Professional Documents
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Form W9
Form W9
Form
(Rev. October 2018)
W-9 Request for Taxpayer
Identification Number and Certification
Give Form to the
requester. Do not
Department of the Treasury send to the IRS.
Internal Revenue Service ▶ Go to www.irs.gov/FormW9 for instructions and the latest information.
1 Name (as shown on your income tax return). Name is required on this line; do not leave this line blank.
Ashok Shrestha
2 Business name/disregarded entity name, if different from above
See Specific Instructions on page 3.
3 Check appropriate box for federal tax classification of the person whose name is entered on line 1. Check only one of the 4 Exemptions (codes apply only to
following seven boxes. certain entities, not individuals; see
instructions on page 3):
✔ Individual/sole proprietor or C Corporation S Corporation Partnership Trust/estate
single-member LLC Exempt payee code (if any)
Print or type.
Limited liability company. Enter the tax classification (C=C corporation, S=S corporation, P=Partnership) ▶
Note: Check the appropriate box in the line above for the tax classification of the single-member owner. Do not check Exemption from FATCA reporting
LLC if the LLC is classified as a single-member LLC that is disregarded from the owner unless the owner of the LLC is
code (if any)
another LLC that is not disregarded from the owner for U.S. federal tax purposes. Otherwise, a single-member LLC that
is disregarded from the owner should check the appropriate box for the tax classification of its owner.
Other (see instructions) ▶ (Applies to accounts maintained outside the U.S.)
5 Address (number, street, and apt. or suite no.) See instructions. Requester’s name and address (optional)
Part II Certification
Under penalties of perjury, I certify that:
1. The number shown on this form is my correct taxpayer identification number (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me); and
2. I am not subject to backup withholding because: (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS) that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am
no longer subject to backup withholding; and
3. I am a U.S. citizen or other U.S. person (defined below); and
4. The FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that I am exempt from FATCA reporting is correct.
Certification instructions. You must cross out item 2 above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are currently subject to backup withholding because
you have failed to report all interest and dividends on your tax return. For real estate transactions, item 2 does not apply. For mortgage interest paid,
acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, contributions to an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), and generally, payments
other than interest and dividends, you are not required to sign the certification, but you must provide your correct TIN. See the instructions for Part II, later.
Sign Signature of
Here U.S. person ▶ Date ▶ 6/13/2023
General Instructions • Form 1099-DIV (dividends, including those from stocks or mutual
funds)
Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise • Form 1099-MISC (various types of income, prizes, awards, or gross
noted. proceeds)
Future developments. For the latest information about developments • Form 1099-B (stock or mutual fund sales and certain other
related to Form W-9 and its instructions, such as legislation enacted transactions by brokers)
after they were published, go to www.irs.gov/FormW9.
• Form 1099-S (proceeds from real estate transactions)
Purpose of Form • Form 1099-K (merchant card and third party network transactions)
An individual or entity (Form W-9 requester) who is required to file an • Form 1098 (home mortgage interest), 1098-E (student loan interest),
information return with the IRS must obtain your correct taxpayer 1098-T (tuition)
identification number (TIN) which may be your social security number • Form 1099-C (canceled debt)
(SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN), adoption
• Form 1099-A (acquisition or abandonment of secured property)
taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer identification number
(EIN), to report on an information return the amount paid to you, or other Use Form W-9 only if you are a U.S. person (including a resident
amount reportable on an information return. Examples of information alien), to provide your correct TIN.
returns include, but are not limited to, the following. If you do not return Form W-9 to the requester with a TIN, you might
• Form 1099-INT (interest earned or paid) be subject to backup withholding. See What is backup withholding,
later.
By signing the filled-out form, you: Example. Article 20 of the U.S.-China income tax treaty allows an
1. Certify that the TIN you are giving is correct (or you are waiting for a exemption from tax for scholarship income received by a Chinese
number to be issued), student temporarily present in the United States. Under U.S. law, this
student will become a resident alien for tax purposes if his or her stay in
2. Certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, or the United States exceeds 5 calendar years. However, paragraph 2 of
3. Claim exemption from backup withholding if you are a U.S. exempt the first Protocol to the U.S.-China treaty (dated April 30, 1984) allows
payee. If applicable, you are also certifying that as a U.S. person, your the provisions of Article 20 to continue to apply even after the Chinese
allocable share of any partnership income from a U.S. trade or business student becomes a resident alien of the United States. A Chinese
is not subject to the withholding tax on foreign partners' share of student who qualifies for this exception (under paragraph 2 of the first
effectively connected income, and protocol) and is relying on this exception to claim an exemption from tax
4. Certify that FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating on his or her scholarship or fellowship income would attach to Form
that you are exempt from the FATCA reporting, is correct. See What is W-9 a statement that includes the information described above to
FATCA reporting, later, for further information. support that exemption.
Note: If you are a U.S. person and a requester gives you a form other If you are a nonresident alien or a foreign entity, give the requester the
than Form W-9 to request your TIN, you must use the requester’s form if appropriate completed Form W-8 or Form 8233.
it is substantially similar to this Form W-9.
Backup Withholding
Definition of a U.S. person. For federal tax purposes, you are
considered a U.S. person if you are: What is backup withholding? Persons making certain payments to you
must under certain conditions withhold and pay to the IRS 24% of such
• An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien; payments. This is called “backup withholding.” Payments that may be
• A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or subject to backup withholding include interest, tax-exempt interest,
organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States; dividends, broker and barter exchange transactions, rents, royalties,
• An estate (other than a foreign estate); or nonemployee pay, payments made in settlement of payment card and
third party network transactions, and certain payments from fishing boat
• A domestic trust (as defined in Regulations section 301.7701-7). operators. Real estate transactions are not subject to backup
Special rules for partnerships. Partnerships that conduct a trade or withholding.
business in the United States are generally required to pay a withholding You will not be subject to backup withholding on payments you
tax under section 1446 on any foreign partners’ share of effectively receive if you give the requester your correct TIN, make the proper
connected taxable income from such business. Further, in certain cases certifications, and report all your taxable interest and dividends on your
where a Form W-9 has not been received, the rules under section 1446 tax return.
require a partnership to presume that a partner is a foreign person, and
pay the section 1446 withholding tax. Therefore, if you are a U.S. person Payments you receive will be subject to backup withholding if:
that is a partner in a partnership conducting a trade or business in the 1. You do not furnish your TIN to the requester,
United States, provide Form W-9 to the partnership to establish your 2. You do not certify your TIN when required (see the instructions for
U.S. status and avoid section 1446 withholding on your share of Part II for details),
partnership income.
3. The IRS tells the requester that you furnished an incorrect TIN,
In the cases below, the following person must give Form W-9 to the
partnership for purposes of establishing its U.S. status and avoiding 4. The IRS tells you that you are subject to backup withholding
withholding on its allocable share of net income from the partnership because you did not report all your interest and dividends on your tax
conducting a trade or business in the United States. return (for reportable interest and dividends only), or
• In the case of a disregarded entity with a U.S. owner, the U.S. owner 5. You do not certify to the requester that you are not subject to
of the disregarded entity and not the entity; backup withholding under 4 above (for reportable interest and dividend
accounts opened after 1983 only).
• In the case of a grantor trust with a U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner,
generally, the U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner of the grantor trust and Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding.
not the trust; and See Exempt payee code, later, and the separate Instructions for the
Requester of Form W-9 for more information.
• In the case of a U.S. trust (other than a grantor trust), the U.S. trust
(other than a grantor trust) and not the beneficiaries of the trust. Also see Special rules for partnerships, earlier.
Foreign person. If you are a foreign person or the U.S. branch of a
foreign bank that has elected to be treated as a U.S. person, do not use
What is FATCA Reporting?
Form W-9. Instead, use the appropriate Form W-8 or Form 8233 (see The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires a
Pub. 515, Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign participating foreign financial institution to report all United States
Entities). account holders that are specified United States persons. Certain
payees are exempt from FATCA reporting. See Exemption from FATCA
Nonresident alien who becomes a resident alien. Generally, only a
reporting code, later, and the Instructions for the Requester of Form
nonresident alien individual may use the terms of a tax treaty to reduce
W-9 for more information.
or eliminate U.S. tax on certain types of income. However, most tax
treaties contain a provision known as a “saving clause.” Exceptions
specified in the saving clause may permit an exemption from tax to
Updating Your Information
continue for certain types of income even after the payee has otherwise You must provide updated information to any person to whom you
become a U.S. resident alien for tax purposes. claimed to be an exempt payee if you are no longer an exempt payee
If you are a U.S. resident alien who is relying on an exception and anticipate receiving reportable payments in the future from this
contained in the saving clause of a tax treaty to claim an exemption person. For example, you may need to provide updated information if
from U.S. tax on certain types of income, you must attach a statement you are a C corporation that elects to be an S corporation, or if you no
to Form W-9 that specifies the following five items. longer are tax exempt. In addition, you must furnish a new Form W-9 if
1. The treaty country. Generally, this must be the same treaty under the name or TIN changes for the account; for example, if the grantor of a
which you claimed exemption from tax as a nonresident alien. grantor trust dies.
2. The treaty article addressing the income.
3. The article number (or location) in the tax treaty that contains the
Penalties
saving clause and its exceptions. Failure to furnish TIN. If you fail to furnish your correct TIN to a
4. The type and amount of income that qualifies for the exemption requester, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure
from tax. unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
5. Sufficient facts to justify the exemption from tax under the terms of Civil penalty for false information with respect to withholding. If you
the treaty article. make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no
backup withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty.
DocuSign Envelope ID: DF2D1038-529B-4F67-9B82-2895531EB4CB
Criminal penalty for falsifying information. Willfully falsifying IF the entity/person on line 1 is THEN check the box for . . .
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties a(n) . . .
including fines and/or imprisonment.
Misuse of TINs. If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of • Corporation Corporation
federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties. • Individual Individual/sole proprietor or single-
• Sole proprietorship, or member LLC
Specific Instructions • Single-member limited liability
company (LLC) owned by an
Line 1 individual and disregarded for U.S.
You must enter one of the following on this line; do not leave this line federal tax purposes.
blank. The name should match the name on your tax return.
• LLC treated as a partnership for Limited liability company and enter
If this Form W-9 is for a joint account (other than an account U.S. federal tax purposes, the appropriate tax classification.
maintained by a foreign financial institution (FFI)), list first, and then • LLC that has filed Form 8832 or (P= Partnership; C= C corporation;
circle, the name of the person or entity whose number you entered in 2553 to be taxed as a corporation, or S= S corporation)
Part I of Form W-9. If you are providing Form W-9 to an FFI to document or
a joint account, each holder of the account that is a U.S. person must
provide a Form W-9. • LLC that is disregarded as an
entity separate from its owner but
a. Individual. Generally, enter the name shown on your tax return. If the owner is another LLC that is
you have changed your last name without informing the Social Security not disregarded for U.S. federal tax
Administration (SSA) of the name change, enter your first name, the last purposes.
name as shown on your social security card, and your new last name.
Note: ITIN applicant: Enter your individual name as it was entered on • Partnership Partnership
your Form W-7 application, line 1a. This should also be the same as the • Trust/estate Trust/estate
name you entered on the Form 1040/1040A/1040EZ you filed with your
application. Line 4, Exemptions
b. Sole proprietor or single-member LLC. Enter your individual If you are exempt from backup withholding and/or FATCA reporting,
name as shown on your 1040/1040A/1040EZ on line 1. You may enter enter in the appropriate space on line 4 any code(s) that may apply to
your business, trade, or “doing business as” (DBA) name on line 2. you.
c. Partnership, LLC that is not a single-member LLC, C Exempt payee code.
corporation, or S corporation. Enter the entity's name as shown on the • Generally, individuals (including sole proprietors) are not exempt from
entity's tax return on line 1 and any business, trade, or DBA name on backup withholding.
line 2. • Except as provided below, corporations are exempt from backup
d. Other entities. Enter your name as shown on required U.S. federal withholding for certain payments, including interest and dividends.
tax documents on line 1. This name should match the name shown on the • Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding for payments
charter or other legal document creating the entity. You may enter any made in settlement of payment card or third party network transactions.
business, trade, or DBA name on line 2.
• Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding with respect to
e. Disregarded entity. For U.S. federal tax purposes, an entity that is attorneys’ fees or gross proceeds paid to attorneys, and corporations
disregarded as an entity separate from its owner is treated as a that provide medical or health care services are not exempt with respect
“disregarded entity.” See Regulations section 301.7701-2(c)(2)(iii). Enter to payments reportable on Form 1099-MISC.
the owner's name on line 1. The name of the entity entered on line 1
should never be a disregarded entity. The name on line 1 should be the The following codes identify payees that are exempt from backup
name shown on the income tax return on which the income should be withholding. Enter the appropriate code in the space in line 4.
reported. For example, if a foreign LLC that is treated as a disregarded 1—An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any IRA, or
entity for U.S. federal tax purposes has a single owner that is a U.S. a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the
person, the U.S. owner's name is required to be provided on line 1. If requirements of section 401(f)(2)
the direct owner of the entity is also a disregarded entity, enter the first 2—The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities
owner that is not disregarded for federal tax purposes. Enter the
disregarded entity's name on line 2, “Business name/disregarded entity 3—A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or
name.” If the owner of the disregarded entity is a foreign person, the possession, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities
owner must complete an appropriate Form W-8 instead of a Form W-9. 4—A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies,
This is the case even if the foreign person has a U.S. TIN. or instrumentalities
Line 2 5—A corporation
6—A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the
If you have a business name, trade name, DBA name, or disregarded
United States, the District of Columbia, or a U.S. commonwealth or
entity name, you may enter it on line 2.
possession
Line 3 7—A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity
Check the appropriate box on line 3 for the U.S. federal tax Futures Trading Commission
classification of the person whose name is entered on line 1. Check only 8—A real estate investment trust
one box on line 3. 9—An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the
Investment Company Act of 1940
10—A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a)
11—A financial institution
12—A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or
custodian
13—A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section
4947
DocuSign Envelope ID: DF2D1038-529B-4F67-9B82-2895531EB4CB
The following chart shows types of payments that may be exempt M—A tax exempt trust under a section 403(b) plan or section 457(g)
from backup withholding. The chart applies to the exempt payees listed plan
above, 1 through 13. Note: You may wish to consult with the financial institution requesting
IF the payment is for . . . THEN the payment is exempt this form to determine whether the FATCA code and/or exempt payee
for . . . code should be completed.
1. Interest, dividend, and barter exchange accounts opened For this type of account: Give name and EIN of:
before 1984 and broker accounts considered active during 1983.
14. Account with the Department of The public entity
You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the
Agriculture in the name of a public
certification.
entity (such as a state or local
2. Interest, dividend, broker, and barter exchange accounts government, school district, or
opened after 1983 and broker accounts considered inactive during prison) that receives agricultural
1983. You must sign the certification or backup withholding will apply. If program payments
you are subject to backup withholding and you are merely providing
your correct TIN to the requester, you must cross out item 2 in the 15. Grantor trust filing under the Form The trust
certification before signing the form. 1041 Filing Method or the Optional
Form 1099 Filing Method 2 (see
3. Real estate transactions. You must sign the certification. You may
Regulations section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i)(B))
cross out item 2 of the certification.
4. Other payments. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not 1
List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
have to sign the certification unless you have been notified that you If only one person on a joint account has an SSN, that person’s number
have previously given an incorrect TIN. “Other payments” include must be furnished.
payments made in the course of the requester’s trade or business for 2
Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s SSN.
rents, royalties, goods (other than bills for merchandise), medical and
3
health care services (including payments to corporations), payments to You must show your individual name and you may also enter your
a nonemployee for services, payments made in settlement of payment business or DBA name on the “Business name/disregarded entity”
card and third party network transactions, payments to certain fishing name line. You may use either your SSN or EIN (if you have one), but the
boat crew members and fishermen, and gross proceeds paid to IRS encourages you to use your SSN.
attorneys (including payments to corporations). 4
List first and circle the name of the trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do
5. Mortgage interest paid by you, acquisition or abandonment of not furnish the TIN of the personal representative or trustee unless the
secured property, cancellation of debt, qualified tuition program legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.) Also see Special
payments (under section 529), ABLE accounts (under section 529A), rules for partnerships, earlier.
IRA, Coverdell ESA, Archer MSA or HSA contributions or *Note: The grantor also must provide a Form W-9 to trustee of trust.
distributions, and pension distributions. You must give your correct
Note: If no name is circled when more than one name is listed, the
TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.
number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.
What Name and Number To Give the Requester Secure Your Tax Records From Identity Theft
For this type of account: Give name and SSN of:
Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personal information
1. Individual The individual such as your name, SSN, or other identifying information, without your
2. Two or more individuals (joint The actual owner of the account or, if permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. An identity thief may use
account) other than an account combined funds, the first individual on your SSN to get a job or may file a tax return using your SSN to receive
maintained by an FFI the account
1 a refund.
3. Two or more U.S. persons Each holder of the account To reduce your risk:
(joint account maintained by an FFI) • Protect your SSN,
4. Custodial account of a minor The minor
2
• Ensure your employer is protecting your SSN, and
(Uniform Gift to Minors Act) • Be careful when choosing a tax preparer.
1
5. a. The usual revocable savings trust The grantor-trustee If your tax records are affected by identity theft and you receive a
(grantor is also trustee)
1 notice from the IRS, respond right away to the name and phone number
b. So-called trust account that is not The actual owner printed on the IRS notice or letter.
a legal or valid trust under state law
If your tax records are not currently affected by identity theft but you
6. Sole proprietorship or disregarded 3
The owner think you are at risk due to a lost or stolen purse or wallet, questionable
entity owned by an individual credit card activity or credit report, contact the IRS Identity Theft Hotline
7. Grantor trust filing under Optional The grantor* at 1-800-908-4490 or submit Form 14039.
Form 1099 Filing Method 1 (see For more information, see Pub. 5027, Identity Theft Information for
Regulations section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i) Taxpayers.
(A)) Victims of identity theft who are experiencing economic harm or a
For this type of account: Give name and EIN of: systemic problem, or are seeking help in resolving tax problems that
8. Disregarded entity not owned by an The owner have not been resolved through normal channels, may be eligible for
individual Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) assistance. You can reach TAS by
9. A valid trust, estate, or pension trust Legal entity
4 calling the TAS toll-free case intake line at 1-877-777-4778 or TTY/TDD
1-800-829-4059.
10. Corporation or LLC electing The corporation Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes.
corporate status on Form 8832 or Phishing is the creation and use of email and websites designed to
Form 2553 mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most common act
11. Association, club, religious, The organization is sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established
charitable, educational, or other tax- legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering
exempt organization private information that will be used for identity theft.
The IRS does not initiate contacts with taxpayers via emails. Also, the Privacy Act Notice
IRS does not request personal detailed information through email or ask
taxpayers for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires you to provide your
information for their credit card, bank, or other financial accounts. correct TIN to persons (including federal agencies) who are required to
file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, or
If you receive an unsolicited email claiming to be from the IRS, certain other income paid to you; mortgage interest you paid; the
forward this message to [email protected]. You may also report misuse acquisition or abandonment of secured property; the cancellation of
of the IRS name, logo, or other IRS property to the Treasury Inspector debt; or contributions you made to an IRA, Archer MSA, or HSA. The
General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) at 1-800-366-4484. You can person collecting this form uses the information on the form to file
forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission at information returns with the IRS, reporting the above information.
[email protected] or report them at www.ftc.gov/complaint. You can Routine uses of this information include giving it to the Department of
contact the FTC at www.ftc.gov/idtheft or 877-IDTHEFT (877-438-4338). Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of
If you have been the victim of identity theft, see www.IdentityTheft.gov Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and possessions for use in
and Pub. 5027. administering their laws. The information also may be disclosed to other
Visit www.irs.gov/IdentityTheft to learn more about identity theft and countries under a treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce civil
how to reduce your risk. and criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence
agencies to combat terrorism. You must provide your TIN whether or
not you are required to file a tax return. Under section 3406, payers
must generally withhold a percentage of taxable interest, dividend, and
certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to the payer.
Certain penalties may also apply for providing false or fraudulent
information.