ASSIGNMENT 2 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma in Business

Unit number and title Unit 7: Business Law

Submission date 23/06/2023 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student names & codes Final scores Signatures

1. Tran Xuan An - GBH210960 An

2. Nguyen Quynh Phuong - GBH210959 Phuong

3. Ha Kieu Anh - GBH210925 Anh

Group number:

4. Nguyen Phuong Anh - GBH211329 Anh

5. Nguyen Thi Chau Anh - GBH211368 Anh

6. Ho Thi Vi - GBH211334 Vi

Class GBH1115 Assessor name Nguyen Thi Thu

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of
malpractice.

P3 P4 P5 P6 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2 D3
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction. ...............................................................................................................................................................
2. Select one real contract relating to providing Services. ............................................................................................
3.Suppose one article in the contract is breached/violated. Explain the situation as follow: ........................................
3.1 Describe the assumption of violation..................................................................................................................
3.2 Explain the impact of the violation on the company business............................................................................
4.Recommend Dispute resolution of contract dispute (in Question 3) as after: .............................................................
4.1 The way to resolve the supposed scandal of CONTRACT: 6 ADR (negotiation, arbitration…) or court, citizen
advice, trade union… .......................................................................................................................................................
4.2. The legal solution: discharge the contract, compensation, fine… ............................................................................
5. Find out 1 REAL scandal relating to the violation of company law of a REAL company relating to violation of the
Duties of Directors. And explain as follows:......................................................................................................................
5.1. Describe the scandal. ...............................................................................................................................................
5.2. Point out what duties according to the UK law, are violated in this scandal. ..........................................................
5.3. Explain the impacts of the scandal to the business of the company. ......................................................................
6. Explain the rights of employers according to UK Law ...................................................................................................
7. Find out 1 REAL scandal relating to the violation of the Duties of Employers in a REAL company. And explain as
follows:................................................................................................................................................................................
7.1. Describe the scandal. ...............................................................................................................................................
7.2. Explain the impacts of the scandal to the business of the company. ......................................................................
8. Explain the role of Shareholders in the company. ........................................................................................................
9. Explain the way to raise capital for a company: Share capital. ....................................................................................
10.Explain different types of company according to Vietnamese Law (The Enterprise Law 2020) with refer to: . Error!
Bookmark not defined.
10.1 Sole Trader/ Sole Proprietorship .............................................................................................................................
10.2 Partnership ..............................................................................................................................................................
10.3 Limited Liability company ........................................................................................................................................
10.4 Joint stock company ................................................................................................................................................
11.Ways to resolve the dispute..........................................................................................................................................
11.1Compare and contrast the effectiveness of 2 different sources of legal advice: Mediation and Conciliation. .......
11.2 Compare and contrast of various ways/ methods to obtain these legal solutions (ways to resolve the
dispute): ..........................................................................................................................................................................
12.To further enhance your illustration, you may have in depth analysis of how other broader legislations/
regulations or standards make effects on business by: ....................................................................................................
13.Figure out the advantages and disadvantages of a Sole Trader. Good examples or data should be provided to
support the analysis. ..........................................................................................................................................................
14.Point out which type of business organization is the most popular in UK and explain the reason with good
examples, evidence or data. ..............................................................................................................................................
15. The most popularly way to obtain legal solution in Vietnam. ....................................................................................
References ..........................................................................................................................................................................
1. Introduction
The law is a practical instrument to maintain and advance human civilization. People in these sectors are
interested in business law, labor law, and contract law. Another issue firms avoid is legal issues. As a market
researcher for an international investment fund called Dragon Capital Fund, I am currently researching the
United Kingdom market. This report advances from concepts to concrete examples of this new market. Below
is research and analysis on contract law, labor law, and company law. This is done through learning about
contract documents and scandals. The most important question is how the problems raised can be solved.
This report will show how companies in the UK are applying and complying with contract law, employment
law, and corporate law through a range of scandals, legal issues, and conflicts, along with recommendations
to deal with those scandals. In addition, a wide range of topics will be covered, such as the possible effect of
the law on businesses, the clear distinction between the type of contract to know, the establishment of
business forms of business, distinguishing between the types of enterprises; and the way of business
registration in accordance with the law and the role of each position in the enterprise is specified as the role
of the director, auditors, and shareholders.

2. Select one real contract relating to providing services

Contract is an agreement between parties on the establishment, change or termination of civil rights and
obligations (According to Article 385 of the Civil Code 2015).
Example: Contract for outsourcing product manufacturing
The subject of party A is Wonder Life Limited Liability Company (in operation). The type of business registered
is a Limited Liability Company with 2 or more members. The legal representative is Mr. Quach Trung Kien,
who holds the position of director of the company. The subject of the contract is the processor and the
product manufacturer. The company's tax code is 0312078266.
The subject of Party B is Hong Phat Pharmaceutical and Trading Company Limited (active). The type of
business registered is a limited liability company with 2 or more members. The legal representative is Mrs.
Do Thi Nhu Quynh holding the position of director of the company. The subject of the contract is the
processing party and the product manufacturer. The company's tax code is 0102266577.
The two parties voluntarily enter a contract without being deceived in the form of having full information of
both parties and confirmation signatures of the contract signer and the contract object.
Contracting person (legal representative of the company): Quach Trung Kien and Do Thi Nhu Quynh.
Subjects of the contract: the service provider and the subject of the contract do not violate the law.

3. Suppose one article in the contract is breached/violated

3.1. Describe the assumption of violation.
Clause 2 of Article 519 of the Civil Code 2015 requires service consumers to pay for services as agreed. When
the service is completed, the service user must pay on the job site. If the price of raw materials differs, the
two parties will agree on the price of the final product at the time of the change. When there is a price
discrepancy, Party A is responsible for alerting Party B 15 days in advance, in accordance with Clause 4.1,
Article 4 of the contract, which specifies the price, period, and payment method. However, Party A breached
the contract by failing to warn Party B in advance, but unilaterally increasing the price of the final product
and forcing Party B to pay else it would take the deposit and no delivery.
3.2. Explain the impact of the violation on the company business

Slide 41 Lecture 4.4._Management of business organization

Below are the consequences that Party A (the breaching party) must bear:
Reputation: When a company abruptly raises the price of semi-finished goods without alerting the
partner, this makes the partner question the reputation of the company and can result in the loss of a
potential and long-term business partner. Businesses that are collaborating with Party A will have a
diminished reputation as a result, and some may even decide not to renew the contract out of concern
for the potential negative effects of a poor reputation.
For customer: a company's reputation and level of consumer trust are key factors in its ability to attract
clients, partners, and investors. When a need arises, customers will identify and quickly think of the
company's products and services if it has a reputation for reliability and excellence. But if a company's
reputation is badly viewed, people won't patronize it and they'll often change their minds about making
a purchase after hearing bad press or reading bad reviews. Once a company has a terrible reputation,
they will lose a lot of potential clients, even devoted ones.
Domino effect and Stock price, upcoming projects, debt: According to the recorded contract, Party B
has the right to bring legal action against Party A, which could have an impact on other firms when
dealing with incidents like these. Reputational damage can result in businesses losing customers,
partners, employees, and the board of directors and other associated parties in charge of party A's
corporate governance. Additionally, by taking this step, the business may be open to legal action or
compensation for people harmed. Shareholders may simultaneously sell off their shares as the
company's share price can be sharply dropped, decreasing revenue. As a result, the company's financial
reserves are diminished to a point where they are only sufficient to maintain operations but not
 sufficient to fund new endeavors. Profits are not high and there is no ability to pay debts to the bank. If
the business accepts the risk of continuing to borrow to invest, it can lead to debt accumulation and
bankruptcy.
Workers: Employees frequently don't want to work for a company whose reputation is at stake. It is
challenging to retain staff in the era of gen Z workers since they are independent contractors, but it is
even harder for enterprises with a poor reputation to do so. Additionally, hiring new personnel will be
challenging for organizations, driving up hiring costs.

4. Recommend Dispute resolution of contract dispute

In the contract clearly stated in Article 7, Party A and Party B commit to implement the terms of the contract,
any unilateral modification in the contract is void. If there is any dispute arising under the contract that
cannot be resolved through conciliation, friendly negotiation between the parties within 30 days from the
beginning of the discussion, if the dispute cannot be resolved by itself, the two right sides brought the case
to the economic court of Hanoi city for settlement. All costs are borne by the losing party. The final judgment
of the court is the final decision for both parties to implement.

4.1 The way to resolve the supposed scandal of CONTRACT

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) refers to the different ways people can resolve disputes without going
to court. Types of ADR process include mediation, arbitration, negotiation, conciliation, tribunals, and
ombudsman. These processes are generally confidential, less formal, and less stressful than traditional court
proceedings. Alternative dispute resolution frequently reduces costs and expedites resolution. Parties in
mediation have a significant say in how their own conflicts are resolved. This frequently leads to original
solutions, enduring effects, higher satisfaction, and strengthened connections (Nycourts. gov,2022)

Types of ADR
 SLIDE 10_ LECTURE 4.5_ ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTIONS (ADR)

Conciliation is an effective ADR strategy for settling business disputes, as it is an optional form that allows
conflicting parties to choose their preferred method. The mediator's responsibilities include assisting in
resolving the dispute, ensuring satisfaction, and protecting the interests of all parties. Conciliation is flexible,
allowing parties to voice opinions on the best procedure and avoiding complex technical requirements. It
fosters direct engagement between disputing parties, allowing for communication, exchange of ideas,
negotiation, and potential solutions. This approach prioritizes relationship preservation and individual
involvement, emphasizing the humanistic meaning of conflict resolution. Conciliation adopts a participatory
approach, model negotiation, and constructive problem-solving techniques, making it a flexible alternative
to court proceedings. It allows parties to apply binding rules, principles, and policies, allowing for agreements
based on mutual interests. Confidentiality and privacy are ensured by holding meetings in private, requiring
consent from third parties, not making information public, and agreeing on settlement terms. In particular,
when a breach happens, party A might ask a conciliator—a specialist in negotiation—to take into account a
reconciliation plan with party B. With the use of this technique, agreements or acceptable solutions to reduce
tensions and restore the cooperative relationship between the two parties to normal will be developed by
taking into account and evaluating the amount of violation of Party A (the violating party) and Party B (the
injured party). The conciliator will consider both parties' interests to assist in reaching a compromise, and
examine, and assess the agreement, which will be advantageous to both parties and prevent the negative
effects of going to court.
The two parties may file lawsuits against one another in court if the breach caused irreconcilable tensions.
This is a legitimate approach to dealing with stress, but it is quite costly and takes a very long time to address.
To file a lawsuit, a plaintiff must first meet all legal requirements. Then, the petitioner must send a lawsuit
petition to an appropriate court, along with all relevant documents and evidence. The court will then decide
the case using one of the following procedures: directly submitted to the court; Send correspondence to the
Court by mail; or electronically via the Court's Portal. If the judge determines that the matter fits under the
court's jurisdiction after receiving the lawsuit petition and all supporting papers and proof, they must notify
the petitioner right away so that they may appear in court to complete the necessary payment formalities.
The plaintiff must pay the court cost advance fees and submit to the Court a receipt for the collection of the
court fee advance within seven days of the day they receive the Court's notice of payment of the court cost
advance. Only until the petitioner provides the court with a receipt attesting to the payment of the court fee
advance can the judge or court accept the case. Both parties must spend money on legal representation
during the processing period. However, once the court has made its final judgment, it will be required and
must be carried out in accordance with the law. Although it takes a lot of time and money, litigation will
ultimately result in a fair and accurate conclusion, and it will also result in laws that guarantee the execution
of court orders.
Additionally, in accordance with Article 7 of the contract, if negotiation or conciliation fail to settle the
conflict. Any party may request arbitration within 30 days of the day a dispute first arose. According to the
terms of the law and the court's decision, the court has the authority to decide acceptable to all parties. The
losing party is obligated to cover the victorious side's attorney expenses as well as any additional court costs.

4.2. The legal solution

According to Article 6 of the contract, the first legal solution can be mentioned is compensation. The majority
of businesses employ this as a solution. Party A can bargain to make up the difference in raw material prices
paid by Party B or support Party B's pricing for completed goods in this or the following batch. If there is fair
recompense, the two parties may continue to work together without fear of litigation hurting their
reputations. This is a good legal remedy.
Another legal option is to cancel the contract, however, doing so is a bad idea if Party B may do so unilaterally
since Party A broke the terms of the agreement. It is even feasible to sue Party B, albeit doing so is quite
stressful and may result in the two businesses never working together again. This might damage the
reputation of the party who broke the agreement and have an impact on future collaboration.

5. The scandal regarding the violation of company law regarding the violation of the Duties
of the Director
5.1. Describe the scandal
Fact summary:
The High People's Court in Hanoi opened a public court hearing on August 13, 2018, at the headquarters
of the People's Court of Cao Bang province, for the appellate trial of the criminal case handled No.
192/2018/TLPT-HS on March 9, 2018, for defendant Hoang Thi L, who was tried at first instance for
embezzlement of property; forging seals and documents of agencies and organizations; defendants
Nguyen Huu T and To Thi A were tried for the crime of intentionally violating.
Problem:
Hoang Thi L committed fraud while serving as Acting Head of Agribank.BL's Accounting and Treasury
Department, generating phony paperwork, seals, and vouchers, opening bogus accounts, and filing false
reports. the truth, creating an account in your and others' names to usurp 3,470,000,000 VND from
Agribank.BL. Defendant Hoang Thi L committed the offenses of embezzlement under Point a, Clause 4,
Article 278 and forging seals and papers of agencies and organizations under Clause 1, Article 267, much
as the first-instance court. imputed to be the right person, the correct crime, not the wrong one.
Defendant Nong Thi N, as Director of Agribank.BL, approved 04 entries on the IPCAS system with a total
value of VND 1,900,000,000 while having no original documents, in violation of Decision No. 1000/QD-
BOD- On July 5, 2011, Agribank's Financial Accounting Committee issued the Accounting vouchers regime
applied on the Agribank system; Decision No. 311/QD-NHNo-TCKT dated March 27, 2014, of Agribank
promulgating Regulations on As a result, the appellate trial panel determined that defendant Nong Thi
N's above behavior was guilty of intentionally violating the State's economic management regulations,
resulting in serious consequences under Clause 3, Article 165 of the Code 1999, as the prosecution and
protest point of view is acceptable.
Decision:
Pursuant to Point b, Clause 1, Article 355; Article 357 Criminal Procedure Code: Acceptance of Appeal No.
01/QD-VKSCB-P2 dated February 5, 2018, of the Procurator General of the People's Procuracy of Cao
Bang Province; not accept the appeal of defendant Hoang Thi L; amending the first-instance criminal
judgment No. 04/2016/HSST dated January 25, 2018, of the People's Court of Cao Bang province.
1. Point a, Clause 4, Article 278 shall be applied; Clause 1, Article 267; point b (for the crime of
embezzlement of property), p Clause 1, Clause 2 Article 46; Article 47 (for the crime of embezzlement of
property); Article 50 of the 1999 Penal Code, sanctioning defendant Hoang Thi L 15 (Fifteen) years in
prison for embezzlement of property; 06 (Six) months in prison for forging seals and documents of
agencies or organizations. Summarizing the penalty, forcing the defendant to serve both crimes is 15
(Fifteen) years and 06 (Six) months of imprisonment, the prison term is counted from the date the
defendant serves the sentence.
2. Clause 3 of Article 165 shall be applied; Point p, q, Clause 1, Clause 2, Article 46 of the 1999 Penal Code,
sanctioning defendant Nong Thi N 04 (Four) years in prison for the crime of intentionally violating the
State's regulations on economic management, causing consequences serious, the prison term is from
January 15, 2018.
Defendant Hoang Thi L had to pay 200,000 VND for appellate criminal court fees. Defendant Nong Thi N
is not subject to appellate criminal court costs.
5.2. Obligations under UK law were breached in this scandal
The obligations of a Director are presented in a logical manner throughout eight obligations under the UK
Companies Act 2006 (The National Archives, 2023). The aforementioned incident breached two articles of
the law, namely the Duty to act within the authority and the Declare an interest in an existing transaction or
arrangement; this has had a significant impact on the organization.
According to article 171 of the 2006 Company Law, Ms. Hoang Thi L and Ms. Nong Thi N both breached the
law by failing to act within their powers. Ms. Hoang Thi L falsified agency and organization seals and papers,
as well as embezzled corporate assets, severely hurting the organization. Ms. Nong Thi N also knowingly
disregarded the State's economic management standards, resulting in significant repercussions, and so
violated the Company Law 2006. Furthermore, according to article 177 of the 2006 company legislation, it is
stated "Declare an interest in an existing transaction or arrangement," which Ms. Hoang Thi L breached when
she embezzled the business's assets worth up to 10 billion VND, having a negative impact on the firm.
5.3. The impact of the scandal on the company's business
Each corporation must bear some consequences following a scandal. Five specific aspects were considered:
reputation, domino effect on other organizations, capital expenditures, employees, stock price, forthcoming
initiatives, and debt. The consequences incurred by the corporation will be examined further below.
• Reputation: Company reputation suffers when a judgment is served. The company's reputation
among employees as well as customers and suppliers for upcoming projects has also been affected
somewhat.
• Domino effect on other businesses: This incident compels directors with embezzlement intentions
to limit their behavior, and corporations to pay greater attention, limiting the appearance of
embezzlement and counterfeiting.
• Capital expenditures: The loss and appropriation of more than 10 billion VND caused serious damage
to the bank's capital costs.
• Employees: The first affected people, in this case, our employees. When the Company loses 10 billion
VND, it will directly affect the salary and bonus and the activities taking place in the company, so the
employees are the most affected. Besides, employee morale is affected significantly.
• Price of stocks, upcoming projects, and debt: The stock price dropped significantly after the scandal
happened, and the upcoming project may have to be delayed because of the large loss.

6. Explain the rights of employees according UK law

With regard to workers, labor law in the UK is divided into three main acts: the Labor Rights Act 1996, the
Employment Protection Act 1975 and the Wages Act 1986. More specifically, the Rights act Jobs 1996
regulates workers' rights in the United Kingdom. The original number of provisions of the Employment Rights
Act 1996 was further revised by both subsequent Labor and Conservative governments, to further strengthen
protections for employees in the workplace.
• Section 63D of the Employment Rights Act of 1996 ("Act 1996") allows an employee to request
permission to pursue training or study. The aforementioned rules allow employees to work and study
together for a period of time, as well as provide employees with opportunities for career
advancement training. These policies not only allow people to work to support their families and
attend school to further their education, but they also allow businesses to hire hourly workers and
train them to improve the quality of their human resources (Gov.Uk, n, d).
• Giving incentives to promote worker safety and health at work, in accordance with Management
Board rule 13(1) of the Workplace Health and Safety rule 1999 (S.I. 1999/3242) and article 6(3)(b) of
Council Directive 89/391/EEC of June 12, 1989. The preceding instruction enables employees to work
in a safe environment and reduces workplace hazards. This regulation, which is stricter than those in
many other countries around the world, allows workers in the UK to focus entirely on their jobs
without having to worry about their safety as much, contributing to higher levels of productivity
(Gov.Uk, n, d).
• The Employment Act of 2002 contains a provision for Term Employees (Prevention of Unfavorable
Treatment). Employees will be treated more fairly at work. The law will provide more opportunity for
women to develop in their careers based on their own ability, while also eliminating male bias and
racism in both large and small firms. Furthermore, working for people of color in white people's land
will no longer be as difficult and strange as it was earlier (Gov.Uk, n, d).

7. Find out 1 REAL scandal in the UK relating to the violation of the Duties of Employers in
a REAL company. And explain as follows:
7.1. Describe the scandal.
The "BHS (British Home Stores)" collapse in 2016 was one noteworthy controversy involving a firm and its
employees in the UK. BHS, a well-known department store business, endured a succession of issues and
financial troubles, eventually leading to its demise and the loss of thousands of employees. The issue
centered on the former owner of the corporation, Sir Philip Green, and the following ramifications. Sir Philip
Green, a well-known businessman and millionaire, bought BHS in 2000 and ran it until 2015, when he sold it
for £1 to a partnership named Retail Acquisitions Ltd. Following the sale, BHS suffered financially, amassing
huge debts and shortfalls in its pension fund. The firm went into administration in April 2016, and all BHS
stores were liquidated soon after, resulting in the loss of about 11,000 employees. The BHS incident drew
widespread attention owing to a number of issues. First, it was disclosed that considerable profits were paid
to the company's parent business and his family under Sir Philip Green's ownership, while the pension fund
deficit mounted. This sparked concerns about the company's financial management and the impact on the
pension plans of thousands of BHS employees. Concerns were also raised concerning Sir Philip Green and the
consortium's due diligence before selling BHS to Retail Acquisitions Ltd. The new owners were accused of
lacking the requisite skills and resources to bring the firm back, compounding its financial slide. The incident
prompted regulatory organizations, legislative committees, and the Pension Regulator to conduct
investigations. Sir Philip Green came under fire and was brought before parliamentary committees. Sir Philip
Green eventually agreed to pay £363 million into the BHS pension scheme to alleviate the pension fund
deficit. The BHS affair brought to light concerns of corporate governance, the obligations of firm owners, and
pension security for employees. As a result, conversations regarding the need for more laws and measures
to protect employees from similar scenarios in the future erupted (BBC, 2017). 7.2. Explain the impacts of
the scandal to the business of the company.
7.2. Explain the impacts of the scandal to the business of the company.
Business Operations: The scandal severely impacted BHS's business operations. The company faced
financial difficulties, mounting debts, and an unsustainable business model. This led to a loss of investor
confidence and strained relationships with suppliers and creditors. Ultimately, BHS went into
administration and ceased operations, resulting in the closure of all its stores.
Customers: The scandal had implications for BHS customers. The uncertainty surrounding the company's
future and eventual collapse affected consumer trust and loyalty. Customers became hesitant to make
purchases or engage with the brand, leading to a decline in sales and footfall in BHS stores. The closure
of BHS stores also left customers without access to the products and services they had relied upon.
Employees: BHS employees were heavily impacted by the scandal. The collapse of the company resulted
in the loss of around 11,000 jobs. Employees faced immediate job insecurity, financial hardships, and
uncertainty about their future employment prospects. The situation not only affected their livelihoods
but also created emotional and psychological distress for those suddenly without work.
Domino Effect: The scandal had a domino effect, impacting suppliers, creditors, and other businesses
associated with BHS. Suppliers were left with unpaid invoices and financial losses due to the collapse of
BHS. The closure of BHS stores also affected the landlords who owned the premises and relied on rental
income. Additionally, the broader retail industry felt the ripple effects as consumer confidence waned,
impacting the sector.

8. Explain the role of Shareholders in the company

A shareholder is a person, firm, or organization who owns at least a percentage of a company's or mutual
fund's shares. Shareholders own the corporation in essence, which comes with particular rights and duties
(Hayes, 2023). Their proportion of ownership is determined by the number of shares they possess in
comparison to shareholders. Major shareholders who possess and control more than 50% of the business's
outstanding shares will be able to vote on corporate operations. Minority shareholders own less than 50%
of the business's stock, if even one share, and have no say in company decisions (Hayes, 2023).
Each company's stockholders play unique responsibilities in the company's effective operation and
development. One of the roles of the shareholders is to discuss, determine, and vote on the company's
director election and director salary. Everything is calculated accurately in order to offset the director's living
expenses and expenditures, which cannot compensate for the company's incentives. Furthermore,
Shareholders have a number of rights and responsibilities. These include:
Voting rights: Shareholders have the right to vote on important matters affecting the company, such as
the election of directors, the approval of major transactions, and amendments to the company's articles
of incorporation. The number of votes each shareholder has is proportional to the number of shares they
own.
Right to information: Shareholders have the right to access information about the company, such as its
financial statements, annual reports, and proxy statements. This information is important for
shareholders to make informed decisions about their investment.
Right to inspect the company's books and records: Shareholders have the right to inspect the company's
books and records, subject to certain limitations. This right allows shareholders to verify the accuracy of
the company's financial statements and to ensure that the company is being managed in their best
interests.
Right to sue the company: Shareholders have the right to sue the company if they believe that the
company has violated their rights or the law. This right is important for protecting the interests of
shareholders.
In addition to these rights, shareholders also have a number of responsibilities. These include:
Paying dividends: Shareholders are typically required to pay dividends on their shares. Dividends are
payments made by the company to its shareholders out of its profits.
Providing capital: Shareholders provide the company with capital by purchasing shares. This capital is
used by the company to operate its business and to grow.
Monitoring the company: Shareholders have a responsibility to monitor the company and to ensure that
it is being managed in their best interests. This can be done by attending shareholder meetings, voting
on important matters, and asking questions of the company's management.

9. Explain the way to raise capital for a company: Share capital

Share capital is the money that a company raises by selling shares to investors. When an investor buys shares,
they are essentially buying a portion of the company. The more shares an investor owns, the larger their
stake in the company.
Companies can raise share capital through a variety of methods, including issuing shares as follows:
Issue shares
Shares are a sort of security issued by a joint-stock corporation to confirm shareholders' capital contributions
to the company. Shares are proof that a company's shareholders possess shares. "Shares" are "certificates
issued by a joint-stock company, book entries or electronic data verified by a joint-stock company," according
to Article 121 of the Enterprise Law2020. acquire ownership of one or more of that company's shares." Thus,
the legislation of Vietnam recognizes shares in the form of tangible certificates, regardless of whether or not
journal entries are made. Joint stock firms are permitted by law to issue both ordinary and preference shares
(Le, 2021).
A, Common shares are perpetual security issued by joint stock firms, lasting as long as the corporation that
issued it does. Common shareholders have the power to vote and transfer their ownership rights to the firm.
However, founding shareholders must jointly register to buy at least 20% of the total number of ordinary
shares that may be offered for sale. Within three years of the certificate of business registration, founding
shareholders' common shares are freely transferable to other founding shareholders and can only be
transferred to persons (Le, 2021).
B, Preference shares have specific advantages over common shares and are subject to equivalent limitations.
A joint stock corporation may issue voting preference shares, which can only be owned by government-
authorized entities and founder shareholders. These shares give the shareholder more voting power than
ordinary shares and are only valid for three years after the firm receives its business registration certificate.
The level of preference and voting right are established by the General Meeting of Shareholders, and their
owners are not permitted to transfer them to third parties (Le, 2021).
Dividend preference shares pay dividends at a greater rate than regular shares or at a consistent yearly pace.
Shareholders who possess these shares do not have the power to vote, attend General Meetings of
Shareholders, or recommend members to the Board of Directors and Supervisory Board. Refundable
preference shares can be returned by the firm at any time if the owner requests it or if the requirements
indicated on the share are met (Le, 2021).
The process of issuing shares to the public involves several steps, including proposal, underwriting, team,
documentation, marketing, updates, and board & process. Underwriters present proposals and valuations,
discussing offerings, best securities, asking price, number of shares, and estimated time frame for the market
offering. The company selects its underwriter and agrees to underwrite the terms through an underwriting
agreement. The IPO team includes underwriters, attorneys, CPAs, and SEC experts (Dinh, 2022).
The primary IPO filing document is the S-1 Registration Statement, which includes a prospectus and privately
held filing information. The S-1 is regularly revised throughout the pre-IPO process, and the prospectus is
also revised from time to time. Marketing materials are created for the stock launch, and underwriters and
marketing executives estimate demand and establish the final asking price. Underwriters may revise their
financial analysis throughout the marketing process, changing the IPO price or adoption date as needed
(Dinh, 2022).
Companies must comply with exchange listing and SEC requirements for public companies. A board of
directors is formed and auditable accounting and financial reporting processes are ensured on a quarterly
basis. The company issues its shares on the day of the IPO, with capital received in cash and recorded as
equity on the balance sheet. The value of shares on the balance sheet is dependent on the company's equity
per share being valued comprehensively (Dinh, 2022).

10. Explain different types of companies according to Vietnamese Law (The Enterprise Law
2020) with references to:
10.1 Sole Trader/ Sole Proprietorship
Sole Proprietorship concept
Article 188 of the 2020 Enterprise Law stipulates the signs of private enterprise identification as follows:
Private enterprises are a type of enterprise (the concept of business and business prescribed in Clauses 7,
Clause 16, Article 4 of the Enterprise Law 2014: Enterprises are organizations with their own names, assets,
and abide. The transaction office is registered to establish in accordance with the law for business purposes.
Floor consumption or service providers in the market for profit. Other business enterprises and private
enterprises that are their own names are recognized by the State through the State's business registration
certificate; The purpose of private enterprises is to constantly carry out business activities to seek profits.
Characteristics of private enterprises
When establishing a private enterprise, investors must grasp the characteristics of this type of business to
make the right choice.
• Private enterprise is established and owned by an individual: Private enterprises do not appear the
same capital contribution as in many owners, the capital source of the enterprise also mainly comes
from the assets of a single individual.
• About capital ownership in the business: The initial source of private enterprises originated mainly
from the property of the business owner. In the course of operation, business owners have the right
to increase or decrease investment capital, only to declare to the business registration agency in case
of reducing capital to below the registered level. Therefore, there is no limit between the capital and
assets put into the business of the private enterprise and the rest is owned by the business owner.
That means it is impossible to separate the property of the owner of the private enterprise and the
property of that private enterprise.
• Ownership relationship decisions management relationship: Private enterprises have only one
investor, so individuals have the right to decide all issues related to the organization and operation
 of private enterprises. The owner of a private enterprise is the legal representative of the private
enterprise.
• About profit distribution: The issue of profit division is not posed for private enterprises because the
private enterprise has only one owner and the entire profit gained from the business of the enterprise
will belong to the business owner alone. However, that also means that the only individual will be
obliged to take all risks in business.
• Private enterprises have no legal status: A legal entity must have its own property, that is, there must
be a separation between the assets of that legal entity and the creator of the legal entity. Private
enterprises do not have independence of assets because the property of private enterprises is not
independent in relation to the property of the private enterprise owner.
• The owner of the private enterprise is not responsible for all the debts arising during the operation
process: Due to the independence of property, the owner of a private business - a person who is
responsible for all risks of the business will be subject to infinite liability. The owner of a private
enterprise is not only responsible for the business operations of the enterprise within the registered
investment capital but also responsible for all assets in case the registered investment capital is not
enough.

10.2. Partnership definition

According to Article 177 of the Enterprise Law 2020, a partnership is an entity in which at least two members
(individuals) are joint owners of the Company and do business under a common name. General partners are
personally accountable for the company's obligations with all of their assets. The corporation may have other
capital contributors in addition to general partners. Capital contributors are solely accountable for the firm's
obligations up to the amount of money provided to the company. The partnership has legal standing as of
the day the business registration certificate was issued.
Features of a partnership company:
A partnership must have at least two general partners, who are co-owners of the firm. There may also be
capital donors. Unless otherwise approved by the remaining general partners, a general partner may not be
the owner of a private firm or a general partner of another partnership. General partners are not permitted
to do business under the same or another person's name in the same line of business of that firm for personal
benefit or to serve the interests of other organizations or persons. Without the approval of the remaining
general partners, general partners are not permitted to transfer part or all of their capital investment in the
firm to another individual.
Make capital contribution and issue certificates of capital contribution:
General partners and capital contributors must contribute the agreed-upon amount of capital in whole and
on time. General partners who fail to contribute the pledged amount of capital in whole and on schedule,
causing harm to the firm, must compensate the company for the damage. If a capital-contributing member
fails to contribute the pledged capital in whole and on time, the incompletely provided capital has been
deemed a debt to the business; in this event, the relevant capital-contributing member may be removed
from the company by resolution of the Members' Council. The member receives a certificate of capital
contribution upon fully contributing the capital as agreed.
Assets of the partnership company:
The assets of a partnership include: Assets donated to the firm as capital contributions by members; - Assets
generated in the company's name; - Assets gained from business operations undertaken by general partners
on behalf of the company and by general partners on behalf of people; - Additional assets as stipulated by
law.
Legal counsel and business management:
General partners have the legal authority to represent the firm and manage its day-to-day activities. Any
limitation imposed on a general partner in the day-to-day operation of the firm becomes enforceable against
a third party only when that person is made aware of it.

10.3 Limited Liability company

According to current Vietnamese legislation, a limited liability company is a form of enterprise with a
recognized legal existence. The owner and corporation are two distinct legal entities, with the company being
a legal person and the owner being a natural person (lawkey, n, d) .
A single-member limited liability corporation is a business run by a single person or group (the company
owner). Up to the extent of the company's charter capital, the owner is personally liable for any debts and
other property responsibilities. As of the day the Certificate of Business Registration was issued, a one-
member limited liability corporation can conduct business. Unless it changes into a stock corporation, a
limited liability business with only one member is not permitted to issue shares. In accordance with this Law
and other relevant legislation, a one-member limited liability corporation may issue bonds and engage in a
private placement of bonds in line with Articles 128 and 129 of the Enterprise Law 2020 (Thuvienphapluat,
2022).
A limited liability company with two or more members is a business with between two and fifty organizations
or individuals as members. A member is liable for the debts and other property responsibilities of the
enterprise up to the amount of capital donated, except in the cases outlined in Clause 4, Article 47 of the
Enterprise 2020 Law. The capital contribution of the member Members may only be moved in accordance
with the Business Law 2020's Articles 51, 52, and 53. A limited liability corporation with two or more
members has legal status upon issuance of the Certificate of Business Registration; nevertheless, it is
prohibited from issuing shares unless it converts into a joint stock company (Thuvienphapluat, 2022).
A joint stock company is a type of enterprise in which charter capital is divided into equal parts called shares.
Shareholders are individuals or organizations that will own shares, with a minimum of 3 shareholders and no
limit on the maximum number. The profits that shareholders receive from owning shares are dividends. The
company's charter is an agreement between the owners of the company, a commitment and binding of
members in a common law, and prescribes the principles on how to establish, manage and operate. The
company's charter includes the name and address of the head office, name, address of branch and
representative office (if any), business, authorized capital, full name, contact address, nationality of the
company owner, of the founding shareholder, number of shares, types of shares, par value of each type of
shares of founding shareholders, rights and obligations of shareholders for joint-stock companies,
management structure, number and management titles and rights and obligations of the legal representative
of the enterprise, division of rights and obligations of the legal representative in case the company has more
than one legal representative, and division of rights and obligations of the legal representative in case the
company has more than one legal representative (thuvienphapluat, 2022).

10.4 Joint stock company

The company's charter is an important document in the management of an enterprise, as it stipulates the
core and important issues in business operations: organizational structure, the mode of adoption of
decisions, internal dispute settlement principles, bases and methods for determining salary, remuneration
and the bonus of managers and Controllers, the right to request the company to buy back the contributed
capital, principles of profit sharing after tax and handling of business losses, in case of dissolution, order of
dissolution and procedures for liquidation of company assets, and procedure for amending and
supplementing the company's charter. The company's charter is established on a voluntary basis, unifying
the most powerful agency in the company, which is the shareholder meeting, because it has high application
value, throughout all activities. In many company activities as well as arising disputes, the provisions of the
company's charter may take precedence over the law (thuvienphapluat, 2022).

11. Ways to resolve the dispute

11.1. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of 2 different sources of legal advice: Mediation and
Conciliation.
Definition
Mediation: Mediation is a voluntary and confidential dispute resolution procedure in which a neutral third
party known as a mediator aids the parties in settling their issues. The mediator encourages discussion and
negotiation between the parties, assisting them in identifying their underlying interests and reaching
mutually beneficial solutions. The mediator does not make judgments or give legal advice; instead, he or she
serves as a facilitator to foster understanding, collaboration, and the exploration of solutions. The purpose
of mediation is to create a mutually agreeable agreement that satisfies the concerns and interests of the
parties (fmacs, n, d)
Conciliation: A conciliator is a neutral third party who aids parties in settling their disagreements. In
comparison to a mediator, the conciliator takes a more active role by providing direction, suggesting viable
solutions, and, if necessary, providing legal advice. The conciliator has the authority to interfere actively in
the negotiating process, suggest settlement conditions, and make recommendations to the parties.
Conciliation's goal is to urge parties to achieve an agreement by employing the conciliator's knowledge and
support (fmacs, n, d).
Difference
In the mediation process, an unbiased third person is assigned to resolve issues between the parties by
establishing channels of communication using negotiating strategies. Conciliation, on the other hand, entails
appointing an unbiased third party to assist the parties in reaching a mutually acceptable settlement by giving
potential alternatives and options. The mediation process is formally recognized and controlled by the
requirements of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. In contrast, the conciliation process in India is controlled
by the rules of a particular legislation, the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, of 1996.The degree of secrecy is
another differentiating feature of mediation and conciliation processes. Whereas in mediation, the degree
of secrecy was defined by the parties will and trust, mediation is distinguished by the legal obligation on the
level of confidentiality to be maintained. In mediation, the third party only serves as a facilitator and
facilitates communication, whereas in conciliation, the third party serves as more than just a facilitator, as
they not only facilitate the conversation or communication but also provide solutions as experts. The
mediation procedure concludes with a mutual agreement between the parties, whereas the conciliation
method concludes with a mutual agreement between the two parties (LawRato, n, d)

11.2. Compare and contrast of various ways/ methods to obtain these legal solutions (ways to resolve the
dispute): Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and civil litigation procedures (court). Advantages and
disadvantages with respect to: time saving; procedure; economic aspect; confidentiality; remaining
relationship; should be taken to assess the effectiveness.
Time-Saving:
ADR: ADR can be a less expensive and time-consuming alternative to going to court. By avoiding protracted
court processes, parties can save money on legal bills and shorten the time it takes to obtain a decision
(legalthomsonreuters, 2022).
Court: Due to the organized legal procedures involved, the court can be time-consuming. Depending on
the intricacy of the case and the availability of the court, each of these processes might take weeks or
months to complete. As a result, civil litigation may be a time-consuming and costly procedure for the
parties involved (Burke, 2017)
Procedure:
ADR: ADR methods tend to be more cost-effective than civil litigation. ADR avoids many of the costs
associated with court proceedings, such as court fees, attorneys' fees to prepare for extensive litigation,
and costs associated with extensive discovery. ADRs can save parties significant financial resources
(thomsonreuters, 2022).
Court: Court may be an incredibly costly endeavor. While it is true that the victorious party can collect the
opposing party's legal fees in most circumstances, it is doubtful that one side will be able to recover all of
its legal fees. Finding an attorney and then dealing with the charges of attorneys' fees and court fees may
be time-consuming and expensive (Jarvis, 2020).
Economic Aspect:
ADR: ADR methods generally tend to be more cost-effective compared to civil litigation. ADR avoids many
of the expenses associated with court proceedings, such as court fees, attorney fees for extensive litigation
preparation, and costs related to extensive discovery. ADR can save parties significant financial resources
(ThomsonReuters, 2022).
Court: Courts can be an extremely expensive undertaking. While it is true that in most cases the prevailing
party can claim the other party's legal costs, it is unlikely that one party will be able to recover all of its
legal costs. The court is sometimes an expensive procedure, due to the fact that the litigation process can
be very unpredictable, even for experienced attorneys (Ahluwalia, 2021)
Confidentiality:
ADR: Alternative processes are typically confidential, meaning the fight is out of the public eye and —
more importantly — sensitive documents, trade secrets, etc. are protected from disclosure
(ThomsonReuters, 2022).
Civil Litigation: Court proceedings are usually accessible to the public, which means that the details of the
case become public record. The evidence, arguments, and documents presented in court may be made
available to the public, including the media and other interested parties. (AddleshawGoddard, 2021).
Remaining Relationship:
This element is heavily influenced by the antagonism of the two conflicting parties. When the two parties
decide to go to court to settle their issue, it is safe to assume that they are antagonistic to one another.
As a result, determining the plaintiff and defendant's future connection is extremely difficult. ADR, on the
other hand, can be a less confrontational and unfriendly method of settling disagreements. An skilled
mediator, for example, can assist the parties in successfully communicating their demands and points of
 view to the opposing side. This can be a significant benefit when the parties' connection must be preserved
(Ca.gov, 2023).

Effectiveness Assessment:
ADR: Allowing partners greater control and input over the process and outcome may boost satisfaction.
Fostering voluntary and mutually agreeable agreements may increase compliance. May boost durability
by addressing the parties' underlying interests and wants. - May help to maintain or develop relationships
by encouraging cooperation, communication, and mutual understanding. Access may be improved by
lowering prices, delays, and formalities (Civil Justice Council,2021).
Court: imposing legally binding and enforceable judgments may help to increase compliance. Increase
long-term viability by creating legal precedents that may be used to guide future cases or discourage
similar battles. Allowing parties to delegate responsibility to attorneys and judges may help to preserve
relationships. Access can be assured by providing a public and fair dispute resolution venue (britannica,
2023).
While ADR has numerous advantages, it does not eliminate the need for courts. Courts continue to have
benefits that ADR cannot provide. Court processes guarantee that conflicts are fairly settled. The decision
of the judge is irrelevant to the contesting parties. It will instead be based on the information and facts
acquired, as well as the testimony of witnesses. As a result, the judge's ruling is objective and based on
current evidence. Furthermore, the judge's ruling is permanent and binding on both the plaintiff and the
defendant (ADCOLaw, 2021).

12. To further enhance your illustration, you may have in depth analysis of how other
broader legislations/ regulations or standards make effects on business by:
One of Vietnam's biggest IT service providers, FPT focuses on offering technology-related goods and
services. FPT's management structure serves as a constant lesson for small and medium-sized businesses
in Vietnam because of its size and importance. On the website of the State Securities Commission of
Vietnam, FPT regularly advertises the "Statute of FPT Joint Stock Company" (FPT Securities, 2022). In
chapter 2 about shareholders and co-shareholders. Article 7 refers to Reports on Activities of the Board
of Directors at the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders Unless otherwise provided for by law or the
Charter, the report on activities of the Board of Directors shall be submitted to the Annual General Meeting
of Shareholders.

FPT always has a Board of Directors and a Supervisory Board. These two groups of positions are required
to report together at each Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. This is contained in the items under
Article 139 of the General Meeting of Shareholders under Enterprise Law 2020. It is also contained in the
company's charter and internal procedures. FPT rules are rather strict. The legislation can and has been
more specific. The eight items listed above must be included in the Board of Directors' report on Board of
Directors' activity, according to FPT.

The laws that have adjusted FPT's internal regulations are clearly shown in the sections. FPT's charter and
internal regulations when published on the web portal of the State Securities Commission of Vietnam
should fully meet the requirements in Decision 515/QD-UBCK 2012 on handling and information disclosure.
At the same time, even in FPT's charter and internal regulations, the content is also indicated based on
Clause 3, Article 163 of the Enterprise Law 2020 and the Company's Charter. Therefore, the Law has been
the basis for FPT to develop its regulations. FPT needs to rely on available laws and decisions to comply
with and issue internal regulations. FPT's charter has similarities with Clause 3, Article 163 of the Enterprise
Law 2020. The remuneration of each member of the Board of Directors, the salary of the Director or
General Director and other managers shall be included in the business expenses of the company in
accordance with the law on corporate income tax. appear as a separate item in the company's annual
financial statements and must be reported to the General Meeting of Shareholders at the annual meeting.

FPT's charter and internal regulations on corporate governance are highly legal, because as analyzed above,
FPT's Charter has similarities with legal provisions. According to Thanh (2021), FPT was based on the legal
basis to build internal governance regulations on corporate governance. Specifically, they still develop
internal regulations that fully meet the legal basis: Enterprise Law 2020, Decree No. 71/2017/ND-CP dated
June 6, 2017 of the Government guiding on corporate governance. companies applicable to public
companies; Circular No. 95/2017/TT-BTC dated September 22, 2017 of the Ministry of Finance guiding a
number of articles of

Aside from the similarities, it is also important to note the clearly stated differences. Decree 71/2017/ND-
CP of June 6, 2017 guiding military rules applicable to public companies. In addition, with specific
regulations, FPT always clearly states the legal document it is based on. For example, with article 7 of FPT
above, they have specifically stated that the regulation is based on Clause 3, Article 163 of the Enterprise
Law. 2020 and the Company's Charter. The provisions of the law in general and the law on enterprises in
particular cannot be detailed and adjusted appropriately for the organisation and operation of all
companies, therefore the charter and internal regulations Each company's set is different.
 The connection between internal regulations, standards of the association and the law is clearly shown in
legal documents. When developing and promulgating the Charter and internal regulations, companies
should note that the contents of the Charter and internal regulations must not contravene the provisions
of current laws.

Currently, the Enterprise Law 2014 has many laws that allow companies to make more decisions on their
own through the following provisions: "The company's charter does not provide otherwise" or "The
company's charter does not stipulate". This is also clearly reflected in FPT's documents, they always
emphasise that "Unless the law or the Charter provides otherwise, then..." It can be seen that the Law is
the basis for publicity. The Company promulgates the Charter and Internal Regulations. Comply with the
provisions of the law related to the organisation and operation of the Association. The company's charter
and the ministry's governance regulations are considered as the "law" of each enterprise, the foundation
for building and managing a solid, civilised and progressive team.

13. Figure out the advantages and disadvantages of a Sole Trader. Good examples or data
should be provided to support the analysis.
Advantage
The owner has full authority over all business activities in the organization. Because private companies only
have one investor, trading options is simple and quick. The Owner manages himself or hires a manager and
the Owner is the legal representative, according to Thuvienphapluat (2022). (Article 190). This shows that
the owner has full control over the operations of the company.
Since the liability of private enterprises is unlimited, it is easier to gain the trust of consumers and partners.
Since the investor has unlimited liability for the company, it is simple to gain the trust of partners and
consumers, and to minimize the risks of cooperation. According to Lawkey (n, d), private companies can
easily win the trust of partners when operating under unlimited liability. It's simple to raise funds and form
corporate partnerships.
A sole proprietorship often has a higher reputation than other businesses because the owner of the business
has unlimited liability to the business. According to Thuvienphapluat (2020), because the liability regime of
private enterprises is unlimited, it is easier to gain trust from customers and partners and customers can
minimize risks when cooperating.
Defect
The first disadvantage is that you have unlimited personal liability as a lone trader. This implies that you are
personally responsible for all obligations and liabilities of the company. If your company collapses or falls into
legal problems, your personal assets could be at stake. Thuvienphapluat (2022), Article 188 provides that the
owner has unlimited liability with his entire property. That is, if the company's assets are not sufficient to
pay its debts and other financial commitments, the owner will have to use his or her personal assets to pay
these debts. A real-life example is a company called Xinghua Down which specializes in the production of fur
coats in Zhejiang province, China, which went bankrupt after the 2008 financial crisis, so the owner of this
business, The total debt of the business is about 3 million USD. (Hong Hanh, 2022).
Furthermore, because private companies lack legal status, they are not allowed to complete some contracts
as required by law. In particular, it is difficult to issue any type of securities, such as this stock which is a bond,
which puts the company at a disadvantage in terms of charter capital. According to Thuvienphapluat (n, d),
a private enterprise is not allowed to issue any type of securities under Clause 2, Article 188.

14. Point out which type of business organization is the most popular in the UK and
explain the reason with good examples, evidence or data.
The private limited company, sometimes known as a limited company or Ltd, is the most common type of
business entity in the UK. Due to its adaptability, distinct legal position, limitation of liability, and the
possibility of expansion and investment, this type of corporate structure is highly favored by entrepreneurs
and business owners. It creates a distinct division between the business's assets and the owner’s personal
property. Private limited companies are accountable and transparent since they must submit annual financial
statements to the Companies House. This is required by the Companies Act 2006, which governs them.

Types of companies on total UK registrations for 2020 to 2021

According to GOV.UK (2019), there were 4,881,084 companies registered in March 2021. Of these, 4,539,191
were private limited liability companies, accounting for 93% of the total number of companies.
Additionally, there were 5.6 million private sector businesses in the UK at the start of 2021, of which 2.3
million were registered for VAT or PAYE. The rest were unregistered businesses, such as sole traders and
partnerships. The number of private sector businesses decreased by 6.5% compared to 2020, mainly due to
a fall in unregistered businesses (GOV.UK, 2021).
Therefore, based on these sources, we can estimate that private limited companies make up about 81% of
all registered private sector businesses in the UK (4.5 million out of 5.6 million), and about 43% of all private
sector businesses including unregistered ones (4.5 million out of 10.4 million) (GOV.UK, 2021).
Private limited corporations are a common choice among business owners, as seen by their prevalence in
today's commercial sectors and how frequently they are chosen. This kind of business is frequently chosen
due to its simplicity of management and low risk for investors, business owners, or a small number of
business members (Lawkey, n.d.). The organizational structure of this sort of business is relatively
straightforward and unconstrained in terms of business lines, which enables the business owner to easily
oversee capital contribution and transfer as well as business cooperation.

15. The most popular way to obtain the legal solution in Vietnam.
In the UK, although alternative dispute resolution methods have become more popular than in the past,
mediation is still the most widely used method. Mediation rates refer to how often it is used and how
successful it is at resolving disputes. According to BRODIES (2021), the number of mediations conducted in
England and Wales has increased by 38% (from 12,000 in the 2018 report to 16,500 in the 2020 report). The
mediation resolution rate is 93%, an improvement from 89% in the 2018 audit. This is with 73% of cases
resolved within the same day and 21% immediately. Mediation is also cheaper and faster than proceeding
to court, saving £10,000 and 14 months per case. From that, it can be seen that UK citizens still give priority
to mediation in civil, marriage and family, and labor disputes.

16. Conclusion
In conclusion, Law is very important in today's social life. This report, basic contract principles and some
company laws have been mentioned in this study. Explains the impact of the breach on the company's
business and offers a way to resolve contract scandals with mediation and legal resolution. Explain the impact
of the British Home Stores scandal in the UK on the company's business. How to raise equity capital and
explain the role of each department such as Directors, auditors, and shareholders in the company are also
provided, in addition, the report also helps readers better understand how to classify shareholders. , stocks,
and the role of each. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of 2 different sources of legal advice Mediation
and Conciliation. Presents strengths and weaknesses as well as notable solutions revealed through the
investigation of individual situations. In general, the UK market is a market worth considering and expanding
investment. Understanding corporate law can avoid unnecessary risks.

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