1.GPON Fundamentals

Security Level: Internal Use Only
GPON Fundamentals
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe GPON Network Architecture

 Outline GPON Basic Concepts
 Outline GPON Key Technologies
 Outline GPON Applications
 Outline 10G GPON Concepts and Technologies
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. GPON Network application and protection
7. 10G GPON Overview

What is Access Network?
 Definition:
 An access network is that part of a telecommunications network which
connects subscribers to their immediate service provider.
 Classification based on transmission media:

 Wired
 Twisted-pair/Coaxial-cable/Fiber
 Wireless
 Wi-Fi/WiMAX etc.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page4

Architecture of Optical Access Network
Customer Premise
Center Office
Equipment
3.5-5km
xDSL 2~20Mbps Remote Business
DSLAM
ODN
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
Curb
FTTC OLT
DSLAM
FTTB OLT
ONU

FTTH OLT
ONT

Contents

What is GPON?
Passive Optical Network Optical
Network Terminal
VoIP
Passive Optical
Splitter ... ...
Internet
Optical Network
Optical Line Unit
Terminal
... ...
IPTV
 GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network

 PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
 GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;
 Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Optical Network Unit (ONU) Optical Distribution Network (ODN).

Why GPON?
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 2.5G
Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / VDSL2 PON

Technology Copper Based Copper Based Fiber Based
Coverage ~20km
<3km <2km <1km
diameter
Internet VoD Live TV

Service Video conference HDTV VoD
requirements Game
Remote control HDTV
 GPON supports :
 Triple-play service
High-bandwidth up to 1.25Gbps/2.5Gbps
 HDTV: 10-20M/program; Long-reach up to 20km
 Data: 10M;
 Video Conference: 4.5M
 GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

GPON Principle-Data Multiplexing
 GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-
direction communication over a single fiber.
1310nm
ONU/ONT
OLT Splitter
1490nm
 To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,

GPON adopts two mechanisms:
 In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
 In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner

GPON Principle-Downstream
Data for specified ONU
1
Data for specified ONU
1 2 3 1 2 3 2
 Broadcast mode

GPON Principle-Upstream
Data from specified user
1
Data from specified ONU
1 2 3 2 2
 TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode

Basic Performance Parameters
Upstream Downstream
Rate(Gbps) Rate(Gbps)
1.24416 Gbit/s up,
0.15552 1.24416 2.48832 Gbit/s
down is the
0.62208 1.24416
mainstream speed
1.24416 1.24416
0.15552 2.48832
Maximum logical reach 60 km
0.62208 2.48832
Maximum physical reach 20 km
1.24416 2.48832
Maximum differential fibre 20 km
2.48832 2.48832 distance
The distance Maximum Split ratio 1:128
between nearest
and farthest
ONTs is 20 km

Attenuation and Power Budget
 Fiber attenuation relates to the fibre length
 The attenuation of fibre splicing point is About 0.35 dB per km
generally less than 0.2dB for 1310,1490nm
 Other factors may cause attenuation, such

as fibre bending
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Class A Class B Class B＋ Class C Class C+ Class C++
Minimum 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB 19dB 21dB

loss
Maximum 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB 32dB 35dB
loss
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one system type than
for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently more stringent for TCM systems
due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about
3 dB.

Contents

GPON Multiplexing Architecture -
Upstream
Figure 1 Principle of service multiplexing in the GPON system
GEM:GPON Encapsulation Mode

T-CONT:Transmission Container
Identified Identified Identified
by ONU-ID by Alloc-ID by Port-ID
Figure 2 GPON service mapping relationship

GPON Multiplexing Architecture -
Downstream

GPON Frame Structure
Downstream Framing
125us
Physical Control Block
Downstream (PCBd) Payload
Upstream ONT 1
Bandwidth Map 1
AllocID Start End AllocID Start End AllocID Start End
1 100 200 x 300 500 y 501 650

x ONT 2
OLT
y
T-CONT1 T-CONT x T-CONT y
(ONT 1) (ONT 2) (ONT 2)
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
100 200 300 500 501 650
ONT 64
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
Upstream Framing T-CONT T-CONT

x y

Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
Ethernet Packet GEM Frame
PLI
Inter packet gap
Port ID 5 bytes
Preamble PTI
SFD CRC
DA
SA GEM
Length\Type Payload
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
 GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of
frames into the GEM Payload.
 GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
 Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It
also boasts good compatibility.

Contents

Contents
4.1 DBA
4.2 Encryption

DBA
 What is DBA?
 DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
 Why DBA?
 It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
 More users can be added on a PON port.
 Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring
comparatively greater change in terms of the bandwidth.

SR-DBA Working Principle
OLT ONU
DBA report
DBA
algorithm
Control
logic
BW Map platform
Data
platform
T-CONT
Time slot T-CONT
Scheduler
T-CONT
 DBA block in the OLT constantly collects information from DBA reports, and sends the algorithm result in the
form of BW Map to ONUs .
 Based on the BW Map, each ONU sends upstream burst data on time slots specified to themselves and utilizes
the upstream bandwidth.

T-CONT Bandwidth Terms
 Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receives grants delivered by OLT. T-CONTs
are used for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation in the PON section of the
Transmission Convergence layer. T-CONTs are primarily used to improve the upstream bandwidth
utilization in the PON.
 T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.
 Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.

T-CONT Type and Bandwidth Type
T-CONT Type
Bandwidth
Type Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5
Fixed X No No No X
Bandwidth
Assured No Y Y No Y
Bandwidth
Maximum Z=X Z=Y Z>Y Z Z≥X+Y
Bandwidth
 Type1 T-CONT is the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services sensitive to time delay
and of higher priorities, such as voice services.
 Type2 and type3 T-CONT is the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly used for video services
and data services of higher priorities.
 Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email),
and services of lower priorities. These services do not require high bandwidth.
 Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all services.

Contents
4.1 DBA
4.2 Encryption

AES Encryption in GPON
1 1 1 User1
ONT
Decryption
1 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 1
OLT 2 User2
ONT
Encryption Decryption
3 3
ONT User3
AES: Advanced Encrypt Standard Decryption
A globally-used encryption algorithm
 OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.

 GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
 In the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
 GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the reliability of
the line.

Contents

GPON Terminal Authentication and
Management
 GPON terminal authentication is a mechanism in which an
OLT authenticates an ONU by the SN or password of the ONU
and in this way denies access to unauthorized ONUs.
 In the GPON system, only authenticated ONUs can access the
system. Implementing authentication meets the carriers' requirements
for flexible management and easy maintenance.
 GPON ONU main authentication:

 SN authentication(mainly)
 Password authentication(mainly),
 SN+Password authentication

SN authentication
 In SN authentication,
the OLT matches
only the ONU SN

Password authentication
 In password authentication,
the OLT matches the ONU
password

SN+Password authentication
 In SN+password authentication, the OLT matches both the
ONU SN and password

GPON Terminal Management
 GPON system are mainly managed

through OMCI messages：
NCE-FAN
 ONU service provisioning
 ONU remote centralized management
SNMP
OMCI OLT
ONU

Page32
OMCI Mode
 Internet service/IPTV service configuration
 delivery through OMCI
OMCI SNMP
ONT OLT EMS
OMCI

OMCI+config files Mode
 Internet service/IPTV service configuration
 delivery through OMCI
 VOIP service configuration :

 OLT download configuration files from the network management by
FTP, then distributed it to ONT through OMCI channel
FTP Config
File
OMCI SNMP
ONT OLT EMS
OMCI+ config files

OMCI+SNMP Mode
 All the service configuration is issued to the ONT by EMS through SNMP
method
 All the service of ONT is configured through CLI (command Line Interface)
 Login the system through telnet method
 The IP address of VLAN or METH port can be issued to ONT through OMCI
method
SNMP
OMCI SNMP
ONT OLT EMS
OMCI＋SNMP

OMCI+TR069 Mode
 The OMCI still for the PON link layer configuration management,
status performance management, fault management
 IP-based business (such as: Internet services, VoIP services, etc.)

managed by ACS through TR-069
TR-069 ACS
OMCI SNMP
VoIP RG PON OLT EMS
OMCI＋TR069

Contents

Triple Play Solution in GPON
BB service platform
VoD
PC TL1/CORBA Server
/API Notification Middle
ware
IPTV SFU Carrier’s OSS
NMS
Phone
Internet
Ethernet
CPE MDU IP Core
Firewall
Splitter OLT
PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Softswitch
CBU
FE
E1
IP
Voice
CPE ODN NSP ASP/ISP

GPON Protection: Type B
Protection range
ONU 1
Splitter
OLT
ONU N
Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link

GPON Protection: Type C Single
Homing
Protection range
ONU 1 Protection
Splitter
range
ONU N Splitter OLT
Protection range
Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link

GPON Protection: Type C Dual Homing
Protection range Protection
ONU 1 Splitter range
OLT 1
OLT 2
ONU N Splitter
Protection range
Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link

Contents

NG-PON Standards
NGA2
WDM-PON Stacked 40G ……
ODN co-existence (optional)
NGA1
10G/2.5G 10G/10G
XGPON1 XGPON2
ODN co-existence
GPON
2009 2010 2011 2012

10G GPON Standards
NG PON 1 NG PON 2
GPON 10G GPON 40G+ PON
ODN co-existence
2.5G 10G/2.5G ?
ITU-T G.984 G.987, G.988
 10G GPON is the Technology Choice of NG PON 1

 10G GPON is the upgrade version of GPON and inherits major
technology features of GPON
 with increase of bandwidth and improved service supporting capability
 Bandwidth capability increased 4-fold and optical power budget up to 33/35dB
 10G GPON co-exists with GPON ODN
 Current equipment, EMS and OSS can be smoothly upgraded to 10G GPON

10G GPON vs GPON
10G GPON（G.987） GPON（G.984）
DS 1575~1580nm DS 1480-1500nm
Wave Length US 1260~1280nm US 1260-1360nm
DS 9.95328Gbps DS 2.48832Gbps
Bandwidth US 2.48832Gbps US 1.24416Gbps/2.48832Gbps
Class A: 5-20dB
NGA1：29dB
Class B: 10-25dB
Optical Power Budget NGA2：31dB
Class C: 15-30dB
Extend：33 or 35dB
Class C+: 17-32dB
Max Differencial Reach 40km 20km
Splitting Ratio 1:256 1:128
Frame Structure XGEM GEM

bidirectional authentication on OLT and
Authentication One-way authentication(OLT to ONU)
ONU
Number of TCONT
support by each PON MAX 2048 MAX 1024
Port

10G GPON Network
Cell Sites
FTTCell
CBU
Business
Splitter FTTO
NG-PON
OLT MTU
FTTB
Aggregation Node
MDU
FTTH
Residential
NG-PON FTTCurb/Cab
OLT ODN
ONU

GPON Migration to 10G PON
GPON ONT
OLT ODF
①ODN
G G 1
P P 0 reuse ④ Uplink card
O O G
N N G of MDU is
splitter 10G GPON
GPON MDU
changed
MDU
②Add new ③Add ⑤ Add new
10G GPON WDM 10G GPON 10G GPON
service card module ONT ONT
③ Add new 10G ⑤ Change the uplink

② NMS ④ Add WDM ⑥ Add new 10G
① ODN reuse GPON service card of MDU ，
module GPON ONT
upgrade card，OLT MDU software
software upgrade upgrade
 GPON is still the main choice of FTTx in the following 2~3 years.
 Current GPON OLT and MDU are able to migrate smoothly to 10G GPON.
 ODN can reuse in the future upgrade with accessorial WDM module，10G
GPON and GPON signals can be both carried with based on the wavelength
multiplex.

GPON Migration to 10G PON
WDM1r1806 Module
WDM1r Subrack

Summary
 In this presentation, we introduced GPON basic concepts,
architecture and principles.
 We also discussed about GPON terminal authentication and

management and GPON service provisioning.
 We introduced GPON network application and protection.
 At last, we introduced NG PON technologies briefly and

10G GPON network application.

Thank You
www.huawei.com

1.GPON Fundamentals

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Security Level: Internal Use Only

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Describe GPON Network Architecture

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

 Classification based on transmission media:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page4

2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page5

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

 GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page7

Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / VDSL2 PON

Internet VoD Live TV

 GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page8

 To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page9

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page10

 TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode

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 Other factors may cause attenuation, such

Minimum 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB 19dB 21dB

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Figure 1 Principle of service multiplexing in the GPON system

GEM:GPON Encapsulation Mode

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AllocID Start End AllocID Start End AllocID Start End

1 100 200 x 300 500 y 501 650

Upstream Framing T-CONT T-CONT

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MAC client data

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Time slot T-CONT

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 T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.

 Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.

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 OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.

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 GPON ONU main authentication:

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 GPON system are mainly managed

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

ONT OLT EMS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 VOIP service configuration :

OMCI+ config files

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

ONT OLT EMS

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