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Principle 9
Principle 9
Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires extended learner effort and guided
practice. Without learners' motivation to learn, the willingness to exert this effort is
Effort is another major indicator of motivation to learn. The acquisition of complex knowledge and
skills demands the investment of considerable learner energy and strategic effort, along with
persistence over time. Educators need to be concerned with facilitating motivation by strategies
that enhance learner effort and commitment to learning and to achieving high standards of
guided by practices that enhance positive emotions and intrinsic motivation to learn, and methods
that increase learners' perceptions that a task is interesting and personally relevant.