Statistics 13th Edition McClave Test Bank

Statistics 13th Edition McClave Test Bank

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Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Answer the question True or False.

1) In most situations, the true mean and standard deviation are unknown quantities that have to be 1)
estimated.
A) True B) False
Answer: A

2) The probability of success, p, in a binomial experiment is a parameter, while the mean and 2)
standard deviation, μ and σ, are statistics.
A) True B) False
Answer: B

3) The sample mean, x, is a statistic. 3)

A) True B) False
Answer: A

4) The term statistic refers to a population quantity, and the term parameter refers to a sample 4)
quantity.
A) True B) False
Answer: B

5) When estimating the population mean, the sample mean is always a better estimate than the 5)
sample median.
A) True B) False
Answer: B

6) Sample statistics are random variables, because different samples can lead to different values of 6)
the sample statistics.
A) True B) False
Answer: A

7) If x is a good estimator for μ, then we expect the values of x to cluster around μ. 7)

A) True B) False
Answer: A

8) The sampling distribution of a sample statistic calculated from a sample of n measurements is the 8)
probability distribution of the statistic.
A) True B) False
Answer: A

1
Solve the problem.
9) The length of time a traffic signal stays green (nicknamed the ʺgreen timeʺ) at a particular 9)
intersection follows a normal probability distribution with a mean of 200 seconds and the standard
deviation of 10 seconds. Use this information to answer the following questions. Which of the
following describes the derivation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
A) The standard deviations of a large number of samples of size n randomly selected from the
population of ʺgreen timesʺ are calculated and their probabilities are plotted.
B) The mean and median of a large randomly selected sample of ʺgreen timesʺ are calculated.
Depending on whether or not the population of ʺgreen timesʺ is normally distributed, either
the mean or the median is chosen as the best measurement of center.
C) The means of a large number of samples of size n randomly selected from the population of
ʺgreen timesʺ are calculated and their probabilities are plotted.
D) A single sample of sufficiently large size is randomly selected from the population of ʺgreen
timesʺ and its probability is determined.
Answer: C

10) The probability distribution shown below describes a population of measurements. 10)

x 0 2 4
p(x) 1/3 1/3 1/3

Suppose that we took repeated random samples of n = 2 observations from the population
described above. Which of the following would represent the sampling distribution of the sample
mean?

A) x 0 2 4 B) x 0 1 2 3 4
p(x) 1/3 1/3 1/3 p(x) 2/9 2/9 1/9 2/9 2/9
C) x 0 1 2 3 4 D) x 0 1 2 3 4
p(x) 1/9 2/9 3/9 2/9 1/9 p(x) 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5
Answer: C

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

11) Consider the population described by the probability distribution below. 11)

x 2 5 7
p(x) .2 .5 .3

The random variable x is observed twice. The observations are independent. The different
samples of size 2 and their probabilities are shown below.

Sample Probability Sample Probability Sample Probability

2, 2 .04 5, 2 .10 7, 2 .06
2, 5 .10 5, 5 .25 7, 5 .15
2, 7 .06 5, 7 .15 7, 7 .09

Find the sampling distribution of the sample mean x.

Answer: x 2 3.5 4.5 5 6 7

p(x) .04 .20 .12 .25 .30 .09

2
 12) The probability distribution shown below describes a population of measurements that 12)
can assume values of 1, 5, 9, and 13, each of which occurs with the same frequency:

x 1 5 9 13
1 1 1 1
p(x)
4 4 4 4

Consider taking samples of n = 2 measurements and calculating x for each sample.

Construct the probability histogram for the sampling distribution of x.
Answer:

1 3 5 7 9 11 13

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

13) The probability distribution shown below describes a population of measurements. 13)

x 0 2 4
p(x) 1/3 1/3 1/3

Suppose that we took repeated random samples of n = 2 observations from the population
described above. Find the expected value of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
A) 3 B) 1 C) 4 D) 2 E) 0
Answer: D

14) The sampling distribution of the sample mean is shown below. 14)

x 4 5 6 7 8
p(x) 1/9 2/9 3/9 2/9 1/9

Find the expected value of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
A) 5 B) 4 C) 6 D) 7
Answer: C

3
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

15) The probability distribution shown below describes a population of measurements that 15)
can assume values of 5, 10, 15, and 20, each of which occurs with the same frequency:

x 5 10 15 20
1 1 1 1
p(x)
4 4 4 4

Find E(x) = μ. Then consider taking samples of n = 2 measurements and calculating x for
each sample. Find the expected value, E(x), of x.
1 1 1 1
Answer: E(x) = (5)( ) + (10)( ) + (15)( ) + (20)( ) = 12.5
4 4 4 4
1 15 2 3 12.5 4 3 35 2 1
E(x) = (5)( ) + ( )( ) + (10)( ) + ( )( ) + (15)( ) + ( )( ) + (20)( )
16 2 16 16 2 16 16 2 16 16
= 12.5

16) Consider the probability distribution shown here. 16)

x 7 9 11
1 1 1
p(x)
3 3 3

Let x be the sample mean for random samples of n = 2 measurements from this
distribution. Find E(x) and E(x).
1 1 1
Answer: E(x) = μ = (7)( ) + (9)( ) + (11)( ) = 9
3 3 3
1 2 3 2 1
E(x) = (7)( ) + (8)( ) + (9)( ) + (10)( ) + (11)( ) = 9
9 9 9 9 9

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Answer the question True or False.

17) A point estimator of a population parameter is a rule or formula which tells us how to use sample 17)
data to calculate a single number that can be used as an estimate of the population parameter.
A) True B) False
Answer: A

18) A statistic is biased if the mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the parameter it is intended 18)
to estimate.
A) True B) False
Answer: B

4
Solve the problem.
19) Which of the following describes what the property of unbiasedness means? 19)
A) The sampling distribution in question has the smallest variation of all possible sampling
distributions.
B) The center of the sampling distribution is found at the population parameter that is being
estimated.
C) The shape of the sampling distribution is approximately normally distributed.
D) The center of the sampling distribution is found at the population standard deviation.
Answer: B

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

20) Consider the population described by the probability distribution below. 20)

x 3 5 7
p(x) .1 .7 .2

a. Find μ.
b. Find the sampling distribution of the sample mean x for a random sample of n = 2
measurements
from the distribution.
c. Show that x is an unbiased estimator of μ.
Answer: a. μ = E(x) = .1(3) + .7(5) + .2(7) = 5.2
b.
x 3 4 5 6 7
p(x) .01 .14 .53 .28 .04

c. E(x) = .01(3) + .14(4) + .53(5) + .28(6) + .04(7) = 5.2; Since E(x) = μ, x is an

unbiased estimator of μ.

21) Consider the population described by the probability distribution below. 21)

x 3 5 7
p(x) .1 .7 .2

a. Find σ2 .
b. Find the sampling distribution of the sample variance s2 for a random sample of n = 2
measurements
from the distribution.
c. Show that s2 is an unbiased estimator of σ2 .
Answer: a. σ2 = .1(3 - 5.2)2 + .7(5 - 5.2)2 + .2(7 - 5.2)2 = 1.16
b.
s2 0 2 8
p(s2 ) .54 .42 .04

c. E(s2 ) = .54(0) + .42(2) + .04(8) = 1.16; Since E(s2 ) = σ2 , s2 is an unbiased

estimator of σ2 .

5
 22) Consider the population described by the probability distribution below. 22)

x 3 5 7
p(x) .1 .7 .2

a. Find μ.
b. Find the sampling distribution of the sample median for a random sample of n = 2
observations from
this population.
c. Show that the median is an unbiased estimator of μ.
Answer: a. μ = E(x) = .1(3) + .7(5) + .2(7) = 5.2
b.
M 3 4 5 6 7
p(M) .01 .14 .53 .28 .04

c. E(M) = .01(3) + .14(4) + .53(5) + .28(6) + .04(7) = 5.2; Since E(M) = μ, the sample
median is an
unbiased estimator of μ.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Answer the question True or False.

23) The ideal estimator has the greatest variance among all unbiased estimators. 23)
A) True B) False
Answer: B

24) The minimum-variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) has the least variance among all unbiased 24)
estimators.
A) True B) False
Answer: A

Solve the problem.

25) Which of the following describes what the property of minimum variance means? 25)
A) The center of the sampling distribution is found at the population standard deviation.
B) The shape of the sampling distribution is approximately normally distributed.
C) The center of the sampling distribution is found at the population parameter that is being
estimated.
D) The sampling distribution in question has the smallest variation of all possible unbiased
sampling distributions.
Answer: D

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

26) Consider the population described by the probability distribution below. 26)

x 0 2 4
1 1 1
p(x)
3 3 3

a. Find μ.
b. Find the sampling distribution of the sample mean for a random sample of n = 3
measurements from
this distribution.
6
 c. Find the sampling distribution of the sample median for a random sample of n = 3
observations from
this population.
d. Show that both the mean and the median are unbiased estimators of μ for this
population.
e. Find the variances of the sampling distributions of the sample mean and the sample
median.
f. Which estimator would you use to estimate μ? Why?
1 1 1
Answer: a. μ = E(x) = (0) + (2) + (4) = 2
3 3 3
b.
2 4 8 10
x 0 2 4
3 3 3 3
1 1 2 7 2 1 1
p(x)
27 9 9 27 9 9 27

c.
M 0 2 4
7 13 7
p(M)
27 27 27

1 1 2 2 4 7 2 8 1 10 1
d. E(x) = (0) + + + (2) + + + (4) = 2; Since E(x) = μ,
27 9 3 9 3 27 9 3 9 3 27
the sample
mean is an unbiased estimator of μ.
7 13 7
E(M) = (0) + (2) + (4) = 2; Since E(M) = μ, the sample median is an
27 27 27
unbiased estimator
of μ.
2 1 1 2 2 2 4 2 7 2 8 2
e. σ x = (0 - 2)2 + -2 + -2 + (2 - 2)2 + -2
27 9 3 9 3 27 9 3
1 10 2 1 8
+ -2 + (4 - 2)2 =
9 3 27 9
2 7 13 7 56
σ M= (0 - 2)2 + (2 - 2)2 + (4 - 2)2 =
27 27 27 27
f. sample mean; The variance is smaller.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

27) The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean is 27)
approximately normal under certain conditions. Which of the following is a necessary condition
for the Central Limit Theorem to be used?
A) The population from which we are sampling must be normally distributed.
B) The population size must be large (e.g., at least 30).
C) The sample size must be large (e.g., at least 30).
D) The population from which we are sampling must not be normally distributed.
Answer: C

7
 28) The Central Limit Theorem is important in statistics because _____. 28)
A) for a large n, it says the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately normal,
regardless of the population
B) for any population, it says the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately
normal, regardless of the sample size
C) for any size sample, it says the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately
normal
D) for a large n, it says the population is approximately normal
Answer: A

29) Which of the following statements about the sampling distribution of the sample mean is 29)
incorrect?
A) The mean of the sampling distribution is μ.
B) The sampling distribution is generated by repeatedly taking samples of size n and computing
the sample means.
C) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is σ.
D) The sampling distribution is approximately normal whenever the sample size is sufficiently
large (n ≥ 30).
Answer: C

30) Which of the following does the Central Limit Theorem allow us to disregard when working with 30)
the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
A) The mean of the population distribution.
B) The standard deviation of the population distribution.
C) The shape of the population distribution.
D) All of the above can be disregarded when the Central Limit Theorem is used.
Answer: C

31) The Central Limit Theorem is considered powerful in statistics because __________. 31)
A) it works for any sample size provided the population is normal
B) it works for any sample provided the population distribution is known
C) it works for any population distribution provided the population mean is known
D) it works for any population distribution provided the sample size is sufficiently large
Answer: D

Answer the question True or False.

32) As the sample size gets larger, the standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean 32)
gets larger as well.
A) True B) False
Answer: B

33) The Central Limit Theorem guarantees that the population is normal whenever n is sufficiently 33)
large.
A) True B) False
Answer: B

34) The standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal to σ, the standard 34)
deviation of the population.
A) True B) False
Answer: B

8
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Solve the problem.

35) A random sample of size n is to be drawn from a population with μ = 1200 and σ = 200. 35)
What size sample would be necessary in order to reduce the standard error to 25?
σ
Answer: The standard error is σx = . If the standard error is desired to be 25, we get:
n
200 200
25 = σ/ n = ⇒ n ∙ 25 = 200 ⇒ n= = 8 ⇒ n = 64
n 25

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

36) The daily revenue at a university snack bar has been recorded for the past five years. Records 36)
indicate that the mean daily revenue is $3450 and the standard deviation is $300. The distribution
is skewed to the right due to several high volume days (football game days). Suppose that 100
days are randomly selected and the average daily revenue computed. Which of the following
describes the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
A) normally distributed with a mean of $345 and a standard deviation of $30
B) normally distributed with a mean of $3450 and a standard deviation of $30
C) skewed to the right with a mean of $3450 and a standard deviation of $300
D) normally distributed with a mean of $3450 and a standard deviation of $300
Answer: B

37) The number of cars running a red light in a day, at a given intersection, possesses a distribution 37)
with a mean of 2.4 cars and a standard deviation of 4. The number of cars running the red light
was observed on 100 randomly chosen days and the mean number of cars calculated. Describe the
sampling distribution of the sample mean.
A) approximately normal with mean = 2.4 and standard deviation = 4
B) shape unknown with mean = 2.4 and standard deviation = 0.4
C) approximately normal with mean = 2.4 and standard deviation = 0.4
D) shape unknown with mean = 2.4 and standard deviation = 4
Answer: C

38) Suppose studentsʹ ages follow a skewed right distribution with a mean of 24 years old and a 38)
standard deviation of 3 years. If we randomly sample 350 students, which of the following
statements about the sampling distribution of the sample mean age is incorrect?
A) The mean of the sampling distribution is approximately 24 years old.
B) The shape of the sampling distribution is approximately normal.
C) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is equal to 3 years.
D) All of the above statements are correct.
Answer: C

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

39) The amount of time it takes a student to walk from her home to class has a skewed right 39)
distribution with a mean of 15 minutes and a standard deviation of 1.4 minutes. If times
were collected from 60 randomly selected walks, describe the sampling distribution of x,
the sample mean time.
Answer: By the Central Limit Theorem, the sampling distribution of x is approximately
σ 1.4
normal with μx = μ = 15 minutes and σx = = = 0.1807 minutes.
n 60

9
40) Suppose a random sample of n = 36 measurements is selected from a population with 40)
mean μ = 256 and variance σ2 = 144. Find the mean and standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean x.
144 12
Answer: μx = μ = 256; σx = = =2
36 6

41) Suppose a random sample of n = 64 measurements is selected from a population with 41)
mean μ = 65 and standard deviation σ = 12. Find the values of μx and σx .

12 12
Answer: μx = μ = 65; σx = = = 1.5
64 8

42) Suppose a random sample of n = 64 measurements is selected from a population with 42)
mean μ = 65 and standard deviation σ = 12. Find the z-score corresponding to a value of x
= 68.
68 - 65
Answer: z = =2
1.5

43) The weight of corn chips dispensed into a 10-ounce bag by the dispensing machine has 43)
been identified as possessing a normal distribution with a mean of 10.5 ounces and a
standard deviation of .2 ounce. Suppose 100 bags of chips are randomly selected. Find the
probability that the mean weight of these 100 bags exceeds 10.45 ounces.
10.45 - 10.50
Answer: P(x > 10.45) = P z >
.2/ 100

= P (z > -2.5) = .5 + .4938 = .9938

10
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

44) The weight of corn chips dispensed into a 16-ounce bag by the dispensing machine has been 44)
identified as possessing a normal distribution with a mean of 16.5 ounces and a standard deviation
of 0.2 ounce. Suppose 100 bags of chips are randomly selected. Find the probability that the mean
weight of these 100 bags exceeds 16.6 ounces.
A) .1915 B) .3085
C) .6915 D) approximately 0
Answer: D

45) The average score of all golfers for a particular course has a mean of 61 and a standard deviation of 45)
3.5. Suppose 49 golfers played the course today. Find the probability that the average score of the
49 golfers exceeded 62.
A) .4772 B) .0228 C) .1293 D) .3707
Answer: B

46) One year, the distribution of salaries for professional sports players had mean $1.6 million and 46)
standard deviation $0.8 million. Suppose a sample of 400 major league players was taken. Find the
approximate probability that the average salary of the 400 players that year exceeded $1.1 million.
A) approximately 0 B) approximately 1
C) .2357 D) .7357
Answer: B

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

47) Suppose a random sample of n = 64 measurements is selected from a population with 47)
mean μ = 65 and standard deviation σ = 12. Find the probability that x falls between 65.75
an 68.75.
Answer: P(65.75 ≤ x ≤ 68.75) = P(.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.5) ≈ .3023

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

48) A random sample of n = 600 measurements is drawn from a binomial population with probability 48)
of success .08. Give the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
^
sample proportion, p.
A) .08; .011 B) .92; .011 C) .92; .003 D) .08; .003
Answer: A

49) A random sample of n = 300 measurements is drawn from a binomial population with probability 49)
of success .26. Give the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
^
sample proportion, p.
A) .26; .025 B) .26; .011 C) .74; .011 D) .74; .025
Answer: A

50) A random sample of n = 300 measurements is drawn from a binomial population with probability 50)
of success .43. Give the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
^
sample proportion, p.
A) 57; .014 B) .43; .029 C) .57; .029 D) .43; .014
Answer: B

11
Statistics 13th Edition McClave Test Bank

51) A random sample of n = 400 measurements is drawn from a binomial population with probability 51)
of success .21. Give the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
^
sample proportion, p.
A) .21; .008 B) .79; .02 C) .79; .008 D) .21; .02
Answer: D

52) Suppose a random sample of n measurements is selected from a binomial population with 52)
probability of success p = .35. Given n = 200, describe the shape, and find the mean and the
^
standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion, p.
A) skewed right; 0.35, 0.034 B) approximately normal; 0.35, 0.034
C) approximately normal; 0.35, 0.0011 D) skewed right; 70, 6.75
Answer: B

12

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