The document describes different types of agricultural systems around the world categorized based on crops/livestock, labor/capital intensity, productivity, consumption patterns, and techniques used. The systems range from primitive shifting cultivation with low productivity to intensive commercial farming with high yields, specialization, mechanization and market orientation.
The document describes different types of agricultural systems around the world categorized based on crops/livestock, labor/capital intensity, productivity, consumption patterns, and techniques used. The systems range from primitive shifting cultivation with low productivity to intensive commercial farming with high yields, specialization, mechanization and market orientation.
The document describes different types of agricultural systems around the world categorized based on crops/livestock, labor/capital intensity, productivity, consumption patterns, and techniques used. The systems range from primitive shifting cultivation with low productivity to intensive commercial farming with high yields, specialization, mechanization and market orientation.
CROP AND LABOUR AND PRODUCTIVITY CONSUMPTION METHODS AND
LIVESTOCK CAPITAL INTENSITY PATTERN OF TECHNIQUES USED
ASSOCIATION PRODUCTION SHIFTING Paddy(Asia) Labour intensive Very low Self consumption Primitive tech… CULTIVATION Tropica(Africa) Family involve Very low input Limited surplus for Slash and burn Hunting & used labour exchange agriculture gathering INTENSIVE Tripple rice Highly labour Low Self consumption Transplantation SUBSISTENCE cropping intensive Low input used Limited surplus for method:- Rice WITH PADDY Rice-Gram- High population Traditional seeds market shapling in nurseries DOMINANCE Oilseed(crop density then planted into rotation) feilds Auaculture COMMERCIAL Highly specialized Highly mechanized Very high Mainly market Modern techniques GRAIN FARMING in grain Low population HYV seeds, oriented farming No need for fallowing Corn and Wheat Capital intensive fertilizers Bread basket of the World COMMERCIAL Specialized in Highly mechanized Very high Market oriented Thechnology DAIRYING keeping Low population Finest breeds of Raw milk is intensive:- FARMING livestocks Capital intensive cattles converted into milk BENELUX+Newzealan High breed Good Pasture products d cattles lands available Private companies:- USA+Switzerland
NOMADIC Ecological Labour intensive Negligible Self consumption Seasonal movement
HERDING herding with sparse production Declining type of Animal grazing Animal grazing on population agriculture Transhumance natural pasture land LIVESTOCK Specialized in Capital intensive Very high Market oriented Mechanized farming RANCHING animal husbandry Individually Grazing supports Meat production No migration operated animal food from animals RUDIMENTARY Crops rotation Labour intensive Very high Market oriented Technology TILLAGE practice> field Mechanized HYV seeds rotation practice INTENSIVE Wheat, soya Highly labour Low production Rarely surplus Primarily worked by SUBSISTENCE bean, barley, intensive Frequent crop production for manpower WITHOUT PADDY sorghum failures and market DOMINANCE famines COMMERCIAL Specialized Capital intensive Very high Market oriented Modern methods of PLANTATION production of Thinly popula… Foreigh farming farming plantation crops Unskilled labour ownership and local labours MEDITERRANEAN Specialized in Capital intensive Very high Fully market Modern technology AGRICULTURE wine tree crops Well developed oriented Artificial irrigation Small livestock irrigation system during dry summer herding COMMERCIAL Mixed farming of Highly capital Very high Market oriented Modern technology LIVESTOCK AND crops and intensive Use of HYV seeds Machinery CROP FARMING livestocks Skilled experts Cereal is fed for feeding SUBSISTENCE Crops:- Wheat, Highly labour Poor quality Self consumption Traditional way of CROPS AND Maize, Barley intensive seeds and farming LIVESTOCK Animal:- sheep, Own subsistence Poorly FARMING Goat husbanded animals SPECIALIZED Specialized in Very intensively Optimum yeilds Market oriented Modern technology HORTICULTURE vegetables, fruits cultivated Communication links and flowers with consumption centers