Hybris IEPS 2022 Guide
Hybris IEPS 2022 Guide
February 2022
GUIDE FOR
A HEPS utilizes multiple sources of power, both non-traditional sources (e.g. batteries, super-capacitors,
fuel cells) and traditional sources (e.g. internal combustion engine driven generator sets, shaft generator
driven by main engine). Technological developments are constantly being introduced for electric power
systems. It is expected that other alternate electrical power sources such as solar panels, flywheels, and
wind (electric) power systems will be mature enough for integration into the electric power generation
systems onboard vessels. Vessels with such arrangements also incorporate specialized power and energy
management systems that are relatively new in the industry. The application of HEPS onboard the vessel
may help to reduce NOx, SOx and CO2 emissions.
Current trends in the yacht industry have also resulted in increased demand for hybrid electric installations.
This Guide introduces requirements for the design, installation, and testing of HEPS on yachts.
The current edition of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Marine Vessels and/or ABS Rules for
Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Units are to be used in association with this Guide.
The February 2022 edition incorporates requirements and guidelines for wind and solar photovoltaic (PV)
electric power generation systems when installed on vessels and integrated into hybrid electric power
systems. These requirements have been added into the new Sections 5 and 6 to be applied in conjunction
with the existing requirements for the optional HYBRID IEPS notation as appropriate. Addition of new
definitions, references and required submittal information support Section 5 and Section 6 related to wind
and solar PV electric power generating systems.
This Guide becomes effective on the first day of the month of publication.
Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of
the Guide is the most current.
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GUIDE FOR
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 General..................................................................................................8
1 Introduction..................................................................................... 8
3 Application and Scope.................................................................... 8
3.1 Application......................................................................... 8
3.3 Scope.................................................................................8
5 Classification Symbols and Notations.............................................9
5.1 Notations............................................................................9
5.3 Notation Scheme Designation........................................... 9
7 Terminology.................................................................................... 9
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms........................................................ 13
11 References .................................................................................. 14
11.1 ABS..................................................................................14
11.3 IEC References............................................................... 14
11.5 Other References............................................................ 16
11.7 Alternative Standards...................................................... 16
13 Type Approval Program................................................................ 16
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TABLE 1 Hybrid Electric Power System Certification(4)....................... 19
TABLE 2 Hybrid Electric Power System Certification..........................20
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1 Electrical Equipment .................................................................... 36
1.1 General............................................................................ 36
1.3 Transformers and Converters.......................................... 36
1.5 Shaft Generators (SG).....................................................36
3 Hazardous Area Installation..........................................................37
3.1 Hazardous Area Classification and Requirements.......... 37
3.3 Installation in Hazardous Areas....................................... 37
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9.7 Control and Instrumentation............................................ 49
9.9 Electrical Protection System............................................ 49
9.11 Vessel Stability.................................................................49
9.13 Anchoring and Mooring Equipment................................. 49
9.15 Vibration and Noise......................................................... 49
9.17 Wind Turbine Class..........................................................50
11 Electrical Equipment and Installation............................................50
11.1 Electrical Equipment........................................................ 50
11.3 Installation........................................................................51
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3 Plan and Data to be submitted..................................................... 59
5 Certification...................................................................................59
7 Onboard Documentation...............................................................60
9 System Design..............................................................................60
11 Electrical Equipment and Installation ...........................................60
13 Tests and Trials ............................................................................60
13.1 Surveys During Construction........................................... 60
13.3 Surveys After Construction.............................................. 62
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SECTION 1
General
1 Introduction
For the last 60 years, the primary form of ship propulsion consisted of diesel engines delivering thrust
directly to the water via a shaft and propeller.
However, with current technological advances, an increasing number of options are now available to meet
the specific needs of a vessel with a range of operational modes while meeting current and foreseen
environmental regulations. One alternative to the conventional mechanical propulsion arrangement is an
electric propulsion system, which allows for the propulsion requirements of the vessel to be provided by
electric propulsion motors. These propulsion motors are powered by a set of generators which supply both
the vessel’s essential and non-essential service loads.
Hybrid electric power systems offer the opportunity to improve safety, reliability, operational efficiency,
and reduce the fuel consumption, environmental footprint, and equipment maintenance when compared to
traditional electrical power systems.
This Guide provides requirements for the design, construction, testing and survey of vessels utilizing
hybrid electric power systems.
This Guide is intended for use in conjunction with recognized international /national codes and standards,
as well as the latest edition of the ABS Rules, and/or applicable ABS Guides, as listed in 1/11.1.
The integration of these conventional power generation and alternate power sources on a vessel or unit is
also known as the Integrated Electric Power System (IEPS) for the purpose of this Guide.
The integrated electric power system is utilized for powering the vessels or units' essential and/or non-
essential service loads.
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Section 1 General 1
The unique requirements for the design, installation, and testing of HEPS on yachts are also addressed.
The scope of this Guide also encompasses HEPS with integration of lithium-ion battery systems,
supercapacitor systems, and fuel cell power systems as detailed in the applicable ABS Guides as
referenced in 1/11.1.
5.1 Notations
5.1.1 Hybrid Notations for Marine and Offshore Vessels (1 February 2022)
Upon request, the following optional notations are offered for vessels installed with a hybrid
electric power system.
Where a vessel is arranged to use one or more sources of power e.g. energy storage
system (ESS) such as lithium-ion battery, supercapacitor, fuel cell system, wind, solar PV
and conventional generation (including shaft generator), a system designed, constructed
and tested in accordance with this Guide may be assigned the Class Notation
HYBRID IEPS.
ii) Descriptive Letters for Operating Modes
Where a vessel is arranged to comply with 1/5.1.1i) above, and is also fitted with means
to operate under one or more specific operating modes as identified in Section 3/Table 2,
the vessel may be assigned the Class Notation HYBRID IEPS and [descriptive letters,
describing operating modes], e.g. HYBRID IEPS [LEE], HYBRID IEPS [PMT], etc.
Notes:
1 The combination of two or more new technologies (e.g. ESS and Fuel Cells) when conventional
generation is not installed on board also constitutes a HEPS; therefore, these vessels can have the
HYBRID IEPS notation.
2 Internal combustion engine driven generator sets and shaft generators by themselves alone do not meet
the criteria for HYBRID IEPS.
TABLE 1
Designation Scheme of Notations
Note:
Operating Modes: Low-Exhaust Emission [LEE], Power Management [PMT], Power Backup [PBU], Power Take-Off/
Power Take-In [PTO/PTI], Shore Connection [SCN]
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Section 1 General 1
calculates secondary data, reports that data, and/or controls its environment to influence the battery’s
safety, performance, and/or service life. [IEC 62619]
Battery Cell. The basic functional electrochemical unit containing an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte,
and terminals that is a source of electrical energy by insertion/extraction reactions of lithium ions or an
oxidation/reduction reaction of lithium between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
Battery Module. A group of battery cells connected together in a series and/or parallel configuration with
or without protective devices and monitoring circuitry. [IEC 62620]
Battery Pack. An energy storage device comprised of one or more cells or modules that are electrically
connected. It has a monitoring circuitry that provides information to a battery system. [IEC 62620]
Battery System (Array). System comprised of one or more cells, modules, or battery packs. It has a battery
management system to cut power in case of overcharge, overcurrent, over-discharge, and overheating.
Battery Space (Compartment). The space in which the battery system is physically located.
Blocking Diode. Diode connected in series with module(s), panel(s), sub-array(s), and array(s) to block
reverse current into such module(s), panel(s), sub-array(s), and array(s).
Brake. Device capable of reducing the rotor speed or stopping rotation of a wind turbine system.
Bypass Diode. Diode connected across one or more cells in the forward current direction to allow the
module current to bypass shaded or broken cells to prevent hot spot or hot cell damage resulting from the
reverse voltage biasing from the other cells in that module.
Conventional generation. Internal combustion engine-generator sets, and /or shaft generators (for the
purpose of the use of this Guide).
Converter. A device that receives electrical energy with a set of input parameters and exports electrical
energy with a different set of parameters.
Energy Management System (EMS). A computerized control system designed to regulate the energy
consumption of a vessel by controlling and monitoring the operation of energy storage systems, electrical
loads and the production of power. The system can monitor environmental and system loads and adjust
operations in order to optimize energy usage, and respond to demand conditions. For the purpose of this
Guide the EMS can also have similar functionalities as a PMS.
Energy Storage System (ESS). A system composed of an energy storage transformation device, a converter
(if necessary), controls, and ancillary components and equipment. It is capable of delivering/capturing
electrical energy to/from a load at the required voltage and rate (power), and can accommodate the load
rate of change of power.
Energy Transformation Device (ETD). A device that converts energy from one form to another. The source
energy may be renewable or stored. The transformation may be unidirectional or bidirectional. A fuel cell
is a type of ETD.
Flexible Photovoltaic Module. Photovoltaic module that is designed to be intentionally and repetitively
twisted, curved or otherwise bent without physical, electrical or visual damage.
Fuel Cell. (FC). A Fuel Cell is a source of electrical power in which the chemical energy of a fuel is
converted directly into electrical and thermal energy by electrochemical oxidation.
Furling. For wind turbines, a passive control mechanism by means of reducing the projected swept area,
which can be used to e.g., control the wind turbine system power or rotational speed, etc.
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Integrated Electric Power System (IEPS). Is a system where a set of generators supply power to the vessel
service loads as well as the propulsion loads. Sometimes it is also termed an integrated electric propulsion
system.
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine. Wind turbine system whose rotor axis is substantially parallel to the wind
flow.
Hot Spot. Intense localized heating occurring in a PV module when its operating electric current exceeds
the reduced short-circuit current of a shadowed or faulty PV cell or group of cells within it. When a hot
spot occurs, the affected cell or group of cells is forced into reverse bias and must dissipate power, which
can cause overheating. The voltage bias or damage creates a small, localized shunt path where a large
portion of the PV module current appears.
Hybrid Electric Power System (HEPS). Hybrid-electric power systems combine internal combustion
engine driven generators and/or shaft generator/motor driven by main engine with an ESS consisting of
batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, or other technologies to form the power generation and propulsion
system of the vessel. The architecture of a hybrid system can be designed specifically for the requirements
of each vessel and thus optimize the use of each component for maximum efficiency. The combination of
two or more new technologies when conventional generation is not installed on board also constitutes a
HEPS.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Control strategy whereby PV array operation is always at or
near the point on a PV device’s current-voltage characteristic where the product of electric current and
voltage yields the maximum electrical power under specified operating conditions.
Overspeed Control. The action of a wind turbine control system, or part of such system, which prevents
excessive rotor speed.
Peak Shaving. Any of the various strategies to reduce main electric power generation during certain
periods, and to store energy to supply the demand of electricity during other operating times. The strategy
is to store energy during low periods of power demand and release during high peaks of power demand
(typically by the ESS).
Photovoltaic Array. Mechanical and electrical assembly of photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic panels or
photovoltaic sub-arrays and its support structure.
Photovoltaic Module Junction Box. Closed or protected enclosure on a photovoltaic module in which
circuits are electrically connected and where protection devices may be located if necessary.
Photovoltaic System. Assembly of components that produce and supply electricity by the conversion of
solar energy.
Pitching. Adjusting the angle of attack (blade pitch angle) of wind turbine blades, which can be used to
control the wind turbine system power or rotational speed.
Power Backup Mode. It is the operating mode where the energy storage system (ESS) is connected to the
ship’s electrical main or distribution system and is able to reliably provide power for a minimum period.
This is also known as the spinning reserve mode. Operating a redundant diesel generator as spinning
reserve provides availability of power in a failure condition. Running an extra engine creates a less
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Section 1 General 1
efficient, lower load condition with higher emissions. Providing this spinning reserve via stored energy,
rather than an additional diesel generator, allows the electrical system to operate with fewer generators at
higher load. The stored energy (lithium-ion batteries) provide power in the event of a loss of generator
until a standby generator can be started and connected to the power system.
Power Conversion Equipment (PCE). An electrical device converting one kind of electrical power from a
voltage or current source into another kind of electrical power with respect to voltage, current and
frequency. Examples include AC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters, DC-DC charge controllers, frequency
converters, etc.
Power Management System (PMS). A complete switchboard and generator control system which controls
and monitors power generation and distribution including multiple switchboards and ring bus systems. The
PMS on board a vessel is responsible for functions such as load sharing among different power sources,
load shedding, and starting reserve generators when power is insufficient. For the purpose of this Guide the
PMS can also have similar functionalities as an EMS.
Power Management Mode. This mode is designated when different load schedule strategies, functions,
load control strategies such as load sharing and load shedding are met through the PMS installed onboard
the vessel or unit.
Power Take-In (PTI) Mode. The shaft generator functions as an auxiliary motor working concurrently with
the main diesel engine or independently for electric propulsion in this mode. This is also known as shaft
motor mode. This mode provides propulsion power to the shaft which boosts the main engine with extra
power or as an electric propulsion motor with the main engine clutched out or secured.
Power Take-Off (PTO) Mode. This operating mode takes the energy generated in the main engine as taken
off by the shaft generator to produce electricity as an additional power source.
Rated Capacity. The capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared
by the manufacturer. [IEC 62620] Capacity is usually measured in Amp-hours (Ah).
Small Wind Turbine. System of 200 m2 rotor swept area or less that converts kinetic energy in the wind into
electrical energy. Note: A small wind turbine system includes the wind turbine itself including support
structures, the turbine controller, the charge controller / inverter (if required), wiring and disconnects, the
installation and operation manual(s) and other documentation.
State of Charge (SOC). Available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity. [IEC
62660-1]
Supplemental Source of Electric Power. Electric power generation or capacity supplied by an alternative
source of power that is in addition to the vessel’s main or emergency electric power generation (e.g., Solar
or Wind, Battery, etc.). Supplemental electrical power is not to be included in the determination of the
required number generators or capacity as referenced in 4-8-2/3.1 of the Marine Vessels Rule.
Support Structure. For photovoltaic equipment, support structure (also known as “racking”) is used to
physically support modules or groups of modules and position them in a fixed or moving orientation
relative to the path of the sun. For a wind turbine system, support structure comprises the tower and
foundation.
Swept Area. For a wind turbine, the projected area perpendicular to the wind direction that a rotor will
describe during one complete rotation.
Tracker. For solar PV systems, a mechanical device used to track or follow the sun across the sky on a
daily basis. Standard PV trackers are used to minimize the angle of incidence between incoming light and
a PV module. This increases the amount of energy produced from a fixed amount of power generating
capacity.
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Transitional Source of Power. An emergency source of power usually produced by diesel generators, gas
turbine generators or steam turbine generators but can also be supplied by alternative sources such as
electric batteries, super-capacitors, and fuel cells, specifically for use when transferring from one source of
power to another, and intended to be provided for a specified, finite period of time.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Wind turbine system whose rotor axis is substantially perpendicular to the
wind flow.
Wind Turbine Generator System. Wind turbine system which converts kinetic energy in the wind into
electrical energy.
Yawing. Rotation of the wind turbine rotor axis about a vertical axis (for horizontal axis wind turbines
only).
Yaw Misalignment. Horizontal deviation of a wind turbine rotor axis from the wind direction.
Low Exhaust Emission Mode. Operating mode when no internal combustion engine exhaust gas from the
onboard sources of electric power is generated. The ESS and fuel cell power systems are examples of
electric sources of power to feed loads in the ship’s electrical power distribution system with near-zero
exhaust emissions.
EG Emergency Generator
IC Internal Combustion
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PV Photovoltaic
UL Underwriters Laboratories
11 References
ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Units (MOU Rules)
ABS Guide for Fuel Cell Power Systems for Marine and Offshore Applications
ABS Guide for Direct Current (DC) Power Distribution Systems for Marine and Offshore Applications
ABS Guide for Use of Lithium-ion Batteries in the Marine and Offshore Industries (Lithium-ion Battery
Guide)
ABS Guide for Use of Supercapacitors in the Marine and Offshore Industries (Supercapacitor Guide)
ABS Guidance Notes on Risk Assessment Applications for the Marine and Offshore Oil and Gas Industries
ABS Guidance Notes on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for Classification
IEC 62619: Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-Acid Electrolytes – Safety
Requirements for Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries, For Use in Industrial Applications
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IEC 62620: Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-Acid Electrolytes –
Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries for Use in Industrial Applications
IEC 62660 Series: Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles
IEC 62391-1: Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electric and electronic equipment – Part 1:
Generic specification
IEC 62391-2: Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 2: Sectional
specification – Electric double layer capacitors for power application
IEC 62391-2-1: Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 2-1: Blank
detail specification – Electric double-layer capacitors for power application – Assessment level EZ
IEC 60812: Analysis techniques for system reliability – Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis
(FMEA)
IEC 62576: Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles – Test methods for
electrical characteristics
IEC 62281: Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
IEC 62040-1: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 1-1: General and safety requirements for UPS
used in operator access areas
IEC 61800-5-1: Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems: Safety Requirements – Electrical,
thermal and energy
IEC 60146-1-1: Semiconductor converters – General requirements and line commutated converters –
Specification of basic requirements
IEC 60068-2-6: Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-52: Environmental testing - Part 2-52: Tests - Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic
IEC 61215 Series: Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval
IEC TS 61836: Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, definitions and symbols
IEC 62109 Series: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems
IEC 62446 Series: Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Requirements for testing, documentation and maintenance
IEC 62790: Junction boxes for photovoltaic modules - Safety requirements and tests
IEC 61400-11: Wind turbines - Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques
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Section 1 General 1
IEC 61400-12-1: Wind energy generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of
electricity producing wind turbines
ISO 23274-1: Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements
IMO International Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code)
ISO 21984:2018: Ships and marine technology. Guidelines for measurement, evaluation and reporting of
vibration with regard to habitability on specific ships
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SECTION 2
Plans and Data to be Submitted
The combination can be conventional generation(1)(2) and new technology(3), or two or more new
technologies.
i) Internal combustion engine (Diesel/ dual fuel/gas) driven electric generators (1)
ii) Power Take-Off (Shaft Generators) (1)
iii) Fuel cells
iv) Lithium-ion battery banks or
v) Other stored energy (e.g. supercapacitors)
In addition to the plans, specifications, ship arrangements, test plans, and data required to be submitted to
ABS for review and approval as listed in 4-8-1/5 of the Marine Vessel Rules, drawings and data outlined
below are to be submitted to ABS for review, as applicable:
Notes:
1 Conventional generation: internal combustion engine driven generator sets, and /or shaft generators.
2 Internal combustion engine driven generator sets and shaft generators by themselves alone do not meet the criteria
for HYBRID_IEPS.
3 New technology for power generation can include low- or zero- emission power generation systems such as solar
PV arrays or wind turbines.
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Section 2 Plans and Data to be Submitted 2
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Section 2 Plans and Data to be Submitted 2
i) System arrangement and associated drawings and information for each operating mode as
applicable.
ii) A list of any additional alarms, monitoring and safeguards for each operating mode as applicable.
iii) Overload and load shedding arrangement.
iv) Arrangements and details of shaft generator electric coupling/clutch, where applicable.
v) Control strategy and detail arrangements for the interconnection of ESS, FC, SC, and conventional
generators (including shaft generator) for the different operating modes and operation profiles.
3 Certification
Hybrid electric power systems are to be certified in accordance with Section 2/Table 1 and Section 2/Table
2 below. This table also provides the applicability of the certification requirements for certain equipment
and components as referred to in applicable Sections of the Marine Vessel Rules and MOU Rules. See also
notes under this Table.
TABLE 1
Hybrid Electric Power System Certification(4)
System, Equipment, ABS Certification(1) ABS Type Approval Tier Rule (Marine Vessel Rules)
Component (See Appendix 1-1-A4 of Reference
ABS Rules for Conditions of
Classification)
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Section 2 Plans and Data to be Submitted 2
System, Equipment, ABS Certification(1) ABS Type Approval Tier Rule (Marine Vessel Rules)
Component (See Appendix 1-1-A4 of Reference
ABS Rules for Conditions of
Classification)
Pipe, Valves and Fitting Required (2) 1/2/4/5 MVR 4-6-1, 4-1-1/Table 6 as
applicable
Notes:
1 ABS Certification means plan review, and surveyors’ attendance during construction and after installation to
verify that a vessel, structure, item of material, equipment or machinery is in compliance with the Rules, Guides,
standards or other criteria of ABS and to the satisfaction of the attending Surveyor.
2 Where indicated as ‘required’ in 4-6-1/Table 2 of the Marine Vessel Rules, the piping component is to be certified
by ABS. This involves design approval of the component, as applicable, and testing in accordance with the
standard of compliance at the manufacturer’s plant. Such components may also be accepted under the Type
Approval Program.
3 Shaft generators/motors used for power take-off, power take-in (propulsion boosters), or similar equipment, rated
100 kW (135 hp) and above are to be designed, constructed and tested (for both functionalities if applicable) in
accordance with the appropriate requirements of the Marine Vessel Rules.
4 For units which are designed to the MOU Rules corresponding requirements of the MOU Rules are to be applied.
TABLE 2
Hybrid Electric Power System Certification (1 February 2022)
System, Equipment, ABS Certification(1) ABS Type Approval Tier Guide Reference
Component (See Appendix 1-1-A4 of
ABS Rules for Conditions of
Classification)
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Section 2 Plans and Data to be Submitted 2
System, Equipment, ABS Certification(1) ABS Type Approval Tier Guide Reference
Component (See Appendix 1-1-A4 of
ABS Rules for Conditions of
Classification)
Solar PV Electric Power Required(3) See Note 3 Section 5/5.1 Table 1 of this
Generating Systems Guide
Wind Electric Power Required(3) See Note 3 Section 6/5.1 Table 1 of this
Generating Systems Guide
Notes:
1 ABS Certification means plan review, and surveyors’ attendance during construction and after installation to
verify that a vessel, structure, item of material, equipment or machinery is in compliance with the Rules, Guides,
standards or other criteria of ABS and to the satisfaction of the attending Surveyor.
2 Fuel cell power systems having a net electrical output of 100 kW or greater are required to be certified by ABS.
(See Note 1). For fuel cell power systems having a net electrical output of less than 100 kW, the manufacturer is
to certify the standard to which it is designed, fabricated and tested to, and to report the results of the tests
conducted.
3 The equipment/system can be accepted based on the manufacturers’ documentation and quality as required in the
IEC standards (including Standard tests reports, Certification, etc.).
5 Onboard Documentation
i) Applicable documents/operation and maintenance manuals such as EMS, PMS, BMS, CMS, FC-
CMSS, etc.
ii) Hybrid electric power system operations and maintenance manual
iii) Hybrid electric power system functional test schedules
iv) Records of safety training of personnel for ships’ handling systems, storage, and equipment
associated with fuel cell, battery, supercapacitor, wind turbine, and solar PV system
v) Mitigating plans or control measures for adverse events in case of possible safety critical scenarios
including fire and explosion
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SECTION 3
System Design
1.1 General
Hybrid electric power systems incorporate multiple sources of power, usually a combination of both non-
traditional sources (batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells) and traditional sources (gas, diesel, and dual fuel
internal combustion engine driven generators). The design, construction, installation testing and
maintenance is to be in general in accordance with this Guide, the ABS Rules for Building and Classing
Marine Vessels, the Mobile Offshore Units Rules, or other ABS Guides applicable to the type of vessel or
installation under consideration.
For vessels, the applicable Parts of the Marine Vessel Rules are:
For offshore units, the applicable Parts of the Mobile Offshore Units Rules are:
When an ESS is being proposed as an emergency source of electric power, consideration will be given in a
case-by-case basis, provided all requirements of 4-8-2/5 of the Marine Vessel Rules are complied with as
applicable.
Integration of different sources of power and the combination of these with different energy
storage technologies are shown in the basic configuration, Figure 1.
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Section 3 System Design 3
FIGURE 1
Integration of Different Sources of Power Generation and Driven Loads
Different types of power generation and ESS sources contribute to the hybrid electric power
system (HEPS). These provide electrical power to the ship’s service electrical loads and the
electric motor driven propulsion loads of the vessel or unit. See Figure 2.
The combination of hybrid electric power systems provides alternatives to traditional electrical
plant configurations and allow vessel operators more options for optimizing the configuration to
best serve the varied load profiles during different operating modes. See Section 3/3 – Operating
Modes.
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Section 3 System Design 3
FIGURE 2
Combination of Different Type of Power Generation, Energy Sources,
and Driven Loads
In the event that the nature of the ESS is such that it will normally exhibit a loss of capacity or
performance due to usage or age, the ESS should be selected and sized based upon the capacity
and performance of the ESS expected towards the end of its life.
For vessels installed with lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and/or fuel cell power system, the
requirements as shown in Table 1 are to be met as a minimum.
TABLE 1
Requirements for ESS/ETD (1 February 2022)
ESS Lithium-ion Batteries - Battery Management ABS Guide for Use of Lithium-ion Batteries in
System (BMS) the Marine and Offshore Industries
Supercapacitors - Capacitor Management System ABS Guide for Use of Supercapacitors in the
(CMS) Marine and Offshore Industries
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Section 3 System Design 3
ETD Fuel Cell Power System ABS Guide for Fuel Cell Power System for
Marine and Offshore Applications
3 Operating Modes
3.1 General
The operational requirements of the HEPS are defined at the beginning of the design process; allocating
space, weight, loading profile for the equipment and systems that will be installed during construction and
operated during the service life of the vessel. The basis of design and specifications should be utilized to
develop the load analysis and energy/power balance so that requirements for the elements and components
of the hybrid electric power system may be developed.
The basis of design, specifications and operational plan manuals are to include the plans and data
describing all the subsystems integrated, and all the operating modes the vessel is designed for. Clear
identification of parameter values during each mode of operation as well as during transition from one
mode to another are to be included.
The applicable operation mode notations offered are listed in Section 3/Table 2.
Expected fault conditions and mitigation plans are to be identified during the risk analysis phase of the
project and included in accordance with Section 3/15 of this Guide.
The operating modes being applied for such notations are to be requested and specified on the
submitted plan.
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Section 3 System Design 3
TABLE 2
Hybrid Operating Modes (1)
1 Low Exhaust 1. Electrical power supplies the ship's consumers and main HYBRID IEPS
Emission propulsion system by ESS and/or FC-PS [LEE]
2. Engine driven gensets are off (e.g. at Port)
3. Boilers and incinerators operating on liquid fuel are to be
off (e.g. at Port)
4. Specific time limit (vessel operating on ESS) is to be
specified.
3 Power Backup 1. The ESS is to be readily available to the ship’s electrical HYBRID IEPS
system during a contingency (e.g. loss of a conventional [PBU]
generator).
2. The ESS is to be connected to the main bus or distribution
system in a specified time (e.g. in the order of seconds) that
maintains the HEPS stability (not loss of HEPS’ frequency).
3. The ESS is capable to provide power backup during
certain time (e.g. during failures of the conventional power
generation system). The power backup mode is also known
as spinning reserve mode.
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Section 3 System Design 3
5 Shore Connection (3) 1. When the vessel is provided with a shore connection HYBRID IEPS
installation in accordance with the MVR Rules or a high [SCN]
voltage shore connection in accordance with the ABS HVSC
Guide.
2. The modes of operation related to the shore connection
and hybrid is:
a) The shore connection is arranged for charging the
onboard ESS while providing power to the vessel’s
electrical consumers,
And/or
b) The on board ESS is arranged to provide power to
some of the vessel’s electrical consumers, while
the shore connection provides electrical power to
other electrical consumers on the vessel
(configuration of electrical distribution system
shall be monitored, with alarms, to prevent hidden
failure when shore power is disconnected).
3. Operation of the vessel while connected to shore power by
reducing onboard power generation, emissions, and local
noise. (e.g. all combustion engines/gensets not operating).
Notes:
1 All modes of operation are to be defined by the Owner, Designer, and or Integrator.
2 Internal combustion engine driven generator sets and shaft generators by themselves alone do not meet
the criteria for HYBRID IEPS.
3 Some other conditions may be required by specific Ports/local Administrations regarding the vessel
operating at berth.
Each ESS, Genset (including a shaft generator) and converters should be capable of delivering/
absorbing energy at the required rate to meet the power quality requirements (as specified for the
project). For each operating mode, the following is to be specified:
● Energy/Power required
● Duty ratings
● Permissible load based on the load analysis calculation
● Lead (master) ESS or Genset, base loading as applicable
● Programmed kW/kVA load sharing between ESS and Genset(s) as defined by the power
management strategy.
3.3.3 Power Management System Functionalities
i) General
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Section 3 System Design 3
For vessels using combination of any diesel electric generators (and a shaft driven motor/
generator {PTO/PTI}), and energy storage system, and/or fuel cells, fuel consumption
and emissions optimization and calculation process for sizing the HEPS (propulsion
system and electric power supply system) is to be submitted to ABS for review.
Consideration is to be given to maximum values of sudden loads, e.g. during changes of
operating modes, and it is to be based on starting conditions and the PMS arrangements.
● 4-8-2/7.21 - Harmonics
● 4-8-3/1.9 - Voltage/Frequency Variations
ii) In cases where power quality operating characteristics are outside of the above limits, the electric
equipment connected to the power system is to be verified as being capable of operating in the
expanded power quality envelope without damage. This is typically found during a HEPS
integration’s modeling and simulation process prior to system/equipment installation, in this
regard results from this process is expected to be submitted to ABS for review.
i) Essential Service. The ESS can be used for the purpose of feeding essential service loads as
defined in 4-8-1/7.3.3 of the Marine Vessel Rules, and 4-3-1/3.5 of the MOU Rules.
ii) Non-Essential Service. The ESS can also be used for the purpose of feeding non-essential services.
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Section 3 System Design 3
The ESS is to be sized and selected accordingly to operate and provide functionality without damage,
effect or degradation throughout its service life. See 3/1.5.1. Also see the specific requirements of the
applicable ABS Guide.
7.1 General
The HEPS’ control system as referred in this Section may be connected to an integrated control system or
be a stand-alone system. It is to be designed for automatic operation and equipped with all the monitoring
and control facilities required for safe operation of the system.
In general, integrated automation systems are to be designed to achieve safe and effective operation in
accordance with the applicable Section 4-9-4 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
Redundancy criteria is to be considered, as applicable, in accordance with the applicable sections of the
MVR, the MOU Rules, or other ABS Guides as appropriate for the type of vessel or installation under
consideration. See references in 1/1.11.
Upon failure of the power management system, there is to be no change in the available electrical power.
Failure of the power management system is to be alarmed at a manned control station. See also Section 3/
Table 4.
The HEPS vessels typically have an integrated hybrid electric power system and an energy
management control system. The energy management control system is built with an operation
strategy to control and supervise the different subsystems the HEPS vessel is integrated with. The
EMS will have several functionalities to supply, schedule, optimize (minimize/maximize) and
interact with different energy transformation device’s and/or energy storage’s management
systems.
Automatic control systems are to be designed to achieve safe and effective operation in
accordance with the applicable Section 4-9-3 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
ii) EMS and Interaction with ETD’s and ESS’ Management Systems
The energy management system is to consider interfaces with other system such as PMS, BMS,
CMS and FC-CMSS, etc. Table 3 refers to the applicable management technologies as per ABS
Guides and ABS Rules.
TABLE 3
Energy/ Power Management Systems (1 February 2022)
Battery System Components (BMS) 2/1.3, Subsection 3/1 of Lithium-ion Batteries Guide
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Section 3 System Design 3
Fuel Cell Control, Monitoring and Safety Systems (FC- Section 6 of Fuel Cell Guide
CMSS)
Power Management System (PMS) 4-8-5/5.3.3 of Marine Vessel Rules, Dynamic Positioning
System Guide
The following functions are to be considered during the EMS operation strategy, as a minimum:
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Section 3 System Design 3
TABLE 4
List of Alarms and Shutdown (1 February 2022)
A3 Current – high x x
A4 Overload x x
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Section 3 System Design 3
Notes:
1 An arrangement is made for starting a standby generator (or energy source) and connecting it to the switchboard,
in accordance with 4-8-2/3.11 of the Marine Vessel Rules to prevent loss of power.
2 The emergency stop circuit is to be hard-wired and independent of any control system signal.
3 Grouped alarms may be allowed. Refer to the specific ABS Guide (Lithium-ion Battery or Supercapacitor).
4 The ESS room or space is to be installed with appropriate means to vent gases which may be generated during an
abnormal situation from the battery space to open deck.
5 The high and low frequency trip settings are to be defined and applied in accordance with the designer’s and
manufacturer’s instructions/recommendations.
6 The emergency stop procedure for wind turbine power generation systems includes automatic stopping
arrangements for extreme conditions, and any associated locks or release systems for blade control.
Also, specific protection requirements for each technology can be found in the applicable ABS Guide.
Protection against fault conditions (e.g. short circuits) are also to take into account the following:
i) For protection zones defined by power electronic devices (PEMs), the ABS Guide for DC Power
Distribution System can be used as reference. Other protection methods will also be acceptable
provided coordination and selectivity is achieved.
ii) Due to different converter configurations used in the AC and DC distribution system, methods of
calculations of fault currents and protection coordination methodologies are based on steady and
transient states as needed. Application of standards and/or other modeling and simulation
approaches are to be documented and submitted to ABS for review.
Operational tests are to be carried out including but not limited to the testing of protective devices (over
current, under-voltage, and preferential tripping, etc.), electrical interlocks, synchronization of generators,
ESS and other alternative generating sources. See also 4-8-3/5.11.4 of the Marine Vessels Rules.
11 Equipment Earthing
Protection against electrical shock, exposed metal parts of electrical equipment earthing requirements are
to be in accordance with the applicable sections of the Marine Vessel Rules (4-8-4/23).
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Section 3 System Design 3
13 Degree of Protection
Enclosures and assemblies are to be constructed of steel or other suitable incombustible, moisture resistant
materials and reinforced as necessary to withstand the mechanical, electro-magnetic and thermal stresses
which may be encountered under both normal and fault conditions. Enclosures are to be of the closed type.
The degree of protection of the enclosure is to be in accordance with the applicable requirements as per
Section 4-8-3/TABLE 2, and 4-8-4/1.3 of the Marine Vessels Rules.
15.1 General
i) A risk assessment is to be conducted to identify risks associated with the design, installation and
safe operation of the electrical power system as new and conventional technologies are integrated
onboard. The risk assessment is to demonstrate the vessel’s safety and the continuity of power
supply in case of failure of any part of the system. The risks are to be analyzed using acceptable
and recognized risk analysis techniques.
ii) Loss of function, component damage, fire, explosion, and electric shock are to be considered as a
minimum. The analysis should identify risks that can be eliminated wherever possible.
iii) Risks which cannot be eliminated are to be mitigated, as necessary. Identification of risks, and
means by which they are mitigated, are to be documented to the satisfaction of ABS and to the
flag Administration if required.
iv) Properly performed studies done early in the design process to identify hazards, risks and failure
modes and allow for them to be resolved, and to enhance safety and performance are to be
included. Consideration should be given to aligning these studies with modeling and simulation
efforts.
A test plan is to be submitted for review and approval showing which items will be validated by physical
tests and which ones will be validated by simulation tests.
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Section 3 System Design 3
Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), when used in lieu of traditional practices (i.e. Documents
Based Systems Engineering), is to meet industry typical requirements for this type of simulation/modeling
process.
19.1 General
i) Modeling and simulation of the HEPS offers the capability of providing the information that
would normally be obtained from traditional system studies and additional information about
operation, configuration, and power quality.
ii) For model verification and validation, acceptable techniques such as these below are acceptable:
● Explore Model Behavior
● Graphical comparison of data
● Confidence intervals
● Hypothesis Tests
Model In the Loop (MIL) testing shall be conducted when, both a numerical model of the multi-
physics system and a model of its automation and manual control functions have been verified and
validated. In MIL test approach the model and its environment are simulated without any physical
hardware components. MIL approach cannot reveal faults that are caused by the target controller
or by the processor architecture.
ii) Software in the Loop (SIL)
During Software In the Loop (SIL) Testing, virtual (emulated) PLCs, with dedicated interfaces to
the simulated multi-physics models, shall be considered for deployment of the executable code.
Combining the various multi-physics models of connected systems onboard with their actual
control and automation logic through SIL can offer a higher fidelity virtual testing. This level is
essentially a test of the coding system. In SIL test approach, the model and its virtual (emulated)
PLCs are simulated without any physical hardware components. SIL approach cannot reveal faults
that are caused by the target controller or by the processor architecture.
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Section 3 System Design 3
During Hardware in the Loop (HIL) Testing, the control and automations software is fully
integrated into the final controller hardware and can only interact with the simulated multi-physics
system through the actual I/Os of the controller. The simulated multi-physics system also runs on a
real-time computer with I/O simulations to “trick” the controller into believing that it is installed
on the actual physical system. In this case, the only difference between the final application and
the HIL environment is the fidelity of the simulated multi-physics system model and the test
vectors that are being used. HIL level of testing can reveal faults that are caused by the target
compiler or by the processor architecture.
iv) The following, is also to be included in the test plan and submitted for our review:
1) test purpose
2) test setup including models’ parameters
3) expected results and acceptance criteria
Notes:
1 For software upgrades it is recommended to do a regression testing.
2 Regression testing is re-running functional and non-functional simulation tests to ensure that previously developed
and tested software still performs after a change.
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SECTION 4
Equipment and Installation
1 Electrical Equipment
1.1 General
In addition to the specific requirements in this Section of this Guide, the following references are also to be
taken into account:
i) Transformers
Transformers are to be designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with 4-8-2/3.7, 4-8-3/7 and
4-8-5/3.3.3, 4-8-5/3. of the Marine Vessel Rules as applicable.
ii) Power electronic converters (PEC)
Power electronic converters are typically considered “two port” devices capable of providing
unidirectional or bidirectional conversions with independent control of the input/output frequency
and input/output voltage ratio. A transformer may be included with the PEC.
Converters are to be designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with 4-8-2/3.7, 4-8-3/5.9,
4-8-3/8 and 4-8-5/3.7.5 of the Marine Vessel Rules as applicable.
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Section 4 Equipment and Installation 4
Shaft generators (SG) are used to generate electric power (in PTO mode) and support the ship’s
service loads if the prime mover has sufficient load margin. The SG is typically driven by slow or
medium speed engines (ships’ conventional propulsion power system). In some cases, the shaft
generator may also be used to boost the propulsion system (used as a motor in PTI mode).
ii) Shaft generators (constant and variable speed drives) are also to comply with 4-8-2/3.5 of the
Marine Vessel Rules as appropriate.
iii) Operating mode (PTO/PTI), see Section 3/Table 2 Item 4.
iv) Materials
For material tests of power takeoff generators and power-take-in motors, please see 4-8-5/6.17.1
of the Marine Vessel Rules.
v) Gears
When the shaft generator is driven through a reduction gear, the gear box is to be designed,
constructed and tested in accordance with Section 4-3-1 of the Marine Vessels Rules as applicable.
vi) Shaft generators - Performance Tests
Shaft generators are to be tested at the factory as per 4-8-3/3.17 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
vii) Shaft generators installed onboard yachts
● Shaft generators are to comply with 4-6-2/3.3 of the ABS Guide for Building and Classing
Yachts.
● See also Appendix 2/ Table 1, for shaft generators certification requirements, and Appendix
2/11.
TABLE 1
Hazardous Area Classification (1 February 2022)
Fuel Cell Power Systems Installation Subsections 5/3, 5/4 of Fuel Cell Guide
TABLE 2
Installation in Hazardous Areas
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SECTION 5
Requirements for Solar PV Electric Power Generation Systems
(1 February 2022)
1 General
1.1 Application
In addition to the requirements of this Guide, this Section includes requirements for provisions that apply
to the design, construction, and testing of hybrid electric power systems utilizing a solar photovoltaic (PV)
system for electric power generation on marine and offshore assets, as supplemental source of power. This
Section is applicable to non-concentrator photovoltaic panels and does not cover concentrator photovoltaic
technologies.
This Section is applicable to PV Solar installations used as a supplemental source of electrical power with
a capacity greater than 2 kW.
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Section 5 Requirements for Solar PV Electric Power Generation Systems 5
5 Certification
5.1 General
Solar PV system components are to be tested and certified in accordance with the following Table 1. Test
reports are to be submitted to ABS and are to be available to the attending Surveyor.
TABLE 1
Components Testing Requirements
Notes:
1 Solar PV modules and bypass or blocking diodes (if applicable) are to be tested and certified in accordance with
IEC 61701. The selected test methods shall correspond to product use in a marine or offshore environment.
2 IEC 62109-1 provides general testing requirements for power conversion equipment for use in solar PV systems.
IEC 62109-2 and IEC 62109-3 are to be referenced for alternative or additional testing requirements applicable to
the PCE technology used in the solar PV system.
3 Solar PV system components other than solar PV modules and bypass or blocking diodes (e.g., power conversion
equipment, junction boxes, etc.) are to be tested in accordance with IEC 60068-2-52 Test Kb (Salt Mist
Environmental Test). The selected test methods shall correspond to product use in a marine or offshore
environment.
4 All solar PV system components are to be tested in accordance with IEC 60068-2-6 Test Fc (Vibration
Environmental Testing). The selected test severity shall correspond to product use in a marine or offshore
environment.
5 Solar PV system components other than solar PV modules and bypass or blocking diodes (e.g., power conversion
equipment, junction boxes, etc.) are to have ingress protection no less than IP 56 according to 4-8-3/ Table 2 of
the Marine Vessel Rules.
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Section 5 Requirements for Solar PV Electric Power Generation Systems 5
7 Onboard Documentation
i) Nondestructive testing (NDT) inspection plan and records for critical steel structure welds on
support structures constructed of steel, if applicable
ii) Procedure for temporary removal of solar PV array(s), if applicable. See 5/11.3.3 of this Guide
iii) Solar PV system documentation in accordance with Clause 4 of IEC 62446-1 (see 5/3.x) of this
Guide) and Clause 4 of IEC 62446-2, which includes the following:
● Performance benchmarking
● Documentation of records, including test data and maintenance procedures
9 System Design
9.1 General
In addition to the requirements of Section 3 of this Guide, the solar PV system is to comply with the
requirements provided in this Subsection, as applicable.
System sizing calculations are to consider the aggregate area of the solar PV array(s), the
efficiencies and degradation rates of the PV modules and system components, and historical or
estimated irradiance and weather data representative of the region(s) and season(s) in which the
vessel operates.
Note:
In general, the solar PV system design should optimize the orientation(s) and curvature (if applicable, e.g., for
flexible panels) of the PV modules. The solar PV system location(s) and arrangement should eliminate or
minimize the likelihood of full or partial shading on the PV array(s) and the potential hazards from solar glint and
glare from reflections from the PV array(s).
For systems using a solar tracker to position the PV modules relative to the path of the sun, the
system sizing calculations are to also consider the expected increase in power production (relative
to a fixed installation) and the power consumption by the tracker and related control system(s).
The installation location is to have sufficient area to allow movements by the tracker.
For systems using a solar tracker, the tracker system is to be designed and tested in accordance
with the requirements of IEC 62817 applicable to standard PV module trackers.
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Section 5 Requirements for Solar PV Electric Power Generation Systems 5
The support structure or mounting arrangement (e.g., adhesive, bolts, ties, or other mounting) for
the PV modules is to be designed in accordance with Subclause 5.2 of IEC 62548 and is to
account for the wind effect, operating modes, and load considerations.
For systems with solar PV arrays that are designed to be temporarily removed, the support
structure or mounting arrangement is to allow for the safe disconnection, storage, and
reconnection of the PV array(s) by the crew. See 5/11.3.3 of this Guide.
For Direct Current (DC) power distribution systems, see the ABS Guide for Direct Current (DC)
Power Distribution Systems for Marine and Offshore Applications for supplemental requirements.
ESSs charged by intermittent power generation sources (i.e., solar PV panels or wind turbines) are
to be limited to feeding non-essential service loads unless the risk assessment can demonstrate
vessel safety and continuity of power supply to essential service loads during ambient
environment conditions in which the solar PV system produces less than the system’s rated output
or does not produce power.
ESSs are to be designed and constructed in accordance with 1/1.1 and 1/1.3 of Appendix 1 of this
Guide, 4-8-3/5.9 and 4-8-4/5 of the Marine Vessel Rules, as applicable.
Solar PV arrays used for battery charging are to comply with Subclauses 5.1.7 and 6.5.6 of IEC
62548.
The control, monitoring, alarm, and safety systems of the solar PV array(s) and solar tracker (if applicable)
are to be in accordance with Section 4-9-2 of the Marine Vessel Rules, as applicable.
Note:
The control system of the solar PV array(s) may use a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy or other
suitable control strategy considered not less effective.
For systems using a solar tracker, the control system of the tracker is to be designed to counteract the
different operational and environmental conditions to which the vessel is subjected. Failure of the tracker
system is not to cause unsafe operation of the solar PV system.
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Section 5 Requirements for Solar PV Electric Power Generation Systems 5
Protection requirements specific to solar PV arrays are specified in Clause 6 of IEC 62548 as
follows:
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Section 5 Requirements for Solar PV Electric Power Generation Systems 5
The solar PV panels are to be rated for open deck ambient temperatures in accordance with
4-8-3/1.17 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
The PV array(s) and electrical equipment are to have adequate ventilation and methods for cooling
and heating (if applicable) to protect the system from extreme temperatures and keep the system
within the rated operating temperature range of the components, in accordance with Subclause
5.1.9 of IEC 62548.
The solar PV array maximum voltage and voltage correction factor is to be determined using the
lowest expected operating temperature in accordance with Subclause 7.2 of IEC 62548.
11.1.3 Cables
Cables for the solar PV system are to be designed and installed in accordance with 4-8-3/9 and
4-8-4/21 of the Marine Vessel Rules and Subclause 7.3.7 of IEC 62548.
For a system with moving components (e.g., solar tracker), the cable design is to consider the
system’s range of motion and mechanical stresses induced by cable movement.
Bypass diodes, where used, are to comply with Subclauses 7.3.2.1 and 7.3.11 of IEC 62548.
Blocking diodes, where used, are to comply with Subclause 7.3.12 of IEC 62548. Bypass diodes
and blocking diodes are to be tested in accordance with 5/5 Table 1 of this Guide.
11.3 Installation
11.3.1 General
In addition to the requirements of 4-8-4/ of the Marine Vessel Rules, the solar PV system is to
comply with the requirements provided in this Subsection, as applicable.
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Section 5 Requirements for Solar PV Electric Power Generation Systems 5
However, where the location for the installation of the solar PV system is within a hazardous area,
the equipment selection is to comply with 4-8-4/27 of the Marine Vessel Rules or Section 4-3-6 of
the MOU Rules as applicable.
The solar PV system may be designed to allow temporary removal of the PV array(s) for
protection during conditions in which physical damage to the array(s) is likely to occur (e.g.,
during extreme weather events or during cargo handling operations).
For systems with PV arrays that are designed to be temporarily removed, a documented procedure
is to be submitted to ABS for review and retained onboard detailing the safe electrical and
physical disconnection, storage, and electrical and physical reconnection of the PV array(s) by the
crew. The test plans submitted to ABS for approval are to include the demonstration of this
procedure to the satisfaction of the attending Surveyor.
For solar PV systems located where persons may walk on the PV array(s), the PV panels are to be
designed to withstand the impact of being walked on and are to have measures for preventing slips
and falls (e.g., a non-slip coating on the surface of the PV panels, temporary installed handrails).
Barriers or warning labels and markings should be in place to ensure that high voltage installations
and PV arrays using a solar tracker are not to be walked on.
The installation of the solar PV system is to comply with the visibility and navigation
requirements of Section 3-6-1 of the Marine Vessel Rules and Subsection 3/4 of the ABS Guide
for Wind Assisted Propulsion System Installation as applicable.
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SECTION 6
Requirements for Wind Electric Power Generation Systems (1 February 2022)
1 General
1.1 Application
In addition to the requirements of this Guide, this Section includes requirements for provisions that apply
to the design, construction, and testing of hybrid electric power systems utilizing wind turbine generators
for electric power generation on marine and offshore assets, as supplemental sources of power. This
Section is applicable to small wind turbines as defined by IEC 61400-2, defined below.
This Section is applicable to wind turbine installations used as a supplemental source of electrical power
with a capacity greater than 2 kW.
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Section 6 Requirements for Wind Electric Power Generation Systems 6
● Wind turbine technical specifications, including vibration and noise specifications for all
operating conditions
● Installation information, including drawings, installation procedures, a wiring diagram, and
support structure information
● Operation manual, including manual and emergency shutdown information
● Maintenance and routine inspection information, including safety procedures and list of
components to inspect and service
● Consumer label
xiv) Test plans
5 Certification
5.1 General
The wind turbine generator system is to be tested and certified in accordance with the following Table 1.
Test reports are to be submitted to ABS and are to be available to the attending Surveyor.
TABLE 1
Wind Turbine Generator System Testing Requirements(3)
Test Reference
Notes:
1 Wind turbine generator system components or equipment are to be tested in accordance with IEC 60068-2-52,
Test Kb. The selected test methods shall correspond to product use in a marine or offshore environment. See item
10 “Salt Mist” of 4-9-9/15.7 TABLE 1 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
2 Wind turbine generator system components or equipment are to be tested in accordance with IEC 60068-2-6, Test
Fc. The selected test severity shall correspond to product use in a marine or offshore environment. See item 5
“Vibration” of 4-9-9/15.7 TABLE 1 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
3 The equipment/system can be accepted based on the manufacturers’ documentation and quality as required in the
IEC standards (including Standard tests reports, Certification, etc.).
7 Onboard Documentation
i) Nondestructive testing (NDT) inspection plan and records for critical steel structure welds on
support structures constructed of steel, if applicable
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Section 6 Requirements for Wind Electric Power Generation Systems 6
ii) Procedure for lowering and raising wind turbines on tilt-up towers, if applicable
iii) Procedure for temporary removal of wind turbine(s) and/or wind turbine blades, if applicable. See
6/11.3.3 of this Guide
iv) Wind turbine generator system documentation in accordance with Clause 11 of IEC 61400-2. See
6/3.xii) of this Guide
9 System Design
9.1 General
In addition to the requirements of Section 3 of this Guide, the wind turbine generator system is to comply
with the requirements provided in this Section, as applicable.
System sizing calculations are to consider the aggregate output of the wind turbine(s) in all
operating wind conditions, the efficiencies and degradation rates of the wind turbine(s) and system
components, and historical or estimated wind and weather data representative of the region(s) and
season(s) in which the vessel operates.
The location(s) of the wind turbine generator system is to eliminate or minimize disturbances in
the airflow to the wind turbine(s) from obstructions onboard (including other wind turbines) and
have sufficient area for furling, pitching, and/or yawing, if applicable.
Support structures constructed of steel are to undergo nondestructive testing on the critical steel
structure welds in accordance with 4/2.2 of the ABS Guide for Wind Assisted Propulsion System
Installation.
The wind generator tower is outside the scope of class. Refer to Section 6/Figure 1.
Notes:
1 The support structure for wind turbines of up to 40 m2 rotor swept area that may use a tilt-up tower to
lower the wind turbine for protection and/or accessibility for inspection and maintenance shall be
designed in accordance with Subclause 8.4 of IEC 61400-2.
2 For systems having wind turbines that are designed to be temporarily removed or lowered, see 6/11.3.3
of this Guide.
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Section 6 Requirements for Wind Electric Power Generation Systems 6
FIGURE 1
Typical Wind Turbine Generator Installation
Where it is not practicable to test the actual wind turbine generator system in the intended
operating conditions, modeling and simulation is to be used to validate the design and analyze the
system performance. The modeling and simulation is to account for the wind effect, windage
obstructions onboard, operating modes, and load considerations the wind turbine generator system
may be subject to.
For Direct Current (DC) power distribution systems, see the ABS Guide for Direct Current (DC)
Power Distribution Systems for Marine and Offshore Applications for supplemental requirements.
ESSs charged by intermittent power generation sources (i.e., solar PV panels or wind turbines) are
to be limited to feeding non-essential service loads unless the risk assessment can demonstrate
vessel safety and continuity of power supply to essential service loads during ambient
environment conditions in which the wind turbine generator system produces less than the
system’s rated output or does not produce power.
ESSs are to be designed and constructed in accordance with 1/1.1 and 1/1.3 of Appendix 1 of this
Guide, 4-8-3/5.9 and 4-8-4/5 of the Marine Vessel Rules, as applicable.
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Section 6 Requirements for Wind Electric Power Generation Systems 6
Wind turbines used for battery charging are to comply with Subclauses 6.6.3.1 and 9.7.2 of IEC
61400-2.
For wind turbines with yaw, pitch, and/or brake mechanisms, the mechanical systems are to be in
accordance with Clause 9 of IEC 61400-1 as applicable. Active, passive or manual wind turbine control
systems for yawing, pitching, braking, and/or other mechanisms for adjusting power or rotational speed are
to be designed to counteract the different operational and environmental conditions to which the vessel is
subjected. Yaw misalignment or failure of any such control system is not to cause unsafe operation of the
wind turbine generator system.
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Section 6 Requirements for Wind Electric Power Generation Systems 6
The wind turbine manufacturer is to provide design documentation as specified in Annex B of IEC
61400-2. The design documentation is to also specify how the wind turbine is designed for
operation outside of standard external conditions, in accordance with Annex J of IEC 61400-2,
including operations in low temperature, ice, high temperature, and marine applications.
The wind turbine(s) and electrical equipment are to have adequate ventilation and methods for
cooling and heating (if applicable) to protect and keep the system within the rated operating
temperature range of the components, in accordance with Subclause 10.3 of IEC 61400-1. Wind
turbines operating in cold climate weather conditions are to comply with Clause 14 of IEC
61400-1, as applicable.
11.1.3 Cables
As applicable, cables for the wind turbine generator system are to be designed and installed in
accordance with 4-8-3/9 and 4-8-4/21 of the Marine Vessel Rules and Subclause 9.6 of IEC
61400-2.
For a system with moving components (e.g., yawing mechanism), the system’s range of motion
and mechanical stresses induced in the cables by the movement or twisting is to be taken into
account in the system design.
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Section 6 Requirements for Wind Electric Power Generation Systems 6
See also Subclause 9.7.3.3 of IEC 61400-2. PCE includes protection from harmonic distortion and
other electronic interferences. Power conversion equipment is to undergo salt mist and vibration
tests in accordance with 6/5 Table 1 of this Guide.
11.3 Installation
11.3.1 General
In addition to the requirements of 4-8-4/ of the Marine Vessel Rules, the wind turbine generator
system is to comply with the requirements provided in this Subsection, as applicable.
In cases where the above cannot be met, the equipment selection is to fully comply with
Subsection 4-8-4/27 of the Marine Vessel Rules or Section 4-3-6 of the MOU Rules as applicable.
The wind turbine generator system may be designed to allow temporary removal of the wind
turbine(s) or the wind turbine blades for protection during conditions in which physical damage to
the wind turbine(s) or wind turbine blades is likely to occur (e.g., during extreme weather events
or during cargo handling operations).
The system may also use a tilt-up tower to lower wind turbines of 40 m2 rotor swept area or less
for protection. The wind turbine manufacturer is to provide a procedure for lowering wind
turbines on tilt-up towers.
For systems having wind turbines or wind turbine blades that are designed to be temporarily
removed, a documented procedure is to be submitted to ABS for review and retained onboard
detailing the safe electrical and physical disconnection, storage, and electrical and physical
reconnection of the wind turbine(s) and/or wind turbine blades by the crew. The test plans
submitted to ABS for approval are to include the demonstration of this procedure to the
satisfaction of the attending Surveyor.
Measures are to exist to protect the crew from the potential hazards from the moving and rotating
parts of the wind turbine generator system by providing safe passage. If no measure exists, the
installation is to be in accordance with 3-2-17/3 of the Marine Vessel Rules.
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SECTION 7
Tests and Trials
1.1 General
This Subsection pertains to surveys during fabrication at the manufacturer’s facility and installation and
testing of hybrid electric power systems (HEPS) onboard. For surveys at the manufacturer’s facility, the
scope of the survey will be confined to those items that are supplied by the manufacturer.
i) The manufacture, testing, inspection, and documentation of the HEPS is to be in accordance with
applicable ABS Rules, recognized standards and the requirements given in this Section.
ii) At the option of the manufacturer, each machine design or type may be enrolled in the ABS Type
Approval Program in accordance with the provisions of 1-1-A3/5.1 of the ABS Rules for
Conditions of Classification (Part 1). The details of the ABS approval may be posted on the ABS
website, http://www.eagle.org/typeapproval.
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Section 7 Tests and Trials 7
TABLE 1
Electrical Equipment Installation and Test(1) (1 February 2022)
Motor Controllers and Motor Control Centers 4-8-4/9 of Marine Vessel Rules
Fuel Cell Power System Testing Requirements Sections 6, 7 and 8 of Fuel Cell Guide
Note:
1 For units which are designed to the MOU Rules corresponding requirements of the MOU Rules are to be
applied.
A Test Plan is to be submitted to ABS at the start of the plan review process. The test plan is to
identify all equipment and systems, including details of performance tests and trials for all
operating modes, including testing of all automatic functions of the system including the power
and energy management systems. Tests for the control, monitoring and safety system are to be
included to verify the system complies with 3/7.7, as applicable.
iii) Fuel Containment Inspection/Survey Plan
An inspection/survey plan for the fuel containment system (as applicable) is to be developed and
submitted for approval by ABS. The inspection/survey plan is to identify components/systems to
be examined and/or validated during each survey during the vessel’s operating life.
iv) Operating Mode Trials Plan
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Section 7 Tests and Trials 7
● Each operating mode is to be subjected to trials in accordance with the approved trials plan
required to be submitted for review before the trials. The trials plan is to specify the duration
of tests and to include trials in all possible modes for full load testing, half load testing,
reversing tests, maneuvering, and any other trials that may be applicable to the vessel, such as
dynamic positioning, or wind turbine generator extreme condition shutdown, etc. During the
trial, all functions of components, equipment, subsystems used in control, monitoring and
safety systems of hybrid electric power systems are to be tested in accordance with the
provisions in 3/7.7 of this Guide.
● The trials plan is to include disconnection (emergency stop) of the energy storage system
(ESS) (see Section 3/Table 4, item A8), as applicable for each operating mode. In the event of
loss of the power supply provided by the ESS, the vessel’s electrical supply system is to
maintain power to equipment necessary for propulsion and steering and for the safety of the
vessel.
● Operating modes testing are to be witnessed by Surveyor during harbor and Sea-trial.
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Section 7 Tests and Trials 7
Annual or Special surveys after construction are to be carried out for systems and equipment as referred to
in 7/3.3 of below, as applicable.
If a hybrid fuel system is installed, the Hybrid Fuel Containment Inspection/Survey Plan is to be
referenced and the fuel containment system examined.
If hybrid systems are installed on deck such as wind turbine or solar PV panel arrays, the following are to
be included during the Annual Survey as a minimum:
i) Visual inspection of the foundation structure members of the wind turbine or solar PV panel
systems, as applicable, for deformation, excessive wear, corrosion, fractures, or damage.
ii) Visual inspection that means of protection from mechanical damage are maintained where
enclosures or assemblies of electrical components or cables are located on deck.
iii) Verification that electrical equipment in hazardous locations has been properly maintained,
including intrinsically safe and explosion-proof features of electrical equipment, and in particular
any associated sealing equipment.
iv) Test of the ESD function.
v) Confirmation of no shading
vi) Confirmation of no hot spots
vii) Confirmation of cleaning panels
viii) Confirmation of measures to minimize solar glint/glare
ix) Confirmation of visibility
x) Where applicable for wind turbine installation, Rocking Tests should be performed and the results
of these tests are to be recorded for reference for subsequent surveys.
The overall HEPS is to be verified in acceptable condition and operational in all modes through a review
of the vessel’s documentation and system testing in accordance with the Operating Mode Trials Plan when
deemed necessary.
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Section 7 Tests and Trials 7
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APPENDIX 1
Table for Cross References to existing ABS Guides
1 General
TABLE 1
Lithium-ion Battery System Components (1 February 2022)
TABLE 2
Supercapacitor System Components
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Appendix 1 Table for Cross References to existing ABS Guides A1
TABLE 3
Fuel Cell Power System Components
Fuel Cell Power System Fuel Cell Power System Guide Reference
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APPENDIX 2
Hybrid Electric Power Systems Installed Onboard Yachts
1 General
1.1 Application
The provisions of this Appendix apply to the design, construction, and testing of hybrid electric power
systems intended for installation on yachts. Compliance with the requirements in this Appendix is to be
verified by ABS.
5 Certification
The following Table 1 provides the applicability of the certification requirements for certain equipment and
components as referred to in Part 4 and applicable Chapters and Sections of the ABS Guide for Building
and Classing Yachts.
TABLE 1
Hybrid Electric Power System Certification for Yacht
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Appendix 2 Hybrid Electric Power Systems Installed Onboard Yachts A2
Symbol Meaning
obs ON BOARD SURVEYS – Operational, hydrostatic non-destructive testing, or other required tests are to be
witnessed by an ABS surveyor after installation on board the yacht
7 Onboard Documentation
See Subsection 2/5 of this Guide, as applicable.
9 System Design
See Section 3 of this Guide, as applicable.
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Appendix 2 Hybrid Electric Power Systems Installed Onboard Yachts A2
Rules for Conditions of Classification (Part 1). The details of the ABS approval may be
posted on the ABS website, http://www.eagle.org/typeapproval.
13.1.2 Tests for Control, Monitoring and Safety System
i) Equipment in association with control, monitoring and safety systems of the hybrid
electric power generating plant for Yachts installations are to be performance tested in
accordance with 4-7-2/Table 1 of the ABS Guide for Building and Classing Yachts, as
applicable.
ii) Indications of parameters necessary for the safe and effective operation of the control,
monitoring and safety system are to be tested and verified according to 3/7.7 of this
Guide, as applicable.
iii) Simulation testing for verification of the systems/equipment integration may be
performed as per 3/19.7 of this Guide.
13.1.3 Onboard Testing
i) General
● Onboard testing is to verify that functionality has been achieved with all systems in
operation.
● The hybrid electric power system installations, as appropriate, are to be examined and
tested to the satisfaction of the attending Surveyor in accordance with the approved
plans.
● All requirements applicable electrical equipment installation on board vessels are
given in Section 4-6-3 of the ABS Guide for Building and Classing Yachts.
ii) Commissioning Test Plan
A Test Plan is to be submitted to ABS at the start of the plan review process. The test plan
is to identify all equipment and systems, including details of performance tests and trials
for all operating modes, including testing of all automatic functions of the system
including the power and energy management systems. Tests for the control, monitoring
and safety system are to be included to verify the system complies with 3/7.7, as
applicable.
iii) Fuel Containment Inspection/Survey Plan
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Appendix 2 Hybrid Electric Power Systems Installed Onboard Yachts A2
During the initial trials, the HEPS is to be confirmed for its satisfactory operation,
including associated controls, alarms and shutdowns. The tests are to be conducted in
accordance with the Operating Mode Trials Plan as per Appendix 2/13.1.3 iv) of this
Guide.
Annual or Special surveys after construction are to be carried out to for systems and equipment as
referred to in Appendix 2/13.3.2 of below, as applicable.
If a hybrid fuel system is installed, the Hybrid Fuel Containment Inspection/Survey Plan is to be
referenced and the fuel containment system examined.
The overall HEPS is to be verified in acceptable condition and operational in all modes through a
review of the vessel’s documentation and system testing in accordance with the Operating Mode
Trials Plan when deemed necessary.
All Yachts subjected to modifications and retrofits with hybrid electric power systems as detailed
in this Guide are to be examined and tested in accordance with the approved plans and Appendix
2/13.1 to verify compliance and to the satisfaction of the attending Surveyor.
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