G
rpq;fs kf;fs; kj;jpapy; nfhz;lhu;.
,y;yhtpl;lhy; gpupj;jhdpau;fs;
,af;fq;fs; Njhd;wpd. ,JNtjhd; ,g;NghJk;
,yq;iff;F Rje;jpuk;
elf;fpwJ. ,g;NghJ jkpou;fs;
toq;fkhl;lhu;fs; vd;w ngUk;
8. ,it ,e;jpa ,yq;if rpije;J rPuope;J rpjwp rpd;dh
ek;gpf;ifapNyNa mtu; kpje;J
cwTfis neUf;fbf;F gpd;dkhfp kpfTk; gyaPdkhd
nfhz;bUUe;jhu;. nfhOk;G
cs;shf;fpd. mjdhy; xU r%fkhf Mf;fg;gl;L
ika INuhg;gpau; gyUk;
,yq;ifj; jiytu;fisr; fplf;fpwJ. MdhYk; ,d;Wk;
nghd;dk;gyj;Jf;F cw;rhfk;
re;jpj;J jPu;T fhz [tù;yhy; jpU mUzhryk; njhlf;fp
nfhLj;jhu;fs;. yz;ldpYk;
NeUit kfhj;kh fhe;jp itj;J jpU nghd;dk;gyk;
gy Mq;fpNya murpay; thjpfs;
,yq;iff;F mDg;gp itj;jhu;. njhlu;e;J Kd;ndLj;j Nkhl;Lj;
nghd;dk;gyj;Jf;F Mjuthf
Mdhy; epiyikfs; NkYk; jdkhd murpaNy jkpou;fs;
,Ue;jhu;fs;. md;W jkpou;fs;
NkhrkiltjhfNt njhlu;e;jd. kj;jpapy; njhlu;fpwJ. ngUk;
kj;jpapy; kpf nry;thf;F kpf;f
kukhf ,Ue;J ,g;NghJ
jiytuhf nghd;dk;gyNk
9. jdpj;Jtkhd murpaiy Xu; cyf;ifapd; msTf;Fg;
,Ue;jhu;. ,yq;iff;F rk];b
Kd;ndLf;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; NghapUf;Fk; jkpou;fspd; murpay;
mikg;G $lhj xd;W vd;gNjhL
Vw;fdNt ,yq;ifapUe;j ,d;Dk; XupU gj;jhz;Lfspy;
mJ jkpou;fspd; eyd;fSf;F kpf
,e;jpau;fspd; gpuKfu;fs; cspg;gpbahf Mtjw;Ff; $l
NkhrkhdJ vd;w fUj;ijNa
Kidg;ghf nraw;gl;lf; Kbahj xd;whfp tpLk; vd;w
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nghd;dk;gyk;
nfhz;bUe;jdu;;. mtu;fs; 1939k; gupjhg epiyapNyNa ,Uf;fpwJ.
typAWj;jpdhu;.
Mz;L ,yq;if ,e;jpau;fs; ,Wjpapy; ghu;j;jhy; jkpou;fspd;
fhq;fpui] Ceylon Indian murpay; Rj;j Nkhlau;fspd;
filrpahf> Nrhy;gup Mizf;FO
Congress cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. nry;thf;Ff;Fk; Mjpf;fj;Jf;Fk;
nghd;dk;gyj;jpd; Nfhupf;ifia
mjid ,yq;iff;F mg;NghJ cl;gl;ljhfNt fle;j E}
fzf;fpYk; vLf;ftpy;iy.
tp[ak; Nkw; nfhz;l whz;Lfshf gazpj;Jf;
jkpou;fSf;Fk; rpq;f
NeUNt rk;gpujha G+u;tkhf nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gJ kpfj;
stu \;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;
njhlf;fp itj;jhu;. ,j;NjhL njspthfpwJ.
85
,aw;if mw;g[j';fisa[k; kqk';fisa[k;

v';fshy; g[upe;J bfhs;s Kotjpy;iy/
cs;s'; ftq
fs;spfs;
v';fs; thH;tpy; ,aw;if vj;jidnah
nrhjidfisj; je;J bfhz;oUg;gJ
nghy. vy;yh capqfSf;Fk; mit
jg;gpg; gpiHj;jy; vd;gJ rthyhfnt
,Uf;fpd;wd/
,e;jr; rthy;fisa[k; kPwp capqfs;

j';fs; NHYf;F ,irthf;fk; mile;J
thH;e;J. jf;fd gpiHj;jgona
,Uf;fpd;wd/ Tqg;gpd; mog;gilna
mJthfj; jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ/
jhtu';fspd; capq thGjYf;F ePq

Kf;fpakhdJ/ ePq fpilg;gJ mupjhfnt
cs;s ghiy epyg;gFjpfspy;. jg;gpg;
gpiHf;Fk; capqfs; fpilf;Fk; ePiu
ePz;l fhyk; nrkpf;ff; Toadthft[k;.
,Uf;Fk; ePq ePuhtpahfp tplhjgof;Fk;
,iyfs; mw;Wk;. Kl;fs; epiwe;Jk;.
rijg;gog;ghd jz;Lfshft[k; capq
thH;fpd;wd/ me;j vjpq NHypYk; mit
g{j;Jf; FY';fpf; fdpahfp. tpijfshfp
guk;gpf; bfhz;nl tUfpd;wd/
,aw;ifiag; nghy xU
Xtpanuh. rpw;gpnah fpilahJ/
,e;j ghiy epy tul;rpg; gFjpapy;
thH;fpd;w jhtu';fs; Tl. j';fs; NHy;
bfhLikahdJ vd;gjw;fhf j';fs;
mHif ,He;J tpLtjpy;iy/ mit
Tl. Vnjh tifapy; xU mHiff;
bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ me;j mHFf;Fk; xU
fzpj uPjpahd mikg;g[ Kiw cz;L/
Fibonacci sequence vdg;gLk;
g{r;rpaj;jpy; bjhl';fp xd;W vd;W. Kjy;
,U ,yf;f';fspd; Tl;Lj; bjhifahf
tUk; mLj;j ,yf;fk; vd;W. 0. 1. 1. 2.
3. 5. 8. 13 vdj; bjhlUk; Kiwg;go
jhd; ,aw;if jdJ tsqr;rpia
totikf;fpwJ/ g{f;fs;. ,jH;fs;.
,iyfs; vd tsqr;rp ,g;goahd fzpj
Kiwg;gona eilbgWfpwJ/ ej;ijapd;
cUtk;. Nupa fhe;jpapd; g{tpy; tpijfs;
mike;jpUf;Fk; mikg;g[ vy;yhk; ,e;j
fzpj Kiwg;gona cUthfpd;wd/
,aw;ifapd; mw;g[jk; mJ/
vd; cs;sk; ftqe;j
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buhwd;nuhtpd; ,tw;iw tsqf;Fk;
Mqtyqfs; tUlhe;jk; elj;jpg; guprpy;
tH';Fk; fz;fhl;rp xd;wpy; vd;dhy;.
Canon EF 100mm/f2.8 Macro lens ,dhy;
glk; gpof;fg;gl;lit/
n$hq$; ,/
86 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202386
87 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202387
88 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202388
gl';fs;- n$hq$; ,/
89 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202389
jkpH; ,yf;fpa
Gospel, according to
Mrhd;
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fhy';fspy; rpWtajpy; gy;fiyf;fHfk; Vnjh Yk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy/ me;j #g[jpa*
gj;jpupiffspy; tUk; btspapl;ljhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ g[j;jf';fis. me;j fy;Y}upapy;
FWf;bfGj;Jg; nghl;ofspy; mJjhd; ehd; Kjy; Kjyhtjhff; goj;jtUk;. ehd; gpwg;gjw;F xU
kpFe;j Mqtk; vdf;F ,Ue;jJ/ fz;l vd;irf;fpnshgPoah/ tUlk; Kd;djhf ,sk;tajpy;
rpupj;jpud; khj r";rpif. fiyf;fs";rpak; vd;why; ,we;J nghdtUk;. vdJ
jpdfud; gj;jpupif vd. vd;d vd;gij mg;ghitf; je;ijapd; filrpj; jk;gpa[khd
Mrpupauhf ,Ue;jtuhd vd;id nfl;Lj; jhd; bjupe;J vd; ,isiaah thrpj;jpUf;ff;
tsqj;j mg;gh th';fp te;jtw;wpy; bfhz;nld;/ TLk;/
,bjy;yhk; ,Uf;Fk;/ vtUnk ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk; KGtJnk gGj;Jg; nghd
ehd; goj;j Mz;fSk; me;j #E}yfj;jpy;* ,Ue;j E} fhfpj';fnshlhd E}y;fs; jhd;/
bgz;fSk; goj;j fytd; y;fis gad;gLj;jpajhf epidt[ jkpH; g[j;jf';fs; kUe;Jf;Fk;
ghlrhiy Kjypy; gj;jhk; ,y;iy/ ehd; xUtd; jhd; fpilahJ/
tFg;g[ tiuf;Fk; bfhz;oUe;jJ/ ghlrhiy Koe;J. mYty;fis mt;tg;nghJ a[bd!;nfh
kpft[k; mog;gil trjpfis Koj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;Fk; Tupaq jkpH; ,jH; tUk;/ ,ij
kl;Lk; bfhz;oUe;j me;jg; mjpgq filiag; g{l;l Kjy;. tpl ntW fpilahJ/
ghlrhiyapd; gFjpfs; kyry Tlk; ngha; g[wg;gLk; v';fs; M';fpy Mrpupauhf
KGtJnk jpwe;jjhf ,Ue;j tiuf;Fk; mtnuhL epd;W. njl ,Ue;j gpypg; kh!;lq kl;Lk; me;j
epiyapy; xnu xU miw kl;Lnk ntz;oa brhw;fisj; njof; E}yfk; xU fiyf;fs";rpak;
jiyik Mrpupaupd; miwahf bfhz;oUg;ngd;/ mg;gh vd;id vd;w epidg;gpy; ,Ue;jtq/
:Klg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ/ tpl;Lg; nghf. v';fs; tPl;ilf; bgUk; bgUkpjj;njhL me;j E}
mjw;Fs; ,Ue;j g{l;Lg; fle;J g!;!pw;F ele;J nghFk; y; njl;lj;ijg; gw;wpr; brhy;Yk;
nghl;Lg; g{l;oa bgUk; mjpgUf;F tHpj;Jizahf ehDk; mtq. thuj;jpy; xU Kiw v';fs;
mYkhupg; bgl;o xd;wpy; tPL te;J nrqntd;/ thrpg;g[g; gHf;fj;ij Cf;Ftpf;f
ahUnk gad;gLj;jhky; :Ko vd; fpWf;fy; vGj;jpy; v';fis miHj;Jr; bry;thq/
itf;fg;gl;oUe;j mfuhjpj; mtw;iw vGjp mDg;gpdhYk; v';fSf;Fk; vd;d? tFg;g[
bjhFjpia m';F fw;gpj;j mg;gh. xUnghJk; guprpy; fpilj;jjpy;iy/ elf;fhky; xU ghl neuj;ijf;
#bfl;of;fhud;* vd;gjhy; vd; Kj;jpiur; bryt[ mwpthsp fHpg;gjpy; vd;d Fiw? Vnjh
nky; md;g[ g{z;l mjpgq :Kykhf. xUtDf;fhd KjyPl;Lf; fzf;fpy; xU M';fpyg; g[j;jfj;ij vLj;J
me;jr; rpWtajpy; FWf;bfGj;Jr; nrqf;fg;gl;oUf;fyhk;/ tpupj;J itj;Jf; bfhz;L
brhw;fisj; njl bgw;W gpd;dq g!; gpoj;J gf;fj;jpy; ,Ug;gtndhL
je;jpUe;jhq/ gl;lzj;jpw;Fg; gof;fg; fpRfpRj;Jf; bfhz;oUg;nghk;/
me;jg; bgl;of;Fs; fz;l nghdnghJ. m';nf fy;Y}upapy; m';fpUe;j E}yfUk;
kw;wg; g[j;jfj; bjhFg;g[j; jhd; bgupa E}yfnk ,Ue;jJ/ Mdhy; Vnjh me;j g[j;jf';fis eh';fs;
fiyf;fs";rpak;/ bjhLtjw;fhd m';F vGgJfspy; gof;fg; vLj;jhy;. jpUg;gp mnj ,lj;jpy;
njit ,Uf;ftpy;iy/ nghd nghJ. ,uz;lhk; cyf itf;f khl;nlhk; vd;nwh. J}
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“
mijbay;yhk; goj;J cyfj;ijj; bjupe;J bfhs;s ntz;oa njit ,y;yhj mst[f;F
mwpt[ gilj;j ahH;;g;ghzpfs; vjw;fhf ,tw;iw th';fpdhqfs; vd;gJ vdf;F mg;nghJk;
kqkkhfnt ,Ue;jJ/
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th';f ntz;oapUe;jJ/

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“
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vd;irf;fpnshgPoahf;fisa[k; Jz;Lfshy; nghqj;jp J}rp glhky; itj;jpUe;jhqfs;/
mtUf;Fk; xU gl;lg; b&hypt{l; rpdpkh gw;wpj;jhd;/ fGtp fiyf;fs";rpak;

bgaq ,Ue;jJ/ brhy;yg; rpdpkh gw;wpa ,e;jj; jpz;izf; tpw;Wf; bfhz;oUe;jhqfs;/
nghtjpy;iy/ fdt[g; bghupkhj; njhz;oa[k;. jw;nghJ gy;fpg; bgUfpapUf;Fk;
m';nf fiyf;fs";rpa';fs; mjpy; Fwpg;gpl;oUe;j mbkupf;f Ma[l;fhg;g[Wjp. tPL tpw;gid
M';fpyj;jpy; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;/ gy;fiyf;fHf';fspy; ,Ue;j Kftqfs; vz;zpf;if mst[
giHa g[j;jf';fs; vd;gjhy; rpdpkhg; gpupt[fSf;Ff; fojk; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;. me;jf;
myl;of; bfhz;ljpy;iy/ vGjp. mtqfspd; ghlj; jpl;l';fs; fhyj;jpy; mr;rpl;L btspte;j
m';F ,Ue;j US News vy;yhk; tPL njo jghypy; vd;irf;fpnshgPoah ir!;
and World Report r";rpifapy; te;jpUe;jd/ ,jpy; !;gPy;ngqf; bjhiyngrp ,yf;f ml;ltizg;
fypnghqzpa gy;fiyf;fHf';fspy; goj;j bjd; fypnghqzpa g[j;jfj;jpy; cs;s jkpH;g;
rpdpkhf; fy;tp gapd;W te;j ,sk; gy;fiyf;fHfk;. gpuhd;rp!; bgaqfisg; ghqj;J tPl;Lf;F
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nghd;wtqfSk;. eofq gPl;lq ,uz;odJk; ghlj;jpl;l';fis ,tqfspy; gyq
\bghd;lh nghd;wtqfSk; thrpj;jgona vd; gfy; fdt[fs; vGgJfspy; ie$Pupah brd;W.
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gpd;dhy; b&hypt{l;oy; giHa fHf EiHt[j; njqtpy;; nfhl;il bgaqe;j #ie$Pupa :Kisrhypfs;*/
jiyKiw ,af;FdqfspdJk;. tpl;lhapw;W/ (Kd;ida jhafk; thrfqfs;
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njhd;wpa ,isa jiyKiwapd; te;jpUe;jJ/ ,d;Wk; "hgfk; ,Uf;Fk;/)
vGr;rp gw;wpa fl;Liu xd;iw vd;irf;fpnshgPoah vd;why; mijbay;yhk; goj;J
thrpj;J. mjd; gf;f';fisf; mqj;jk; vd;d? cyfj;ijj; bjupe;J bfhs;s
fpHpj;Jf; fgsPfuk; gz;zp. Hold my bicycle! ntz;oa njit ,y;yhj mst[f;F
gj;jpukhf igy; gz;zp gpd;dq fdlh mwpt[ gilj;j ahH;;g;ghzpfs;
v';fs; tPl;Lj; jpz;izapy; te;J nrqe;j gpd;dhy; vjw;fhf ,tw;iw th';fpdhqfs;
gLj;jpUe;jgona ,e;j vd;irf;fpnshgPoah g[Jtpjj;jpy; vd;gJ vdf;F mg;nghJk;
bghupkhj;njhz;o gy jlitfs; vdf;F mwpKfkhfpaJ/ jkpHqfs; kqkkhfnt ,Ue;jJ/
kWthrpg;g[r; bra;jpUf;fpnwd;/ gyq vd;irf;fpnshgPoah ,g;go th';fpa
xUehs; ahUk; vjpqghuhj gpupl;lhdpf;fh th';fj; bjhl';fp fiyf;fs";rpa';fis itf;f
xU ntisapy; ahnuh xU tpl;lhqfs;/ jkpHqfs; g[j;jf b=y;g[fisa[k;
g[z;zpathd; mbkupf;f fy;Y} ntbwhd;Wkpy;iy/ ntW th';f ntz;oapUe;jJ/
upf; fiyf;fs";rpaj;; bjhFjp mjd; bjhFjpfs; Mapuk; thrpf; f pwhqfnsh
xd;iw E}yfj;jpw;F jhdk; blhyqfSf;F nkw;gl;l tpiy ,y;iynah. jkpHqfs;
gz;zpapUe;jhq/ ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F vd;gjhy; mtw;iw khjhe;jj; jh';fs; th';fpa nrhgh
gpd; m';F nrqe;j g[Jg;g[j;jfj; jtizf; fl;lz mog;gilapy; brl;LfSf;Fk;. jpwP ,d; tz;
bjhFjp mJjhd;/ mJ jhd; ehd; tpw;gid bra;a[k; elkhLk; xypbgUf;fpr; rhjd';fSf;Fk;
thrpj;j Kjy; fiyf;fs";rpak;/ nry;!;bkd;fshf jkpHqfs; gyq bra;tijg; nghynt. ,e;j
mjpy; Kjypy; njoaJ khwp. jkpHqfSf;F :Kisiaf; vd; i rf; f pnshgPoahf; f isa[ k ;
91 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202391
“
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jkpHqfspd; vd;irf;fpnshgPoahf;fSk; mtqfs; vwpahky; itj;jpUf;Fk; giHa
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gj;jpukhf ghJfhj;J itf;fg;gl;ld/
“
mtw;iw :KoapUe;j me;j nghqitj; Jzpfs;. gpd;dq th';fpa 286. 386 fzdpfisa[k;.
,yj;jpudpay; gpahndh fPnghqLfisa[k; :Klg; gad;gl;ld/
Jz;Lfshy; nghqj;jp J}rp bfhz;lhqfs;/ mtqfs; thH;e;j bay;yhk; bgUk;ghYk;

glhky; itj;jpUe;jhqfs;/ fhyk; g[yp fhyk; vd;gjhy;. jdpkdpj Kaw;rpfshft[k;.
fzdp a[fk; te;J CD- me;jf; nfhl; nghl;l fdthd;fs; fpwp!;jt kj Mrpuk';fspy;
ROM gad;ghl;Lf;F te;j vy;yhk; njqjypy; nghl;oapLk; (monasteries) ,Ue;jtqfshy;
nghJ Kjd; Kjyhf Grolier's tha;g;g[fs; ,y;yhky;. Kjpqe;Jk; ifbaGj;jhy; gpujp bra;ag;gl;l
encyclopaedia fzdpapy; kiwe;Jk; nghdhqfs;/ itahft[nk ,Ue;jd/
thrpf;ff; Toa CD-ROM Mf Fiwe;jst[ gpujpfns ,Ue;J.
btspte;jJ/ gy g[j;jf';fisf; fiyf;fs";rpa';fspd; tuyhW tpiya[k; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jjhy;.
bfhz;l vd;irf;fpnshgPoah. Inuhg;ghtpy; bjhl';fpa ,it bry;te;jqfshnya[k;
btWk; FWk; jfL xd;Wf;Fs; xd;wpy;iy/ mwpit xnu ,lj;jpy; fy;tp epWtd';fshnya[nk
mlf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ/ ,J btWk; mwpe;J bfhs;tjw;fhf. bjhFj;J th';fg;gl;oUe;jd/
brhw;fis (Text) kl;Lnk tupirg;gLj;jp Mtzg;gLj;Jk; E} mr;rpae;jpuk; fz;L
bfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ/ y; bjhFg;g[ Kaw;rpfs; fpwp!;Jt[f;F gpof;fg;gl;l gpd;dq ,it
gpd;dq gl';fs;. Kw;gl;l fhy';fspnyna ,lk; rhjhuz kdpjqfSf;Fk;
tPonahf;fs;. xyp vd;gtw;iw bgw;wpUf;fpd;wd/ ,e;jpahtpy;. fpilf;ff;Toa tpiya[k;. epiya[k;
cs;slf;fp Crompton's Multimedia rPdhtpy;. fpnuf;f. nuhk te;jJ/
Encyclopedia btspte;jJ/ ehLfspy;. muhgpa ghurPf jw;nghija totpy;
,it ,uz;Lk; jw;nghJ njr';fspy; vd;bwy;yhk; btspte;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;
ghtidf;Fs;shfh tpl;lhYk; btt;ntW gz;ghLfspy; fiyf;fs";rpa';fspd; :Ky
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te;J. FWe;jfLfspy; gjpide;jhk; E}w;wh gpuhd;rpy; Muk;gpj;jJ/
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gpd;dhy;. jkpHqfspd; vd;irf; bgaq bgw;wpUe;j Mgpupf;fhtpd; te;j vd;irf;nshgPoah
fpnshgPoahf;fSk; mtqfs; khyp ehl;od; jpk;g[f;Fj;J gpupl;lhdpf;fh jhd; ,';nf
vwpahky; itj;jpUf;Fk; efupy; ,Ue;j gy;fiyf;fHf M';fpy fiyf;fs";rpa';fspd;
giHa Fspqfhy $f;fl;Lfs;. fhyj;jpy;. gy;ntW mwptpay; ejp:Kyk;/
ghtpj;j gLf;iffnshL. fhq tpla';fspd; bjhFg;ghd E} 1768 ,y; mr;Rtotj;jpy;
epue;jukhf btspna epWj;jg;gl;l y;fs; btspahfpapUe;jjhff; tuj; bjhl';fpa mJ. 2012 ,y;
fuh$;fSf;Fs; #gps;isas; gpwF Twg;gLfpwJ/ jdJ mr;Rg; gpujpfis epWj;Jk;
gog;gpdk;. ,y;yhl;o MUf;Fk; Inuhg;ghtpy; fpwp!;Jt[f;F tiuf;Fk; 244 tUl';fs;
FLf;fyhk;* vd;W gj;jpukhf Kw;gl;l Kjy; E}w;whz;oy; bjhlqr;rpahf btspte;jpUf;fpwJ/
ghJfhj;J itf;fg;gl;ld/ Marcus Varro vGjpa Nine Books 2010k; Mz;Lg; gjpg;g[j; jhd;
mtw;iw :KoapUe;j of Disciplines vd;w bjhFg;ig mjd; ,Wjpahd gjpg;g[/ xU
me;j nghqitj; Jzpfs;. :Ky totkhff; bfhz;L. fhyj;jpy; tPL tPlhf fjitj;
gpd;dq th';fpa 286. 386 fpwp!;Jt[f;F gpe;jpa Kjyhk; E} jl;o tpw;gjw;fhd xU khbgUk;
fzdpfisa[k;. ,yj;jpudpay; w;whz;oy; Pliny the Elder elkhLk; tpw;gidg; gpujpepjpfs;
gpahndh fPnghqLfisa[k; :Klg; bjhFj;j Naturalis Historia mzpia itj;jpUe;jJ/
gad;gl;ld/ Inuhg;ghtpy; btspte;J jw;nghJ KGikahf ,izaj;
mj;njhL jkpHqfspd; ,d;iwf;Fk; fpilf;ff; Toa jsj;jpnyna mJ btsptUfpwJ/
mwpit tsqf;f Kad;w elkhLk; fiyf;fs";rpakhFk;/ mjd; mjd; tptuz Mf;f';fs;
vd;irf;nshgPoah nry;!;kd;fs; bjhlqr;rpahf kj;jpa fhy';fspYk; Jiwrhq epg[zqfisf; bfhz;L
vy;yhk; Amway gpukpl; gy;ntW fiyf;fs";rpa';fs; vGjg;gl;lJ jhd; mjd; gykhf
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92 92
“
E}Wf;F nkw;gl;l KGneu
Editor fisa[k; ehd;fhapuj;Jf;F
nkw;gl;l contributor fisa[k; mJ rhjhuzkhdtqfs; jh';fs; xU tplak; gw;wpa
bfhz;oUe;jJ/ vy;yh tifahd mwpKfj;ijg; bgw tpisa[k; nghJ. fiyf;fs";;rpa';fs;
tpla';fs; gw;wpa[khd tpgu';fis mJ gw;wpa mwpKfj;ij jUfpd;wd/ ,J cz;ikahft[k;
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bjhFjp mJ/ Jiwrhq mwpt[ bfhz;ltqfisf; bfhz;nl mit
me;j fUj;ijg; vGjg;gLfpd;wd/
gpujpgz;zpna cyf bkhHpfspy;
etPd fiyf;fs";rpa';fs; tuj; ,Ue;jhYk; mjw;fhd murpay; jiyaPLfs; ,y;yhkYk;
bjhl';fpd/ fi y f; f s" ; r pak ; ,y;iy/
vd;gjw;fhf mJ fiynahnlh.
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cUthf;fpajhy;. gpbu";Rg; g[ul;rpf;fhd :Ky fhuz';fspy;
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xg;g[nehf;fy; tHpahf (Reference)
“
xd;whf KjyhtJ gpbu";R fiyf; fs";rpak;
fUjg;gLfpwJ/
Mf mJ mike;jpUe;jJ/ ve;j tpj

jdpkdpj mgpg;gpuha';fSf;Fk; bfhz;ltqfisf; bfhz;nl jil bra;ag;gl;l g[j;jf';fspd;
(opinions) ,lk; mspf;fhky; KGf;f mit vGjg;gLfpd;wd/ tupirapy; nrqj;Jk; ,Ue;jJ/
KGf;f jfty;fSk; jut[fSk; ,Ue;jhYk; mjw;fhd ,g;go bgUk; jilfSf;F
cz;ikfSk; (Information, murpay; jiyaPLfs; ,y;yhkYk; kj;jpapYk;. bghJkf;fSf;F
data and facts) jhd; mjpy; ,lk; ,y;iy/ mwpit cz;ikj; jd;iknahL
bgWfpd;wd/ ,Ue;jhYk; mwpt[ tsqr;rpf;F Cl;Lk; gzpiaj; jhd;
mjw;fhd g';fspg;g[r; bra;nthq tHptFj;jjd; :Kyk; rpe;jid fiyf;fs";rpa';fs; bra;J
Jiwrhqepg[zqfshf ,Ue;J vGr;rpia cUthf;fpajhy;. bfhz;oUe;jd/
mgpg;gpuha';fis btspaplhJ gpbu";Rg; g[ul;rpf;fhd :Ky
,Ue;jhYk;. mwpthqe;jtqfSf;nf fhuz';fspy; xd;whf KjyhtJ mr;rpy; tUfpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;
cupj;jhd. r:Kfk; mwpitg; bgw gpbu";R fiyf; fs";rpak; mLj;j gjpg;g[ tiuf;Fk;
ntz;Lk; vd;w nehf;fj;jpdhy;. fUjg;gLfpwJ/ g[jpa tpla';fisr; nrqf;f
mJ mtqfSf;fhd ek;gpf;iffs; KoahjpUg;gJ vd;gJld;.
jGtpa tHikahd ypguy; "No encyclopaedia perhaps has been fzdp a[fj;jpd; tUif
rhqg[j;jd;ik (liberal bias) of such political importance, or hasmr;RtHp gpuRu';fspd; kPjhd
bfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;/ occupied so conspicuous a place in Mqtk; Fiwe;J. o$pl;ly;
bgUk; fy;tpahsqfs;. the civil and literary history of its
Kiwapy; fzdpapYk; FWe;jl;L
Ma;thsqfspd; Ma;t[f;fl;Liufs; century. It sought not only to give totpy; te;jhYk;. FWe;jl;od;
vy;yhk; me;jj; JiwfSf;fhd information, but to guide opinion," bfhs;stpd; FWfpa vy;iy
gpuRu';fspy; btspahFk; jfty;fis tH';FtJld; fhuzkhft[k;. ,izaj;jpy;
nghJ. me;jj; Jiwapy; rf epd;W tplhJ. rpe;jidia clDf;Flndna khw;w';fisr;
tpw;gd;dqfspd; ghqitf;Fg; tHpelj;Jtjpy; mjw;fpUe;j bra;a Koayhk; vd;gjhYk;.
gpd;dhy; jhd; btsptUtJ g';if 1911y; btspte;j ,e;j fiyf;fs";rpa';fSk;
Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg;gl;l Kiwahf vd;irf;fpnshgPoah gpupl;
jtpqf;f Koahky; ,izaj;jpy;
,Uf;fpwJ/ (peer review) lhdpf;fh ,t;thW TwpapUe;jJ/ j';fs; gpurd;dj;ij epiyepWj;j
Ma;t[kl;l';fSf;F gpbu";R fiyf;fs";rpak; ntz;oa fl;lhaj;Jf;Fs;shfpd/
kl;Lnk g[upaf;Toajhd murpay; mjpfhuj;jpdJk;. vy;iyaw;w ,iza btspapy;
epiyapy; cs;s me;jf; fl;Liufs; jpUr;rigapdJk; Kot[fis fzdpapy; btWk; vGj;Jf;fs;.
nghyd;wp. rhjhuzkhdtqfs; Koe;j Kothf Vw;Wf;bfhs;shj gl';fs; kl;Lkd;wp.
jh';fs; xU tplak; gw;wpa rpe;jidia jdJ gjpt[fspy; xspg;gjpt[fs;. xypg;gjpt[fs; vd
mwpKfj;ijg; bgw tpisa[k; btspg;gLj;jpapUe;jjhy;. jpUr;mtw;wpy; nrqf;f Koa[k; vd;gJk;
nghJ. fiyf;fs";;rpa';fs; mJ rigiar; rkhspf;f murpay;xU trjpahf mike;jJ/
gw;wpa mwpKfj;ij jUfpd;wd/ mjpfhuk; fiyf;fs";rpaj;ijj;
,J cz;ikahft[k; jqf;fuPjpahf jil bra;Jk; ,Ue;jJ/ Vw;fdnt ,Ue;j kughqe;j
epahakhdjhft[k; ,Ug;gjw;fhf fj;njhypf;f jpUr;rig xU (Traditional) fiyf;fs";rpa';fs;
me;je;j Jiwrhq mwpt[ fhyj;jpy; fiyf;fs";rpaj;ijj; nghy. ,izaj;jpy; online
93 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202393
fiyf;fs";rpak; xd;iw epw;gJ/ Mdhy; cyfk; mg;go vtUnk vija[k; gjpt[ bra;ayhk;
cUthf;f Jimmy Wales Kaw;rpj;J ,a';Ftjpy;iy/ vd;gJ jhd; mjd; bgUk;
2000 g';Fdpapy; epa{gPoahit tpf;fpg;gPoah r:Kf eyid gytPdkhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ/
(Nupedia) cUthf;fpdhq/ ,J kdjpy; bfhz;L r:Kfkhf gy jlitfspy;
tHikahdit nghd;nw braw;gLnthupy; j';fpapUe;jhYk;. ntz;Lnkd;nw gjpt[
Jiwrhq mwp"qfisf; bfhz;L ,e;j r:Kf';fs; j';fis ahq bra;ag;gl;l bgha;fs;. ePz;l
vGjg;gl;L. kw;wtqfshy; rup Ml;rp bra;tJ vd;gijj; bjupt[ fhykhf ftdpf;fg;glhknyna
ghqf;fg;gl;L btspaplg;gl;lJ/ bra;a[k; nghnj brhjg;g[k;nghJ. ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd/ j';fisg;
MdhYk; 2001 ij khjk; tiu tpf;fpgPoah vd;d nftyj;jpy; gw;wpa ntz;lg;glhj jfty;fis
Rkhq ,UgJ jiyg;g[fspnyna ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij brhy;ypah mHpj;J g[jpa bgha;fisg; gjpt[
Fwpg;g[fs; vGjg;gl;ld/ bjupe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;? bra;tjw;fhfnt Ml;fis
,jd; tsqr;rp mg;ghtp kf;fis Vkhw;wp. itj;jpUe;jjhf mjhdp FLk;gk;
bkJthdjhf ,Ue;jjhy;. mjpfhuKk; yhgKk; bgwyhk; gw;wpf; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; rkPgj;jpy;
Jiwrhq epg[zqfshy; kl;Lk; vd;w epidg;nghL bghJbtspf;F te;jpUf;fpd;wd/
vGjg;glhky;. xU r:Kf tUk; mnahf;fpaqfSk;. gpof;fhj jfty;fis
Kaw;rpahf. vtUnk g';fspf;ff; :Kl ek;gpf;iffnshLk; mfw;WtJk; kw;wtqfs; mijf;
Toa tifapy; xU jpwe;j Vnjh fhuz';fSf;fhf fz;Lgpoj;J kPsg; gjpntw;WtJk;
,izatHp fiyf;fs";rpaj;ij FGf;fshfg; gpupe;J ngha;. xU nghl;oahfnt
cUthf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; 2001 jh';fs; nfl;f tpUk;g[k; eilbgWtjhy; mjw;F edit
ijapy; epa{gPoahtpd; xU bgha;fisr; brhy;nthiu ek;gp. warring vd;w brhy;ny g[jpjhf
m';fkhf bjhl';fg;gl;lJjhd; mtqfs; gpd;dhy; bry;Yk; cUthf;fg;gl;oUf;fpwJ/
tpf;fpg;gPoah/ MdhYk; kfh$d';fSkhfj; jhd; cyfk; ,e;jf; FsWgofshy;
epa{gPoahtpd; Mnyhrfqfs; ,a';fpf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ/ tpf;fpgPoah jw;nghJ rpy
Ml;nrgk; bjuptpj;jjhy;. ,e;j ,U FGf;fSf;Fk; gFjpfspy; khw;w';fisr;
tpf;fpg;gPoah jdpahd cz;ik vd;gJ xd;wpy; bra;tjw;F jLg;g[ Kiwfisa[k;
jskhf;fg;gl;lJ/ mtqfspd; gpiHg;gpy; kz;izg; mjw;fhf epqthfpfisa[k;
tpf;fpg;gPoah mog;gilapy; nghLtjhfnth. ek;gpf;iffisj; cUthf;fp itj;jpUf;fpwJ/ ,e;j
Jiwrhq epg[zqfs; jfqj;bjwpe;J mtqfis epqthfpfs; tpf;fpg;gPoaht[f;F
cz;ikj;jd;ikia cWjp bra;j Kl;lhs;fshf btspr;rk; mjpfstpy; gjpt[g; g';fspg;g[r;
gpd;dhy; gpuRupf;Fk; epiyia nghl;Lf; fhl;Ltjhfnth bra;jtqfspy; bjhz;lqfshf
khw;wp. $dehaf Kiwapy; vtUnk ,Ue;J tpLfpwJ/ ,jdhy;. ,e;j braw;gl tpUk;g[nthq
ve;j jftiya[k; clDf;Fld; ,U jug;gpdUk; cz;ikfis tpz;zg;gpj;J. tpf;fpg;gPoah
gjpntw;wk; bra;a[k; tifapy; vy;nyhUk; mwpe;J bfhs;tij gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwtqfshy;
mikf;fg;gl;oUf;fpwJ/ mj;njhL. tpUk;g[tjpy;iy/ bjupt[ bra;ag;gLfpwhqfs;/
xU jftypy; cz;ikj;jd;ik vdnt. $dehafj;jpy; Koe;jstpy; $dehafk;
,y;iy vd;why;. vtUnk mijj; ek;gpf;if itj;J KG cyFnk kPjhd ek;gpf;ifapYk;. r:Kf
jpUj;jp mikf;ff;Toa trjpa[k; r:Kf ePjpf;fhf r:Kf czqnthL nkk;ghL gw;wpa rpe;jid
,Uf;fpwJ/ ,a';Fk; vd;w vjpqghqg;g[ bfhz;ltqfs; mwj;njhL
$dehafk; vd;gJ mjd; vg;nghJnk bgha;j;Jj; jhd; braw;gLthqfs; vd;w
gpui$fspd; gFj;jwpita[k; tUfpwJ/ vjpqghqg;gpYk; ,e;j bjupt[fs;
neqikiaa[k; r:Kfg; ,g;go Rje;jpukhf vy;nyhUnk eilbgWfpd;wd/
“
bghWg;g[zqita[k; ntz;o g';fspf;ff;Toa tpf;fpg;gPoahtpy; mjDila bry;thf;F
mjpfupj;jjhy;. tpf;fpg;gPoah gpw
bkhHpfspYk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ/
tpf;fpg;gPoah r:Kf eyid kdjpy; bfhz;L mg;go jkpHpYk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ/
r:Kfkhf braw;gLnthupy; j';fpapUe;jhYk;. ,e;j mjw;F 31 epqthfpfSk; cs;sdq/
jw;nghJ jkpHpnyna
r:Kf';fs; j';fis ahq Ml;rp bra;tJ vd;gijj; ve;j tplak; gw;wpa[k; Xust[f;F
bjupt[ bra;a[k; nghnj brhjg;g[k;nghJ. mwpaf;Toajhd bgUk; jfty;
fs";rpakhf ,J ,Uf;fpwJ/
tpf;fpgPoah vd;d nftyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij
“
brhy;ypah bjupe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;? fiyf;fs";rpak; vd;gjw;fhf.
,jpy; brhy;tbjy;yhk; cz;ik
vd;gJ ,y;iy vd;gjw;F Kjy;
94 94
“
cjhuzk;. ehd; Mrpupauhf
,Ue;J btspapl;l jhafk;
gj;jpupif gw;wp VjhtJ ,Uf;Fkh
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fiyf;fs";rpak; vd;gjw;fhf. ,jpy; brhy;tbjy;yhk;
##jhafk; ,jH; fdlhtpy; cz;ik vd;gJ ,y;iy vd;gjw;F Kjy; cjhuzk;.
1990fspd; eLg;gFjpapy; ehd; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;J btspapl;l jhafk; gj;jpupif
btspte;j khjhe;j ,jH; MFk;/ gw;wp VjhtJ ,Uf;Fkh vd;W njondd;/
,jid g[jpa rdehaf kf;fs;
Kd;dzp mikg;g[ btspapl;lJ/ ##jhafk; ,jH; fdlhtpy; 1990fspd; eLg;gFjpapy;
jP#t*u murpay; fl;Liufs; ,jpy; btspte;j khjhe;j ,jH; MFk;/ ,jid g[jpa rdehaf
btspaplg;gl;ld/**
gw;wp
jkpH; tpf;fpgPoah jhafk;
ciuf;Fk; cz;ik
“
kf;fs; Kd;dzp mikg;g[ btspapl;lJ/ jP#t*u murpay;
fl;Liufs; ,jpy; btspaplg;gl;ld/**
,Jjhd;/ thu ,jGf;F khj ,jH;
vd;Wk; <gpogp ,ij btspapl;lJ gpukpf;f itf;fpd;wd/ mtupd; vd;irf;fpnshgPoaht[k; tpf;fpg;
vd;w g[ypfspd; gpurhuj;ij gjpt[ ghqit mjprakhd Tqik gPoaht[k; mwpt[j;njlYf;fhd
bra;J ,Jtiu nfl;lwpahj bfhz;lJ/ thqj;ijfns jd;id Muk;gg;g[s;spfs; kl;Lnk/ mo
g[jpa rdehaf kf;fs; Kd;dzp trPfupg;gjhf. rpe;jpf;f itg;gjhf. Ko bjupahj. MH mfyk; fhzhj
mikg;g[ btspapl;lJ vd;Dk; Ml;bfhs;Stjhfr; brhy;Yk; mwpt[f;fs";rpa';fs; ,y;iy/
mstpy; jhd; tpf;fpg;gPoahtpd; m/Kj;Jyp';fj;jpd; vGj;Jk; mwptpd; Muk;gKk;
cz;ikj;jd;ik ,Uf;fpwJ/ ek;ik mnj tpjkhd ghjpg;g[f;F Kot[khf mit ,Ug;gjpy;iy/
jhafk; gj;jpupifia cs;shf;FfpwJ/* MHkhd njliy mtw;wpypUe;J
fz;ouhj. ahnuh xU ,bjy;yhk; opinions Muk;gpf;fyhk;/
nfs;tpr;brtpad; mUspr; bra;jJ vdg;gLk; ahnuh xU Tfpspy; ,Ue;Jk;
,J/ ,Jnt cz;ikahft[k;. jdpkdpjUila mgpg;gpuhaf; Muk;gpf;fyhk;/ Mdhy;.
tuyhwhft[k; te;J Koe;jpUf;fpwJ/ fUj;Jf;fns md;wp. jut[fnsh tpf;fpgPoah nghd;W xU tplak;
,jw;Fs; vd;idg; cz;ikfnsh. Vd; xU gw;wpa gy tpla';fs; xnu
gw;wp VjhtJ ,Uf;Fkh vd;W bghJikg;gl;l fUj;njh ,y;iy/ ,lj;jpy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy /
njog;ghqj;jhy; vJt[k; ,y;iy/ m/Kj;Jyp';fk; Tl ,ij tpf;fpg;gPoahtpy; cs;s
,ijbay;yhk; bgha; vGjpapUf;fyhk;/ my;yJ mtuJ FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;. vijg;
vd;Wk;. kfh$d';fs; cz;ikia gf;jnfhofspy; xUtq my;yJ gw;wpa vdJ KjyhtJ njlYk;
mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;W mtuhy; mkqj;jg;gl;l xUtq tpf;fpg;gPoahtpy; Muk;gpf;Fk;/
vd;idg; gw;wp ehnd Rajk;gl;lk; vGjpapUf;fyhk;/ Mdhy; mJ xU nghJk;
mof;f ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyapYk; tpUJg;g[utyuhf kl;Lk; vdJ njlypd; Kothdjhf
ehd; ,y;iy/ tpf;fpg;gPoahtpd; ,y;yhjpUe;jhy;. m/Kj;Jyp';fk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy/ mijg; gw;wp Tfps;
m';fPfhuk; fpilf;ftpy;iyna ,d;iwf;F ,g;go vy;yhk; jkpH; njlYk;. gpd;dq buhwd;nuh E}
vd;W bghUkpf; FKWk; mstpYk; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; nkjFthf Ko yfj;jpy; cs;s mJ gw;wpa E}
ehd; ,y;iy/ vdnt. ,jpy; Nl;lg;gl;oUg;ghuh? y;fSkhfj; jhd; vdJ njly;fs;
cz;ikiag; gjpt[ bra;a thzPq xGf tlf;F tpuptilfpd;wd/
ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; vdf;F nehf;fpj; jtk; ,Uf;Fk; ,yf;fpar;
,y;iy/ brk;ky;fs; vy;yhk; mtuJ M';fpy tpf;fpg;gPoaht[f;Fk;
filf;fz; ghqitf;fhf jtk; jkpH; tpf;fpg;gPoaht[f;Fkhd
g[yd; bgaq ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ,Ug;ghqfsh? ntWghl;ilg; bj[upe;J
:Kj;j vGj;jhsq vdg;gLk; m/ ahH;g;ghz bkhHpapy; bfhs;s. cyfg; gpugy. fdoa
Kj;Jyp';fk; gw;wp tpf;fpg;gPoah brhy;tjhapd;. #eha[k; njlhJ>*/ vGj;jhsuhd Margaret Atwood
vd;d brhy;fpwJ vd;W gw;wpa tpf;fpg;gPoah gjpitg;
ghqj;jhy;/// jkpH; tpf;fpg;gPoah xU tuyhw;W ghqf;fyhk;/ mjpy; mtuJ
#etPd jkpH; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F Mtznkh. my;yJ cz;ikfs;. thH;f;if. mtuJ gilg;g[fs;.
<Hj;jkpH; je;jpUf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd jut[fspd; bjhFg;ghd mtuJ r:Kf khw;wr; braw;ghLfs;
bfhil vd;W m/Kj;Jyp';fk; fs";rpakhfnth Tl ,y;iy/ (activism) vd;W jut[fs;.
gilg;g[fisr; brhy;yyhk;//// ,g;go mgpg;gpuha';fis cz;ikfs;. jfty;fs; jhd;
ehk; mwpe;j cyf';fSf;F ehk; tuyhW Mf;Fk; mstpy; jhd; brhy;yg;gLfpd;wdnt xHpa.
mwpahj ghijfspy; mit jkpH; tpf;fpg;gPoahtpd; epiyik vGjpatqfspd; fUj;Jfnsh.
vk;ik ,l;Lr; bry;fpd;wd/ ,Uf;fpwJ/ jkpH; tpf;fpg;gPoah nghd;W
95 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202395
caqt[ etpw;rp mzpfnsh Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijj; jhd; ,';nf ,d';fSf;F ,ilapyhd

gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy/ typa[Wj;Jfpnwd;/ nkhjy;fs;. u=;ah kPjhd
v';fs; bjd;dhrpa fhyhfhy btWg;g[ vy;yhk;
M';fpy tpf;fpg;gPoahtpw;Fkhd murpaypy; ,bjy;yhk; jw;nghJ ,izaf; fUj;Jg; gupkhw;w';fspy;
jkpH; tpf;fpg;gPoahtpw;Fk; rhj;jpakh? v';fspd; rpe;jid nghd;w
ntWghLfis czqe;J CnuhL xj;njhlh FLkpg;gpor; rz;il jhd;/
bfhs;s. me;j r:Kf';fspd; tpl;lhy;. njrj; Jnuhfp. fUj;Jg; gupkhw;w';fis
ghuk;gupa';;fisj; bjupe;J ,dj;Jnuhfp vd;w Kj;jpiu ehfuPfkhf elj;jf; Toastpy;
bfhs;sntz;Lk;/ Fj;jYk;. mjw;fhf kdpjqfisg; nkw;Fyfk; ,Uf;fpwJ/ mJ v';fs;
nkw;fj;jpa $dehaf. gypaplyhk; vd;w epahag;gLj;jYk; gf;fj;jpy; Koa[kh?
gz;ghl;Lg; ghuk;gupak;. kj;jpa ,';nf ,Uf;fpd;wd/ vdf;F ,d;dKk;
fhy';fspy; kj';fspd; gpoapy; czqt[g{qtkhd bjd; Mr;rupakhd tplak;. gpughfud;
muRfs; ,Ue;j epiyik ngha;. dhrpa thH;f;if Kiwf;Fk;. gw;wpa tpf;fpg;gPoah gjptpy; mtupd;
kj';fSf;Fk; muRf;Fkhd g[j;jpg{qtkhd nkw;fj;jpa ,wg;g[ gjptplg;gl;oUg;gJ
ntWghLfis cWjp rpe;jidf;Fkhd ,e;j ntWghL jhd;/ Vd; ,d;dKk; v';fs;
bra;jpUf;fpwJ/ (Separation of jhd; ,d;iwf;Fk; mwpt[ ahH;g;ghzpfs;. #eP fz;ldpnah?*
church and state) tsqr;rpapYk; bghUshjhu vd;nwh. tpf;fpg;gPoahitg;
mJ brk;kwpr; uPjpapYk; v';fisg; gpd;j';f gfp=;fupg;nghk; vd;nwh
rpe;jidia epuhfupj;J. RahjPd itj;jpUf;fpd;wd/ bjhl';ftpy;iy vd;gJ kqkkhf
rpe;jidia tuntw;fpd;w xd;W/ nkw;fj;jpa murpaypy;. ,Uf;fpwJ/
bghJr;rpe;jidf;F vjpuhd ,';Fs;sJ nghy. xd;wpy; mtqfspd; cyfg;
nghf;Ffisj; Jnuhfk; vd;w murpay;thjpfs; brhj;Jf; ghqit jkpH;tpd;ndhLk;.
bgaupy; epuhfupg;gjpy;iy/ Ftpg;ngh. thupR murpanyh oa{g;jkpnHhLk; Koe;J
muRfs; bjhiyJ}u a[j;j';fis bra;a Koa[kh? thupRfs; Tl. tpLtjhyhf ,Uf;fyhk;/ my;yJ.
cUthf;fpdhYk;. mjw;F vjpuhd j';fs; jpwikfisf; fhl;oj; ,tqfspd; Kl;lhs;jdkhd
gfpu';f vjpqg;g[g; nghuhl;l';fis jhd; Kd;nd tu Koa[nk jtpu. fUj;Jf;fSf;F tpf;fpg;gPoah
bghJbtspapy; elj;jyhk;/ gpwg;ig Kd;itj;J mjpfhuj;jpw;F epqthfpfs; mire;J
muRf;Fk; bghJr;rpe;jidf;Fk; cupik nfhu KoahJ/ bfhLf;fhjjhf ,Uf;fyhk;/
vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fis Rje;jpukhf nkw;fpd; r:Kfk; rhqe;j Vd;. vd;idg; gw;wp
btspaplyhk;/ rpe;jid bghUshjhu. mwpt[ tpf;fpg;gPoahtpy; gjptpl;lhYk;.
bgUk;ghd;ik kf;fs; tsqr;rpapy; mij v';nfh bfhz;L rp';fs muRfs; Kjy; rpIV
Mjupf;Fk; vija[k; kpfr; ngha; tpl. v';fspd; rhjp. kjk; tiuf;Fk; gzk; th';fpj; jhd;
rpWghd;ikapdq Tl vjpqf;f rhqe;j rpe;jid v';fis xU gj;jpupif elj;jpajhf Xo te;J
Koa[k;/ FWfpa kdepiyf;Fs;nsna gjpt[ bra;af;Toa mwpthqe;j
nkw;fpd; ,e;j murpay; itj;jpUf;fpd;wd/ Tl;lk; jhd; ,';nf ,Uf;fpwJ/
Kiw jdf;fhd gytPd';fisf; ,t; t hwhdbjhU
bfhz;oUg;gija[k;. Clf'; ,iza btspapy; fUj;Jg; Tl;lj;ij itj;Jf; bfhz;L.
fspd; bghJg;g[j;jpfis jpir gupkhw;w';fis vLj;Jf; xU Rje;jpukhd fUj;Jg;
jpUg;g[k; braw;ghLfisa[k; ehd; bfhz;lhy;. fpHf;F Inuhg;gpa gupkhw;wj;ijr; bra;J tpl
,';nf kWf;fg; nghtjpy;iy/ rpe;jid Tl. nkw;F Inuhg;gpa Koa[kh?
Mdhy;. vjpqg;g[f;fhd Rje;jpu rpe;jidapy; ,Ue;J Kw;wpYk; ,J mwpt[ tsqr;rp epuk;ghj
“
btsp xd;W ,Ug;gjd; ntWgl;lJ/ a{nfh!;yhtpahtpy; rhjhuz Tl;lj;jpw;F kl;Lkhf
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljy;y/
,e;j ng!;g[f; tUtjw;F
czqt[g{qtkhd bjd;dhrpa thH;f;if Kiwf;Fk;. Kd;ghd fhyj;jpy; btWk; <bkapy;
g[j;jpg{qtkhd nkw;fj;jpa rpe;jidf;Fkhd ,e;j ntWghL Rw;Wf;fspnya[k; User groups
jhd; ,d;iwf;Fk; mwpt[ tsqr;rpapYk; bghUshjhu vdg;gLk; FGf;fspilnaa[k;
uPjpapYk; v';fisg; gpd;j';f itj;jpUf;fpd;wd/// fUj;Jg;gupkhw;wk; ele;j
fhyj;jpnyna g[ypfSf;F
nkw;fpd; r:Kfk; rhqe;j rpe;jid bghUshjhu. mwpt[ Kl;Lf;bfhLf;f xl;lhth.
tsqr;rpapy; mij v';nfh bfhz;L ngha; tpl. v';fspd; fhqy;l;d; gy;fiyf;fH';fspy;
“
rhjp. kjk; rhqe;j rpe;jid v';fis xU FWfpa
kdepiyf;Fs;nsna itj;jpUf;fpd;wd/
fw;Wf; bfhz;oUe;j khztq
Tl;lk; xd;wpUe;jija[k; mjpy;
,Ue;jtqfisa[k; mwpntd;/
96 96
“
,e;j eilKiwg; gpur;ridfSf;Fk; mg;ghy;. Mrhdpd; gpur;rid jdpegq gpur;rid
rhqe;jJ/ jd;Dila tp=;Qg[uk; ehtYf;F gf;fk; itf;f mDkjpf;ftpy;iy.
brankhfd; vd;W vGJfpwhqfs; vd;W
nfhkhspj;jdkhd thj';fisj; jhd; mtq Kd;itf;fpwhq/
mtUila thj';fs; fUj;jpay; uPjpahditnah.

fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk; rk;ge;jkhdnjh ,y;iy/
,yf;fpaj;jpd; magic wand mst[nfhy; jd;dplk; kl;Lnk ,Ug;gjhf ek;gpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;

mtUf;F. jd;idj; jtpqe;jtqfs; Kf;fpaj;Jk; bgWtij Vw;Wf; bfhs;s Koahjgof;F
Rankhfk; jiyf;nfwpapUf;fpwJ/ bkhj;j jkpH; ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa jd;Dila mstPnl
“
mWjpahdjhft[k; ,Wjpahdjhft[k; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;g[fpwhq/ mJ epue;juj;
jd;ik bgw ntz;Lk; vd;why;. jd;Dila KGikahd Mjpf;fj;jpy; xU tpf;fp
fs";rpak; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;g[fpwhq/
gpugykhd thl;lqY} jh';fns brhy;yp. rhqe;jJ/ jd;Dila tp=;Qg[uk;

gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpy; fw;gpj;Jf; jh';fns ek;gpf; bfhz;oUf;fpw ehtYf;F gf;fk; itf;f
bfhz;oUe;j tpupt[iuahsuhd bgha;fis tuyhW Mf;Fk; mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. brankhfd;
kPdd; tp=;Q vd;gtUk; Kaw;rpapy; jhd; ,tqfs; <Lgl;Lf; vd;W vGJfpwhqfs; vd;W
,e;j khztq Tl;lKk; bfhz;oUf;fpwhqfs;/ fhuzk;. nfhkhspj;jdkhd thj';fisj;
g[ypfSf;F vjpuhdtqfs; kPJ Kl;lhs;jdkhf Kl;lhs; jhd; mtq Kd;itf;fpwhq/
vt;thwhd mtJ}Wfisfisa[k; xUtid ek;gp Vkhe;J nghd mtUila thj';fs; fUj;jpay;
bgha;fisa[k; brhy;ypf; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; bfhs;Sk; uPjpahditnah. fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk;
bfhz;oUe;jjw;fhd Mjhu';fs; mstpy; ,tqfs; ,y;iy/ rk;ge;jkhdnjh ,y;iy/
,d;Wk; vd; fzdpapy; gjpthfnt jkpH;ehl;L epiyik Tl n$n$ rpy Fwpg;g[fspy; nr
,Uf;fpd;wd/ g[ypfspd; mHpnthL ek;gpf;if juf;Toajhf ,y;iy/ nr vd;W jhd; vGJntd; vd;W
,tqfspy; gyq fhzhknyna jkpH;ehl;oy; cs;s xup$pdy; mlk; gpof;Fk; ,yf;fpaq gw;wp
ngha; tpl;lhqfs;/ ghqg;gdpar; r';fpfis tpl. Ruhnt vGjpapUg;ghq/
MdhYk;. ,g;nghJ Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gl;l fUg;g[. ePy. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; magic wand
ng!;g[f;fpy; g[ypfSf;F rptg;g[ r';fpfs; mjpfk;/ mst[nfhy; jd;dplk; kl;Lnk
vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fisr; ehd; brhy;tJ. jkpHqfs; ,Ug;gjhf ek;gpf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;
brhy;nthq kPJ mtJ}Wfis vdg;gLnthq. xnu bkhHpiag; mtUf;F. jd;idj; jtpqe;jtqfs;
bra;fpwtqfs; btWk; Kl;lhs; ngRk; rhjpf; FGf;fs; kl;Lnk/ Kf;fpaj;Jk; bgWtij Vw;Wf;
g[yp thy;fs; kl;Lkpy;iy. mtqfSila gw;W rhjpf;F bfhs;s Koahjgof;F Rankhfk;
kpft[k; goj;Jg; gl;lk; bgw;w kl;Lkhdnj/ kjk; Tl mtqfis jiyf;nfwpapUf;fpwJ/ bkhj;j
gor;r ahH;g;ghzpfSk; xw;Wikg;gLj;Jtjpy;iy/ jkpH; ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa jd;Dila
jhd;/ ,d;iwf;Fk; g[ypfis gFj;jwpt[g; gfytd;fs; Tl mstPnl mWjpahdjhft[k;
epahag;gLj;Jk; ahH;g;ghzpr; vy;yhk; Rj;jpr; Rj;jpg; nghdhy;. ,Wjpahdjhft[k; ,Uf;f
rpe;jidf;Fs; ,Ue;J ,tqfs; Rarhjpg; bgUiknahL ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;g[fpwhq/ mJ
btspna tut[k; ,y;iy/ jkpH;j; njrpaf; Fl;ilapy; epue;juj; jd;ik bgw ntz;Lk;
g[ypfisg; gw;wp vij Cwpa rhjpkhd;fshfj; jhd; vd;why;. jd;Dila KGikahd
vGjpdhYk;. mjw;F jqf;f uPjpahd ,Uf;fpwhqfs;/ Mjpf;fj;jpy; xU tpf;fp fs";rpak;
kWg;g[r; brhy;y mwptpy;yhky;. ,e;j kdg;gh';nfhL ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;g[fpwhq/
Jnuhfpfs; kPJ gHp nghLk; ,e;j ,Uf;Fk; xU ,dj;jpy;
gor;r ahH;g;ghzpfis itj;Jf; tpf;fpg;gPoah nghd;wbjhU rup. tpf;fpg;gPoahit tpl. mtq
bfhz;L. cz;ikfisa[k; r:Kfj;jpd; g';fspg;ig ntz;o bts;nshl;lk; tpl;oUf;Fk; jkpH;
jut[fisa[k; jfty;fisa[k; epw;Fk; xU fUj;Jj; jsk;tpf;fpapy;. mtq Kj;Jyp';fk; gw;wpr;
Rje;jpukhfg; gupkhw rhj;jpakhFkh? brhy;ypapUg;gJ vd;dbtd;W
Koa[kh? KGneu ntiyahf ghqj;jhy;///
Kl;lhs;jdkhfg; gpd;D}l;lk; ,e;j eilKiwg; gpur;rid vGj;jhsq b$ankhfd; jkpH;
tpl;Lf; bfhz;oUf;fpw ,tqfs; fSf;Fk; mg;ghy;. Mrhdpd; tpf;fpapy; tpkqrfq b$ankhfdhf
tpLthqfsh? gpur;rid jdpegq gpur;rid mtjhuk; vLj;jpUf;fpwhq/
97 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202397
“
jkpH; tpf;fpapy; #,yf;fpa ,lk;*
vd;w xd;iw cUthf;fp. mijj;
jPqkhdpg;gtq jhdhfnt ,Uf;f Kj;Jyp';fk; gw;wpa jut[fSk; jfty;fSk; jtpqj;J. g[jpjhf
ntz;Lk; vd;gij cWjp bra;J cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpa ,lk; vd;gJ KGf;f KGf;f. Fwpg;gpl;l
vGj;jhsq gw;wpa MrhdJ mgpg;gpuhak; kl;Lnk Kothd
bfhs;fpwhq/
jPqkhdkhf KofpwJ/
"m.Kj;Jypq;fk; thrpg;gpd;gk; kD=;a g[j;jpuDf;F ,d;dKk; jkpH; tpf;fpapy; gf;fk; ,y;iy/
mspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; fijia ,g;nghJk; ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; gu!;gu g[spr;r njhir kht[
cUthf;Ftjpy; jdpf; ftdk; tPr;Rf;fs; ele;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ jhd; ,Jtiu vGjpaij
nfhs;Sk; vOj;jhsu;. jkpiog;
nghUj;jtiu mtu; fijnrhy;yypy;
fp.uh[ehuhazDf;Fk; Fiwj;Jr;
“
itj;Jf; bfhz;L. kD=;ag[j;jpud; gw;wp gjpt[ nghlg; nghdhy;.
#if gj;jpuk;* vd;w vr;rupf;ifa[k; tuf; TLk; vd;w gakhf
,Uf;fyhk;/
nrhy;yypy; mNrhfkpj;jpuDf;Fk;
njhlu;r;rp vd;W tpku;rfu; ,e;j tho;f;ifapy; ,y;iy vd;w
n[aNkhfd; nrhy;fpwhu;. fpilf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gij
gpuf;iQapy; ,Ue;J gpwf;Fk; fiy jhnd jPqkhdpf;Fk; Kuiz
[4] mtUila fijfspy; mtUilaJ. ,J tho;f;ifapd;
Gd;difAld; fijiar; vd;dbtd;gJ?
cf;fpuj;ijNah> rpf;fiyNah> rhU gw;wpa gf;fj;jpYk;
nrhy;Yk; xu; Mrpupau; ,Ue;J Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbahj Kbahj
nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. mf;fijnrhy;yp tp=;Qg[uk; tpUJk; rhU gw;wpa
Moj;ijNah nghUl;gLj;jhj Mrhdpd; ,Wjpahd jPqg;g[k;
,yf;fpa Nkw;Nfhs;fs;> kOq;fypd; tpisthd Gd;dif
Mu;t%l;Lk; jfty;fs;> cs;sd/ Kd;g[ rhUnthL Kl;o
my;y. khwhf mtu; fijAyfpy; nkhjpa nghJ jhnd vGjpaij
Guhzf;fijfs; Mfpatw;iw vg;NghJk; mbNahl;lkhf me;j
fye;Jnfhz;L fij nrhy;fpwhu;. m';nf gjpt[ bra;a[k; mst[f;F
mk;rq;fs; ,Ue;jgbNajhd; MrhDf;F mwk; ,Uf;Fk; vd
m.Kj;Jypq;fj;jpd; vOj;J epyk;> cs;sd. Kuz;ghLfs;>
gz;ghL rhu;e;j vy;iyfisf; ehd; vjpqghqf;ftpy;iy/
F&uq;fs; Mfpatw;why; Mrhd; jd; bgaq bgw;w
fle;J epw;Fk; xd;W. cyfshtpa Mdit mtuJ ngUk;ghyhd
ghu;itiaAk;> khDlg; gz;ghl;L rpWfij btspte;jjhf brhd;d
fijfs; vd;W$l $wyhk;. g[jpa ek;gpf;if ,jHpd; Mrpupaq
milahsj;ijAk; nfhz;lJ. ,J xU rkepiy> xU juprdk;"
Gyk;ngau;e;jtu;fs; Gjpa bghd;tp$ad; gw;wp tpf;fpapy;
vd;W n[aNkhfd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. VjhtJ te;jpUf;fpwjh vd;W
gz;ghLfSld; nfhs;Sk;
mZf;fKk; tpyf;fKk; mjd; ghqj;jhy;/// CTk;// (,e;j
Kj;Jyp';fk; gw;wpa jut[fSk; ,jHpy; bghd; tp$ad; gw;wp
rpf;fy;fSk; mtu; fijfspy; jfty;fSk; jtpqj;J. g[jpjhf
cs;sd. mij vspa vGjpapUf;fpnwhk;/)
cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpa ,lk; ,bjy;yhk; btWknd
Ntbf;ifahf Mf;Ftjpy;iy. vd;gJ KGf;f KGf;f. Fwpg;gpl;l
jPu;g;Gfis nrhy;tjpy;iy jd; tpf;fp xU work in progress vd;W
vGj;jhsq gw;wpa MrhdJ rhf;Fg; nghf;Fr; brhy;Yk;
gz;ghl;Lg;Gyk; gw;wpa ngUkpjKk; mgpg;gpuhak; kl;Lnk Kothd
mtuplk; ,y;iy. cyFjOtpa fhuz';fs; ,y;iy/
jPqkhdkhf KofpwJ/ ,g;go ,d;iwf;F ahnuh
ghu;itAld; epd;W fijfisr; kD=;a g[j;jpuDf;F
nrhy;fpwhu;. cyfj;jpd; ntt;NtW xU vGj;jhsq gw;wp #tpkqrfq
,d;dKk; gf;fk; jkpH; tpf;fpapy; b$ankhfd;* vGJk; fUj;J.
,d>nkhop> gz;ghl;Lg;gpd;Gyk; gf;fk; ,y;iy/ ,g;nghJk;
nfhz;l kf;fis xNutifahd mtUf;Fk; ,tUf;Fkhd khqf;fl;
,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; gu!;gu epytuj;jhy; ehis khWtjw;fhd
gupTlDk; mZf;fj;JlDk; g[spr;r njhir kht[ tPr;Rf;fs;
fhl;Lgit mtUila fijfs;. re;jqg;g';fs; mjpfk; jhnd/
ele;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ jhd; ,izak; vd;gjhYk;. g{l;Lf;fhd
etPd tho;f;ifapy; ,Ue;J ,Jtiu vGjpaij itj;Jf;
ngwg;gLk; Gjpa gbkq;fis rhtpiaj; jdJ ,Lg;gpnyna
bfhz;L. kD=;ag[j;jpud; gw;wp fl;of; bfhz;L ,Ug;gjhYk;.
m.Kj;Jypq;fj;jpd; fijfs; gjpt[ nghlg; nghdhy;. #if
ifahs;fpd;wd. cjhuzk;> milahsk;. RtL bjupahky;
gj;jpuk;* vd;w vr;rupf;ifa[k; tuf; khw;wpa[k; bfhs;syhk;/ ahuhtJ
JzpJitf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; TLk; vd;w gakhf ,Uf;fyhk;/
(G+khNjtp). tho;f;ifr; jpiug;gjpt[ bra;jpUe;jhy;. mij
jkpH; tpf;fpg;gPoahtpy; bgha; vd;W mtq mg;gl;lkhf
rpj;jpuq;fis ,g;gbkq;fs; topahf jdf;F gf;f';fs; ju kWf;fpwhqfs;
ftpj;Jtkhf cUkhw;Wfpwhu;. kWf;fyhk; vd;gijj; jhnd
vd;W Fw;wk; rhl;o jhnd g[jpa fle;j fhy #mU";brhy; Mf;fk;*
"Gd;difNa m.Kj;Jypq;fj;jpd; tpf;fpia cUthf;Ffpw Mrhd;.
,yf;fpaj;jpd; mbg;gil. xU mDgtk; brhy;ypj; jUfpwJ/
jdJ tp;f;fpapy; ahUf;F gf;fk; ,g;goahf vd;irf;fpnsh
Gd;diff;F mg;ghy; NghFk; VJk;
98 98
gPoaht[f;Fk; tpf;fpg;;gPoah fhl;of; bfhz;oUf;fpwhq/ jhd; Mrhd; ,e;j Kaw;rpapy;

t[f;Fkhd ntWghL ,tUf;Fj; mJ xU g[wkpUf;f. xU ,w';fpapUf;fpwhq/
bjupatpy;iy/ ftpijia vGjpdhnyna tpUJg;g[utyq ntW
cz ; i k fi s a[ k ; m';fPfhuk; fpilj;J tpl tHpfhl;o tpl;oUf;fpwhq/
jqf;fuPjpahd epaha';fisa[k; ntz;Lk; vd;W my;yy;gLk; tpUJf;F thzPq
kWj;J. ehd; brhy;tby;yhk; ,yf;fpafhuqfs; vy;yhk;. Cw;Wnthq. tpf;fpf;Fk; thzPq
cz;ik. cz;ikiaj; jtpu Mrhdpd; tpf;fpapy; jh';fs; ahiuj; Cw;wj; jhnd bra;thqfs;?
ntbwhd;Wkpy;iy. kw;wtqfs; jpUkzk; bra;jpUf;fpnwhk; vd;w ,t;thwhdjpy; bgUik
vy;yhk; brhy;tJ bgha; vd;fpw tuyhW bghd;bdGj;Jf;fshy; bfhs;Sk; ,yf;fpathjpfis
Rankhfk; bfhz;l mtq jdJ bghwpf;fg;gLk; nghJ bgUkpjk; jd;id nehf;fpj; jtk; ,Uf;f
fdt[yfj;jpy; r";rupj;jgona bfhs;shkyh ,Ug;ghqfs;? itg;gjpy;. MrhDf;F mg;go
,Uf;fpwhq/ ePz;l ehisf;F vd;d jil ,Ue;J tplg;
Jiwrhq epg[zqfis Kd;dhy;. g[yd; bgaq ,yf;fpa nghfpwJ?
itj;Jf; bfhz;L. xU epWtdk; MSik xUtq jd;idg; gw;wp tpUk;gpdhy; mjw;F
cz;ikfis cWjp bra;J. tpf;fpg;gPoahtpy; te;jpUf;fpwJ fl;lzKk; mwtpl;Lf;
juk; fz;L gpuRupg;gjw;Fk;. vd;W bgUika[ld; bfhs;syhk;/ ,izaj;jpy; btWk;
KGr;r:Kfj;jpd; r:Kfk; rhq gfpqe;jpUe;jhq/ mij mtnuh. jsk; itj;jpUf;Fk; byl;lqb&l;
rpe;jidia ek;gp. mJnt Mis itj;njh jhd; vGjpapUf;f gy;fiyf;fHf';fSf;nf lhf;lq
Mf;f';fis vGjt[k;. Koa[k;/ ,Ue;Jk;. jdf;fhd gl;l';fSf;fhf Mapuf;fzf;fpy;
mst[nfhy;fisa[k; cUthf;ft[k; m';fPfhukhfj; jhd; mij mtq bfhl;Lk; jkpHqfs;. Mrhdpd;
RahjPdkhd bewpKiwfis fUjp gfpqe;jpUe;jhq/ tpf;fpg;gPoahtpd; VLfspy;
cUthf;Fk; xU bghJ Kd;g[ xU fhyj;jpy;. bghd; bdGj;Jf;fshy;
mikg;gpw;Fkhd tpj;jpahrk; ,';nf bjhiyngrpr; nrit xnu bghwpf;fg;gLtjw;fhf ms;sp tPr
mtUf;Fg; g[upatpy;iy/ epWtdj;jpd; ifapy; ,Ue;jjhy;. khl;lhqfsh?
mbjy;yhk; mtUf;Fg; bjhiyngrp ghtidahsqfs; tpRtpd; mul;il
gpur;ridahf ,Uf;ft[kpy;iy/ vy;yhUila bgaUk; gl;oay; mu';fj;jpy;. ftp"qfshft[k;
mtUf;F motUofisa[k; nghl;L. joj;j ml;ltizg; rpe;jidahsqfshft[k; mwpKf
my;yf;iffisa[k; iff;Fs; g[j;jfk; xd;W tUlhe;jk; khFk; nghJ. fuk; Tg;gp gy;
itj;jpUg;gjw;F MSf;Ff; btsptUk;/ mjpy; te;j jdJ ,Hpj;j brk;ky;fs; vy;yhk;. ghly;
Fiwtpy;iy/ jd;Dila bgaiu ahH;g;ghzp xUtq bgw;w jy';fs; vd;gJ nghy.
fUj;Jf;fSf;F kWg;g[r; btl;o. jdJ bgaq mr;rpy; tpf;fpapy; gjpt[ bgw;w nguwp"qfs;
brhy;yhjtqfsha[k;. jd; te;jpUg;gjhf g[Gfp. CUf;F Mfhkyh tpLthqfs;?
gpd;dzpia kiwg;gjw;fhf mDg;gpapUe;jhq/
Kd;dhy; epWj;Jtjw;fhft[k;. jkpH; ,yf;fpar; NHypy; ghtk;. Mrhd;/ mtUf;F bjhHpy;
Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; te;jhy; bghwpj;J tpUJ vd;gJ xU kdneha; El;g mwpt[ fk;kp nghyj; jhd;
tplf; Toatqfshft[k; rpyiuj; epiyf;F te;j gpd;dhy;. ,e;jr; ,Uf;fpwJ/ tpf;fpg;gPoah vd;gJ
njqe;bjLj;J. mtqfspd; r:Kfj;jpd; kdepiyiar; rupahfg; vijg; gw;wpa[k; eP';fs; mwpe;J
“
epqthfj;jpy; elg;gjhf glk; g[upe;J itj;Jf; bfhz;L bfhs;tjw;fhdJ/
Mdhy;. Mrhd; ,d;W
fl;obaGg;g[k; tpf;fp vijg;
tpUJf;F thzPq Cw;Wnthq.
tpf;fpf;Fk; thzPq Cw;wj; jhnd bra;thqfs;?
gw;wpaJ? vy;yhk; gw;wpajh?
,y;iy/ btWknd.
,t;thwhdjpy; bgUik bfhs;Sk; ,yf;fpathjpfis jkpH; fiy. ,yf;fpak;
jd;id nehf;fpj; jtk; ,Uf;f itg;gjpy;. rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ/ mJ xU jkpH;
MrhDf;F mg;go vd;d jil ,Ue;J tplg; nghfpwJ? fiy. ,yf;fpak; kl;Lk; gw;wpa
vd;irf;fpnshgPoah jhd;/
tpUk;gpdhy; mjw;F fl;lzKk; mwtpl;Lf; bfhs;syhk;/ mtq njqe;bjLj;jpUf;Fk;
,izaj;jpy; btWk; jsk; itj;jpUf;Fk; epqthfpfs; me;j Jiwrhqe;jtqfs;
byl;lqb&l; gy;fiyf;fHf';fSf;nf lhf;lq gl;l';fSf;fhf jhd;/ epg[zqfsh vd;gJ gw;wp
Mapuf;fzf;fpy; bfhl;Lk; jkpHqfs;. vdf;Fj; bjupahJ/
“
Mrhdpd; tpf;fpg;gPoahtpd; VLfspy;
bghd;bdGj;Jf;fshy; bghwpf;fg;gLtjw;fhf
ms;sp tPr khl;lhqfsh?
vd;irf;fpnshgPoaht[f;Fk;
tpf;fpg;gPoaht[f;Fkhd
ahrKk;
tpj;jp
bjupatpy;iy.
tpf;fpg;gPoah vd;gjw;fhd
99 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 202399
tiutpyf;fzKk; bjupatpy;iy/
,tw;wpd; ve;j tiutpyf;
fz';fSf;Fk; cl;glhj ,J
,tUila #jkpH; ,yf;fpa gospel,
according to Mrhd;* kl;Lk;jhd;/
cz;ik jhd;/
“
jw;nghija jkpHqfs; r:Kfkhf Kl;lhs;fs; vd;gJ vd;dnth
Mdhy;. jkpH; bkhHpf;Fk; ,dj;jpw;Fkhd g[uhjd

ghuk;gupaj;ija[k; bjhd;ikiaa[k; kWf;Fk; kdepiya[k;.
,lJrhupaj;ija[k; jpuhtplj;ija[k; btWf;Fk; rpe;jida[k;
Mdhy;. vd;dhy; ,ij xU vd;d bra;a[k;?
btWk; ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpahfnth. gy jkpH;ehl;L ,yf;fpathjpfs; ,e;j ,uz;L tiff;Fs;Sk;
rqr;irahfnth fle;J nghf jhd; ,Uf;fpwhqfs;/ ,tqfs; gw;wpa Mrhdpd; tpf;fp kjpg;gPLfs;
Koatpy;iy/ caqthf ,Uf;Fkh?
ehd; Kd;g[ v';nfh btWk; jut[fshf ,y;yhky;.
Fwpg;gpl;l khjpup. conspiracy Mrhdpd; opinion fs; jhd; tuyhW MFk; vd;why;.
theory fis itj;Jf; bfhz;L. mtqfs; gw;wpa tpf;fp gjpt[fSf;F
kWg;g[ brhy;tjw;fhd tHp vd;d?
,Ykpdhl;o
cUl;Lfpwtd; ,y;iy/
cUl;Lfis
,Ue;jhYk; ,ijr; brhy;y

“
tHf;F vLf;f Koa[kh?
v';fisg; gw;wpa gjpt[fis ePf;F vd;W
nghuhl;lk; elj;j Koa[kh?
ntz;o ,Uf;fpwJ/
Mrhd; gfpu';fkhfnt btWk; jut[fshf ,y;yhky;. mtq. jkpH; gw;wpa[k; mjd;
,e;Jj;tj;ij Mjupf;Fk; Mrhdpd; opinion fs; jhd; bjhd;ik gw;wpa[k;. mJ gw;wpa
xUtq/ mij tpl. mjpjPtpu tuyhW MFk; vd;why;. mtqfs; vy;yhk; Fwpj;Jk; jd;Dila
gHikthjp/ ,lJrhupaj;ija[k; gw;wpa tpf;fp gjpt[fSf;F kWg;g[ fUj;Jj; jhd; ,WjpahdJk;
jpuhtpl rpe;jidiaa[k; btspg; brhy;tjw;fhd tHp vd;d? tHf;F KothdJkhf ,Uf;fntz;Lk;
gilahfnt btWf;Fk; xUtq/ vLf;f Koa[kh? v';fisg; gw;wpa vd;W epidf;fpwhq/
jkpHpy; ve;j ghuk;gupaKk;. gjpt[fis ePf;F vd;W nghuhl;lk; vd;Dila vGj;Jf;fs; m';fP
bgUika[k; ,y;iy vd;W thjk; elj;j Koa[kh? fhuj;Jf;fhfnth. tuyhw;wpy; ,lk;
bra;fpwtq/ jkpHpd; bjhd;ik gw;wpa bgw ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfnth
,k;Kiw VL ,l;nlhq bgha;fSk; jtpqg;g[fSk; xU nghJk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy/ ehd;
,aypy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ nghy. gjpt[fshft[k; nghJ. mjw;fhd brhd;d jPqf;fjuprd';fisf;
kjkhw;wj;jpw;F me;epa epjp vd;W vjpqtpid ve;j totj;jpy; nfl;fhky;. ehrkhfg; nghd ,dk;
Mjhu';fs; ,y;yhky; Fw;wk; ,Uf;Fk;? xd;W. ,d;Dk; cz;ikfis
rhl;Lfpwtq/ ,ijg; gw;wp ,g;nghnj mwpe;J bfhs;stpy;iy vd;w
,e;Jj;tk; &pe;jp tpHpj;bjGe;J. nkhjpf; nfhgj;Jld; jhd; ,d;iwf;Fk;
Mf;fpukpg;ig nehf;fkhff; bfhs;shtpl;lhy;. mJ jhd; vdJ vGj;Jf;fs; ,Ue;J
bfhz;lJ/ fPHo nghd;w Ma;t[fs; tuyhwhfp tpLk;/ tUfpd;wd/
jkpHpd; g[uhjdg; bgUikia mij tuyhW Mf;ff; Toa vdnt. vd;idg; gw;wpa
cyFf;Ff; fhl;lf; TLk; murpay; gyKk; bghUshjhu tuyhw;Wg; bgha;fs; Tl vd;id
vd;gjhy;. mijj; njhz;Ltjpy; gyKk; mtUf;F fpilg;gjw;fhd xd;Wk; bra;J tpLtjpy;iy/
,e;Jj;thf;fSf;F cld;ghL tHpfs; epiwa ,Uf;fpd;wd/ Mdhy;. j';fis m';fPfupf;f
,y;iy/ mtUila Muk;g epfH;t[ ntz;Lk; vd;W miyfpwtqfs;.
jw;nghija jkpHqfs; mbkupf;fhtpy; nfhyhfykhf cyfj;jpnyna ehfuPfk; mile;j
r:Kfkhf Kl;lhs;fs; vd;gJ eilbgWfpwJ/ Kf;fpa!;jqfs; xnu ,dk; vd;w jkpH;j;njrpa
vd;dnth cz;ik jhd;/ fye;J bfhs;fpwhqfs;/ rpe;jidapy; cs;stqfs;
Mdhy;. jkpH; mtqfSf;F vy;yhk; Vw;fdnt vy;yhUk; ,e;j Kaw;rpapd;
bkhHpf;Fk; ,dj;jpw;Fkhd ,Uf;Fk; tpf;fpg;gPoaht[ldhd gpd;dhy; cs;s nehf;f';fisg;
g[uhjd ghuk;gupaj;ija[k; ,tUila Kuz;L gpog;g[ gw;wp g[upe;J bfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjhy;
bjhd;ikiaa[k; kWf;Fk; vt;tst[ bjupe;jpUf;Fk;? tUk; Mgj;Jf;fis. bgha;fs;
kdepiya[k;. ,lJrhupaj;ija[k; ey;ytqfspd; bksdj;jpdhy; jhd; tuyhW Mfg; nghtij. ,d;dKk;
jpuhtplj;ija[k; btWf;Fk; mnahf;fpaqfspd; myg;giwfs; czqe;J bfhs;stpy;iy/
rpe;jida[k; vd;d bra;a[k;? tuyhW MfpapUf;fpwJ vd;gjhy; ,jdhy;. vdf;F ve;jg;
gy jkpH;ehl;L jhd; mgj;jk; bjhl';fg;gl;lJ/ gpur;rida[k; ghjpg;g[k; ,y;iy/
,yf;fpathjpfs; ,e;j ,uz;L jkpH; fiy. ,yf;fpak; Mdhy;. brhy;y ntz;oaJ vd;
tiff;Fs;Sk; jhd; ,Uf;fpwhqfs;/ gw;wpa jd;Dila fUj;Jj; flik/
,tqfs; gw;wpa Mrhdpd; tpf;fp jhd; last word Mf ,Uf;f You better be afraid.
kjpg;gPLfs; caqthf ,Uf;Fkh? ntz;Lk; vd;W epidf;Fk; Be really afraid!
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 100
kl;lf;fsg;g[j; jkpHfk;
vd;Dk; ehkk;-
tuyhw;W njly;fs;
vk;/Mu;/!;lhypd;
Facebook: M R Stalin Gnanam
jdpahd Ma;Tf;Fupa tplakhFk;. ,e;j gl;lhzpfSk; fyfq;fspy;

Kw;Ffu;fs; ,e;j jpkpyu;fspd; ,Ug;gplq;fs; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. jpkpyu;fs; kPJ
kPjhd Kw;Ffu;fspd; Mf;fpukpg;Gr; Kw;Ffu;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ,d;Ws;s rz;ilahdJ Mq;fhq;Nf jhf;Fjy;fspy; mtu;fSk;
jkpou;fspy; ngUghd;ikahf ePz;lfhykhf ,lk;ngw;W te;Js;sJ. gq;nfLj;Js;sdu;. ,Wjpahf G+u;t
,Ug;gtu;afs; Kw;Ffu;fNsahFk;. ,Wjpapy; mf;fhyq;fspy; tpahghu Fbfshd jpkpyu;fis kl;lf;fsg;gpd;
Ntshz;ik> tptrha epyq;fspd; epkpj;jk; ,e;jpah> Mg;fhdp];jhd;> tlf;Nf ,Uf;fpd;w ntUfyhw;Wf;F
nrhe;jf;fhuu;fshfTk; kl;lf;fsg;gpd;
JUf;fp Nghd;w gFjpfspypUe;J mg;ghy; tiu Juj;jpabg;gjpy;
r%f nghUshjhu gyk;
fpof;Ff; fiufSf;F te;J nrd;W Kw;Ffu;fs; ntw;wpfz;Ls;sdu;.
kpf;ftu;fshfTk; ,e;j Kw;Ffu;fNs nfhz;bUe;j gl;lhzpfspd; ,e;j Kw;Ffu;fis ,e;jpahtpd;
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; tuyhw;W (,d;iwa K];ypk;fspd; %jhijau;fs;) tlgFjpapy; ,Ue;jJ te;jtu;fnsd
uPjpahf ,tu;fs; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; G+u;tPf
jiyaPl;Lf;Fk; toptFj;Js;sJ. tP.rp.fe;ijah mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
FbfNsh Kw;FbfNsh my;y. ,q;Nf jpkpyu;fis tPo;j;jp mg;gbahdhy; mtu;fs; ,e;jpahtpd;
tho;e;jpUf;ff; $ba G+u;tPf Fbfspy;
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; epiynfhs;s tlf;NfAs;s ve;jg;gpuNjrj;ijr;
“
jpkpyu;fs; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu;fs;vj;jdpj;j Kw;Ffu;fSf;F cjtpahf Nru;e;jtu;fs;? Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fshFk;. ,e;j ,e;jpah vq;Fk; gue;Jtho;e;j
jpkpyu;fs; kPd;gpbia njhopyhf jpuhtplu;fspd; xUgpuptpduh? vd;fpd;w
nfhz;ltu;fshFk;. kl;lf;fsg;gpy; fhY}d;wpa khDltpay; Nehf;fpyhd Ma;Tfs;
,tu;fNshL Kl;b Nkhjp Kw;Ffu;fs; jpkpyu;fis ,d;Wtiu nra;ag;gltpy;iy.
mtu;fis gykpof;fr; nra;jgpd;dNu ntd;W jkJ ,Ug;Gfis ,t;thwhf kl;lf;fsg;gpy;
,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;Jte;j Kw;Ffu;fs; fhY}d;wpa Kw;Ffu;fs; jpkpyu;fis
,k;kz;zpy; fhY}d;wpAs;sdu;.
cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s
VJthf jkf;Fjtpa ntd;W jkJ ,Ug;Gfis
mjhtJ jpkpyu;fisj; Juj;jpabj;j cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s VJthf
gpd;dNu Kw;Ffu;fs; ,q;F FbNawp gl;lhzpau;fSf;Fk; rpy
jkf;Fjtpa gl;lhzpau;fSf;Fk;
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jj; njhlq;fpdu;. ,lq; fspy; ,Ug;gplq;fis rpy ,lq;fspy; ,Ug;gplq;fis
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; mikj;Jf;nfhLj;J mikj;Jf;nfhLj;J mq;fpUe;J
Mjpf;fk; kpFe;j xU r%ff; FOthf mq; fpUe;J fhty;Gupa fhty;Gupa Vw;ghL nra;jdu;.
Kw;Ftu;fs; gyk;ngw;wdu;. Vw;ghL nra;jdu;. mt;thwhf kl;lf;fsg;gpd;
,yq;ifapd; G+u;tPf Fbfspy; mt;thwhf kl;lf;fsg;gpd; tlf;Nf mike;Js;s gpuNjrq;fspy;
xd;whd ,af;fu;fSk; kPd;gpbj;jiyNa tlf;Nf mike;Js;s Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l fhtyuz;fspy;
njhopyhf nfhz;bUe;jdu; vd;gJTk; gpuNjrq;fspy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xd;Nw VwhT+u; vDkplkhFk;. ,e;j
,q;Nf Nehf;fw;ghyJ. vdNt ,e;j
,af;fu;fspd; xU gFjpapdNu
jpkpyu;fs; vd fhyg;Nghf;fpy;
“
fhtyuz;fspy; xd;Nw
VwhT+u; vDkplkhFk;.
Ciuj; jhz;b jpkpyu;fs; cs;Eioa
$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf VwhT+u; vd
ngauplg;gl;L miof;fg;glyhapw;W
milahsg;gl;bUe;jy; $Lk; vd;gJ
101 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
“
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,e;j
gl;lhzpau;fSf;Fk;
Kf;Ftu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa
jpUkz cwTfs; $l
,lk;ngwyhapw;W.
mjhtJ Kw;Ffu;fs;
jkJ rNfhjupfis
gl;lhzpfSf;F kzk;
Kbj;J nfhLj;J fhty;
gzpfspy; mtu;fis
<LgLj;jpdu;. ,e;j VwhT+Nu
fhj;jhd;Fbf;F mLj;jjhf
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; K];ypk;fs;
r%f nghUshjhu
fl;Lkhdj;jpy; gykhf
“
thOk; xU efukhf ,d;W
tsu;r;rpaile;J epw;fpd;wJ.
vd tpgupf;fpwJ kl;lf;fsg;G khd;kPf ,Ue;j G+u;tPf r%ff; FOtpduhd tug;gl;l Ntshsf;Fbfspd;

fy;ntl;Lghly;. jpkpyu;fspd; milahsq;fshf guk;giuapdUk; kpfr; rpwpa
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,e;j ,d;Wtiu fhzg;gLfpd;wd. njhifapduhf kl;lf;fsg;gpy;
gl;lhzpau;fSf;Fk; Kf;Ftu;fSf;Fk; ,t;thwhf kl;lf;fsg;gpy; FbNawp thoj;njhlq;fpdu;. ,e;j
,ilNa jpUkz cwTfs; $l Fbnfhz;L fhLfis mopj;J NtshsupilNaAk; ,j;jifa
,lk;ngwyhapw;W.mjhtJ Kw;Ffu;fs; Nridfs; nra;Jk; kidfis VO tiff; Fbg;ngau;fs;
jkJ rNfhjupfis gl;lhzpfSf;F Vw;gLj;jpAk; fpuhkq;fis cUthf;fpdu;. fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
kzk; Kbj;J nfhLj;J fhty; mj;NjhL ,e;jpahtpypUe;J NkYk; cjhuzkhf fTj;jd;Fb>
gzpfspy; mtu;fis <LgLj;jpdu;. gy FbfisAk; nfhz;Lte;J mj;jpahFb> tapj;jpFb> Nfhg;gpf;Fb>
,e;j VwhT+Nu fhj;jhd;Fbf;F kl;lf;fsg;gpNy FbNaw;wp rpW rpW rq;fug;gj;jhd; Fb> Nghj;jhd;
mLj;jjhf kl;lf;fsg;gpy; K];ypk;fs; rpw;wuRfSf;F mbNfhypl;ltu;fs; Fb> nrl;bf;Fb Nghd;wdthFk;.
r%f nghUshjhu fl;Lkhdj;jpy; ,e;j Kw;Ffu;fNsahFk;. FUf;fs; klk;> gOfhkk;> kz;û;>
gykhf thOk; xU efukhf ,d;W ,e;j Kw;Ffu;fspd; fSthQ;rpFb> jpUf;Nfhtpy;
tsu;r;rpaile;J epw;fpd;wJ. FbNaw;wq;fs; xt;nthd;wpYk; Nghd;w fpuhkq;fspy; ,e;j Ntshs
mNjNghd;W jpkpyiu ,Ue;J gy;fpg;ngUfpa guk;giuapdu; Fbfspd; r%fg;guk;gy; mjpfstpy;
Juj;jp nrd;W jpUk;gptUk;NghJ jq;fs; %jhijaupd; my;yJ fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
gy Kw;Ff FOf;fSk; re;jpj;Jf; mtu;fs; r%fj;jpy; nfhz;bUe;j mJkl;Lkd;wp ,e;j
nfhz;l ntsp re;jpntsp vdTk; milahsq;fspd; epidTfis gl;lhzpau;fs; kzKbj;J nfhz;l
jkJ rj;JUf;fshd jpkpyu;fis jhq;fpa Fbg;ngau;fshy; jk;ik Kw;Ffg; ngz;fspd; milahskhf
nfhd;w ,lk; rj;JUf;nfhz;lhd; milahsg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;ldu;. mj;jif ngz;fspd; ngau;fisAk;
vdTk; rz;ilapd; gpd; te;Njwpa mjhtJ tFj;Jthu; vd;wiof;fg; mbnahw;wp fhtg;gl;L tUk;
(Mwpa) ,lk; te;jhW%iy glf;$ba ,j;jifa Fbg;ngau;fs; Fbg;ngau;fs; kl;lf;fsg;G
vdTk; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; Kw;Ffu;fs; ,d;Wtiu xU r%f milahskhf K];ypk;fspilNaAk; fhzg;gl;L
epiynfhz;L tho;tjw;fhf elj;jpa kl;lf;fsg;gpy; Ngzg;gl;L te;jikAk; xU rpwg;gpay;ghFk;.
fyfq;fspd; tuyhw;Wj; jlaq;fs; tUfpd;wJ. mitahtd cyfpg;Nghb nghd;dhr;rpf;Fb> tupir ehr;rpf;Fb>
gy fpuhkq;fspd; ngau;fshf Fb> fhypq;fh Fb> gilahz;l G+khiyf;fl;bf; Fb> Kfhe;jpuk;
,d;Wk; fhzg;gLfpwd. mNjNghy Fb>ngj;jhz;lFb> gzpf;fdh ehr;rpf;Fb> crtPL Fb> kPuhnyg;ig
Gspae;jPit mz;ba kl;lf;fsg;G Fb>fr;rpyh Fb> ngj;jhz;l Fb> gz;izatPL Fb vd
thtpapd; Nkw;Ff; fiuNahukhff; gzpf;fdh Fb vd;gdthFk;. K];ypk;fspilNaAk; ,f;Fbngau;fs;
fhzg;gLk; jpkpyjPT> tiyapwT> mjd;gpd;duhd fhyq;fspy; VOtiffshf mike;Js;sd. vdpDk;
Nghd;w fiuNahu fpuhkq;fs; ,e;jpahtpypUe;J te;J ,yq;ifia mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy; K];ypk;fspilNa
Kw;Ffu;fspd; tUiff;F Kd;duhf Mf;fpukpj;j kd;du;fshy; nfhz;L ,f;FbKiwikfs; kiwe;JtUtJk;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 102
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. Fwpj;njhJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gjdhy;

,j;jifa Fbg;ngau; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L fpuhkq;fspy;
milahsq;fs; my;yJ njhlu;r;rpfs; jj;jkJ FbfSf;fhf xt;nthUtUk;
ngz;fspd; guk;giu topahfNt gzpfspy; <LgLtu;.
cWjp nra;ag;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,j;jifa Fbfs;
mjhtJ jhahdts; ClhfNt xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; mf;Fbfspy; cs;s
,e;j Fbg;ngau; ghuk;gupaq;fs; %j;j gpuirnahUtu; jiytuhf
flj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf ,Ug;gu;. mtu; fLf;fz;ltu;
xU FLk;gj;jpy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfspd; vd;wiof;fg;gLthu;. jj;jkJ
FbahdJ jhapDila Fbngau; FbapdupilNa ,lk;ngWk;
vd;gJ vJNth mJthfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,d;g> Jd;g epfo;Tfs; midj;Jk;
,t;tplj;jpy; je;ijapd; Fbngau; fLf;fz;ltUf;Nf Kjyhtjhf
fzf;fpy; vLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mwptpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk;
mNjNghy mf;Foe;ijfspy; epajpfs; ,d;Wk; gy fpuhkq;fspy;
ngz;Foe;ijfs; topahfNt mLj;j gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
guk;giuf;F ,f;Fbg; ngau;fs; Mdhy; rhjpfs; njhlu;e;J
flj;jg;gLfpd;wd. khwhf Mz; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;LtUtjw;Fk; rhjpa
thupRfs; Clhf 'Fb" njhlu;r;rpfs; xLf;FKiwfs; njhlu;tjw;Fk;
“
xUNghJk; Ngzg;gLtjpy;iy. me;j mbg;gilahd r%f xOq;F ghJfhg;ig toq;fptUk;
Mz; thupRfs; vq;F jpUkzk; mfkz Kiwikia ,f;Fb
nra;fpd;wdNuh mtu;fspd;
kidtpau;fs; nfhz;Ls;s xUtpjkhd rhjpa KiwikahdJ jilnra;fpd;wJ.
Kiwikf;F xj;jjhd mjhtJ xU 'Fb' vd;gJ xUjha;
Fbj;njhlu;r;rpNa mLj;j guk;giuf;F tapw;Wg;gps;isfs; vd;gjdhy;
flj;jg;gLk;. Mf kl;lf;fsg;G mjpfhu gbepiyfs;
,f;FbfSf;Fs;Sk; Fwpj;j xU MNzh ngz;Nzh
jkpofj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l jha;top jd; jha; topahf ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;
rKjha eilKiwfspy; vQ;rpAs;s Ngzg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
Fbg;ngaiuf;nfhz;Ls;s
tplaq;fspy; ,e;j 'Fb" KiwAk; ahnjhUtiuAk; vt;NtisapYk;
xd;whFk;. cjhuzkhf jpUkzk; Kbj;jy; $lhJ vd;gJ
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kl;lf;fsg;G jkpofj;jpd; fpuhkpa ,Uf;ff;$ba VOtif tpjpahFk;. mt;tifapy; rhjp Kiwik
gz;ghl;by; ,d;Wtiu kpf ,Wf;fkhf FbfSk; rhjpa fhg;ghw;wptUk; mfkz Kiwia
njhlug;gl;LtUfpd;wd vd;gJ mbg;gilapy; xNu epuhfupf;fpd;w xU Nghf;F ,e;j
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w;whz;Lfshfguk;giu guk;giuahf NtWghLfs; cz;L.
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Kw;Ffu;fspilNa ,Uf;ff;$ba mjdbg;gilapy; Nrfupg;GfSf;fhd mzpjpul;ly;fspYk;
VOtif FbfSk; rhjpa mbg;gilapy; xt;nthU FbfSf;Fk; ,e;j 'Fb" KiwikahdJ ,d;Wtiu
xNu rhjpapduhf ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk; jpUtpoh ehl;fs; ghupa nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jp tUfpd;wJ.
xt;nthU FbfSf;fpilapYk; Fwpj;njhJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd Fwpg;ghf cs;Suhl;rpj; Nju;jypy;
Vw;wj;jho;TfSldhd NtWghLfs;
cz;L. mjhtJ xUtpjj;jpy;
vd;gjdhy; Nghl;b fpuhkpa kl;lq;fspy; mjpYk;
rhjpfSf;Fs; rhjpfshf ,f;Fbngau; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L Fwpg;ghf gLthd;fiu gpuNjrj;jpYk;
fpuhkq;fspy; jj;jkJ gl;bUg;G njhFjp Nghd;w ,lq;fspy;
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103 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
kwf;fg;gl;ltqfis
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bjupe;J. kdk; epiwe;J kw;w ahuhtJ ey;Ys;s';fs; bfhs;gtqfis jpl;lkpl;L
gilg;ghspfis ghuhl;o. ,Ue;jhy;. mtqfisa[k; kiwg;gjpy; ek;k MSfs; gny
mtqfs; gw;wp kw;wtqfs; vdf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhy; fpy;yhofs;/
bjupe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk; kfpH;r;rpa[Wntd;/ mtqfis mjpYk; j';fsJ
vd;w bgUkdnjhL mtqfis eh';fs; bgUikg;gLj;jpna Mf tsqr;rpf;F fhuzkhdtqfs;.
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milahsk; fhl;l KotJ ftp"q ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;g[fpnwd;/ mspj;jtqfisna ,Ul;log;g[
,e;jpud; vdg;gLk; ,e;jpud; kw;wtqfshy; kiwf;fg;gl;l. bra;ayhk; vd;W epidg;gtqfis
uhn$e;jpuDk;. ehd; blhf;lq kwf;fg;gl;ltqfis btspf; ehd; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;J elj;jpa
vd;W md;nghL miHf;Fk; bfhzu ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; jhafj;jpy; vGjpatqfspnyna
nehay; enlrDk; jhd;/ mgj;jk; fhl;Lk; mf;fiwiaa[k; fz;oUf;fpnwd;/
kw;Wk;go. eh/tpr;tehjd;. Kidg;iga[k; mwpe;jpUg;gPqfs;/
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kwe;J nghfhjgof;F mof;fo Kjy; ghg;nyh beUlh vJnth. Vnjh xU tifapy;
epidt{l;of; bfhz;oUg;ghq/ tiuf;Fk;. &Ufp Kfhukp Kjy; v';fspy; mjpqtiyfis
nguhrpupaq m/,uhkrhkp kpn=y; \g{f;nfh tiuf;Fk; (Resonate) Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpwJ/
mt;tg;nghJ rpyiug; gw;wp vGjpf; jh';fs; thrpj;jpUf;fpnwhk; jw;nghJ ng!;g[f;fpy;
bfhs;thq/ vd;gjpy; bgUik bfhs;Sk; fz;l xU gjpt[ vd;id kpft[k;
,j;jidf;Fk; ,tqfs; gpugy';fs; gyUk; cs;:Sq ghjpj;j xd;whf ,Ue;jJ/ ehDk;
mwpag;gl;l tpkqrfqfSk; vGj;jhsqfis thrpj;jjhf mt;thwhd xU NH;epiyapy; vd;
,y;iy/ (m/,uhkrhkp jtpqe;J) brhy;tij ,Hpthfnt fUjpf; thH;f;ifiaj; bjhiyj;jtd;
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gLj;jhky;. ey;y gilg;ghspfs; bjupe;J. j';fs; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; tp$aDk; vd;w jiyg;gpy;
gue;J gl;l thrf tl;lj;jpw;Fs; cs;nshnuhL gu!;gu KJF fnz=d; FUehjd; (ng!;g[f;///
bry;y ntz;Lk; vd;W brhwpjy;. jkf;F fPnH ,Ug;nghq bka;awptd; bka;awptd;) jkpH;tp';
epidg;gtqfs;/ vd;W ek;g[fpwtqfisg; jsj;jpy; 2015,y; vGjpa fl;Liu
,tqfs; ehy;tUk; vdJ ghuhl;Ljy; jtpu. #vy;yhg; xd;iw ,e;jpud; uhn$e;jpud;
ng!;g[f; el;g[ tl;lj;jpw;Fs; g[fGk; vd; xUtDf;nf* gfpqe;jpUe;jhq/
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my;yJ mtqfspd; el;g[ m';fPfhuj;Jf;fhf V';fp miynthq vd;w ,jiH elj;jp. gy
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cwt[fSf;Fs;Sk; FWfpaJ bjupe;jhy; j';fs; gpiHg;gpy; FUehjd; vGjpapUf;fpwhq/
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 104
gpd;dq mij m/uhkrhkpa[k; Fwpg;g[ bfLj;Jf; bfhz;ltqfs; epidt[ tH';fpatqfs; epidt[Tug;gLk;

xd;nwhL gfpqe;jpUe;jpUf;fpwhq/ Tug;gl ntz;oatqfs;/ tpjj;jpy; xU bjhFg;g[ xd;iw
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bghd;/tp$ad; gw;wp ehd; Fwpg;g[ ,g;nghJ kWgpwtp vLj;J nguhrpupaq m/uhkrhkp mtqfs;
vJt[k; mwpe;jJkpy;iy/ mtuJ xU Rw;W te;jpUf;fpwJ/ ,J Kd;itj;jpUf;fpwhq/
r";rpifapy; vGjpa gpugy';fSk; ,g;gona kwe;J nghfg;gl;L
mtUld; bjhlqg[ld; tpLk;/ gpwF ,d;bdhU ehs; ntW mt;thwhd bjhFg;g[
,Ue;jtqfSk; mtiuf; vtUf;fhtJ mJ epidg;g[ tUk; xd;W cUthf;Fk; Kaw;rp
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gpiHg;ghft[k;. bgaq vz;zj;njhL ,';nf gjpthf;fp xj;JiHg;g[fis tH';Fnthk;
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105 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
Ie;E}W &gha; rk;ghjpg;gJk;> mk;gj;J}upy; Ntiyf;F Nru;e;j

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mtuplk; nea;Ntyp ez;gu;fs; Mdhy;> njhlu;e;J elj;jpdhu;. ahuhtJ Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwhu;fsh
rpyu; ,ize;J elj;jpa 'kPwy;' tpf;fpukhjpj;ad; Muk;gpj;j 'etPd vd ,izaj;jpy; Njbdhy;>
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je;jpUe;Njhk;. ,jd; epkpj;jkhf mr;rpl;l Qhgfk;. tpf;fpukhjpj;ad; vd; fz;zpy; gltpy;iy. kpf rpy
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Neu;e;Njd;. vJTk; nrhy;yNth> kl;Lkd;wp r%f murpay;
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Nfhu;j;jhu;. jkpopy; rpW gj;jpupif
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mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 106
elj;jp ,yf;fpa Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhfj; me;j ehl;fspy;> mjhtJ> njhz;Z}

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vd nrd;idf;F te;jjhf nghd; tp[adpd; kidtp Nfhzq;fpAk; mtUila
nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;. nrd;idf;F Kfk; Rspj;J ehd; ghu;j;jjpy;iy. ez;gu; v];. uhkfpU\;zDk;
te;J> tha;g;G Njb miye;J> mtu;fs; tPl;by; vd;d Njrhe;jpupfshf ,Ue;jjhf
cztfq;fspy; ru;tuhf ,Uf;fpwNjh mij vdf;Fk; Qhgfk;. ,jpy;> v];. uhkfpU\;zd;
Ntiy ghu;j;j mDgtq;fis czthf gfpu;e;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. kl;Lk; vOj;jpd; %yk; vg;gb
gfpu;e;jpUf;fpwhu;. Gjpa ek;gpf;ifapd; %yk; tho;f;ifia ntw;wpfukhf
ru;tuhf ,Ue;jijtpl> xU mtUf;F tUkhdk; vJTk; efu;j;JtJ vd;fpw fiyia
rpWgj;jpupifahsdhf ,Ug;gjhy; fpilj;jjhf njupatpy;iy. fw;Wj; Nju;e;jpUg;gij jw;NghJ
cz;lhfpw rpW kfpo;Nt> xt;nthU ,jOk; 100 gpujpfs; fhz KbfpwJ. Nfhzq;fp gw;wp
tWikahd ehl;fis flf;f tpw;wpUe;jhNy ngupa tp\ak; mjpfk; njupatpy;iy. vg;NghJk;
cjTtjhf nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;. jhd;. jd;dplk; Ntiy ghu;j;j Nghy> kh]; kPbahTf;Fk; jd;
mtiu re;jpj;j ehl;fspy;> uhk;[p ngz;fSf;F VNjDk; Ntiy ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; rk;ge;jk; ,y;iy
Rthkpehjd; vd;fpw ez;gu; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt vd;W ,Uf;fpwhNuh vd;dNth?
mt;tg;NghJ rpW mstpy; gz njhlu;e;J ,jio mr;rbj;jhNuh xUehs;> nghd;tp[ad;
cjtpfs; nra;jjhf Fwpg;gpl;l vd;Wk; ,g;NghJ Njhd;WfpwJ. jdf;F vOj;jhsu; ,e;jpuh
Qhgfk; tUfpwJ. ,yf;fpak; vd;gij> ghu;j;jrhujp tPl;by; nfhQ;rk;
mtUld;> Nfhlk;ghf;fk; jkpo; R+oypy;> thu ,Wjpapy; Ntiy ,Ug;gjhfTk;>
uhk; jpNal;lupy; gy Xl;lYf;Fg;Ngha; rhg;gpLfpw cld; thUq;fs; vd;whu;.
jpug;glq;fis ,uTf;fhl;rpf;F msTf;F kl;LNk itj;Jf;nfhs;s ,UtUk; nghd;tp[adpd;
nrd;W ghu;j;jpUf;fpNwd;. rpwpJ Ntz;Lk; vd;W vd;Ds; khw;wk; irf;fpspy; NghapUe;Njhk;.
Neuk; tWik R+oiy kwf;f mJ Vw;gl ehy;tUila tho;f;ifg; ,e;jpuh ghu;j;jrhujpapd; tPL
mtUf;F cjtp ,Uf;fpwJ vd ghu;f;f Neu;e;jJjhd; fhuzk; Nfhlk;ghf;fj;ij xl;ba
,g;NghJ Njhd;WfpwJ. nghd; vd;W fUJfpNwd;. xUtu; gpukps;> gFjpapy; ,Ue;jJ. Vupah ngau;
tp[aDf;F kJ gof;fNkh> kw;nwhUtu; tpf;fpukhjpj;ad;> jw;NghJ epidtpypy;iy. ,e;jpuh
rpfnul; gof;fNkh fpilahJ. ,d;ndhUtu; nghd;tp[ad;> ghu;j;jrhujpapd; tPL ngupaJ>
gzk; ,Ue;jhy;> VjhtnjhU gpwF NfhgpfpU\;zd;. ,e;j trjpahdjhf ,Ue;jJ. mtUila
Xl;lypy; ed;F rhg;gpyhk; thq;f ehy;tupd; nghUshjhu tho;f;if trjpahd tho;f;if KiwAk;>
vd $wp nry;thu;. epiyia XusT mwpe;jjd; nghd;tp[adpd; tho;f;if
nea;Ntypf;F te;jNghJ> tpisT> nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf KiwAk;> vij itj;jhYk;
107 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
vl;lhj khjpup Njhd;wpaJ. vtUila epidtpYk; jw;NghJ ,izajsk;> /Ng];Gf; vd

nghd; tp[ad; ,Uf;fhJ vd;W Njhd;WfpwJ. Vuhskhd ntspaPl;L jsq;fs;
vd;id rk;gpujhakhf mitfs; me;jsTf;F jw;NghJ cs;sJ. vtUk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;. mtu;fs; Kf;fpakhdit ,y;iy NghYk;. jd; Mf;fq;fis vspjpy;
,UtUk; rw;W Neuk; Mdhy;> mtuJ 'Gjpa ek;gpf;if' kw;wtu;fSld; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;s
Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. ,jo; gy vOj;jhsu;fSf;F KbAk;. Mdhy;> njhz;Z}
tpilngWk;NghJ> vg;gb fskhf tpsq;fpaJ. mtuJ Wfs; tiu ,e;j epiy ,y;iy.
te;jPu;fs; vd;W ,e;jpuh ,yf;fpa gq;fspg;G> xU fhj;jpukhd gilg;GfSf;F>
ghu;j;jrhujp Nfl;lhu;. jk;gp rpWgj;jpupifahsdhf kpfTk; khWgl;l Kaw;rpfSf;F
te;jhU> mtNuhl irf;fpspy;> Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. rpWgj;jpupiffs; kl;LNk
mg;gbNa te;Jtpl;Nld; vd; epidTfspypUe;J Mju;rkhf ,Ue;jd. ,ij me;j
vd;whu; nghd;tp[ad;. Kbe;jkl;bYk; ,ij fhyfl;lj;ij fle;j midj;J
jd;Dila irf;fpspy; te;jij vOjpapUf;fpNwd;. ,d;dKk; vOj;jhsu;fSk; mwpthu;fs;.
ntspg;gilahf nrhy;y Kbahj rpwg;ghf> nghd; tp[aDld; me;jtifapy;> nghd; tp[ad;
$r;rk; mtuplk; ,Ue;jJ. ntspNa gofpatu;fs; mtiug;gw;wp xU Fwpg;gplj;jFe;j ntspaPl;L
te;jJk; ,J gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;L gfpuyhk;. fsj;ij ,e;j ,yf;fpa cyfpw;F
tUe;jpdhu;. ,d;iwa epiyapy; mspj;jtu; vd;gJ> vg;NghJk;
nghd; tp[adpd; ,yf;fpa fsk; vd;gJ ntFthf epidtpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
ftpijfSk;> fijfSk; khwptpl;lJ. gpshf;Ffs;>
fiy ,yf;fpaj; jpwdwp
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,e;jg;gjpT 1980 fspy; te;j 'Gjpa ek;gpf;if"
ntz;oatu;fs; vd;w ,jopd; Mrpupau; nghd;.tp[aidf;
Fwpj;j epidTg;gjpT. vdJ epidtpYk;
mtu; ,Uf;fpwhu;. Gjpa ek;gpf;ifapy;
vOjpapUf;fpNwd;. jPk;jupfpl ,jioj;
njhlq;fpa QhepNahL ,Ue;j gof;fk; nghd;.
tp[aid milahsk; fhl;baJ. jPk;jupfpl
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njhlu;e;J tuhJ vd;w epiyapy; nghd;.
tp[adplk; nfhLj;jhu;. mjidg; Gjpa
ek;gpf;ifapy; ntspaplyhkh? vd;W vdJ
rk;kjj;Jld; ntspapl;lhu;. n[ae;jd;>
ftpjhruz;> MfpNahUld; ghu;itahsuhf
xU $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;l gpwF mtiu
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ehlftpay; fl;Liufis vOjr; nrhd;dhu;.
vOjpNdd;.
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cUthf;Fk; vz;zj;ij cUthf;FfpwJ.
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,yf;fpar; rpWgj;jpupiffspd; Mrpupau;fSk;
nray;ghl;lhsu;fSk; nrhe;j tho;f;ifiag;
ngupjhf epidf;fhjtu;fs;. jhq;fs;
Kd;ndLj;j fUj;J> nray;> fiytsu;r;rp>
jpwdha;Tg; gapw;rp> vOj;JKiwik>
nkhopf;fhd gq;fspg;G vdg; gy
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,JNghd;w fl;Liufs; vOjg;glNtz;Lk;.
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(ng!;g[f; gjptpy;) ,yf;fpatuyhw;wpd; gFjpfshf mikAk;.
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 108
vGj;jhsu;
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,Ue;j gjpt[)
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KUNfrd; vDk; ,aw;ngau; jdJ rpw;wpjOf;F kPz;Lk;
nfhz;l vOj;jhsu; mtuJ ,yf;fpag;ghLfSf;F
fpupah Cf;fpahfTk; mike;jJ. cap&l;bdhu;. ,g;NghJjhd;
nghd;tp[ad;> Njdp khtl;lk; mjw;F 'Gjpa ek;gpf;if" vd
my;ypefuj;jpy; kpf kpfr; rhjuz jdf;F kpfTk; gpupakhd ftpQu;
K.Nkj;jhtpd; ghjpg;ghy; ehkfuzk; R+l;b> rpw;wpjo; cyfpy;
tWikkpf;f FLk;gj;jpy; mjw;nfd xU jdpg;ngUk;
13.10.1954 ,y; tPUr;rhkp ,yf;fpak; fw;fj; Jtq;fpdhu;.
thrpg;gpid %yjdkhf;fp ,yf;fpa ,lj;jpid cUthf;fpdhu;.
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,izj;J 'ek;gpf;if" vDk; kdpjdhf ,U> ek;gpf;ifia
,ilawhj thrpg;gpd; topapYk; ,of;fhNj!" vDk; n`d;wp \
,yf;fpaj;jpd;ghy; nfhz;l ngaupy; xU rpw;wpjioj;
Jtq;fpdhu;. fhyq;fhykhf hupaupd; thrfj;jpid xt;nthU
gw;WjyhYk; jhapd; ngaiuAk; ,jopYk; Rke;J nfhz;L
jq;if tp[ayl;Rkpapd; ngauAk; rpw;wpjo;fSf;F vg;NghJk; NeUk;
tpgj;J ek;gpf;iff;Fk; Neu;e;jJ. gazpj;j 'Gjpa ek;gpf;if". mtu;
,izj;J nghd;tp[ad; vd jdJ ,Uf;Fk;tiu Rkhu; vz;gJ
ngaiu jhNd vOjpf;nfhz;lhu;. Mk;! Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;
epd;W NghdJ. ,jo;fs; tiu ntspte;jJ.
jdJ jfg;gdhiu ,stajpNyNa
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topNa rk;ghjpj;j ez;gu;fis
nghd;tp[ad; mtu;fspd; ez;gu;fsJ cjtpahy; rpwpa
,izj;J> 30 -11-1978 ,y; Njdp
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; fUtpfs;
my;ypefuj;jpy; e.NrJuhkd;>
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ju;rpdp. kfd; uhk; Fkhu; ,sk; Ntiyfis tPl;by; itj;J
,d;Dk; rpyNuhL ,ize;J
tajpNyNa fhykhfptpl;lhu;. mr; R f; N fhu; j J
; > mjid
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trpf;fpd;wdu;. N j d p
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gQ;rhiyj; njhopyhspahf>
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ghf;nfl;fis thq;fpitj;J
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gpiog;G Xl;batu; mr;rfj;jpy;
Nru;e;J mr;Rf;Nfhu;f;Fk;
Ntiyia Mu;tkhff;
109 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
rq;fj;jpd; ,g;gFjpf;fhd Kjy; ,g;gj;jpupifapy; ,d;iwf;F gpugykhf ,Uf;Fk; n[aNkhfd;

fpisia Jtf;Ffpwhu;fs;. Jtq;fp> nr.Nahfehjd;> ghtz;zd;> Rg;ughujpkzpad;>
md;iwa xd;Wgl;l kJiu gpusad;> n`r;.[p.uR+y;> Njdp rPUilahd;> k.fhKj;Jiu>
khtl;lj;jpd; khtl;l jiytu; my;ypcjad; vDk; gilg;ghspfsJ giltupir
ftpQu; Gj;J}uhd; - nrayhsuhf
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topfhl;Ljypy; nghd;tp[ad;> m];tNfhrpd; ehlfk; Fwpj;j njhlu; fl;Liu xd;W
fpisnrayhsuhfTk;> khtl;lr; ntspahdJ. jtpu> Nfhzq;fpAld; ,ize;J khu;f;ntrpd;
nraw;FOtpYk; mq;fk; tfpf;fpwhu;. E}w;whz;bd; jdpik E}Yf;fhd rpwg;gpjioAk;> jfop
nray;gl xU jsk; fpilj;jJk; rptrq;fud; gps;isapd; rpWfijfs; Fwpj;j xU rpwg;gpjOk;
mtuJ nray;ghL NkYk; ntspapl;bUf;fpwhu;.
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gjpide;Jehs; $l;lk; vd epidTfNs rpd;dq;fs;> FQ;Rtpd; fhyj;jpd; Fuy;
mjpubaha; tpupfpwJ. mUfpYs;s nrhd;dh Nff;f khl;Bq;f> ehlfk;> nghjpantw;gd;>
Cu;fspy; fpisfs; mikf;fTk; ahu;Fw;wthsp? Nghd;w r%f kh.tstd; njhFj;j
Kay;fpwhu;fs;. Nkil ehlfq;fis vOjp ,af;fp Nf.lhdpaypd; ,yq;ifapypUe;J
xt;nthU khjhe;juf; cs;shu;. mjd; topNa v];. Xu; ,yf;fpaf;Fuy; fl;Liuj;
$l;lq;fspYk; gilg;guq;fk; vy;.Rg;Guh[; Nghd;w ebfu;fs; njhFjp> Qhepapd; gioaNgg;gu;
epj;jpa NgRnghUshf ,lk; mikfpwhu;fs;. MdhYk; fl;Liufs;> rhe;jh jj;jpd; rpWfij
ngWk;. fpis cWg;gpdu;fis mtUf;fhd milahsk; 'Gjpa njhFg;G> gpUe;jhrhujpapd;
thrpg;Gg;gzpapy; <LgLj;jp ek;gpf;if"jhd;. ftpijj; njhFg;G> gpufh\pd;
mtu;fisg; ghjpj;j me;je;j njhFg;gpy; te;j NjDfhtpd;
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gilg;ghsu;fis cUthf;Fk; E}y;> tpf;fpukhjpj;adpd;
nr.Nahfehjd;> ghtz;zd;>
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kl;Lk;jhd;. ,it Nghf ,d;Dk;
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gy E}y;fisAk; gjpg;gpj;Js;shu;.
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me;jNeuj;jpy; vdf;F ed;whf vOjpAs;sdu;. m];tNfhrpd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa
Qhgfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. vy;NyhUk; ehlfk; Fwpj;j njhlu; fl;Liu cyfpy; md;iwa etPd
jq;fsJ gilg;Gfis xd;W ntspahdJ. jtpu> ,yf;fpa thjpfSldhd
jhspNyh Nehl;Lg;Gj;jfj;jpNyh Nfhzq;fpAld; ,ize;J njhlu;G ,tUf;F ngupa
vOjpf;nfhz;L te;J khu;f;ntrpd; E}w;whz;bd; kupahijapid je;jJ. m.khu;f;];>
thrpf;Fk;NghJ> nghd;tp[ad;> jdpik E}Yf;fhd rpwg;gpjioAk;> nghjpantw;gd;> ng.kzpaurd;>
jdJ xt;nthU gilg;gpidAk; jfop rptrq;fud; gps;isapd; jzpifr;nry;td;> ,tu;fNshL
epidTfspy; ,Ue;Nj rpWfijfs; Fwpj;j xU kl;Lky;yhJ jpiuf;fiyQu;fs;
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ftpijfisf;$l kdg;ghlk; NrfNuhLk; njhlu;gpy; ,Ue;jjhf
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ehdwpe;j tifapy; xU $l;lj;jpy; rhuj;jpw;F jdJ vOj;Jf;fis
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(nrhy;fpwhu;). mg;NghJ kpd;rhuk; ,ad;w vspa xj;Jiog;G" vd;w R+oy; cUthfpwJ. nrd;idapy;
jilg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; mtuJ gpufldj;Jld; ghnty; kw;Wk; Nfhlk;ghf;fk; njw;F rptd;
thrpg;G jilngwtpy;iy. rf;jp gjpg;gfq;fis cUthf;fp> gy Nfhtpy; re;jpy; xU rpd;dQ;rpW
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mtu; capNuhbUe;jhy; Gjpa ek;gpf;ifapd; Jiz Cupy; elj;jpaJ Nghy ntWk;
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mg;NghJ epju;rdh tho;e;JtUk; Ntisapy;>
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 110
ve;jnthU rkurj;jpw;Fk; epw;fhj Nfhu;j;jhu;. jkpopy; rpWgj;jpupif mtuJ tapw;Wg;ghl;bw;F

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nghUshjhuj;jpy; ntw;wpfhz jd; nrhe;j tho;f;ifiaf; VNjDk; xU muR NtiyNah>
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nfhz;bUe;jJ. Kf;fpakhd ,lKz;L." vd;W capu; tho;e;jpUg;ghu; ,yf;fpar;
Qhep jd;Dila irf;fps; rhjidfs; gyTk; epfo;e;jpUf;Fk;.
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tho;f;if elj;Jtnjd;gJ Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. Njhw;wKk; njwpg;ghd Ngr;Rk;
jdf;Fj;jhNd rtf;Fopiaj;
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khld;Nkhl;rk;. mJ ,UE}
mg;gbahf ehd; re;jpj;j tajpNyNa 1998 ,y; tapw;W
W gpujpfs; mr;rplg;gl;l
kdpju;fspy; xUtu; gpukps;> cghijapdhy; mtjpg;gl;L
Gjpaek;gpf;if ntspapl;l
kw;nwhUtu; tpf;fpukhjpj;ad;> gj;jpupf;if" vd n[aNkhfd; nrd;id ];lhd;yp nghJ
,d;ndhUtu; NfhgpfpU\;zd; jd; kUj;Jtkidapy; fhykhdhu;.
,izag; gf;fj;jpy;
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mtuJ ez;gu; fNz\d; FUehjd; Nghd;w gjpTfs; nghd;tp[adpd;
ftpijfSk; fijfSk;
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tUkhdk; vJTk; fpilj;jjhfj;
ftpijfSf;fhd ,jo; elj;jp fskhf tpsq; fpaJ. mtuJ
njupatpy;iy. xt;nthU ,jOk;>
te;jhu;. mjid mr;rbj;Jj;jUk; ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;G mJTk;
E}W gpujpfs; tpw;wpUe;jhNy
gzpapid nghd;tp[ad; xU rpW gj;jpupifahsdhf
ngupatprak;. jd;dplk;
Nkw; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. xU mtu; jdpj;J epd;wJ kpfTk;
mr;Rf;Nfhu;g;G Ntiyghu;j;j
fl;lj;jpy; tpf;fpukhjpad; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.>
ngz;fSf;F VNjDk; Ntiy
mg;gj;jpupifapid jd;dhy;
nfhLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt
njhluKbahJ vd tpl;Ltpl> nghd;tp[adpd; jdpj;j
njhlu;e;J ,jio mr;rbj;J
jdJ jdpj;j gj;jpupf;ifahd gilg;Gfs;
te;jhNuh vd;W ,g;NghJk;
Gjpaek;gpf;ifAld; Nru;j;J
Njhd;WfpwJ. (fNz\d;
mjidAk; nfhQ;rehs; G+kpf;fhf;iffs; (ftpijj;njhFjp)
FUehjd; 13-05-2020. jkpo;tpq;
nghd;tp[ad; elj;jpte;jhu; jtk; ( rpWfijj; njhFjp)
,iza ,jo;.)
vd fNz\d; FUehjd;
'vdJ Kjy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. rigf;F MwwpTr; re;ij (ehty;)
Gj;jfj;ij nghd;tp[ad;jhd; te;jit ,it ,tu; jdJ epidTfNs rpd;dq;fs; (ehlfk;)
Ntu;fs; gjpg;gfj;Jld; ,ize;J mr;Rf;Nfhu;f;Fk; gyifia
gjpg;gpj;jhu;. mtu; ,yf;fpak; kl;Lk; itj;Jf;nfhz;L xU Nkijapd; MSik (fl;Liu)
kl;Lkpd;wp r%f murpay; ,d;Dk; vj;jidNah Ntiyfs; mr;rpy; ,Ue;j gilg;Gfs;
ghu;itAld; ntspapl;l nra;jpUf;fyhk;. mitfs; mtuJ
Gjpaek;gpf;if ,jioAk;> gy ,d;Dk;gy ,yf;fpa ez;gu;fs; epj;jk; gy Nghjp kuq;fs;
Gj;jfq;fisAk; mtNu mr;Rf; topahf njupatUk;. (ftpijfs; )
Mde;jNtu;it (rpWfijfs;)
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nghjpantw;gd;> kh.tstd; njhFj;j Nf.lhdpaypd; tho;f;if vd;nwhU . . .(ehty;)
,yq;ifapypUe;J Xu; ,yf;fpaf;Fuy; fl;Liuj; njhFjp> nghd;tp[ad; njhFj;j E}y;fs;
Qhepapd; gioaNgg;gu; fl;Liufs;> rhe;jh jj;jpd; rpWfij
njhFg;G> gpUe;jhrhujpapd; ftpijj; njhFg;G> gpufh\ kz;izg;ghLk; khDlg;
pd; njhFg;gpy; te;j NjDfhtpd; tz;zq;fs; tbtq;fs; gwitfs; (gyuJ ftpijj;
njhFg;G)
vDk; jkpopd; Kjy; Xtpa tpku;rd E}y;> tpf;fpukhjpj;adpd;
ftpijj;njhFg;G vd E}y;fis nghd; tp[ad; ek;gpf;iff; fijfs; (mWtuJ
gjpg;gpj;Js;shu;. ,itfs; iff;Ff; fpilj;jit kl;Lk;jhd;. rpWfijj; njhFg;G)
,it Nghf ,d;Dk; gy E}y;fisAk; gjpg;gpj;Js;shu;.
111 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
ftpij mDg;gpa vy;yhiua[k;

Vnjh tifapy; bghyp=; gz;zp me;j Kw;Wg;g[s;sp Koe;J mLj;j
gpuRupj;jpUf;fpnwd;/ trdj;ij Muk;gpf;f ntz;Lk;/
mg;nghJ xU ,ilbtsp tpl;l
,g;nghija kpd;d";ry;. gpd;dhy; Muk;gpf;f ntz;Lk;/
3.0 cl;bgl;ofs; ,y;yhky;.
Read the fine print! fhfpjj;jpy; ngdhthy; vGjp.
jghypy; mDg;g[fpd;wtqfSf;F
mjw;F mLj;J. miuj; jupg;g[
vdg;gLk; comma ,Uf;fpwJ/
bra;j kupahij mJ/ mt;thwhd
vGJ';fs;> xU Mqtj;ij. juk; vd;w bgaupy; bjhlqe;J brhy;yg;gLk;
v';fs; nkjhtpj;jdj;ijf; fhl;o bgaqr;brhw;fs; nghd;wtw;wpd;
vGj;Jf;fs; kl;Lk; jhdhf epuhfupf;Fk; gHf;fk; vy;yhk; gpd;dhy; tUk;/
,Uf;f ntz;oa mtrpak; ,Ue;jjpy;iy/ mgj;jk;. mgr;rhuk;. mtJ}W
,y;iy/ c';fs; Mqt';fs; nghd;w g[yd; bgaq r";rpiffs;///
vJthf ,Ue;jhYk;. mJ xU mt;thW te;j Mqtj;jhy; vGj
fiytotkhf ,Ue;jhy; mijg; vGj vGj;Jk; if trg;gLk;/ ,jpy; miuj;jupg;g[ brhw;fspd;
gw;wpa tpgu';fs;. gl';fis mg;goj; jhd; gyiu jhafj;jpy; Kotpy; tUk;. mLj;j brhy;
v';fSf;F mDg;g[';fs;/ vGj itj;njhk;/ ,ilbtsp tpl;Lj; bjhl';Fk;/
Xtpak;. g[ifg;glk; kl;Lky;y/ gpugy';fis vGj itj;J. ,bjy;yhk; c';fSf;F :Kd;whk;
mtqfspd; epHypy; bgaq tFg;gpy; Or;rq mk;khf;fs;
gpd;dy;. ijay; ntiyapy; njLfpd;w tpj;ij ekf;Fupajy;y/ brhy;ypf; bfhLj;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;/
c';fs; iftz;zk; ,Ue;jhy;.
me;jf; fiytz;z';fisa[k; eh';fs; brhy;fpwJ nghy. #m';f mg;nghJ eP';fs; bry;nghid
me;jf; fiy gw;wpa tpgu';fisa[k; mDg;gpdh nghl khl;odk;* nehz;of; bfhz;oUe;jpUf;ff;
gpuRupg;gjpy; v';fSf;F vd;d vd;W epidj;jhy;. v';fSf;Fj; TLk;/
jil? jaf;fk; ,y;yhky; mDg;g[';fs;/ my;yJ bts;sp ghqj;jpUg;gPqfs;/
ehd; Tl xU fhyj;jpy;. eP';fs; ftpijfis mDg;gh ahUf;Fj; bjupa[k;?
kz;ghz;lf; fiy fw;wpUf;fpnwd;/ tpl;lhy;. vd; ftpijfis mLj;j gf;fk; ,Uf;Fk; vjpqg;
rpWghidfs;. bfhs;fy';fs; thrpf;f ntz;o neupLk; vd;gij ghyhq ahq kPjhtJ fz;
tide;jpUf;fpnwd;/ neuk; Kd;bdr;rupf;ifahff; Tw nghapUf;Fk;/
fpilj;jhy; mtw;wpd; gl';fSk; ntz;oaJ vd; flik/ ftdk; brYj;jpapUf;f khl;Oqfs;/
tUk;/
jh';f khl;Oqfs;> ,bjy;yhk; totikf;Fk;nghJ.
ku ntiy. rpul;ilfs; vdf;F tUk; jiyapofs;/ vd;
vd;bwy;yhk; vd; nr=;ilfs; eh';fs; mDg;gpg; nghlhjjhy; neuj;ij tpG';fpf; bfhs;fpd;wd/
mjpfk;/ mJ gw;wpbay;yhk; tUk;/ jhd; mgj;jj;ij btspapl ntz;o mgj;jk; jhkjkhf te;jhy;.
c';fSila iftz;zk; te;jJ/ eP';fs; mDg;gpaij mjw;fhd KGg; bghWg;g[k; eP';fs;
xU fiytotkhf ,Ue;jhy;. eh';fs; nghlhtpl;lhy;. jhd;/
bgUiknahL mDg;g[';fs;/ eP';fSk; #mgr;rhuk;* vd;W vdnt. vGJ';fs;/ ,g;go
xd;iwg; g[jpjhfj; bjhl';fyhk;/ ,yf;fz tpjpfisa[k; mwpe;J
Xtpa';fs;. g[ifg;gl';fs; Ml;nrgid fpilahJ/ bfhs;S';fs;/
vd;why;. rpy khjpupfis
mDg;g[';fs;/ njitg;gLk; nghJ. rup. Mf;f';fis gjpide;jhk; jpfjpf;F
kPjpia mDg;g[k;go nfl;nghk;/ vGjp mDg;g tpUk;g[fpwPqfs;/ Kd; mDg;g[';fs;/
tPl;Lj;njhl;lk; bra;tJ
Tl fiyjhd;/ rpy tpla';fis kdjpy; itj;Jf; mDg;g ntz;oa kpd;ndhiy
bfhs;S';fs;/ tpyhrk;
cyf bjhy;iyfspypUe;J [email protected].
tpyfp. kdij xUepiyg;gLj;jp. xt;bthU trdKk; Koa[k;
cUthf;FtJk; gilg;gJk; nghJ. Kw;Wg;g[s;sp xd;W ng!;g[f; bkr";rupy; mDg;g
jhnd fiy/ ,Uf;fpwJ/ mijf; Fj;j ntz;Lk;/ ntz;lhk;/
mij me;j trdj;jpy; filrp mJ cl;bgl;of; fhjy;
ng!;g[f;fpy; MshSf;F ftpij vGj;jpw;F mLj;jjhf Fj;j foj';fSf;fhdJ/
vGJfpwPqfs;/ v';fSf;F kl;Lk; ntz;Lk;/ filrp vGj;Jf;Fk;
mDg;g kWf;fpwPqfs;/ me;j Fw;Wg;g[s;spf;Fk; ,ilapy; gjpy; mDg;g[k;nghJ. c';fSf;F
,ilbtsp (space),Uf;ff; khwp mDg;gp my;yy;gl KoahJ/
gj;jpupif elj;jpa fhyj;jpy; TlhJ/
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 112
vGj;jhsu;
m/e/fe;jrhkp
Xu; mwpKfk;/
vOj;jhsu; m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; epidT ,J fhyj;jpd; fl;lhak; kl;Lky;y ,tu; msntl;biar; Nru;e;jtu;. xU
jpdk; ngg;Utup 14. mtu; kiwe;J 55 me;j kfj;jhd vOj;Jf; fiyQdpd; rNfhjuu; - etuj;jpdk;. rNfhjup
Mz;Lfs; Mfptpl;ld. ,j;jUzj;jpy; jd;dykw;w > ,yl;rpa Ntl;if kpf;f - ijay;ehafp. MWKfk; eluh[h
,yf;fpag; Gyik fhuzkhf mwpQu; ,yf;fpag;gzpf;F nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba gy nrhj;Jf;fspd; mjpgjpahf
m.e.fe;jrhkp vd;wiof;fg;gl;l ifk;khWkhFk;. ,Jtiuapy; mtuJ tpsq;fpatu;.
mtuJ fiy> ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;ig ,U gilg;Gfs; E}YUg; ngw;Ws;sd. m.e.fTf;F Ie;J
epidT $u;tJk; nghUj;jkhdNj. mJTk; mtuJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; tajhAs;sNghJ je;ij ,we;J
rpWfij> ftpij> ehlfk;> jkpofj;jpy; ntspte;j 'ntw;wpapd; tpl;lhu;. jhahUk; je;ij ,we;J 41Mk;
ehty;> ,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T> ,ufrpaq;fs;". mLj;jJ 'kjkhw;wk;" ehs; ,we;J tpl;lhu;. Foe;ijfs;
nkhopngau;g;G vd ,yq;if kw;Wk; kjkhw;wk; $lj; jdpg;gl;l xUtupd; %tiuAk; ePjpkd;wk; rl;luPjpahd
cyfj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gy;NtW epjpAjtpapd; %yk; vOj;jhsu; ghJfhtyu; xUtu; nghWg;gpy;
JiwfspYk; fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;ig $l;LwTg; gjpg;gfk; ntspapl;l tpl;lJ. cz;ikapy; nfhOk;gpypUe;j
ey;fpatu; m.e.f. mj;Jld; <oj;J E}y;. 'gjpTfs;.fhk;" gjpg;gpy; je;ij top cwtpdnuhUtu; %d;W
Kw;Nghf;fpyf;fpaj;jpd; Kd;Ndhbfspy; mNkrd; - fpz;by; kpd;D}y;fshf Foe;ijfisAk; jd; ghJfhg;gpy;
Kf;fpakhd xUtuhfTk; fUjg;gLgtu;. kdf;fz; (ehty;) > vjpu;fhyr;rpj;jd; vLj;Jr; nrd;wjhfTk;> m.e.f.tpd;
jd; FWfpa tho;tpy; jdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; ghly; (ftpijj;njhFg;G)> ehd; Vd; ghl;b ePjpkd;w cjtpapd; %yk;
vOj;jhsu; guk;giuiaNa cUthf;fpr; vOJfpNwd;? (fl;Liuj; njhFg;G) jd;trk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfTk;
nrd;wtu;. mj;Jld; r%f> murpaw; Mfpa gilg;Gfs; ntspte;Js;sd. mwpag;gLfpwJ.] nrhj;Jfs;
nraw;ghl;lhsuhfTk; tpsq;fpatu;. Kiwahfg; guhkupf;fg;gltpy;iynadj;
ehw;gJfspy; tpy;Y}d;wp kahd rhjpg; Muk;g tho;f;if gw;wpa jfty;fs; njupa tUfpwJ.
gLnfhiy gw;wp Kjw;jlitahfj; jd; Muk;gf; fy;tpia aho;
Jzpr;rYld; Fuy; nfhLj;j ftpQu; aho; tz;zhu;gz;izapy; 8-8- ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upapy; fw;w m.e.f.
m.e.fe;jrhkpNa. 1924 gpwe;j m.e.f. 44 Mz;Lfs; rpwpJfhyk; msntl;b nrd;W
jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;Jf;Ff; tho;e;jpUe;jhu;. ngg;Utup 14> 1968 cwtpdu; rpyUld; tho;e;J te;jhu;.
fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;ig ey;fpa md;W kiwe;jhu;. m.e.f.tpd; tho;ehs; msntl;bapypUe;j fhyj;jpy; m.e.f.
m.e.f.it tpupthf ,dk; fhz;gJ ghujpapd; tho;ehisg; Nghyf; FWfpaJ. jdJ fy;tpapidj; njy;ypg;gis
Kf;fpak;. mtuJ gd;Kfg; ghujp 39 tUlq;fNs tho;e;jpUe;jhu;. kfh[dhf; fy;Y}upapy; njhlu;e;jhu;.
ghu;itfisAk; ntspf;nfhzUk; m.e.ftpd; je;ijahuhd eluh[h aho; gpd;du; kPz;Lk; aho; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}
tiuapy; mtuJ gilg;Gfs; tz;zhu;gz;iziar; Nru;e;jtu;. upapy; v];.v];.vy;.rp fy;tp fw;W gpd;du;
KOikahf Nrfupf;fg;gl;Lj; aho; rpiwr;rhiy kUj;Jtuhfg; gzp nfhOk;G nrd;whu;. m.e.f. gjpdhY
njhFg;Gfshf ntsptUtJk; mtrpak;. Gupe;jtu;. jhahu; ngau;: nfsupak;kh. tajpypUe;Nj vOjj; njhlq;fp
tpl;lhu;. <oNfrup rpWtu; gFjpapy;
t/e/fpupjud; vOj Muk;gpj;jhu;. mr;rkak; <oNfrup

elj;jpa Ngr;R> fij> fl;Liug;
Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wpAs;shu;.
113 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
fijg;Nghl;bapy; Kjw;gupRk; rlq;F Kiwahd rk;gpujhaq;fs; vy;yhk;

ngw;Ws;sjhf mwpfpd;Nwhk;. J}f;fpnawpe;J> Jzpe;J>GJNtf
Nehf;Fk;> elg;Gk;> EZfpg; nghUs; Ma;e;J
,s tajpNyNa m.e.f tPl;il ghu;j;Jr; 'rup ,e;jg; ghu; cau" vd;Wzu;e;j
tpl;L ntspNawp nfhOk;G nrd;W Neu;j;jpf; fUj;ij> epd;W new;wpf;F Neuhf
jd; tho;it mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. Xq;fp vwpe;J mbj;Nj ciwg;ghfr; nrhy;jpwDk;
nfhOk;gpy; ,t;tpjk; ,tu; tho;f;ifia Mq;fhuk; ,d;wp cz;ik mwpT newpkhztdha;
Muk;gpj;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,tuJ ve;jf; fzKk; ,Uf;fpd;w jd;dpiwTk;
neUq;fpa ez;gu;fspnyhUtuhf epe;ij fythky; Neu;ikAld; fz;bg;Gr;
nra;fpd;w NghJk; jpfo;fpd;w fz;zpaKk;
tpsq;fpatu; vOj;jhsu; rpy;iyA+u; itfpd;w Ngu;fisAk; thrhyfkhf
nry;tuhrd;. mtu; jdJ 'fe;jDld; thjhb eh klq;f itf;fpd;w ty;yikAk;
cs;sk; fye;j Ritf; fzq;fs;" jPjhbr; r%fj;jpy; jpupAk; gpw;Nghf;Ffisf;
vd;Dk; 6-2-1986 ntspahd tPuNfrupf; fz;lhy;> csk; capu; nka;f; fuzq;fs;
ftpijapy; ,jid tpupthfg; gjpT mj;jidAk;
tpz;L Mbg;NghdJ Nghy; nte;J nte;J
nra;Js;shu;. ,t;tpjkhdnjhU NghuhLk;
R+oypy; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mtu; cz;ik csf;fyg;Gk; xUq;Nf jpuz;l
epiwa E}y;fisf; fw;W> ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ngUk;
gy;NtW JiwfspYk; ntw;wpfukhff; jpz;ik> mtd; 'elj;ij"- fiyr;rpU\;b
fhy; gjpj;jNjhL> nray;tPuuhfTk; ,uz;bdpYk;
tpsq;fpaJ mtuJ Mw;wiyj;jhd; Njha;e;jpUf;ff; fhzf;nfhLj;J itj;j
ghf;fpad; ehd;.
fhl;LfpwJ.
m.e.f rpwpJfhyk; nfhOk;G Xa;e;jpUf;fhd;. thb> cly; Nehapy;
fWthf;fhl;Lg; gFjpapy; kzKbj;J Mo;e;jpUe;j kWkyu;r;rpf;fhyfl;lKk; m.e.f.Tk;
tho;e;jpUe;jjhf mwpag;gLfpd;wJ. NtisapYk; Neha;f;fl;by; kPjpUe;J fhy; kPJ kWkyu;r;rpf; FOtpd;
,tuJ FLk;gtho;f;if ePbf;ftpy;iy. jhis itj;J E}nyOjpj; > jhohJvk; cUthf;fj;Jf;Fupa Kf;fpa
ehl;nlOj;J fhuzfu;j;jhf;fspy; xUtu; m.e.f.
rpWtajpNyNa tPl;il tpl;Lj; jdpahff; Nkd;ik tpsq;f tplhky; cioj;jtd;! nre;
nfhOk;G nrd;w m.e.f gl;ljhupay;yu;. Vidatu;fs;: jp.r.tujuhrd;>
Njd; Nghw; fUj;Jj; njwpf;Fk; mtd;
Mdhy; fyhepjpfs; jkJ E}y;fis gilg;gpy;! gQ;rhl;ru ru;kh> ehtw;FopA+u;
mtUf;F mu;g;gzpf;FksTf;Fg; 'N]hyh"tpd; 'ehdh" Ritj; jkpopy; eluhrd;. ,yq;if Kw;Nghf;F
Gyik tha;e;jtu;. fyhepjp ifyhrgjp je;jehs;; vOj;jhsu; rq;fj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F
jdJ 'Xg;gpay; ,yf;fpak;" vd;Dk; Nkyhdnjd;W <.Nt.uh.ngupahu; ghuhl;b> Kf;fpakhdtu;fspnyhUtu; m.e.f.
'tpLjiy"apNy njhluha; ntspapl;l mjd; rq;ff; fPjj;ij ,aw;wpatUk;
E}ypid mwpQu; m.e.fe;jrhkpf;F Ma;T Rlu;
mu;g;gzpj;Js;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. tpLk; rpyk;Gf; fl;Liufs; tpNehjg; Gid
mtNu. kWkyu;r;rpf; fhyfl;lk;
jkpopy; kl;Lky;y Mq;fpyj;jpYk; ehkk; vd;Dk; nghOJ 'kWkyu;r;rp"vd;Dk;
kpFe;j Gyik tha;e;jtu;. 'l;upgpA+"gpy; gz;bju; jpUkiyuhau; vd;W G+z;nlOjpf; rQ;rpifapd; fhyfl;lj;ij
Mq;fpyf; fl;Liufs; gy vOjpAs;shu;. fz;lha; mspj;jpl;l fhyk;; jpUr;rpapNy kl;Lk; fUJtJ jtW. kWkyu;r;rp
thndhypapy; ,yf;fz tuk;G Kiw gw;wpj; mikg;gpduhy; ntspaplg;gl;l
Nkw;gb 'fe;jDld; cs;sk; Njndhypfs; nra;j jpdk;; vd;wpt;thwhf
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'vjpu;fhyr; rpj;jd;" vDk; ghly;; rpe;jidfs;
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ntspahfhg; mikg;G cUthtjw;Fupa Kf;fpa
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nrhe;jk; nfhLj;Jr; Rfk; mopj;Jf; ehd;. cUthf;fpa ,isQu;fs; gw;wpf;
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rpe;ijfye;J xNu tPl;bw; Nru;e;jpUe;Jk; Fwpg;gpLifapy; [dtup 2007
tho;T KOtijAk; itj;jhd; fiyf;nfd;Nw! Qhdk; rQ;rpifapy; ntspahd
jho;ntd;W kw;Nwhu;fs; js;Sk; gof;fq;fs; te;jjdhy;
xOf;f tof;fq;fs; vd;fpd;w NtWghlhd fe;jd; vOjhj fhtpaq;fs; ehdwpNtd;! 'xU fhyj;jpd; fhyhf mike;jtu;"
newpj; rpe;ijAld; nfhz;L nrd;w nra;jpfSk; vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy; m.e.fe;jrhkpapd;
jlq;fs; mtd; rpe;jidf;Fj; jlq;fy; ehdwpNtd;." gq;fspg;ig kwf;fhky; Nguhrpupau;
Gupe;jjpy;iy! fh.rptj;jk;gp mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 114
epidT $u;thu;: '1940fspy; kWkyu;r;rp mikg;G> kWkyu;r;rp

kWkyu;r;rpr; rq;fk; epWtg;gl;lJ. mr;rpjo; vd Ma;tpid tpupT gLj;j
,jid tujuhrd;> Nrh.jpahfuhrh> Ntz;baJ mtrpak; vd;gijNa
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ru;kh> m>e>fe;jrhkp MfpNahu;
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m.nr.KUfhde;jidj;jtw tpl;L rpWfijfs;.
tpl;lhu;. Nrh.jpahfuh[hTf;Fg; gjpyhf
m.nr.K vd;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mwpQu; m.e.fe;jrhkp Rkhu; 60
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eluhrh> m.e.fe;jrhkp> gQ;rhl;ruru;kh Njrhgpkhdp)> .ghjhs Nkhfpdp
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gw;wp Neu; fhzypy; vq;FNk gpuNtrk;> ];uPjdk;> gpf;nghf;fl;>
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,J jpl;lkpl;l ,Ul;lbg;ghfNt Nghd;wit gw;wpa jfty;fisNa
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ngw Kbe;jJ. ,tw;wpYk; xU
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rpytw;iwNa ngw Kbe;jJ.
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,tw;wpy; vj;jid fhyj;jhy;
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gilau; (tPuNfrup)> fhspKj;J
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ntspahfpAs;sJ. gpd;du; mg;ngaupy; FUl;Ltho;f;if> cyfg;gpuNtrk;> m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; ftpijfs;
mikg;G cUthdNghJ mtu; mjd; ];uPjdk;> gpf;nghf;fl;> rhFk; cupik>
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ifnaOj;Jr; rQ;rpifia ntspapl;l ehapYk; filau;>" Mfpa fijfs; Njd;nkhop> <oNfrup> tre;jk;>
fhyk; 1943 -1946. gpd;dNu kWkyu;r;rp ,tUf;Fg; ngUk; GfoPl;bf; nfhLj;jd. tPuNfrup> ghujp> jpdfud;> k;y;ypif>
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kWkyu;r;rp mikg;G> mjd; ngau;f;fg;gl;L Gfo;ngw;wit. ];uPyq;fh Nghd;w gj;jpupif>
gq;fspg;G kw;Wk; kWkyu;r;rp rQ;rpif Njapiyj; Njhl;ltho;T gw;wpa ehapYk; rQ;rpiffspy; ntspte;jpUf;fpd;wd.
gw;wpa Muha tpUk;Gk; vtUk; filau; 'kpfr; rpwe;j jkpo;r; rpWfij m.e.f.tpd; ftpijfs; ntspte;j
kWkyu;r;rp ifnaOj;Jr; rQ;rpif> vd gy;NtW <oj;J tpku;rfu;fshy; gj;jpupiffs;> rQ;rpiffs; kw;Wk;
115 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
mtu; gq;F gw;wpa ftpauq;Ffs; <oj;Jr; rhfpj;jpa mikg;gpd;

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nfhQ;Rgit. md;nwhUehs; ey;y ftpij Njhd;Wk;"
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mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 116
vd;Dk; m.e.f.tpd; Muk;gfhyf; ftpij ftPe;jpud; vd;Dk; ngaupy; epiwa vjpu;fhyr;rpj;jndhUtdpd; cyfpidr;
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tho;e;jtu; mtnud;gij mtuJ Nkw;gb me;jdp [Pthtpd; fl;Liu
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tpurnkhL tpfw;gq;fs; tsu;f;Fnkhop
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muru;fs; Viogzf;fhundd;w Ngjk;
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khidepfu; fz;zhs; jd; kzthsu;f;F mt;ntjpu;fhyr; rpj;jd; thOk; cyF
kw;wjid itj;Jtpl;L tpiue;J nrd;W fhyk; jhz;br; nrd;w epfo;fhy
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vd;d? rpy ehl;fNs eP ,t;Tyfpy; fOj;jpdpNy gpd;Gwkha;j; njhq;ftpl;L kdpjDf;F kpFe;j ctifapidf;
tho;e;jhYk; kf;fSf;Fk;> cyFf;Fk; jhndOe;J tpiuths; jd; Ntiyf;fhL! nfhLj;jJ. mjd; tpisthf mtd;
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,jw;fhf mu;g;gzpf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w m.e.f.tpd; vjpu;fhyr; ,q;F te;j fhuzj;jhy; VjwpT vd;gij
Mir Nkypl;l ehd; vd; vOj;ijAk; rpj;jd; ghl;L Njd;nkhop ftpij eP fz;lha;. Mdhy; cd;Dyfpy;
mj;Jiwf;Nf gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; rQ;rpifapd; KjyhtJ ,jopy; epfo;fhy kaf;fj;jpy; tho;Nthu;
vd;W epidj;jjpy; tpag;gpy;iy (Gul;lhrp 1955) ntspahd ftpij. ,e;j Qhdj;jpidf; fhz;ghNuh?
my;yth?... epfo;fhy kdpjd; vjpu;fhy kdpjdpd; ,y;iy. ,j;jifanjhU epiyapy;
,jd; %yk; m.e.ftpd; ,Ug;gplj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; jhz;br; fhyj;ij ehd; jhz;bf; fhrpdpf;F
Muk;gfhyf; ftpijahd rpe;jidAk;> nrd;W> re;jpj;J> ciuahb kPz;L te;jhy; tplj;ijj; je;J Nrhf;fpujiuf;
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,yf;fpa tho;tpd; mbj;jskhf> ce;J kdpjndhUtd; fhyj;ijj; jhz;b vd;id Vw;wp kpjpj;jpLthu;fs;
rf;jpahf tpsq;Ftijf; fhzKbfpwJ. vjpu;fhyr; rpj;jd; thOk; cyfpw;F vd;fpd;whd;. mjdhy; epfo;fhy
mtuJ gilg;Gfs; vy;yhNk Nkw;gb te;JtpLfpd;whd;. ehL> kjk;> kdpjh! ehd; mq;F tNud;. eP Nghtha;
mtuJ ,yl;rpa Ntl;ifiag; nkhop> ,dk;> Vio> gzf;fhud;> vd;fpd;whd;. vdNt Vkhw;wj;Jld;
Gyg;gLj;JtdthfNtapUf;fpd;wd. rhjpnad;W gpsTz;L> Nghu;fspdhy; kPz;Lk; epfo;fhy cyfpw;Nf
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njhlu;fl;Liuapy; vOj;jhsu; kdpju;fnsd;wnthUuPjpapy; md;Gld; Nghu;fSk;> elk; GupAk; jPJfSk;
mejdp [Pth m.e.f. Muk;gfhyj;jpy; thOk; rKjhankhd;wpy; thOk; jpLf;fpl itf;fpd;wd. vd;wptu;fs;
117 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
cz;ik fhz;ghNuh? vd Vf;fKw ghbapUf;fpd;whu;. ,t;tpjkhf mtu; jpq;Nf?

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Gfd;wnkhop Nfl;lgpd;du; ahdtidg; jkpo; kiwahk; jpUf;Fwspid mtdJ Fwl;ghf;fspD}L fhZk;
ghu;j;J ftpQu;
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tho;Ntw;wpr;nry;thNah vd;wpiwQ;rp epw;f mw;Gjkhd ftpijfspy; ehdwpe;j fUj;Jilahu; czul;Lk; fhrpdpapy; md;W
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nkd;dpyTf; FQ;rpupg;Gg; gpwe;jijAk; ftpij ts;Stupd; rpwg;gpidAk;> tpaDyfpy; fhl;Lfpd;whu; ghijaNj ghij.
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tho;it kl;LNk mbg;gilahff;
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ghjfu;fs; KOkilikg; Nghu;fs; R+Ok; Nkhl;rnkd;Wk; Gida ts;StNuh ,yf;fpak; gilg;gijNa jdJ
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,jid ehd; ,dq;fhZfpd;Nwd;. ghujpahu; jdp nahUtDf;F cztpy;iynadpy; vd;Dk; <oNfrupapy; ntspahd
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ts;StNuh js;StNjhtho;f;ifapidg;
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fdd;W nfhz;bUe;j ,yl;rpaf; Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;lijr; Rl;bf; Xu;kidtp nrk;ikawq; fhj;j rPu;ikr;
nrg;gupa ngUk;Gfohs; Nja nky;yhk;
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jhnadNt nrg;gpLNkhu; ,y;ypd; nja;tk;
rpj;jd; tpsq;Ffpd;whd;. mj;Jld; ts;Stdhu; topte;j ghujpahu; nrhd;dhu;
m.e.f.tpd; rpe;jidj; njsptpidAk;> itaj;ij mopj;jpLNthk; jdpkdpjd; vdTk;
rPijAk; rhtpj;jpupahk; Njtp kw;Wk;
ftp GidAk; Mw;wiyAk; $l Nkw;gb xUtd; rpwg;Gs;s eshapdp vd;Nghnuy;yhk;
ftpij tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. cs;sepiw NthLz;z cztpy;iy vd;W
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jiyik tfpj;Js;shu;; ftpijfs; js;StNjh tho;f;ifapidg; gpr;irvLj; ngUq;Fyj;jpd; cau;Tjid ehl;bdha;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 118
vdTk; Fwpg;gpLk; m.e.f> Mq;fhq;Nf Mrpupaupd; Gyikapid

khu;f;rpa mwpQu; my;Juru; $Wthu;.
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m.e.f.tpd; ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; E}YUg;ngw;wNghJ mjw;Fr;
Ritg;gjw;Fkhf mike;jpUg;gJ
mtiug; guhkupj;jtu;fspnyhUtu;. rpwg;ghdnjhU mdpe;Jiuapid
mjd; jdpr; rpwg;ghFk;. Gjpjhf
mJgw;wpj; jdJ Fkud; rQ;rpifapy; vOj;jhsu; nr.fNzrypq;fd;
ehlfk; vOJNthUf;Fk; fhl;rp
m.e.f.tpd; ,Wjpf;fhyk; gw;wpa njhlu; vOjpapUf;fpd;whu;.
mikg;igAk; fUj;jpd; Moj;ijf;
fl;Liunahd;wpidAk; vOjpAs;sJ mjpytu; gpd;tUkhW
ifahSk; KiwiaAk; fw;gpf;fj;
Fwpg;gplj; jf;fJ. Fwpg;gpLthu;:
jf;fjhf ,e; ehlfk; cs;sJ.
kdf;fz; Ritahd> rpe;ijiaf; epyg;gpuGj;Jt rKjhaj;jpy;
vOj;jhsu; me;jdp [Pth
ftUk; fijg;gpd;dy;> Fiw> Nkyhjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; fUj;
jpdfudpy; m.e.f. gw;wp vOjpa
epiwfSld; ajhu;j;jG+u;tkhfg; jpay; (Ideology) kjk; vd;Wk;
rhfhj ,yf;fpaj;jpd; rupj;jpu ehafd;;
gilf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpuq;fs;> eil> Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpy; fy;tp vd;Wk; et
119 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
vd;Dk; njhlupy; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Jiwapy; 12> 13 tUlq;fs; gzpahw;wp mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. ehtiy m.e.f
<oj;J ehlfj;ijg; gw;wp tpku;rfu;fs; Xa;T ngw;wjhff; Fwpg;gpLthu;. jdf;NfAupa me;jj; Js;Sjkpo;
tpku;rpf;Fk; nghOJ m.e.f.tpd; jftw;Jiwapy; gzpGupe;j; fhyfl;lj;jpy; eilapy; nkhopngau;j;Js;shu;.
kjkhw;wj;ij iky;fy;yhf itj;Jj; jftw;Jiwapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l ehty; fhuzkhfr; Rje;jpudpd;
jhd; fzf;fpLthu;fs; vd;W ];uPyq;fh ,johrpupauhfTk; m.e.f.Nt tpw;gid mjpfupj;Js;sijAk;>
Fwpg;gpLtJ kpifahd $w;wy;y. ,J tpsq;fpdhu;). mjd; gpd;du; Njhl;lj; ehdhit thrpg;gjpy;
gw;wpa tpku;rdf;fl;Liunahd;wpid njhopyhsu; rq;fj;jpy; KONeu thrfu;fSf;Nfw;gl;l Nghl;b ehdh
Mq;fpy Vlhd l;upgpA+dpy; Copauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhu;. jdpahu; ntspte;j Rje;jpudpd; gf;fq;fisf;
,yq;ifapd; gpugy ,yf;fpaj; epWtdq;fSf;F Mq;fpy E}y;fis fsthLtjpy; Kbe;Js;sijAk; mwpa
jpwdha;thsu;fspnyhUtuhd Nf.v];. nkhopngau;f;Fk; gzpapidAk; nra;J KbfpwJ. %j;j vOj;jhsu; nlhkpdpf;
rptFkhuDk; vOjpapUf;fpd;whu;. te;jhu;. xg;Nrtupy; G&t; uPluhfTk; rpy [Pth ehdh gw;wp Rje;jpuDf;F vOjpa
Nkw;gb m.e.f.tpd; ehlfj;ijg; gw;wpa fhyk; Ntiy ghu;j;Js;shu;. tPuNfrup thrfu; fbjnkhd;wpy; ehdh fij
jdJ nla;yp kpuu tpku;rdj;jpy; Mrpupau; FOtpy; gzpahw;wpAs;shu;. Rje;jpudpy; ntsptuj; njhlq;fpa gpd;G
tpku;rfu; mu;[_dh m.e.f.tpd; fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; KONeu khu;f;nfl;by; Rje;jpud; gj;jpupiff;Nf
ehlfj; jpwikapid Mq;fpy Copauhf tpsq;fpa m.e.f Njrhgpkhdp jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. gyu;
mwpQu; ngu;dhl;\hNthL xg;gpl;L gj;jpupifapd; Muk;gfhy Mrpupau;fspy; filfSf;Fr; nrd;W gj;jpupif
tpku;rpj;jpUg;gJ m.e.f.tpd; ehlfg; xUtu;. gpd;du; mf;fl;rpapypUe;J fpilf;fhky; ntWq;ifAld; jpUk;gpr;
Gyikapid ntspg;gLj;Jk;. ntspNawpdhu;. mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; nrd;Ws;sij ehd; fz;zhuf;
m.e.fTk; cstpaYk; Rje;jpud; gj;jpupifapy; Nru;e;J mjd; fz;Nld;. mjdhy; gyu; Nru;e;J
Mrpupauhfr; rpwpJ fhyk; gzpahw;wpdhu;. xU gj;jpupifia thrpf;f Ntz;ba
ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpaq;fs; vd;w Mq;fpyg; gj;jpupifahd bupgpA+dpy; epu;g;ge;jKk; Vwgl;Ls;sJ. jkpohf;fk;
m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; cstpay; E}ypidg; rpyfhyk; gzpahw;wpdhu;. mr;rkak; mghuk vd;W jdJ fUj;jpidg; gjpT
ghup gjpg;gfj;jpdu; jkpofj;jpy; epiwa jpUf;Fws; gw;wpa Mq;fpy nra;jpUf;fpd;whu;. ,yq;ifapypUe;Jk;
ntspapl;Ls;sdu;. Nkw;gb E}ypy; Ma;Tf; fl;Liufis vOjpdhu;. kl;Lky;y jkpofj;jpypUe;Jk; gyu;
gy;NtW cstpaw; NfhLghLfs; vkpypNrhyhtpd; ehtyhd ehdh gw;wpa jkJ vz;zq;fisg;
gw;wpnay;yhk;> mtw;iw tho;tpd; ehdhitr; Rje;jpudpy; nkhopngau;j;J gfpu;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
ntw;wpf;F vt;tifapy; ghtpf;fyhk; m.e.f. ntspapl;lNghJ mJ ngUk; ,JNghy; gz;bju; jpUkiyuhau;
vd;gJ gw;wpnay;yhk; jdf;NfAupa thjg;gpujpthjq;fisf; fpsg;gpaij vd;Dk; ngaupy; m.e.fe;jrhkp
Js;Sjkpo; eilapy; m.e.f. Rje;jpudpy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;Ls;s vOjpa fz;zfp ghj;jpuk;
tpgupj;jpUg;ghu;. vk;.v];.cja%u;j;jp fbjq;fspypUe;J mwpaKbfpd;wJ. ngz;ikapd; rpwg;igf; fhl;Lfpwjh?
Nghd;wtu;fs; jkpopy; ,j;jifa m.e.f.tpd; nkhopngau;g;gpy; vkpyp ngz;zbikapd; rpfuk; vd;gNj
tho;tpd; ntw;wpf;fhd E}y;fis Nrhyhtpd; ehdh Rje;jpudpy; rhyg; nghUe;Jk; vd;Dk; fl;LiuAk;
vOjj;njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;dNu 21-10-51njhlf;fk; -28-8-1952 gyj;j thjg;gpujpthjq;fisf;
m.e.f ,j;Jiwapy; ftdj;ijr; tiuapy; nkhj;jk; 19 mj;jpahaq;fs; fpsg;gp tpl;Ls;sij md;iwa
nrYj;jpaJk; > vOjpaJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ntspte;Js;sd. KjyhtJ mj;jpahak; Rje;jpud; ,jopd; gf;fq;fs; ekf;Fj;
tha;e;jJ. rpf;kz;l; /gpuha;l;> fhu;y; KjypuT vd;Dk; jiyg;gpYk;> njuptpf;fpd;wd.
[_q;> my;/gpnul; ml;yu; Nghd;w gj;njhd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; Nghyp];
Nkdhl;L cstpay; mwpQu;fs;jk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpYk; ntspte;Js;sd. m.e.f. vd;nwhU tpku;rfu;.
Nfhl;ghLfisnay;yhk; rhjhuz gj;njhd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak;> njhlUk;
thrfu;fSk; GupAk; tifapy; my;yJ Kw;Wk; vd;gitapd;wp> rpWfij> ftpijfs;> ehlfk;> ehty;>
vOjg;gl;Ls;s ey;ynjhU E}y; Xirapd;wp Kbe;Js;sijg; nkhopngau;g;G vd;nwy;yhk; vOj;jpy;
ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpaq;fs;. ghu;f;Fk;NghJ ehdhehty; mj;Jld; fhy; gjpj;j m.e.f. gy;NtW mupa
KbT ngw;Ws;sjh my;yJ eLtopapy; ,yf;fpaf; fl;Liufis> tpku;rdf;
m.e.f.tpd; nkhopngau;g;G Kaw;rpfs; thjg;gpujpthjq;fs; fhuzkhf fl;Liufis> E}y; kjpg;Giufs;
kw;Wk; ,johrpupag; gq;fspg;Gfs;.. epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij %y kw;Wk; rpdpkh gw;wpa tpku;rdf;
E}y; ghu;j;Jj;jhd;> ehtiy thrpj;Jg; fl;Liufs;>Njrpa ,yf;fpak;>
1943 ,ypUe;J 1953 tiu ghu;j;Jj;jhd; KbT nra;aNtz;Lk;. ftpij> ehlfj; jkpo;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;
,yq;ifj; jftw; jpizf;fsj;jpy; ehty; ntspte;jNghJ vd;nwy;yhk; gy;NtW tplaq;fs;
nkhopngau;g;ghsuhfg; gzpGupe;jhu;. ntspte;j thrfu; fbjq;fspypUe;J gw;wp vOjpa gilg;Gfs; gy;NtW
mr;rkak; gy Mq;fpy E}y;fisg; ngUk;ghyhd thrfu;fis ehdh rpw;wpjo;fs;> gj;jpupiffspnyy;yhk;
gzpepkpj;jk; nkhopngau;j;Js;shu;. mbikahf;fp tpl;lhnsd;Wjhd; ntspte;jpUf;fpd;wd. ntz;gh
(me;jdp [Pth jdJ rhfhj njupfpd;wJ. vjpu;j;jtu;fs; $l gw;wpa njhlu; fl;Liufis
,yf;fpaj;jpd; rupj;jpu ehafd; vd;Dk; m.e.f.tpd; nkhopngau;g;gpidg; tPuNfrupapy; vOjpAs;sjhfTk;
fl;Liuapy; m.e.f ,yq;if mur jftw; ngupJk; ghuhl;bapUg;gijAk; mwpfpd;Nwhk;. ,jdhy; m.e.f.it
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 120
<oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fis ntspapl;lhu;. mf; nrk;gpad; nry;td;. ,J gw;wpa

Kf;fpa tpku;rfu;fspnyhUtuhfTk; fUj;Jf;fis ctik> cUtfr; me;jdp [Pthtpd; rhfhj ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
Ma;thsu;fs; gyu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;. nrhy;yhl;rpfspdhy; moFgLj;jpAk;> rupj;jpud; ehafd; tPuNfrup Mrpupau;
gz;bju; jpUkiyuhau; fk;gPuj; njhdpNaw;wpAk;> vy;yhUf;Fk; FOtpy; gzpahw;wpdhu;. tPuNfrupapy;
vd;Dk; ngaupy; ,tu; Rje;jpudpy; GupAk;tz;zk; kf;fs; Kd; itj;jhu;. gzpahw;wpa fhyj;jpy; mr;rfj;
vOjpa rpyg;gjpfhuk; gw;wpa ,g; gz;G rpWfijfspy; kl;Lky;yhJ> njhopyhsu;fs; gLk; Jd;gj;ijf; fz;L
Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs; jkpofj;jpYk;> Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiufspYk;> nfhs;if kdk; nehe;jhu;. mtu;fspd; eydpy;
,yq;ifapYk; thjg;gpujpthjq;fisf; tpsf;ff; fl;LiufspYk; vy;yhiuAk; mf;fiw nfhz;lhu;. nghJTlikf;
fpsg;gpd. ngupahupd; FbauR trPfupf;Fk; tz;zk; mofofhd> fUj;Jfspy; Cwpg;NghapUe;j m.e.f.
gj;jpupifapYk; ,tw;wpy; rpy kPs;gpuRuk; Mokhd> vspa ctik cUtq;fis mr;rfj; njhopyhsu;fSf;fhfg;
nra;ag;gl;ljhf mwpag;gLfpwJ. mikj;J vOJthu;. rhjhuzkhf xU Nghuhlj; jaq;ftpy;iy. mjdhy;
jkpo; kl;Lkpd;wp Mq;fpyj;jpYk; rpW fl;Liuapw; $l Fiwe;jJ gj;Njh mr;rf Kjyhspfspd; ntWg;gpidr;
kpFe;j Gyik ngw;w m.e.f. gjpide;J ctik cUtq;fisf; rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. mjdhy;
Mq;fpyj;jpYk; rpyg;gjpfhuk;> jpUf;Fws;> fhzyhk;." vd;W Fwpg;gpLk;. tPuNfrupapypUe;J tpyf;fg; gl;lhu;
nfsby;aupd; mu;j;jrhj;jpuk; vd;W gjpT nra;Ak;.
gw;wpnay;yhk; tpku;rdf; fl;Liufis thndhypapy; m.e.f.
vOjpAs;shu;. ,it bupgpA+d; Nkw;gb fl;Liuapy; me;jdp [Pth
Nghd;w Mq;fpy rQ;rpiffspy; ,yq;if thndhypapd; fiyf;Nfhyk; m.e.f.tpd; khu;f;rpa <LghL gw;wpg;
ntspte;Js;sjhfTk; mwpag;gLfpwJ. epfo;r;rpapYk; khje;NjhWk; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLthu;:
m.e.f.tpd; tpkuprdq;fs;> cyf gpd;G fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp KONeu
m.e.f.Tk; rpWtu; ehlfhrpupau;fs; gw;wpa mwpKfTiufs; Copauhdhu;. fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd;
,yf;fpaKk;! xypgug;gg;gl;ljhfTk; mwpfpd;Nwhk;. jkpo;g; gj;jpupifahd Njrhgpkhdpapd;
mtuJ ,Wjpg; gilg;ghf KjyhtJ Muk;gfhy Mrpupau;
rpWtu; ,yf;fpaj; Jiwapy; m.e.f jd; nkhopngau;g;G ehlfhnkhd;W xyp m.e.fe;jrhkpNa. Njrhgpkhdpapd;
ghy;a fhyj;jpy; <oNfrup khztu; gug;gg;gl;ljhfTk; mwpfpd;Nwhk;. tsu;r;rpf;F mUk;ghLgl;lhu;.
kyupy; vOjpAs;sjhf mwpfpd;Nwhk;. m.e.f.tpd; thndhyp Kaw;rpfisg; mg;gj;jpupifapy; mtu; vOjpa
,itAk; Nrfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkdf; gw;wp ,yq;if xypgug;Gf; $l;Lj; rpWfijfs;> murpaw; fl;Liufs;
fUJfpd;Nwhk;. ,J jtpu rq;fPjg; gprhR jhgdj;jpYk; ,tu; gw;wpa Njlypidj; midtupd; ftdj;ijAk; ftu;e;jd.
vd;nwhU rpWtu; ehtnyhd;wpidAk; njhlu Ntz;ba Njitapid ,J fk;A+dp];l fl;rpapd; KONeu
m.e.f vOjpAs;shu;. vOgJfspd; typAWj;Jk;. Copauhff; flikahw;wpa fhyj;jpy;
,Wjpapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J ,it jtpu Ngr;Rf; fiyapYk; m.e.fe;jrhkp njhopw;rq;f ,af;fq;fspy;
rpupj;jpud; Mrpupau; rptQhdRe;juj;jhy; ty;ytu; m.e.f. mj;Jld; gy ngUk; <LghL nfhs;sj; njhlq;fpdhu;.
ntspaplg;gl;l fz;kzp vd;Dk; ftpauq;FfspYk; gq;F gw;wpa md;iwa kiyafj;jpd; vy;gpl;b vd;Dkplj;jpy;
rpWtu; rQ;rpifapy; me;ehtypd; rpy fhyj;J ,yf;fpa thdpy; el;rj;jpukhf rpyfhyk; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs;
mj;jpahaq;fs; ntspte;Js;sd. kpd;dpatu; m.e.f vd;gijj;jhd; gpujpepjpahff; flikahw;wpdhu;.
gpd;du; fz;kzp epd;W tplNt mtu; gw;wpa fl;Liufs;> E}y;fs; ciog;igNa ek;gp thOk; Njhl;lj;
me;ehtYk; FiwAld; epd;W tpl;lJ. njuptpf;fpd;wd. njhopyhsu;fspd; eydpy; mf;fiw
me;ehty; Kjd; Kjypy; rpupj;jpudpy; fhl;bj; jPtpukhf cioj;jhu;.
ntspte;jjJ. nray; tPuu; m.e.f! mtu;fspd; ,d;g Jd;gq;fspy; gq;F
nfhz;lhu;. m.e.fe;jrhkp kiyehl;L
m.e.f.tpd; ciueil m.e.f. vOjpaJld; kl;Lk epd;W ciof;Fk; njhopyhsu;fs; kPJ
tpl;ltuy;yu;. nray; tPuUk; $l. vg;nghOJk; ngUkjpg;G itj;jpUe;jhu;.
m.e.f vd;Dk; fpzwpidj; Njhz;lj; jhd; nfhz;l nfhs;iffSf;fhf njhopyhsu;fspDupikg; Nghuhl;
Njhz;lg; ngUfptUk; ,yf;fpa ,Wjp ,Wjp tiuapy; Nghuhbatu;. lj;jpy; Kd;dpd;W cioj;Js;shu;.
Cw;W vk;ikg; ngupJk; gpukpf;f 'tPuNfrupapy; gzpGupe;jNghJ> mtu;fspd; cupikf;fhfj; Njhl;l
itf;fpd;wJ. mtUf;Fg; ngUik ,tupd; flik> vOj;Jld; kl;Lk; epu;thfj;jpduplk; epahak; NfhupAs;shu;.
Nru;f;Fkpd;DnkhU tplak; mtuJ epd;WtplhJ. nray; KiwapYk; nfhOk;gpy; eilngw;w gpurpj;jp
me;jj; Js;Sjkpo; ciueil. jPtpukile;jJ. tPuNfrupapy; ngw;w buhk; njhopyhsu;fspd;
,J gw;wpa nrk;gpad; nry;tdpd; Kjd; Kjyhfj; njhopw; rq;fk; Nghuhl;lk; ntw;wp ngw
<oj;jkpo;r; rpWfij kzpfs; ',tupd; xd;wpidj; jhgpj;J njhopyhsu; cioj;jtu;fspy; Kf;fpakhd
gilg;Gf;fspd; ntw;wpfSf;F ,tupd; cupikf;fhfg; ghLgl;ltu;" vd;W xUtuhf m.e.fe;jrhkp fzpf;fg;
ciu eilAk; Kf;fpa fhuzk; jdJ <oj;Jr; rpWfij kzpfs; gLfpd;whu;. njhopw;rq;f <LghL
vdyhk;. vspa thf;fpaq;fshf E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLthu; vOj;jhsu; nfhz;l fhyq;fspy; njhopyhsu;fspd;
121 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
tho;f;if epfo;r;rpfis itj;J mku fgiyAkhf ehk; thOKyfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. yB]; tPukzpAk;> mtuJ kidtpAk;.
,yf;fpaq;fisr; rpU\;bj;Js;shu;. Vo;ikf;Fk;> nry;tj;Jf;Fk; elf;Fk; vOj;jhsu; nr.fNzrypq;fDk;
fk;A+dp];l fl;rpf;Fs; ele;j NghUk;> mbikf;Fk;> Mz;lhDf;Fk; mtiu ed;F guhkupj;jhu;fs;. mtuJ
Nghuhl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf elf;Fk; NghUk;> cau;rhjpahDf;Fk; ,Wjpf;fhyk; gw;wpa epidTfis
m.e.fe;jrhkpAk; mtiur; rhu;e;j jho;e;j rhjpahDf;Fk; elf;Fk; nr.fNzrypq;fd; jdJ Fkud;
Vnol;Lg; NgUk; ntspNaw Ntz;ba NghUk;> mRurf;jpfSf;Fk;> kdpj rQ;rpifapy; fl;Liuj; njhlnuhd;wpy;
epu;g;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lJ. rf;jpfSf;Fk; elf;Fk; NghUk; gjpT nra;Js;shu;. mj;Jld; mtuJ
,d;W cyifNa fyq;f itj;Jf; ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpaq;fs; E}iyj;
m.e.f.tpd; ,yf;fpaf; Nfhl;ghLfs;! nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,g;Nghu;fspdhy; jkpofj;jpy; ntspaplTk; cjtp
tho;Nt xU NrhffPjkhfptpl;lJ. nra;jpUf;fpd;whu;. m.e.f.tpd; kjkhw;wk;
kf;fs; ,yf;fpak; vd;w fUj;Jk; ,g;Nghu;fis vt;tsT tpiutpy; E}YUg;ngw;wNghJ mtuJ Fkud;
Nrh\yp];l; ajhu;j;jk; vd;gdTNk xopf;f KbANkh mt;tsT tpiutpy; mr;rfj;jpNyNa mr;rplg;gl;lJ.
vd; kdijf; ftu;e;j ,yf;fpa xopj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;. mjd;g gpd;jhd;
rpj;jhe;jq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd vdj; Nghnuhope;j rkj;Jt rKjhak; m.e.f gw;wp NkYk; rpy...
jdJ gpurpj;jp ngw;w ehd; Vd; G+f;Fk;. mijg; G+f;f itf;Fk; gzpapy;
vOJfpNwd; vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy; vOj;jhsd; Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo vOj;jhsu; me;jdp [Pth
Fwpg;gpLk; m.e.f. gpd;tUkhW jhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij cyfpd; mtu;fspd; m.e.f gw;wpa jpdfud;
vOJtjd; Nehf;fk; gw;wp tpgupg;ghu;: Gfo;ngw;w Ngdh kd;du;fs; vd; fl;Liuj;njhluhd rhfhj
vOj;jhsd; tho;f;ifia kdjpy; Njhw;Wtpj;jdu;. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; rupj;jpu ehafd;
tpku;rpg;gJld; epd;W tplf;$lhJ. gpnuQ;Rg; Gul;rp fz;l &Nrh> m>e.f.it ,d;Ws;s jiyKiwAk;
me;j tpku;rdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; thy;lau; njhlf;fk; khu;rpk; Nfhu;f;fp> mwptjw;F top nra;j Kf;fpa
thrfu;fSf;F vjpu;fhyj;jpy; v`;nud;Ngu;f; tiuf;Fk; vy;yh ey;y njhlu;. vOj;jhsu; mf];jpaUk;
ek;gpf;if Cl;lNtz;Lk;. vOj;jhsu;fSk; ,e;jr; nra;jpiaNa gy fl;Liufspy; m.e.f gw;wpa jdJ
mt;tpj ek;gpf;ifapy;yhtpl;lhy; vdf;Ff; $wpdu;. Ngu;dhl; \htpd; epidTfisg; gfpu;e;jpUf;fpd;whu;.
Kd;Ndw;wkpy;iy. tho;Nt ,y;iy. vOj;JfSk; ,d;iwa Ngl;uz;l; vOj;jhsu; nlhkpdpf; [PthTk;
,t;tpj gpuf;iQapy; gpwf;fhky; ury; vOj;JfSk; $l rKjha ky;ypif rQ;rpifapd; ml;ilg;glkhf
ntWkNd ajhu;j;jj;ij xU Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;Fupa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; m.e.fit ntspapl;bUg;gJld;> mtu;
Rj;j ,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;L jPu;g;G fhZk; gzpia myl;rpak; gw;wpa fl;Liufis ntspapl;L epidT
vOJk;NghJ ek;gpf;iff;Fg; gjpy; nra;Jtpltpy;iy. tq;ff; ftpQu; $u;e;Js;shu;. jdJ Neu;fhznyhd;wpy;
mtek;gpf;ifapd; njhdpfNs Nfl;f jh$Uk;> jkpo;f; ftpQd; ghujpAk; jhd; gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofkhf
Muk;gpf;fyhk;. iee;j cs;sj;jpd; jhk; tho;e;j rKjhaj;jpd; cldbg; m.e.f.itf; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;whu;.
Nrhff;Fuyhff; Nfl;Fk; vOj;jhy; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;f;Fk; gzpf;Fj; gjpTfs;.fhk; m.e.fe;jrhkpia
gadpy;iy. nehe;j cs;sj;jpd; jkJ Ngdhf;fis mu;g;gzk; nra;a ,d;Ws;s jiyKiw mwptjw;F
nray; JzpTnfhz;l Ntff; Fuyhf kwf;ftpy;iy. cyfg; gz;ghl;Lg; ghba Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpAs;sJ. mtuJ
mJ xypf;f Ntz;Lk;. tho;tjw;F ghujpjhrDk; rKjha Coy;fisr; ftpijfs;> fl;Liufs;> fijfs;
NeubahfNth> Fwpg;ghfNth> Rl;nlupf;Fk; gzpf;Fj; jd;dhshd gytw;iw ntspapl;Ls;sJld;>
nksdkhfNth topfhl;Lk; vOj;Nj Nritiar; nra;jpUf;fpd;whd;. kdf;fz; ehtiyj; NjbnaLj;Jj;
vOj;J. ,e;jf; fUj;Jfs; vd;id Njrhgpkhdpapy; ntspte;j njhluhf; ntspapl;lJld; kpd;D}
ce;Jfpd;wd. mtw;Wf;fhfNt ehd; Nkw;gb fl;Liu vz;gJfspy; yhfTk; ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
vOJfpd;Nwd;. nkhwl;Litg; gy;fiyf; fofj; jkpo;r; ,itnay;yhk; <oj;Jj; jkpo;
rq;f ntspaPlhd El;gk; rQ;rpifapYk;
kdpjd; rKjhaj;jpd; xU mq;fk;. ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mwpQu; m.e.f.tpd;
mtDf;F rKjhag; nghWg;nghd;W kPs;gpuRuk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. m.e.f msg;gupa gq;fspg;gpidj; njspthf
cz;L. ntWkNd cz;ZtJk;> kiwe;jnghOJ mtuJ Nkw;gb tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wd. ,d;W m.e.f gw;wpf;
cwq;FtJk;> GyDfu;r;rpfspy; fl;Liuapidg; gpuRupj;j Njrhgpkhdp Fwpg;gpLk; xU rpy vOj;jhsu;fs;
<LgLtJk; tho;f;ifahfhJ. mwpT Nghu;r;Rthiy mkur; RluhfpaJ mtuJ gd;Kf Mw;wypd; gpd;dzpapy;
tsu;r;rp ngw;w kdpjd; ,tw;NwhL vd;nwhU Mrpupaj; jiyaq;fj;jpidAk; mtiu Ma;T nra;a kwe;J rpy
NtW rpy fhupaq;fisAk; nra;a tiue;J jdJ mQ;rypapidr; rkaq;fspy; NkNyhl;lkhff;
tpUk;Gthd;. kw;wtu; Kfj;jpd; nrYj;jpaJ. fUj;Jfisj; njuptpg;gJ mtu;fsJ
Gd;dif Njhl;lj;jpy; G+j;Jf; mwpahikapd; tpisNt. m.e.f.
FYq;Fk; Ky;iykyu; Nghy; mtDf;F m.e.f.tpd; ,Wjpf;fhyk; gw;wpa Nghjpa Ma;Tfspd;wp mtu;
,d;gj;ijA+l;Lk;. ,d;W ehk; thOk; gw;wpa fUj;Jfisj; njuptpg;gij
rKjhaj;jpy; ehk; Gd;difiaf; mtuJ ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; mtu; jtpu;j;J tpLtJ ey;yJ. 'm.e.f.
fhztpy;iy. Jd;gKk;> JauKk;> NehAw;wpUe;j Ntis tpy;ypirf; <oj;jkpopyf;fpa cyfpd; gy;NtW
mOifAk;> Vf;fKk;> fz;zPUk;> fiyQUk;> ehlf ,af;FeUkhd JiwfspYk; <Lgl;L kw;iwNahuhy;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 122
kWf;fNth kiwf;fNth Kbahjstpw;F 21> 1951 Kjy; Mfj;J 28> 1952

rpwe;j njhz;lhw;wpdhu;. etPd mtu; rpU\;bfis Gj;jf cUtpy; tiuapy; nkhj;jk; 19 mj;jpahaq;fs;
jkpo;f;fiy tbtq;fshf cUtfpj;j nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;fhj ,e;j ed;wp ntspte;Js;sd).
rpWfij> ehty;> tpku;rdk;> nkhop nfl;l r%fk; Nghyth eP mtu; 3. rq;fPjg; gprhR (rpupj;jpudpy;
ngau;g;G vd;gdtw;Wld; ehlfk;> capiug; gpbj;J itf;fhJ JNuhfk; ntspte;j rpWtu; njhlu; Gjpdk;).
ftpij Mfpa JiwfisAk; Gj;jhw;wy; nra;J tpl;lha;? jkpoKJ mOfpd;whs;. ,jd; mj;jpahaq;fs; KOikahff;
epuk;gpa Mf;Nuh\ Ntfj;Jld; r%fr; mts; fz;fspy; ePu; Jspf;fpd;wJ. fpilf;ftpy;iy.
rPu;NfLfisf; nfy;yp vwpaTk;> mtu; glj;ij (mkuu; m.e.fe;jrhkp) 4. fsdp nts;sk; (ehty; ) - kiyafj;
GjpaNjhu; cyF mikf;fTk; Kfg;gpy; jhq;fpagpd;Gjhd; mts; jkpoiu ikakhff; nfhz;l ehty;.
Vw;wfUtpfshf;fpdhu;" vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; kdk; nfhQ;rk; rhe;jpailfpd;wJ ,e;ehtypd; %yg;gpujpia vOj;jhsu;
nrk;gpad; nry;td; ,tiug;gw;wpa vd;W rhbapUg;ghu;. nr.fNzrypq;fd; itj;jpUe;jhu;. 83
cz;ikahd kjpg;gPL gy; ,t;tpjk; <oj;Jj; jkpo; [_iyf; fytuj;jpy; mjid mtu;
JiwfisAk; jOtpajhftpUe;jhyd;wp ,yf;fpa cyfpw;Fg; gy;Jiwfspy; ,oe;J tpl;lJ kpfg;ngupa ,og;G.
KOikailah" ntd;W Fwpg;gpLtij mupa gq;fhw;wpa mwpQu; m.e.f.tpd;
Nkw;gb miuFiw Ma;thsu;fs; gilg;Gfis ,dpahtJ ,d;iwa crhj;Jizg;gl;bay;
czu;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; jkpo; cyF ntspf;nfhzu Kaw;rpfs;
,J gw;wpa jdJ Ntjidapid nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Mq;fhq;Nf rpjwpf; 1. rhfhj ,yf;fpaj;jpd; rupj;jpu
'm.e. fe;jrhkp Rkhu; ehw;gJ fplf;Fk; mtuJ gilg;Gfisr; ehafd; - me;jdp [Pth (jpdfud;
rpWfijfs; tiuNa vOjpapUg;ghu; Nrfupf;f cjtpdhNy mJNtnahU njhlu;)
vd mtupd; neUq;fpa ,yf;fpa kpfg;ngupa NritahftpUf;Fk;. 2. mwpQu; m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; gd;Kf
ez;gu;fshy; mwpatUfpd;wJ. mit MSik! - t.e.fpupjud; (,yf;fpag;
ahTk; Mq;fhq;Nf mtu; gzpahw;wpa m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; ntspte;j G+f;fs; njhFg;G 1)
gj;jpupiffspYk;> ifnaOj;Jg; E}y;fs; 3. ehd; Vd; vOJfpNwd;? -
gpujpfspYk; rpjwpf;fplf;fpd;wd. mtuJ Njrhgpkhdp gj;jpupifapy; m.e.f.tpd;
rpWfijfs; ,d;Wtiu njhFg;ghf 1. ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpaq;fs; (cstpay; kiwitnahl;b kPs;gpuRukhd
ntsptuhjpUg;gJ tpe;ijahd fl;Liufs;) - ghup epiyak; > fl;Liu.
NtjidNa> mtuhy; cw;rhfg; jkpo;ehL> 1968 4.<oj;Jj; jkpo;r; rpWfij kzpfs;
gLj;jg;gl;Lk; cau;j;jg;gl;Lk; 2. kjkhw;wk; (ehlfk;) - Njrpa fiy> - nrk;gpad; nry;td;
cUthf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpathzu;fs; ,yf;fpag; Nguit 5. jkpoKJ rQ;rpifapd; Mrpupaj;
vj;jidNah Ngu; ,d;W <oj;jkpopyf;fpa jiyaq;fk;
cyfpy; kl;Lky;yhJ r%f epiyapYk; gjpTfs;.fhk; mNkrd; - fpz;by; 6. Njd;nkhop ftpij ,jo; 1955.
cau;epiy ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wdu;. gjpg;Gfshf ntspapl;l kpd;D}y;fs; vOj;jhsu; tuju; ntspapl;lJ.
mtu;fNsh md;wpg; gpw gjpg;gq;fNsh> 7. ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpaq;fs; -
m.e. fe;jrhkpapd; gilg;Gf;fis E} 1. kdf;fz; (ehty;) - mNkrd; m.e.fe;jrhkp > ghup epiyak;
YUtpy; nfhzu KayNtz;Lk;. mtu; fpz;by; kpd;D}y; gjpg;G. gjpTfs;. 8. kjkhw;wk; (ehlfk;) - m.e.fe;jrhkp
jd; MAl;fhyk; KOtJk; njhlu;G fhk; ntspaPL. > vOj;jhsu; $l;LwTg; gjpg;gfk;
nfhz;bUe;j ,yq;if Kw;Nghf;F 2. vjpu;fhyr;rpj;jd; ghly; - mNkrd; > 1989
vOj;jhsu; rq;fkhtJ ,t;tplaj;jpy; fpz;by; kpd;D}y; gjpg;G. gjpTfs;. 9. m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; gilg;Gfs;
Mo;e;j ftdk; nrYj;jNtz;Lk;" fhk; ntspaPL. gw;wpa nry;tp [{thdh (aho;
vd;Wk; ntspg;gLj;Jthu;. 3. ehd; Vd; vOJfpNwd;?: gy;fiyf;fofk;) Ma;Tf;fl;Liu.
md;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; fl;Liuj; njhFg;G! 10. ftpij - fe;jDld; rpy fzq;fs;
ntspte;j jkpoKJ vd;DNkhu; - - mNkrd fpz;by; kpd;D}y; gjpg;G. (tPuNfrup) - rpy;iyA+u; nry;tuhrd;.
rpw;wpjopd; Mrpupauhd rutizA+u; gjpTfs;.fhk; ntspaPL. 11. m.e.fe;jrhkpapd; kdf;fz; ehty;!
kzpNrfud; jdJ 'm.e.f.Tk; mtu; Xu; mwpKfk;! - t.e.fpupjud; (ofuk;>
rpU\;bfSk;" vd;Dk; Mrpupaj; E}YUg;ngwhj ehty;fs; gjpTfs;)
jiyaq;fj;jpy; mtu; rhFk;NghJk; 12. gQ;rhl;ru ru;khtpd; gQ;rh\
,yf;fpag; ngU%r;R tpl;Lj;jhd; 1. kdf;fz; (jpdfudpy; ntspte;j ehty; uk; (E}y;)
,we;jhu;. mtiur; re;jpf;fg; - E}yhf ,d;Dk; ntspahftpy;iy. 13. m.e.f.tpd; fl;Liufs;> ftpijfs;>
Nghdhy; ve;j NeuKk; vq;fNshL Mdhy; kpd;D}yhf ntspte;Js;sJ. fijfs; ntspahd gjpTfs;.fhk;
Ngrpf;nfhs;tJ jkpo; ,yf;fpak;jhd;. gjpTfs; ,iza ,jopYk; njhluhf 14.1951,y; m.e.f Rje;jpudpd;
mtu; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;Jf;fhf jd; kPs;gpuRukhfpAs;sJ. Mrpupag;gPlj;jpypUe;jNghJ
cly;> nghUs;> Mtp mj;jidAk; 2. eheh (nkhopngau;g;G> gpnuQ;R vOjpa fl;Liufs;> ftpijfs; >
mu;g;gzpj;jhu;. V FspiffNs! vOj;jhsuhd vkpyp Nrhyhtpd; nkhopngau;g;G ehty;
r%fj;Jf;fhf mtu; rpU\;bj;jtu;. Gjpdk;> Rje;jpudpy; mf;Nlhgu;
123 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
#ikf;*
nkhfd;fs;>
nguW"q fy;yhepjp fpa{wpa!; $p

fHp"q kD=;ag[j;jpud; rkPgj;jpy; mjdhy; vd;d? Fwpg;ghf ftpijfisj; J}f;fpf; bfhz;L
nkilfspy; ciuahw;Wfpwtqfs; ,Ue;jhy;. tupfis Kwpj;J. miytJ. vd;idg; nghd;w ntyp
jUk; Jd;g';fs; Fwpj;J bgh';fpf; thrpj;j neu Kj;jpiuiaf; Fj;jpf; gha[k; nt';iffSf;Fr; rpupg;ghfj;
FKwpapUe;jhq/ jd; nky; ikay; bfhs;s ntz;oaJ jhd;/ jhd; ,Uf;Fk;/
bfhz;l bgz; xUtq jd; me;jf; fhjyp fpilf;fhky; mJt[k; rup jhd;/
fpw';f itf;Fk; ngr;irf; nfl;ff; nghdjhy; mtUf;Fk;. ,jak; eh';fs; Fk;gplh
fhj;jpUe;J rypj;Jg; ngha;. vGe;J vy;yhk; Rf;FE}whfp bgupa tpl;lhYk;///
nghd fLg;gpy;. me;jf; fhjiy ghjpg;g[ vJt[k; epfH;e;J tplt[k; fpU=;zUf;fhf xU kjnk
epiwntw Koahky; jLj;jhl; nghtJkpy;iy/ ,Uf;fpwJ/
bfhz;l. #,d;Dk; xd;iw kl;Lk; me;j Kd;D}w;wp VHhtJ fpilj;j mupa re;jqg;gj;ij
Twpf; bfhz;L. vdJ ciuia fhjypf;fhf xU epidt[f; eGt tplf; TlhJ vd;gjw;fhfnt.
Koj;Jf; bfhs;s tpUk;g[fpnwd;* ftpijia vGjp tpl;L. Kd;D} ngr epidj;jij vy;yhk;
vd;W Kg;gj;jp VHhtJ jlitahf w;W vl;lhtjw;F neu Kj;jpiuia ngrpKof;fhky; ,w';fhj mst[f;F
cWjp bkhHp tH';fpa xU ehtynuW J}f;f ntz;oaJ jhd;/ ,';nf ikf; kPJ nkhfk; bfhz;l
gw;wpf; bfhjpg;gile;jpUe;jhq/ xU fhjy; fpilf;f nkhfd;fs; Vuhsk;/
mJ neu Kj;jpiu ntz;oj; jtk; ,Uf;fpwtqfSk;. nkhfpfs; bgUk;ghYk;
“
Fj;jg;gl;l ftpijah. Fwpg;gh xnu xU fhjiy itj;Jf; bfhz;L Fiwt[ jhd;/
vd;gJ "hgfk; ,y;iy/ my;yy;gLfpwtqfSk; mtUila ,g;go ePl;o
KHf;Ffpwtqfs; Fwpj;J xU
bkhf;if n$hf; cz;L/
jkpHqfSf;F flidnah ikf;ifnah nkilapy; ngrpf;
bfhLf;ff; TlhJ/ bfhz;oUe;jtUf;F. mtUila
kidtp KISS vd;W Jz;L vGjp
mDg;gpajhy; mtq ngr;ir
#jhwk;. jhwk;* vd;W brhy;thqfns jtpu. ghjpapy; epWj;jpajhf M';fpy n$hf;
junt khl;lhqfs;/ bfhLj;j eh';fns bf";rp xd;Wz;L/
Keep It Simple, Stupid!.
kd;who th';fpdhy; jhd; cz;L/ ,e;j Jd;gk; v';fs; g[yd;
bgaqe;j jkpHqfspd; nkilfspy;
mjpYk; bfhLj;j Money I jpUk;g th';f jhd; vd;W jhd; ehspJ tiu
epidj;jpUe;njd;/ ,e;j tpahjp
Koe;jhYk;. ikf;if th';FtJ vd;gJ
“ xl;Lbkhj;j jkpHqfSf;FkhdJ
jiyahy; kz; fpz;Lk; Kaw;rp/ jhd; nghypUf;fpwJ/
jkpH;ehl;oy; nkilfspy;
epfGk; ,e;jj; Jd;gpay;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 124
rk;gt';fs; vy;yhk; mJ gw;wp

tUk; Clfr; bra;jpfspy;.
vol;lqfshy; btl;of; fgsPfuk;
gz;zg;gl;oUf;ff;
vd;gjhy;. g[yd; bgaqe;j vdf;F
TLk;
“
Mdhy;. vdf;F rigg; gz;g[ bjupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy/
btspaPl;L tpHhtpw;F miHj;jhy;. me;j vGj;jhsiu.

me;jr; bra;jpfs; &yhyhfnt mtq jhd; cyfj;jpy; rpwe;j vGj;jhsq. mLj;j ,ay;
,Ue;jd/ tpUJ mz;zDf;Fj; jhd; bfhLf;fg;gl ntz;Lk; vd;W
,e;j Jd;gj;jpdhy; g[fH;e;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;/ mijj; jtpu ntW vija[k;
jhd; Kd;g[ xU Kiw ngRtjw;fhf m';F ahUk; miHf;fg;gLtjpy;iy/
mij xU nkilapnyna
brhy;ypapUf;fpnwd;/ mt;thW g[fH;e;J ngrpf; bfhz;oUe;jhy;. mtqfns
jkpHqfSf;F flidnah
ikf;ifnah bfhLf;ff; TlhJ/
#jhwk;. jhwk;* vd;W brhy;thqfns
“
nrhlht[k; bfhz;L te;J jUthqfs;/
jtpu. junt khl;lhqfs;/

bfhLj;j eh';fns bf";rp kd;who ntz;Lk; vd;W g[fH;e;jpUf;f ehd; Mqtj;njhL ghqf;Fk;
th';fpdhy; jhd; cz;L/ ntz;Lk;/ mijj; jtpu ntW fiyg;gl';fSf;F mtqfis
mjpYk; bfhLj;j Money I vija[k; ngRtjw;fhf m';F ahUk; miHj;Jr; brd;wija[k; gw;wpr;
jpUk;g th';f Koe;jhYk;. ikf;if miHf;fg;gLtjpy;iy/ brhd;dJk;. gj;jfj;jpy; ,Ue;j.
th';FtJ vd;gJ jiyahy; kz; mt;thW g[fH;e;J ngrpf; rpdpkh gw;wpa bgUk; fUj;J.
fpz;Lk; Kaw;rp/ bfhz;oUe;jhy;. mtqfns jut[g; gpiH xd;iwr; Rl;of;
,ij v';nf brhd;ndd; nrhlht[k; bfhz;L te;J fhl;oaJk;. jhafj;jpy; vGjpa
vd;why;/// jUthqfs;/ me;j vGj;jhsq jdJ g[j;jfj;jpy;.
ehd; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;j #,d;bdhd;iwf; Twpf; jhd; vGjpa btspaPLfspd;
jhafk; gj;jpupifapy; vGjpa bfhz;L vdJ ciuia Koj;Jf; bgaqfspy; jhafj;ijj;
vGj;jhsq xUtupd; rpdpkh bfhs;s tpUk;g[fpnwd;* vd;W jtpqj;jpUe;jijr; brhd;dJk;
tpkqrd';fs; ml';fpa. fhyr;RtL brhy;y ntz;oa fl;lhaKk; fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;gij
btspapl;l. g[j;jf btspaPl;L vy;yhk; ,y;iy/// ek;ghky; ,Uf;f tpUk;g[fpnwd;/
tpHh xd;wpy; ngr miHj;jpUe;j me;jg; g[j;jfj;ij kw;Wk;go. vd;idg;
nghJ brhd;ndd;/ thrpj;jpUf;f ntz;oa fl;lhak; gw;wpj; bjupe;J. ehd; vijg;
(mfH; kpd;dpjGf;F ,y;yhj khjpup> gw;wpg; ngRntd; vd;Wk; bjupe;J.
tH';fpa neqfhzypYk; kw;Wk;go. btspaPl;L vijg; gw;wpg; ngr ntz;Lk; vd;W
brhy;ypapUf;fpnwd;/ #ehDk; tpHht[f;fhd miHg;g[fs; vy;yhnk mwpt[Wj;jYk; ,d;wp. a[j;jk; Koe;j
xU ahH;g;ghzp/ ehd; brhy;y Kjy; gpujpf;F bkha;nahL gpd;dhy;. ez;gq fw;Rwh elj;jpa
ntz;oaijr; brhy;yp Kof;Fk; tUk;goahd miHg;g[fs; jhd;/ #gd;Kfbtsp* epfH;tpy;. ,e;j
tiuf;Fk; ikf;ifj; jpUg;gpj; ju bkha; vGJnthUf;F. a[j;jk; Koe;j gpd;dhy; ,y';ifj;
khl;nld;>*) tila[k; Oa[k; ,ytrk;> jkpHpdk; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;
miHj;j nghJ Tl. ,e;j rigg; gz;g[ vd;gijg; gw;wp epfH;j;jpa ciu
g[j;jfk; rpdpkh gw;wpaJ. ehd; bjupahjjhy;. mtqfns ehd; jhd; ,d;iwf;F mknrhd; fpz;oy;
g[j;jfk; gw;wpg; ngr khl;nld;. ngrpa ngr;ir ,ilapy; btspaPlhf te;jpUf;Fk;. #mHpe;Jk;
ePz;l ciuahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W epWj;Jk;go Jz;ilf; bfhz;L mHpa kWf;Fk; ahH;g;ghzk;>*/
brhy;ypa[k; ,Ue;njd;/ mjw;fhd te;J je;jnjhL. vdJ ngUiu me;j ePz;l ciuia.
ePz;l jahupg;g[fnshL. xU ghjpapy; ,dpnj epiwt[ bgw;wJ/ Fiwe;j mstpyhapDk;
btw;wpfukhd rpdpkhtpw;F vdnt. Jz;L te;jpUe;njhq Mqtj;njhLk;
vd;d mk;r';fs; vy;yhk; ,Uf;f mDg;gp Koj;J itf;Fk; bghWiknahLk; nfl;Lf;
ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wpa ciu ghuk;gupaj;jpd;go. me;jg; ngUiu bfhz;oUe;jhqfs;/
xd;iw epfH;;j;jpapUe;njd;/ ,ilapy; epWj;jg;gl ntz;o ,ijj; jhd; naR fpwp!;J
Mdhy;. vdf;F rigg; te;jjw;F. me;j vGj;jhsUf;F brhd;dhq/
gz;g[ bjupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy/ Kd;gpUe;nj. jhafj;jpy; ehd; gd;wpfspd; Kd;
btspaPl;L tpHhtpw;F M';fpyk; kw;Wk; gpwbkhHp cyf Kj;Jf;fis tPrhjPqfs;>
miHj;jhy;. me;j vGj;jhsiu. rpdpkh gw;wpa tpkqrd';fs; ,Ue;jhYk;. me;jg; g[j;jf
mtq jhd; cyfj;jpy; rpwe;j vGjpaijg; gw;wpa[k;. mtUk; btspaPl;oy; Mw;wpa (my;yJ
vGj;jhsq. mLj;j ,ay; tpUJ mtuJ ez;gUk; vd;idf; Mw;w Kw;gl;l>) ciu. gpd;dq
mz;zDf;Fj; jhd; bfhLf;fg;gl nfl;Lf; bfhz;ljw;F ,z';f. jhafk; ,izaj; jsj;jpy;
125 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
btspahfpapUf;fpwJ/ gpd;dhy; bfhz;oUf;fpwhq vd;gJ jhd; jk;gp///uhd; g[z;zpak; vd;W

mgj;jj;jpYk; mijg; gpuRupg;gjhf tuyhw;wpd; Kuz;eifr; RHw;rp> capiuf; fhj;Jf; bfhz;ltqfs;
cj;njrk;/ gpd;dq #mz;iz mor;Rg; gyq/
Tj;Jfspy;. fhl;rp kw;Wk; gwpg;ghq* <Hj;jpy; ikf; nkhfd;fs; mtqfs; vy;yhk;. #eP';fSk;
cil khw;w';fspd; nghJ. jpiuf;F kiwe;J tpl;ldq/ xUf;fh mz;iz. jsgjp. gpujpj;
Kd;dhy; epd;W bghGijg; nghf;f ,j;jid mz;zd;khq jiytiug; gw;wp ehY trdk;
itf;Fk; fijf;F rk;ge;jkpy;yhj ifapy; ,Ue;j ikf;Ffs; vy;yhk; ngR';nfh* vd;W ePl;Lk;nghJ.
tpJ}=fqfs; neuj;ijg; xU mz;zd; ifapy; ,Ue;j ikf;ifj; th';fpf; bfhs;tijna
nghf;fof;f tUtJz;L/ Jg;ghf;fpiaf; fz;L/// mupfz;l. vkfz;lj; Jd;gkhf
gpd;dq. murpay; Nupa njtidf; fz;l epidj;jpUf;ff; TLk;/
nkilfspy; gpurhug; gPu';fpfs; gdpad;fshfpdq> tha; jtwp vijahtJ
M';fh';nf nkilfspy; Fz;L ikf; gpoj;J cRg;ngj;jpa brhy;yg; nghdhy;///
tPr;R elj;jp. rpWtqfshd murpay;thjpfs; vy;yhk; xd;wpy;. kpd; fk;g';fSf;Ff; fPnHna
eh';fs; kzypy; J}';fp tHpe;J kz;ilapy; nghlg;gl;lhqfs;/ jhd; Tl;lnk elf;fpwJ/
bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghJ te;J nrUk; my;yJ ikf;iff; fhQk; KfhKf;F bfhz;L ngha;
tiuf;Fk;. rpupf;f itf;Fk; cs;:Sq nghbjy;yhk;. gpr;ir ntz;lhk;. tprhupf;f ntz;oa f=;lKk;
nfhtpy; nks';fis rpWtajpy; ikf;ifg; gpo vd;W jiybjwpf;f ,y;iy/
fz;lJz;L/ XoapUg;ghqfs;/ me;j kpd;fk;gj;jpnyna
jkpHuRf; fl;rp nkilfspy; thiaj; jpwe;jhy; bto fl;o. bew;wpapy; ,uj;j jpyfKk;
,jw;fhf xU jdp ,uhQtg; tpGk; vd;w epiyapy;. ikf;iff; itj;J tpLthqfs;/
gpupnt ,Ue;jJ/ me;jf; fhyj;jpy; bfhLj;jhYk;. gpr;ir ntz;lhk;. ,jdhy; mz;izapd;
K/jpUeht[f;fuR vd;W xU ehiag; gpo vd;W jiybjwpf;f ifapy; Jg;ghf;fpa[k;. &p/// &p///
rl;lj;juzp eifr;Ritahfg; XLfpd;w epiy/ nghuhl;lk; jkpH;rb; ry;td;. ghnya;'f ; k; ifapy;
ngRthq/ czqr;rp bfhe;jspf;fg; elf;Fk; nghJ ahH;g;ghzpf;F ikf;Fkhfj; jhd; nghuhl;lk;
ngrp. ,uj;jj; jpyfk; itf;f fk;gurk; gUf;fpa thupjp. #eh';fs; ele;jJ>
cRg;ngj;jpa kw;wg; ngr;rhsqfs; capiuf; FLj;Jg; nghuhLwk;. gpwF g[yd; bgaqe;j
ngrpabjy;yhk; gpd;dhspy; vdf;F cdf;F fk;gurk; nff;Fnjh?* ehLfspy; ,e;j ikf; nkhfk; jdpg;
eifr;Ritahfj; jhd; njhd;wpaJ/ vd;W kpul;o tpul;lg;gl;ljhf gupkhzk; vLj;jJ/ ghuhl;L
kuk; gGj;jhy; btsthy; fij/ tpHhf;fs;;. btspaPl;L tpHhf;fs;.
tUk;> MdhYk;. fpl;L. khj;jah. epidt[ jpd';fs; vd;bwy;yhk;
vy;yh nkilfspYk; gpughfud; vd;W me;je;jf; Muk;gpj;jd/
,tqfs; ngRtJ xd;iwj; jhd;/ fhy';fspy; Jg;ghf;fpnahL tpLjiy bgw;W. thiaj;
m';nf fhtYf;F epw;Fk; ,Ue;jtqfSf;Fg; ghog; guprpy; jpwe;J. Rje;jpuf; fhw;iw Rthrpf;Fk;
bghyprhUf;F rthy;. rp';fstqfs; bgw Koah tpl;lhYk;. bfhLj;j epiyf;F ahH;g;ghzpfs;
gw;wpa bkhf;(F)if n$hf;Ffs; ikf;fpy; ehY thqj;ij brhy;yp. te;jhqfs;/
“
vd. ,e;j ahH;g;ghzpg; g[j;jprPtpfs; nkilapy; cte;jspj;j #jkpHPH gpwbfd;d? th';fpa fld;
tpshRthqfs;/ kz; Kog;nghL* jiy jg;gpaJ. khjpup. ikf;Fk;///>
#funfh=k; tpz;izg;
gpsf;Fk;>* mtqfs; vy;yhk;. #eP';fSk; xUf;fh mz;iz. jsgjp.
ek;g[';fs;. ehis jkpHPHk;
kyUk; vd;W ek;gj; bjhl';fpa
gpujpj; jiytiug; gw;wp ehY trdk; ngR';nfh* vd;W
fhyk;/ ,e;jg; ngr;Rf;fshnyna ePl;Lk;nghJ. ikf;ifj; th';fpf; bfhs;tijna mupfz;l.
I/ehtpy; <Hk; fpilf;Fk; vd;W vkfz;lj; Jd;gkhf epidj;jpUf;ff; TLk;/
ek;gpa fhyk;/
,d;iwa mz;zd; fhrp tha; jtwp vijahtJ brhy;yg; nghdhy;///
ftpij ntW ghLthq/ mz;zp
ntW csk; cUft[k; ghLthq/ kpd; fk;g';fSf;Ff; fPnHna jhd; Tl;lnk elf;fpwJ/
Kg;gJ taJ mz;zd; KfhKf;F bfhz;L ngha; tprhupf;f ntz;oa
fhrpf;fhf. Kg;gjhz;L f=;lKk; ,y;iy/
murpay; uh$Jiuiag; gifj;j
mkpqjyp';fj;ijf;
Kg;gJ taJg;
bfhd;w
gpughfuDf;F
fhrp jw;nghJ capqg;g[ mspf;Fk;
“
me;j kpd;fk;gj;jpnyna fl;o.
bew;wpapy; ,uj;j jpyfKk; itj;J tpLthqfs;/
vGg;g[jy; Tl;lk; elj;jpf;
mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023 126
Mdhy;. g[ypthy;fs;
vy;yhk; ,e;j ikf;Ffs; gw;wp
mf;fiwg;glhky; cz;oaypnyna
fz;zhf ,Ue;jhqfs;/ ,jdhy;
rpy nfhtpy; nks';fs; jtpu. m';F
“
,g;go ,yf;fpafhuqfs;
ikf;ifnah. #O
Fof;f gj;J :Ugh
filrpapy; j';fs;
,we;jijf; fz;L nfl;L. mH
jiytd;
Koahky; tpf;fpj;Jg; ngha;. xg;ghup

itj;jija[k; fhQk; ghf;fpak;
v';fSf;F vy;yhk; fpilj;jJ/
ngr;rhsqfs; vd;W ,Ue;jjhf fpilf;Fkh. g[nuh>?* ,e;j tuyhw;Wr; RHw;rp
epidtpy;iy/ vd;W flidnah Kuz;eifiabay;yhk; itj;J
g[ypthy;fSk; vd;d jhafk; ,izaj; jsj;jpy;
itr;Rf; bfhz;lh t";rfk; th';Ftjpnyh. VL ,l;nlhq ,ay; Tl
gz;zpdhqfs;? thiaj; jpwe;jhy;. #,d;bdhd;iw kl;Lk; vGjpapUe;njd;/
bghd;bkhHpfs; cjpqf;Fk; ,af;fg; Twpf; bfhz;L. ed;wp jkpH;ehl;oy; ikf;ifj; J}
ghzpapy; mtqfSk; ciuahw;w tzf;fk; Twp tpil f;FtJ vd;gJ ,g;gobay;yhk;
g[wg;gl;lhy;/// g[/// vd;gijj; jtpu jiy nghfpw gpur;ridahf
ntW vJt[k; thapy; te;jpUf;fhJ/
bgWk; tiuf;Fk; bgUk;ghYk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy/
kw;Wk;go. xw;iwf; ifia ikf;ifj; ju khl;nlhk;* fl;rpfs; khw;WKfhk;
be";rpYk; kw;wf; ifahy; &pl;yq vd;W brhy;tjpnyh nfhl;ilfSf;Fs; jhf;fg;
rY}l;Lk; moj;J. njrpf;fha; vdf;F ve;jg; gl;oUf;fyhk;/ rpy neu';fspy;
jiyaUf;F gpukhzpf;f gpur;rida[k; ,y;iy/ btl;Lf; bfhj;Jfspy; Tl
cWjpbkhHp vLf;Fk; nghJ kl;Lk; Koe;jpUf;fyhk;/
,tqfs; thiaj; jpwe;jpUf;ff; my;yJ ,yf;fpaf; Tl;l';fspy;
TLk;/ te;jpUf;Fk; jqk mo ele;jjhff;
,e;j ,yf;fpar; Mqtyqfis tpl. nfs;tpg;gl;lJz;L/
brk;ky;fspd; tpHhf;fs; jhd; nkilapy; mjpfkhndhq ,yf;fpafhuqfs; Mr;nr>?
bfh";rk; NL gpoj;J. jiytq
bgz; ftqe;j g[';FLjPitg; #bgz;
bfhL jPt[* Mf;fpa jpU kpUf
“
,Ug;gJ Tl vdf;Fg;
gpur;ridapy;iy/
jdpj;J mwpf;if tplg; gae;J
Kfhk;fspd; ghJfhg;g[f;F
kj;jpapy;. kj;jpa FG Tl;lwpf;if
fpUghde;j thupahqfs; bfh";r tpl;l gHf;fkhf ,Uf;ff; TLk;/
ehs; mkqf;fsk; bra;jhqfs;/ Koe;jJ/ ,g;go ,yf;fpafhuqfs;
,jpy; ,e;j bgz; bfhL m';nf ngrpa ikf;ifnah. #O Fof;f gj;J
jPt[ tpw;gd;dqfspd; tuyhW mkpqjyp';fj;jpd; beU';fpa :Ugh fpilf;Fkh. g[nuh>?* vd;W
vdf;Fj; bjupe;jjhy; ,e;jf; rfhthd xU rl;lj;juzp. flidnah th';Ftjpnyh.
fhyf; bfhLikia kwe;J nghf #vd; jiytd; ,we;J tpl;lhd;. #,d;bdhd;iw kl;Lk; Twpf;
Koatpy;iy/ mtid epidj;J mGtjw;f bfhz;L. ed;wp tzf;fk; Twp
g[ypfshy; mkpqjyp';fk; cupik jhU';fs;* vd;W mGjgo tpil bgWk; tiuf;Fk; ikf;ifj;
bfhy;yg;gl;l nghJ. fdlhtpy; me;jf; fhilaqfis ahrpj;j ju khl;nlhk;* vd;W brhy;tjpnyh
m";rypf; Tl;lk; ele;jJ/ jhafk; bfhLika[k; vd; fz;fis tpl;L vdf;F ve;jg; gpur;rida[k;
KjyhtJ ,jH; mg;nghJ jhd; ,d;dKk; mfytpy;iy/ ,y;iy/
btspte;jpUe;jJ/ vdnt. ehDk; m';nf ngrpf; bfhz;oUe;j my;yJ te;jpUf;Fk;
tpHht[f;Fg; nghapUe;njd;/ g[ypf; jkpHuRf; fl;rpapd; gpurhug; Mqtyqfis tpl. nkilapy;
fhilaqfs; gpd;dhy; epd;W. gPu';fpahf ,Ue;j rl;lj;juzpfspy; mjpfkhndhq ,Ug;gJ Tl
ciu epfH;j;jpatqfisa[k;. xUtq. gpd;dhy; ,Ue;j vdf;Fg; gpur;ridapy;iy/
m";ryp brYj;j te;jtqfisa[k; fhilaq Tl;lj;ijg; ghqj;J. Mdhy;. ikf;if
kpul;Lk; njhuizapy; tpy;ydpd; #,is"qfns. c';fisj; th';fpat[ld; jd;Dila
moahl;fs; nghy ghqj;Jf; jhd; ek;gpapUf;fpnwhk;* vd;W mjpnkjhtpj; jdj;ij
bfhz;oUe;jhqfs;/ kd;whl;lkhff; nfl;Lf; m';fPfupj;Jj; jhd; me;j ikf;. xU
m';nfa[k; ikf; gpoj;jy; bfhz;lhq/ tpUJ nghy. tH';fg;gl;oUg;gJ
vd;gJ mupfz;l. vkfz;lkhfj; gpd;dhspy; mnj mtq nghyt[k;. jdf;F vy;yhk;
jhd; ,Ue;jJ/ btspna te;jhy; jhd;. #bgz; bfhL jPt[* bgUik bjupa[k;. jd;Dila ngr;Rf;F
mo tpGk; vd;w epiyik jhd; ngrpf; bfhz;oUe;jtq/ kWngr;rpy;iy vd;gJ nghyt[k;
md;iwf;F ,Ue;jJ/ ,g;go nkilf;Fj; jFe;j gPyh tpLtJ jhd; vdf;F fLg;g[
ikf; nkhfd;fSf;F Cupy; khjpup gpnsl;il khw;wpg; ghLk; Vw;Wfpw tplak;/
kz;ilapy; nghlg;glyhk; vd;w ikf; nkhfd;fSk; csq/ 2023 jkpH;ehl;L ,yf;fpaj;
epiyik. fdlhtpy; ,Ul;lo ,e;jf; bfhLikfs; ele;J. jpUtpHh. g[j;jfr; re;ijapy;. g[yd;
tpHyhk; vd;w epiyikf;F te;J bgaq ,yf;fpak; gw;wp. v';fs;
127 mgj;jk; g';Fdp. 2023
,yf;fpa nkjFf;fs; Mw;wpa myg;giwfs; tuyhW Mtjw;fhd ToaJ/

ciuiag; ghqj;njd;/ fhuzkhf ,dpa[k; ,Uf;fg; mija[k; tpl. nfl;gtd;
ehd; jhnd #cbjy;yhk; nghtjpy;iy/ nfdad; vd;w fzf;fpy;. nfl;fg;
ghqg;gjpy;iy. ghqf;f khl;nld;* Kg;gJ tUlj;jpy; mWgJngupy;iy vd;w epidg;nghL.
vd;W tpujnkh. tPurgjnkh ,';nf ehk jhd; vy;yhk; nghd;w
gpujpfs; tpl;L ,yf;fpak; bra;j
gpof;fhjtd;/ ,ijbay;yhk; fijfisa[k;
xUtq. tUlj;jpw;F 52 gpujpfs; mtpH;j;J tpl
ghqf;fhtpl;lhy;. vdf;F vd;W Ie;J itf;ff; ToaJ/
tUl';fSf;Fj;
vGJtjw;fhd fUg;bghUl;fs; bjhlqe;J gj;jpupif. r";rpif Kd;bgy;yhk; ,g;gog;gl;l
v';nfapUe;J tUk;? btspapl;l vd;id. xU
ciufs; epfH;e;jhy;. tpfldpnyh.
bfhLf;fg;gl;l ,UgJ fk;gpa{l;lq itj;jpUe;j rpd;dg;
FKjj;jpnyh. tUlj;jpw;F
epkplj;ijf; Tlg; gad;gLj;jhky;. igad; vd;Wk;. vdf;F jhd; jhd;
,uz;L Kiw tUk; VjhtJ xU
bgUe;jd;iknahL ,uj;jpdr; tHp fhl;oa khjpupahft[k;. gpwF
fhyhz;ojHpnyh. vol;lqfshy;
RUf;fkhg; ngrp Koj;jJ tHp jtwpa ML khjpup ntw khjpupg;
btl;of; fgsPfuk; gz;zg;gl;L.
mtqfspd; mitalf;fk; ngha; tpl;lJ vd;Wk; m';nf cg;g[. g[sp nrqj;J #jpuz;oUe;j
vd;bwy;yhk; eP';fs; tpahf;fpahdk; mtpH;j;J tpl;lhq ,y;iyah>? ,yf;fpa Mqtyqfspd; tpz;iz
bfhLf;fj; njitapy;iy/ mJ jhd; Kl;Lk; gyj;j funfh=';fSf;F
,e;j
ifapUg;g[ mt;tst[jhd;/ ikf;if ifapy; Ve;jpat[ld; kj;jpapy; g[yd; bgaq
g[yd; bgaq ,yf;fpak; moj;J tpLtjw;F ,e;j ikf; ,yf;fpa ,ka';fs; ngUiu
vd;why; eh';fs; jhnd>? nkhfd;fSf;F fpilf;Fk;
epfH;j;jpdhqfs;* vd;W bra;jp
g[jpjhfr; brhy;y vJt[k; ,y;iy> Jzpr;ry;/ te;jpUf;f. gpukpj;Jg; g[y;yupj;Jg;
g[yd; bgaq ,yf;fpak; gw;wp ahH;g;ghz nghapUg;nghk;/
bkhHpapy;
ey;ybjhU MHkhd mwpKfj;ijj; brhd;dhy;/// ,g;nghJ ,e;j cUl;L
je;jpUf;ff; Toa re;jqg;gk; mJ/ vy;yhk; fhyk; jhd;> cy;lhf;fisbay;yhk; cyfpd;
mij ve;j tpj jahupg;g[k; ,y;yhky; kWgf;fj;jpypUe;J neuoahfnt
ikf; vd;gJ jiyia tP';f
brhjg;gpapUe;jhqfs;/ itf;Fk; nghijt!;J/ ghqf;Fk; mst[f;F. fhyk;
vd;idg; nghy xU jd; epiy khwp tpl;lJ vd;w cz;ik
mwpahky;
“
ngUiunahL nghapUe;jhy; Tl g[yk;gt[k; gpjw;wt[k; itf;ff;
,tqfSf;Fj; bjupatpy;iy
ahUk; Jz;nlhL te;J jLj;jhl; vd;gJ jhd; ,d;iwa gupjhgk;/
bfhz;oUf;f khl;lhqfs;/ mbjy;yhk; fplf;f.
Vbddpy;. g[yd; Kg;gJ tUlj;jpy; ,d;bdhU tplaj;ij kl;Lk; Twp
bgaqe;j ,yf;fpak; m';fPfhu'; mWgJ gpujpfs; tpl;L vdJ ciuia Koj;Jf; bfhs;s
fSf;fhfnth. g[spr;ry; Vg;gk; ,yf;fpak; bra;j xUtq. tpUk;g[fpnwd;/
tpLtjw;fhfnth bjhl';fg;gl;l tUlj;jpw;F 52 gpujpfs; jdJ fhjy;.
xd;wy;y/ vd;W Ie;J tUl';fSf;Fj; bkhl; o apnyna fUfpg; nghdjhy;
xU ,dj;jpd; vjpqfhyk; bjhlqe;J gj;jpupif. JaUw;w kD=;ag[j;jpud; jdf;F
Ndpakhf;fg;gl nghfpd;wJ r";rpif btspapl;l Kd;dhy; ngrp. neuj;ijf;
vd;w cz;ikia. bfhiyg; vd;id. xU fk;gpa{l;lq flj; j patqfisj; jpl; o apUe;jhq
gaKWj;jy;fSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; ,y;iyah>?
brhy;tjw;fhfj; bjhl';fpaJ/
itj;jpUe;j rpd;dg; igad; mtq bjhiyf;fhl;rpfspy;
tpiyahf capqfisa[k; vd;Wk;. vdf;F jhd; jhd; jpKf gpurhug; gPu';fpahf
thH;t[fisa[k; bfhLj;Jj; jhd; tHp fhl;oa khjpupahft[k;. te;J mUs; ghypg;gijg; gw;wp
mij Kd;bdLf;f Koe;jJ/ gpwF tHp jtwpa ML ,iza cld;gpwg;g[ xd;W
me;j Kd;fijr; RUf;fj;ij khjpup ntw khjpupg; gjptpl;oUe;jij. vdJ ng!;g[f;
kl;Lnk bfhLj;jpUe;jhy;. ngha; tpl;lJ vd;Wk; md;g[ xd;W gfpqe;jpUe;jij
cl;fhqe;jpUe;jtqfs; gpukpg;nghL m';nf mtpH;j;J tpl;lhq ng!;g[f;fpy; ghqj;njd;/
,Ue;jpUf;ff; TLk;/ ,y;iyah>? #mj;jid jpKf
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