Smart Edu 821 Research and Statistics Course Note

ADVANCED STATISTICAL METHODS
IN (VOCATIONAL/TECHNOLOGY) EDUCATION
EDU 821
SMART EFE
M.PHIL
LECTURER: PROF. I. OGUNDU
IGNATIUS AJURU UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
NDELE CAMPUS, EAST WEST ROAD
RIVERS STATE
TAKE HOME WORK-1
23/11/ 2020
QUESTION 4: The data below shows the expenditure of a female for a particular day.
S/N ITEM AMOUNT (₦)

1 Rice 120
2 Yam 100
3 Beans 60
4 Vegetables 140
5 Meat 180
6 Sugar 40
7 Palm oil 80
Display the information using: (a) Bar Chart, (b) Pie Chart
Answer:
(a) Bar Chart
(b) Pie Chart
1
QUESTION 5: The data below shows the marks distribution scored by 50 students in a statistics test.
27 36 38 16 15 39 46 17 45 47
28 16 36 64 38 44 13 24 15 29
12 27 57 58 48 26 39 23 37 36
29 36 12 15 42 28 15 52 28 82
14 18 29 56 82 71 62 42 51 37
Using class interval 10-20, 21-30…. Prepare;
(a) Frequency table
(b) Bar Chart
(c) Histogram for the data
ANSWER
(a) Frequency table
Marks Mid-Point Frequency

10-20 15.0 12
21-30 25.5 11
31-40 35.5 10
41-50 45.5 7
51-60 55.5 5
61-70 65.5 2
71-80 75.5 1
81-90 85.5 2
2
(b) Bar Chart
Histogram
Chapter 7, QUESTION 5: The table below shows the marks of 330 students of management science of
one of the tertiary institutions in Rivers state.
Marks 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
No. of students 4 10 23 48 86 74 40 27 12 6
3
ANSWER
(a) State the modal mark (Take this as the middle mark of the modal class)
Marks Mid-Point Frequency (x) Fx

0-9 4.5 4 18
10-19 14.5 10 145
20-29 24.5 23 564
30-39 34.5 48 1656
40-49 44.5 86 3827
50-59 54.5 74 4033
60-69 64.5 40 2580
70-79 74.5 27 2012
80-89 84.5 12 1014
90-99 94.5 6 567
𝑓𝑥
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐿1 𝐶
𝑓𝑥 𝑓𝑦
Where L1 = Lower boundary of the class with the highest frequency; 39.5
Fx = Difference between the frequencies of the modal class above it; 86-48 = 38
Fy = Difference between the frequencies of the modal class after it; 86-74 = 12
C = Class width; 10
38
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 39.5 ∗ 10
38 12
38
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 39.5 ∗ 10
50
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 39.5 0.76 ∗ 10
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 47
4
(b) Calculate the mean and the median marks
i. 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ ∑
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅
𝑥̅ 50
ii. Calculate the median mark
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ 165𝑡ℎ
From the cumulative frequency, the 165th member is found within cumulative column of 171 and this falls
under 40-49 marks.
Therefore, the median mark = 45.
(c) What is the least mark a student should obtain to be in in the 50% of the group?
The least mark is 49.5% which is 50%.
(d) Show that mean – mode 3
Mean = 50, Mode = 47 therefore, 50-47 = 3
(e) Draw the Histogram of the distribution, marking the positions of the three measures, mean, mode and
median.
5
Chapter 7, QUESTION 6: The table below shows the marks of test two of the same group of students.
Marks 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100
F1 1 2 1 2 3 7 11 13 9 1
F2 1 1 2 4 5 8 9 10 6 4
Frequency Table
Marks Mid-Point F1 F2 F1X1 F2X2 Cumulative F1X1 Cumulative F2X2

1-10 5.5 1 1 5.5 5.5 1 1
11-20 15.5 2 1 31 15.5 1+2=3 1+1=2
21-30 25.5 1 2 25.5 51 1+3=4 2+2=4
31-40 35.5 2 4 71 142 2+4=6 4+4=8
41-50 45.5 3 5 136.5 227.5 3+6=9 5+8=13
51-60 55.5 7 8 388.5 444 7+9=16 8+13=21
61-70 65.5 11 9 720.5 589.5 11+16=27 9+21=30
71-80 75.5 13 10 981.5 755 13+27=40 10+30=40
81-90 85.5 9 6 769.5 513 9+40=49 40+6=46
91-100 95.5 1 4 95.5 382 1+49=50 4+46=50
∑F1 & ∑F2 50 50 3225 3125
(a) Calculate the mean, mode and median for each distribution
i. 𝐹1 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ ∑
𝐹1 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ 64.5 65
𝑭𝟏 𝒙 𝟔𝟓
𝐹2 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ ∑
𝐹2 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ 62.5 63
𝐹2 𝑥̅ 63
ii. 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹1 𝐿1 𝐶
6
C = Class width; 10
2
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹1 70.5 ∗ 10
2 4
2
6
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹1 70.5 3.3
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹1 73.8 74
𝑓1𝑥
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹2 𝐿1 𝐶
𝑓2𝑥 𝑓2𝑦
C = Class width; 10
1
1 4
1
5
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹2 70.5 2.0
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹2 72.5 73
iii. Calculate the median mark
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐹1 𝑡ℎ
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐹1 𝑡ℎ 25𝑡ℎ
under 61-70 marks.
Therefore, the median mark = 65.5 = 66.
7
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐹2 𝑡ℎ
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝐹1 𝑡ℎ 25𝑡ℎ
under 61-70 marks.
Therefore, the median mark = 65.5 = 66.
(b) Which of this measures will indicate the test that was found more difficult by the students and why?
From the modal marks, F1 is 74 while F2 is 73 therefore F2 is found to be more difficult because the
modal mark is 73.
(c). Draw a double histogram for these distributions and mark the positions of the mean, and median on
each one.

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ADVANCED STATISTICAL METHODS

LECTURER: PROF. I. OGUNDU

IGNATIUS AJURU UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

NDELE CAMPUS, EAST WEST ROAD

TAKE HOME WORK-1

S/N ITEM AMOUNT (₦)

(b) Pie Chart

Using class interval 10-20, 21-30…. Prepare;

(a) Frequency table

(b) Bar Chart

(c) Histogram for the data

(a) Frequency table

Marks Mid-Point Frequency

Marks Mid-Point Frequency (x) Fx

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 39.5 0.76 ∗ 10

The least mark is 49.5% which is 50%.

(d) Show that mean – mode 3

Mean = 50, Mode = 47 therefore, 50-47 = 3

Marks Mid-Point F1 F2 F1X1 F2X2 Cumulative F1X1 Cumulative F2X2

ii. 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹1 𝐿1 𝐶

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹1 70.5 3.3

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹1 73.8 74

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹2 70.5 2.0

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝐹2 72.5 73

iii. Calculate the median mark

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