Computer for Business:

Part 2

Computer Software

1
Contents

• Computer language
• Operating systems (OS)
• Applications/programs

2
Machine language

• Instruction set
– Strings of bits
– Ex: 011010110100010111010 – could be the
instruction “add 2 numbers and save the result in
memory location 10111010”
– A modern computer might have 100-200 instruction
types in the instruction set (e.g add, divide, compare,
stop, …)
• Software programme
– Collection of instructions
3
Assembly language

• ML is too tedious for humans to work with directly

• Need a way to write programs using something close to
English language, not binary code
• “Assembly language” invented

4
Assembly language - example

“Assembler” to translate
Source code Object code 5
Higher level language (HLL)

• Assembly language still extremely tedious

• “higher level” language have been developed

6
Translating from HLL to ML

• Compiler – a programme which can translate a HLL

programme into ML, ready to be execute on the
computer all on its own

• Interpreter – a programme which translates the HLL

program into an intermediate form, which then can be
executed with assistance from the interpreter
programme

7
8
Contents

• Computer language
• Operating systems (OS)
• Applications/programs

9
Objectives Overview

Explain how an operating

Describe the start-up system provides a user
Explain the purpose of an process and shutdown interface, manages
operating system options on computers and programs, manages
mobile devices memory, and coordinates
tasks

Describe how an operating Identify file management

system enables users to and other tools included
configure devices, establish with an operating system,
an Internet connection, and along with ways to update
monitor performance operating system software

10
Objectives Overview

Explain how an
operating system Summarize the features
enables users to control of several desktop
a network or administer operating systems
security

Summarize the features

Briefly describe various
and uses of several
server operating
mobile operating
systems
systems

11
Operating Systems

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that

coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile
device hardware
Start and shut
down a Provide a user Manage Manage
Coordinate tasks
computer or interface programs memory
mobile device
Provide file
Establish an management Updating
Configure Monitor
Internet and other operating
devices performance
connection device or media- system software
related tasks

Control a Administer
network security

12
Operating Systems

13
Operating System Functions

• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

– If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a
power button to turn it on

14
Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various power

options

Sleep mode saves any open Hibernate mode saves any

documents running programs open documents and running
or apps to RAM, turns off all programs or apps to an
unneeded functions, and then internal hard drive before
places the computer in a low- removing power from the
power state computer or device

15
Operating System Functions

• A user interface
(UI) controls how
you enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images

16
Operating System Functions

• In a command-line interface, a user types

commands represented by short keywords or
abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions

17
Operating System Functions

• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity

Single tasking Foreground

Single user
and and
and multiuser
multitasking background

18
Operating System Functions

19
Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of the computer

or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

20
Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

21
Operating System Functions

22
Operating System Functions

• A performance monitor is a program that

assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

23
Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

establish Internet connections

24
Operating System Functions

• Many programs, including operating systems,

include an automatic update feature that
regularly provides new features or corrections to
the program

25
Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with a

variety of tools related to managing a computer,
its devices, or its programs

File Manager Search Image Viewer Uninstaller Disk Cleanup

Disk File PC Backup and

Screen Saver
Defragmenter Compression Maintenance Restore

26
Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems • A network

are designed to work administrator uses the
with a server on a server operating system
network to:
• These multiuser – Add and remove users,
operating systems allow computers, and other
devices
multiple users to share
– Configure the network,
a printer, Internet
install software and
access, files, and administer network
programs security

27
Operating System Functions

• A user account enables

a use to sign in to, or
access resources on, a
network or computer
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name

28
Types of Operating Systems

29
Desktop Operating Systems

• A desktop operating system is a complete

operating system that works on desktops, laptops,
and some tablets

Windows Mac OS UNIX

Chrome
Linux
OS
30
Desktop Operating Systems

• The latest versions of Windows offer these features

– Uses tiles to access apps
– Includes the desktop interface
– Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
– Email app, calendar app, and browser included
– Photos, files, and settings you can sync with OneDrive
– Enhanced security through an antivirus program, firewall,
and automatic updates
– Windows Store offers additional applications for purchase

31
Desktop Operating Systems

32
Desktop Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has earned a

reputation for its ease of use
• Latest version is OS X

33
Desktop Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s

Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system

34
Desktop Operating Systems

• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system

designed to work primarily with web apps

35
Server Operating Systems

Windows OS X
Server Server

UNIX Linux
36
Mobile Operating Systems

• The operating system on mobile devices and

many consumer electronics is called a mobile
operating system and resides on firmware

Windows
Android iOS
Phone

37
Mobile Operating Systems

• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating
system designed by
Google for smartphones
and tablets

38
Mobile Operating Systems

• iOS, developed by
Apple, is a proprietary
mobile operating
system specifically
made for Apple’s
mobile devices

39
Mobile Operating Systems

• Windows Phone,
developed by Microsoft,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones

40
Summary

Variety of desktop
operating systems,
Functions common to
server operating
most operating systems
systems, and mobile
operating systems

41
Contents

• Computer language
• Operating systems (OS)
• Applications/programs

42
Objectives Overview

Describe how an
Identify the general operating system Differentiate among the
categories of programs interacts with ways you can acquire
and apps applications and programs and apps
hardware

Identify key features of Identify the key

productivity features of graphics and
applications multimedia applications

43
Objectives Overview

Identify the
Identify the uses of
purpose of
personal interest
software used in
applications
communications

Identify the key

Identify the key
features of file,
features of security
disk, and system
tools
management tools
44
Programs and Apps
• A program, or software, consists of a series of related
instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells
the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform
them
• An application, or app, sometimes called application
software, consists of programs designed to make users
more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks
• An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates
all the activities among computer or mobile device
hardware
– Tools and activities
– System software

45
Programs and Apps

46
Programs and Apps

47
Programs and Apps

• Software is available in a variety of forms:

Retail Custom Web app

Mobile Mobile
Shareware
app web app

Open Public
Freeware
source domain
48
49
50
51
Productivity Applications

• Productivity applications can assist you in

becoming more effective and efficient while
performing daily activities at work, school, and
home
Word
Presentation Spreadsheet Database Note taking
processing

Calendar and
Project Personal
contact Accounting Legal
management finance
management

Tax Document Enterprise

preparation management computing

52
Productivity Applications

• With productivity applications, users often:

Create a Edit a Format a Save a Distribute

project project project project a project

53
Productivity Applications

• Word processing
software allows users
to create and
manipulate documents
• A major advantage of
using word processing
software is that it
enables users to change
their written words
easily
54
Productivity Applications

• Presentation software
allows users to create
visual aids for
presentations to
communicate ideas,
messages, and other
information to a group

55
Productivity Applications

• Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in

columns and rows and perform calculations on the data

56
Productivity Applications

• A database is a collection of data organized in a manner

that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
– Database software allows users to create, access, and manage
a database

57
Productivity Applications

• Note taking software is an application that enables users

to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings,
sketches, photos, and links anywhere on a page

58
Productivity Applications

• Calendar and contact management software is

an application that helps you organize your
calendar, keep track of contacts, and share this
information with other users

59
Productivity Applications

• A software suite is a collection of individual related

applications available together as a unit
• Project management software is an application that
allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the
events, resources, and costs of a project

60
Productivity Applications

• Accounting software is an application that helps

businesses of all sizes record and report their
financial transactions

61
Productivity Applications

• Personal finance software is a simplified accounting application

that helps home users and small/home office users balance their
checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, verify
account balances, transfer funds, track investments, and evaluate
financial plans

62
Productivity Applications

• Legal software is an application that assists in the

preparation of legal documents and provides legal
information to individuals, families, and small
businesses

63
Productivity Applications

• Tax preparation software is an application that

can guide individuals, families, or small businesses
through the process of filing federal and state
taxes

64
Productivity Applications

• Document management software is an application that

provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching
through documents by converting them into a format
that can be viewed by any user

65
Productivity Applications

• A large organization, commonly referred to as an

enterprise, requires special computing solutions
because of its size and geographic distribution
Engineering or
Human resources Accounting product Manufacturing
Marketing software
software software development software
software

Software for
Distribution Customer service
Sales software information
software software
technology staff

66
Graphics and Media Software

Computer-aided design
(CAD) software

Desktop publishing
software

Paint/Image editing
software
67
Graphics and Media Software

Photo editing and

photo management
software

Video and audio

editing software
68
Graphics and Media Software
• Multimedia authoring
software allows users to
combine text, graphics,
audio, video, and animation
in an interactive application
• Website authoring
software helps users of all
skill levels create webpages
that include graphics, video,
audio, animation, and
special effects with
interactive content

69
Graphics and Media Software

• A media player is a
program that allows you
to view images and
animations, listen to
audio, and watch video
files on your computer or
mobile device
• Disc burning software
writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files on a
recordable or rewritable
disc

70
Personal Interest Applications

Lifestyle Medical Entertainment

applications applications applications

Convenience Education
applications applications

71
Communications Applications

Online
Blog Browsing Chat
Discussion

Instant
Email File Transfer Internet Phone
Messaging

Mobile
Videoconference Web Feeds
Messaging

72
Security Tools

• A personal firewall is a security tool that detects

and protects a personal computer and its data
from unauthorized intrusions

73
Security Tools

• An antivirus program protects a computer against

viruses by identifying and removing any computer
viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on
incoming files

74
Security Tools

• Spyware is a type of program placed on a

computer or mobile device without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects information
about the user and then communicates the
information it collects to some outside source
while the user is online
• Adware is a type of program that displays an
online advertisement in a banner or pop-up or
pop-under window on webpages, email
messages, or other Internet services
75
Security Tools

A spyware remover is a type of

program that detects and deletes
spyware and similar programs

An adware remover is a program that

detects and deletes adware

76
Security Tools

Anti-spam Web filtering

programs software

Pop-up and
Phishing
pop-under
filters
blockers
77
File, Disk, and System Management Tools

• A file manager is a tool that performs functions

related to file management

78
File, Disk, and System Management Tools

• A search tool is a
program, usually
included with an
operating system, that
attempts to locate a file,
contact, calendar event,
app, or any other item
stored on your
computer or mobile
device based on criteria
you specify

79
File, Disk, and System Management Tools

• An image viewer is a
tool that allows users to
display, copy, and print
the contents of a
graphics file, such as a
photo
• An uninstaller is a tool
that removes a
program, as well as any
associated entries in the
system files

80
File, Disk, and System Management Tools

• A disk cleanup tool searches for and removes

unnecessary files

81
File, Disk, and System Management Tools

• A disk defragmenter is a tool that reorganizes the files

and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the
operating system accesses data more quickly and
programs run faster
– Defragmenting

82
File, Disk, and System Management Tools

A screen saver is a tool that causes a display device’s screen to show

a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity
occurs for a specified time

A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s)

A PC maintenance tool is a program that identifies and fixes

operating system problems, detects and repairs drive problems, and
includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance

83
File, Disk, and System Management Tools

• A backup tool allows

users to copy, or back
up, selected files or the
contents of an entire
storage medium to
another storage
location
• A restore tool reverses
the process and returns
backed up files to their
original form

84
Summary

Programs and apps Role of the operating

available for system and the Features of a variety
computers and mobile various ways software of applications
devices is distributed

Security tools and file,

Communications
disk, and system
applications
management tools

85
Part 2 - Summary

Get back to “$20,000 question” for your department:

• Computer Hardware
– Input and Output
– Process
– Storage AND…
 Business implication?
• Computer Software Network
communication!!
– Operating systems (OS)
– Applications/Progams
 Business implication?
86