CREATIVE

NON-
FICTION
Senior High School - Grade 12
LITERARY
ELEMENTS
Senior High School - Grade 12
At the end of the discussion, you are
expected to:
1. Identify the different literary elements
of the different genres and

2. Create samples of the different

elements based on one’s experience
(HUMSS_CNF11/12-Ib-d-4).
LITERARY ELEMENTS
● Literary elements are writing techniques
employed by the creative writer to
produce artistic effects that will immerse
the reader into narratives, stories, or
texts.
Activity 1: Know your literary element!
Directions: Read and analyze the text below. Afterwards, answer the
questions that follow.
ACTIVITY 1

1. Which sentence contains a literary element?

A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9
ACTIVITY 1

2. What literary element is exemplified in that

sentence?

A. Hyperbole
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Simile
ACTIVITY 1

3. Which words are being compared in the text?

A. Aftershocks - marriage
B. House – pictorial gallery
C. Pregnant – second child
D. Photo – wedding wall
ACTIVITY 1

4. Which sentence explains the line “a pictorial

gallery of her children and their
achievements”?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
ACTIVITY 1

5. What is referred to by the writer when she

mentioned ‘The Wedding Wall’ in sentence
10?

A. Her house
B. Gown and tuxedo
C. Their photo
D. Wall of pictures
LITERARY
ELEMENTS
LITERARY ELEMENTS
● Literary Elements are specific means by
which writers or storytellers manipulate
words in specific patterns to unfold their
stories and experiences.

● These are considered as the main tools in

a writer’s toolbox.
LITERARY ELEMENTS

● While it’s okay to stick to some literary

elements that are distinctive as your
style, variety is always beneficial.
LITERARY ELEMENTS
● Exploiting literary elements in writing
transforms us into becoming prolific
writers and storytellers.

● Take note that successful classic and

modern writers used literary elements in
their crafts.
Here are reasons why you should utilize literary
elements in any piece of work:
1. Literary elements add special effects to
your writing.

2. They establish connection with the

reader.

3. They engage and captivate readers.

Here are reasons why you should utilize literary
elements in any piece of work:
4. They help you in conveying abstract
information.

5. They paint vivid pictures of your words.

6. They enhance the reader’s vicarious

experience.
LITERARY ELEMENTS
● The number one rule in writing is to
show, don’t tell.

● They will be able to know what the

characters know, feel what the characters
feel, and see what the characters see.
You may consider the following tips to
incorporate literary elements in your craft:
1. Read the work of other writers.
2. Do not overdo it.
3. Make it seem natural.
4. When in doubt about a certain literary
element, do not use it.
5. Make it understandable for your readers.
6. Look for real-life examples.
FICTION
FICTION
● Fiction has six literary elements namely
character, setting, plot, point-of- view,
conflict, and theme.
CHARACTER
● A character is a figure
in a literary work.

● Characters can be
major or minor.
CHARACTER
Characters are classified into:

a. Flat, when they are defined by a single

idea of quality and does not change too
much from the start of the narrative to
its end.
CHARACTER
Examples:
● Shakespeare’s Queen Gertrude, who seems to be

a caring mother of Hamlet but inwardly she is a

weak-willed lady

● Harper Lee’s Miss Maudie, who acts as a voice

of reason for kids and supports and explains
Atticus’ motivations and actions
CHARACTER
Characters are classified into:

b. Round, when they possess the

complexity of real people.
CHARACTER
Examples:
● Shakespeare’s Hamlet, for being

complex, enigmatic, mysterious,

knowledgeable, philosophical,
intelligent, and thoughtful

● F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Gatsby, who is

a man of great mystery
CHARACTER
Characters can also be:

a. Protagonist, the main character with whom

the reader is meant to identify, also the person
is not necessarily good by any conventional
moral standard, but he/she is the person in
whose plight the reader is most invested. (e,g.,
Rizal’s Crisostomo Ibarra)
CHARACTER
Tragic hero/tragic figure

● The tragic hero or tragic figure is a protagonist

who comes to a bad end as a result of his own
behavior, usually caused by a specific
personality disorder or character flaw.

● Example: Oedipus in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex

CHARACTER
Tragic flaw
● The tragic flaw is the single characteristic

(usually negative) or personality disorder that

causes the downfall of the protagonist.

● Example: Oedipus’ pride, When Achilles

thought that he is completely invincible,
Superman’s fear of Kryptonite
CHARACTER
HUBRIS
● Is the excessive pride and arrogance that

consumes a character and often leads to his

downfall.

Example:
● When Oedipus blinded himself, he showed how
ignorant and shortsighted his hubris has made
him.
CHARACTER
Characters can also be:

a. Antagonist, the character who opposes the

main character, also the counterpart to the
main character and source of a story’s main
conflict; may not be “bad” or “evil” by any
conventional moral standard, but he/she
opposes the protagonist in a significant way.
(Rizal’s Padre Damaso)
CHARACTER
We learn about a character in five different ways:

1. What the character says.

2. What the character thinks.
3. What the character does.
4. What other characters or the narrator say
about the character.
5. What the author says about the character.
SETTING
● Setting refers to the
time and place where a
story occurs.
● It can be used to create
the mood or atmosphere
within a story.
● It can also express the
writer’s view of the
world.
SETTING
The setting can be:
a. Specific

Examples:
● Thunderbird Resort, Poro Point, City of San
Fernando 2500 La Union
● Gabas Integrated School, Gabas, Baybay City
6521 Leyte
SETTING
The setting can be:
b. Ambiguous

Examples:
● A large urban city during economic hard times
● Somewhere in the 2nd floor of the grocery store
PLOT
The plot is the sequence of events in a story. It is
made up of:
a. Exposition, the beginning of the story,
characters, setting, and the main conflict are
typically introduced.
b. Rising Action, also called Complication,
where the main character is in crisis and
events leading up to facing the conflict begin to
unfold. The story becomes complicated.
PLOT
The plot is the sequence of events in a story. It is
made up of:

c. Climax, the peak of the story, where a major

event occurs in which the main character faces
a major enemy, fear, challenge, or other source
of conflict. The most action, drama, change,
and excitement occur here.
PLOT
The plot is the sequence of events in a story. It is
made up of:
d. Falling Action, where the story begins to slow
down and work towards its end, tying up loose
ends.

e. Resolution, like a concluding paragraph that

resolves any remaining issues and ends the
story.
PLOT
Examples: Manuel E. Arguilla’s How My Brother
Leon Brought Home a Wife
PLOT
Examples: Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
POINT-OF-VIEW
● Point-of-view refers to the identity of the
narrative voice.

● It is the person or entity through whom the

reader experiences the story.
POINT-OF-VIEW
It may be:
a. Third-person, where a narrator describes
what is seen but as a spectator, who may be:
1. Limited, sees only what is in front of him and
unable to read any other character’s mind
2. Omniscient, sees all, much as an all-knowing
God of some kind
3. Limited omniscient, can only see into one
character’s mind
POINT-OF-VIEW
Example: Joseph Heller’s Catch-22
POINT-OF-VIEW
It may be:
b. Second-person, using the pronoun you to
narrate the story.

Example: Heather McElhatton’s Pretty Little Mistakes

POINT-OF-VIEW
It may be:
c. First-person, when we are seeing events
through the eyes of the character telling the
story.
Example: Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid
CONFLICT
● The conflict is a
struggle between
opposing forces
which is the
driving force of a
story.
CONFLICT
Conflicts can exist as:
a. Man versus man, the
typical scenario between
the protagonist and
antagonist.

Examples: Dan Brown’s Da

Vinci Code, Agatha Christie’s
And Then There Were None
CONFLICT
Conflicts can exist as:
b. Man versus nature,
where the character is
tormented by natural
forces such as storms or
animals.

Examples: Ernest Hemingway’s

The Old Man and the Sea,
Herman Melville’s Moby Dick
CONFLICT
Conflicts can exist as:
b. Man versus self, where the
conflict develops from the
protagonist’s inner struggles,
and may depend on a
character trying to decide
between good and evil or
overcome self-doubts.
Examples: Shakespeare’s Hamlet,
Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman
CONFLICT
Conflicts can exist as:
b. Man versus self
Example:
● Hamlet wants to kill his father’s
murderer, Claudius, but he also
looks for proof to justify his action.

● Faustus thinks honestly about

repenting, acting upon the advice of
‘the good angel,’ but ‘the bad angel’
distracts him by saying it is all too
late.
CONFLICT
Conflicts can exist as:
d. Man versus society,
where a character must
take on society itself,
stands at odds and realizes
the necessity to work
against these norms.
Examples: John Steinbeck’s The Pearl,
Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
CONFLICT
Conflicts can exist as:
e. Man versus fate, where a
protagonist is working
against what has been
foretold for that person.

Example: Kurt Vonnegut’s

Slaughterhouse Five
THEME
● A theme is the main idea or underlying
meaning conveyed by the piece.

Examples:
● Love and friendship – Shakespeare’s Romeo

and Juliet, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights,

Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina
THEME
Examples:
● War – Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, Margaret

Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind, Bernard Shaw’s

Arms and the Man

● Crime and mystery – Edgar Allan Poe’s The

Murders in the Rue Morgue, Arthur Conan
Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes, Dan Brown’s Da Vinci
Code
● Moving on, poetry uses sound devices such as
alliteration, assonance, consonance,
onomatopoeia, rhyme, and rhythm.

● It also employs meter, imagery, stanza, theme,

symbolism, tone, and figurative language such
as metaphor, personification, and simile.
ALLITERATION
● Alliteration is derived from the Latin word ‘Latira’
which means letters of alphabet.

● It is exemplified with the repetition of consonant

sounds within close proximity, usually in
consecutive words within the same sentence or line.

● Alliteration is popularly used in book titles,

business names, nursery rhymes, and tongue
twisters.
ALLITERATION
Examples:
● Companies: Dunkin’ Donuts, PayPal, Best Buy,
Coca-Cola, Krispy Kreme

● Names: Ronald Raegan, Mickey Mouse, Porky Pig,

Lois Lane, Donald Duck, Spongebob Squarepants
ALLITERATION
Examples:
● From literature:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner
ASSONANCE
● Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within
words.

Examples:
● Al Swearengin’s Deadwood
If I bleat when I speak it’s because I just got flee

● Sylvia Plath’s The Bee Meeting

Strips of tinfoil winkling like people
ASSONANCE
Examples:
● William Wordsworth’s Daffodils
CONSONANCE
● Consonance refers to repetitive sounds produced by
consonants within a sentence or phrase which often
takes place in quick succession.

Examples: Fugees’ Zealots

CONSONANCE
Examples: George Wither’s Shall I Wasting in Despair
ONOMATOPOEIA
● Onomatopoeia is a word that conveys the sound of
something.
● Sounds are spelled out as words, or when words
describing sounds actually sound like the sounds
they describe.

Examples: Alfred Lord Tennyson’s Come Down, O Maid

ONOMATOPOEIA
Examples: Shakespeare’s The Tempest
RHYME
● Rhyme is a repetition of similar sounding
words, occurring at the end of lines in poems or
songs.

Examples: Jane Taylor’s Twinkle, Twinkle Little

Star
RHYME
Examples: Cole Porter and Robert Fletcher’s
Don’t Fence Me In
RHYTHM
● Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and
unstressed beats.

● Meter identifies units of stressed and

unstressed syllables.

● When a writer combines metrical units into a

pattern, he creates rhythm.
METER
The five key metrical units are:
1. Iamb, one unstressed syllable followed by one
stressed syllable
METER
The five key metrical units are:
2. Trochee, one stressed syllable followed by one
unstressed syllable
METER
The five key metrical units are:
3. Spondee, two subsequent stressed syllables

Example: Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida

Cry, cry! Troy burns, or else let Helen go.
METER
The five key metrical units are:
4. Dactyl, one stressed syllable followed by two
unstressed syllables
METER
The five key metrical units are:
5. Anapest, two unstressed syllable followed by one
stressed syllable
QUIZ
QUIZ

1-6. What are the six literary elements of fiction?

Character, Setting, Plot, Point-of-view, Conflict,

Theme
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

7. The main character with whom the reader is

meant to identify.
Protagonist
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist
8. Rising action is also called __________, where
the main character is in crisis and events leading
up to facing the conflict begins to unfold.
Complication
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

9. It refers to the identity of the narrative of voice.

Point-of-view
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

10. A conflict between the protagonist and

antagonist.
Man vs Man
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

11. It is the main idea or underlying meaning

conveyed by the piece.
Theme
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

12. Alliteration is derived from the Latin word ___________

which means letters of alphabet.

Latira
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

13. It is a word that conveys the sound of something, and

sounds are spelled out as words.

Onomatopoeia
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

14. A repetition of similar sounding words, occurring at

the end of the lines in poems or songs.

Rhyme
QUIZ
Antagonist Onomatopoeia Rhyme
Latira Theme Man vs Man
Point-of-view Complication Protagonist

15. The character who opposes the main character.

Antagonist
IMAGERY
● Imagery appeals to the reader’s physical
senses motivating strong and distinct
mental images of what the writer is trying
to show.
IMAGERY
It is classified into:
a. Visual imagery (seeing)

Example: Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet

IMAGERY
It is classified into:
a. Visual imagery (seeing)
Example: Arguilla’s How My Brother Leon
Brought Home a Wife
IMAGERY
It is classified into:
b. Olfactory imagery (smelling)
Example: Patrick Suskind’s Perfume: The Story
of a Murderer
IMAGERY
It is classified into:
c. Gustatory imagery (tasting)
Example: William Carlos Williams’ This is Just to Say
IMAGERY
It is classified into:
d. Tactile imagery (touching or feeling)
Example: E. B. White’s Once More to the Lake
IMAGERY
It is classified into:
e. Auditory imagery (hearing or listening)
Example: John Keats’ To Autumn
STANZA
● A stanza is a smaller unit or group of lines in
poetry.

Stanza may be:

a. Couplet, two lines
b. Tercet, three lines
c. Quatrain, four lines popularized by Persian
poet Omar Khayyam who called it Rubai
STANZA
Stanza may be:

d. Quintain, also referred as Cinquain, five lines

e. Sestet, six lines
f. Septet, seven lines
g. Octave, eight lines
h. Sonnet, 14 lines ( three quatrains and a
couplet)
SYMBOLISM
● Symbolism happens when something is used to
represent something else, such an idea or
concept.
● Writers use symbols as objects to represent a
non-literal meaning.
● A symbol must be something tangible or visible,
while the idea it symbolizes must be something
abstract or universal.
SYMBOLISM
Examples: William Blake’s Ah Sunflower
SYMBOLISM
Examples: Sara Teasdale’s Wild Asters
TONE
● Tone is defined as a speaker’s or narrator’s
attitude about a subject and is different from the
mood a reader gets while reading the story.

● You can set the tone of your literary piece by

choosing the words that fit the tone you’re
trying to convey, and by having the character
take a certain stance or position on a topic.
TONE
Examples: Donald Barthelme’s The School
TONE
Examples: Ernest Hemingway’s A Clean, Well-
Lighted Place
METAPHOR
● Metaphor is the implicit, implied, or
hidden comparison between two
unrelated things but share some common
characteristics.

● When comparing, metaphor does not use

the words like or as.
METAPHOR
Examples: John Donne’s The Sun Rising

She’s all states, and all princes, I.

● This line demonstrates the speaker’s belief that

he and his beloved are richer than all states,
kingdoms, and rulers in the entire world
because of the love they share.
METAPHOR
Examples: E. E. Cummings’ I Carry your Heart
with Me

● The writer compared his beloved to the moon

and to the sun.
METAPHOR
Examples: Kate Chopin’s The Storm

● The comparison was between her mouth and

fountain of delight.
METAPHOR
Examples: Langston Hughes’ Mother to Son

“Well, son, I’ll tell you: Life for me ain’t been

no crystal stair,”

● The comparison was between her life and stair.

PERSONIFICATION
● Personification takes place when a writer
gives inanimate objects or inhuman
beings (like animals) human
characteristics or attributes.

Example:
● “Death lays his icy hands on kings.”
PERSONIFICATION
Examples: John Knowles’ A Separate Peace

Peace had deserted Devon. Although not in the look

of the campus and village; they retained much of their
dreaming summer calm. Fall had barely touched the full
splendor of the trees, and during the height of the day the
sun briefly regained its summertime power. In the air
there was only an edge of coolness to imply the coming
winter. But all had been caught up, like the first fallen
leaves, by a new and energetic wind.
PERSONIFICATION
Examples: L. M. Montgomery’s The Green Gables Letters

I hied me away to the woods – away back into the

sun-washed alleys carpeted with fallen gold and glades
where the moss is green and vivid yet. The woods are
getting ready to sleep – they are not yet asleep, but they
are disrobing and are having all sorts of little bed-time
conferences and whisperings and good-nights.
SIMILE
● Simile is the explicit or direct comparison
between two different things and uses the
words like or as.
SIMILE
Examples: Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim

Examples: Robert Burns’ A Red, Red Rose

● Furthermore, drama employs literary elements
such as setting, characters, plot, theme, style,
and dialogue.

● The first four literary elements of drama have

been previously presented and discussed under
fiction since these genres share some common
literary elements.

● Thus, in this section, we will tackle style and

dialogue.
STYLE
● Style is the way in which an author writes
and/or tells a story.

● Fairy tales are great examples of how the same

story can be told in very different ways.

● Since they have been retold over and over for

centuries the style of their telling changes from
one writer to the other.
STYLE
Example: Charles Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood

Little Red Riding Hood set out immediately to

go to her grandmother, who lived in another village. As
she was going through the wood, she met a wolf, who had a
very great mind to eat her up, but he dared not, because of
some woodcutters working nearby in the forest. He asked
her where she was going. The poor child, who did not know
that it was dangerous to stay and talk to a wolf, said to
him, “I am going to see my grandmother and carry her
cake and a little pot of butter from my mother.”
STYLE
Example: Grimm’s Little Red Riding Hood.
STYLE
● Perrault’s version is shorter, less detailed, and
with very little dialogue.

● On the other hand, Grimm’s version is longer,

has more imagery, and has more dialogue.

● Perrault’s point was to teach a lesson while

Grimm’s point was for more entertainment.
DIALOGUE
● Dialogue is the stance where characters speak
to one another.
A dialogue may be:
a. Inner, where the characters speak to
themselves and reveal their personalities
(stream of consciousness, dramatic
monologue)
b. Outer, a conversation between characters
DIALOGUE
DIALOGUE
ALLUSION
● An allusion is a brief and indirect
reference to persons, places, things or
ideas of historical, cultural, literary, or
political significance.

● It does not describe in detail what it refers

to instead it is just a passing comment.
ALLUSION
● An easy way to remember allusion is to
think of the verb ‘allude.’

● When you allude to something, you are

referencing something else.
ALLUSION

● In these lines, dread less Angel is a reference to Abdiel, a fearless

angel. Circling hours alludes to a Greek Myth ‘The Horae’, the
daughters of Zeus and Themis namely Thallo (Spring), Auxo
(Summer), and Carpo (Winter). With rosie hand Milton refers to
Homer’s illustration of the rosy fingered dawn.
ANAPHORA
● Anaphora, possibly the oldest literary
device, is the deliberate repetition of the
first part of the sentence.

● It traces its roots in Biblical Psalms where

it is used to emphasize certain words or
phrases.
ANAPHORA
Example: Shakespeare’s Richard II, Act 2, Scene
1
This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England,
This nurse, this teeming womb of royal kings
This land of such dear souls, this dear dear land,”
ANTHROPOMORPHISM
● Anthropomorphism is employed when animals
or inanimate objects are portrayed in a story as
people, such as by walking, talking, or being
given arms, legs and/or facial features.

● Example: non-human characters in Carroll’s

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
DICTION
● Diction is a style of speaking or writing
determined by the word choice of
speakers or writers.

● Proper diction is important to convey

your message otherwise wrong choice of
words will result to misinterpretation and
misunderstanding.
DICTION
In using diction:

a. Words should be right and accurate.

b. Words should be in context.
c. Words should be understood by the
listeners or readers.
DICTION
Furthermore, diction is classified into:

a. Formal diction, when formal words are used

in formal situations such as meetings and
conferences

b. Informal diction, when informal words are

used conversationally such as writing to or
talking with friends
DICTION
Furthermore, diction is classified into:
c. Colloquial diction, when common words and
phrases are used in everyday speech but vary
in different regions or communities

d. Slang diction, when newly coined, trendy, or

impolite words are used
DICTION
EPISTROPHE
● Epistrophe, the opposite of anaphora, repeats
words or phrases at the end of a sentence to
strategically add rhythm or emphasize a point.
EUPHEMISM
● Euphemism describes someone or something in
a more pleasant or more polite way.

● We use euphemisms when we want to soften the

blow or lessen the impact of harsh truth.

● Example: Instead of straightforwardly saying

“She’s not a liar”, we can say “She’s just creative
with the truth.”
FLASHBACK
● Flashback happens when a narrator is mentally
transported to an event that happened in the
past.

● It is used to provide the reader with more

contexts about the character, a situation or an
event, to increase the suspense and tension, and
to clue readers into an important event that
affected the present.
FLASHBACK
An example is the ballad of The Cruel
Mother (Anonymous) where a mother remembers
her murdered child. While going to church, she
remembers her child’s birth, growing up, and
death. Later, she thinks back further to a distant
time in her past to remember how her own
mother was ruthless to her.
FORESHADOWING
● Foreshadowing is employed when writers hint
at what will happen next in the story without
being too obvious in order to build suspense.
Examples:
● “It was a cold stormy night that would introduce her to
eternal darkness, forever changing the course of her life.”
HYPERBOLE
● Hyperbole is the extreme exaggeration of a real
event or scenario while adding a humorous
effect or to emphasize a concept.
IRONY
● Irony happens when an event occurs
which is unexpected, and which is in
absurd or mocking opposition to what is
expected or appropriate.
IRONY

● In these lines, the ship is stranded in the sea. Ironically,

there is water everywhere, but they do not have a single
drop of drinkable water.
JUXTAPOSITION
● Juxtaposition is applied when a writer places
two contrasting concepts, people, or events
directly side-by-side in a sentence or paragraph
to show the reader the differences or
similarities between two things, or to add an
element of surprise.
JUXTAPOSITION
MOOD
● Mood is the atmosphere or emotional condition
created by the piece, within the setting.

● This line creates a calm, peaceful, serene and

non-violent mood.
MOTIF
● Motif is exemplified when a recurrent element (such as
an image, sound, or concept) is found throughout a
story, to help develop the theme, or central message.

Example: Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry

Finn

● The motif of childhood gives the novel a lighter tone and

makes it enjoyable to read despite its grave central
ideas of slavery and racism.
OXYMORON
● Oxymoron includes a combination of
contrasting, or opposite, words to create a
dramatic effect for the reader, especially in
poetry.

Example:
● “She accepted it as the kind cruelty of the

surgeon’s knife.”
OXYMORON
PARADOX
● A paradox is different from an oxymoron
because it is a sentence or a phrase that appears
contradictory, but implies some kind truth, to
add a hidden meaning to a concept in your
writing.
The Protagonist versus the Antagonist
 The Protagonist versus the Antagonist

PROTAGONIST ANTAGONIST
Katniss Everdeen President Snow
Harry Potter Lord Voldemort
Batman Joker
Mara Clara
Ibarra Father Salvi
ACTIVITY 1
1. The (antagonist, protagonist) is the
character in whose unfortunate condition
the story revolves.

2. The (antagonist, protagonist) is a major

character who challenges the main
character and brings about the story’s main
conflict.
ACTIVITY 1
3. In J. K. Rowling’s bestselling book, Harry
Potter has to struggle with his archenemy
(Severus Snape, Lord Voldemort).

4. Superman is also well-known for his

(hubris, tragic flaw), the kryptonite.
ACTIVITY 1
5. When Oedipus blinded himself, he showed
how ignorant and shortsighted his (hubris,
tragic flaw) has made him.
ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 2
LIFE (Simile)
● Life is like a box of chocolates; you never
know what you're going to get.
● Life is like a road trip; every day is a new
adventure.
● Life is a like a puzzle; you have to put the
pieces together in order to see the whole
picture.
ACTIVITY 2
LOVE (Metaphor)
● Love is a truck and an open road,
Somewhere to start and a place to go.
● I thought love would be my cure but now it's
my disease.
● Love is a dog from hell.
● Love is a spice with many tastes—a dizzying
array of textures and moments.
ACTIVITY 2
OBJECTS (Personification)
● My alarm clock yells at me to get out of bed
every morning.
● The car complained as the key was roughly
turned in its ignition.
● The approaching car's headlights winked at
me.
● The camera loves her since she is so pretty.
QUIZ
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When Achilles thought that he is completely
invincible, he manifested _____________.

A. Tragic figure
B. Tragic flaw
C. Tragic hero
D. Tragic weakness
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. In Elie Wiesel’s Night, the setting from the lines
below is _______________.

A. 1940s, Hungary
B. 1940s, station platform at Sighet
C. 1940s, Jews
D. 1940s, station platform at Hungary
MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. Hamlet wants to kill his father’s murderer,
Claudius, but he also looks for proof to justify
his action. This is a __________ conflict.

A. Man vs. Man

B. Man vs. Nature conflict.
C. Man vs. Self
D. Man vs. Society
MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. Faustus thinks honestly about repenting,
acting upon the advice of ‘the good angel,’ but
‘the bad angel’ distracts him by saying it is all
too late. This is a ___________ conflict.

A. Man vs. Man

B. Man vs. Nature
C. Man vs. Self
D. Man vs. Society
MULTIPLE CHOICE
5. In Arguilla’s How My Brother Leon Brought
Home a Wife, the lines below exemplify _____.

A. Anthropomorphism C. Metaphor
B. Imagery D. Personification
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. When the mother said “Well, son, I’ll tell you:
Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair,” in
Langston Hughes’ Mother to Son, she used
______________.

A. Allusion
B. Hyperbole
C. Metaphor
D. Symbolism
MULTIPLE CHOICE
7. The underlined phrase in the sentence “I
would take your part in the play tonight at
the drop of a hat!” means ______________.

A. Behaving inappropriately
B. Doing it immediately
C. Something is easy or nice
D. Very eager for something
MULTIPLE CHOICE
8. The sentence “Death lays his icy hands on
kings.” employs ________________.

A. Imagery
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Symbolism
MULTIPLE CHOICE
9. The sentence “She accepted it as the kind
cruelty of the surgeon’s knife.” exemplifies
_______________.

A. Hyperbole
B. Irony
C. Oxymoron
D. Paradox
MULTIPLE CHOICE
10.The sentence “It was a cold stormy night that
would introduce her to eternal darkness,
forever changing the course of her life.”
applies __________.

A. Euphemism
B. Exposition
C. Flashback
D. Foreshadowing
PERFORMANCE
TASK
Write about an experience when you were
at the lowest point of your life. Narrate
how you dealt with it and how you coped
up. Employ necessary literary elements in
your composition. (Character, setting,
plot, theme, simile, metaphor,
personification, dialogue and other
literary techniques) 100 POINTS
 RUBRICS
Perfect (100 points) Good (85 points) Poor (70 points)
The composition The composition The composition partly
focused on the focused on the focused on the
specified subject and specified subject and specified subject and
supplied the needed supplied the needed supplied some
information. It also information. It also information. It used
employed necessary employed some minimal literary
literary elements. literary elements. elements. Organization
Organization is logical Organization is quite is incoherent and there
and grammar is incoherent and there are many
flawless. are several ungrammatical parts.
ungrammatical parts.
GUIDELINES:
1. Long bond paper
2. 1 inch in all sides
3. Can be handwritten or printed (With borders)
4. Be CREATIVE!

FORMAT:
Name: Date:
Grade & Section: Teacher:

Title of your Narrative

DEADLINE: September 25, 2023 (MONDAY)

Thank you
for
Listening!