Syllabus - Philosophy of Law (1S AY 2023-24) FINAL

UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS
SCHOOL OF LAW AND GOVERNANCE

College of Law
SYLLABUS
Course No. : JD 11101
Course Title : Philosophy of Law
Course Credit : 2 units
Course Instructor : Marlouize E. Villanueva

[email protected]
Consultation Hours : Monday – 05:30 PM – 06:30 PM
Course Description:
This course is the study of the historical roots of law, the schools of legal
thought that spurred the growth and development of law, and the primordial purpose
of law and legal education. This course will not only discuss the nature of law and
what law “ought to be”; this course will also study other phenomena and normative
issues in conjecture with law.
Course Objectives:
At the end of the course, students are expected to

1. Understand the relevance of the study of the philosophy of law not only in
studying law as a point of academic inquiry but also in the practice of law.
2. Familiarize themselves with prominent political and legal thinkers and
their major works in the field of legal theory.
3. Weave through the various schools of thought in legal theory and ground
them as perspectives in understanding common and practical legal issues.
4. Use paradigms and theories discussed in class in describing, analyzing, and
evaluating legal problems or phenomena.
Program Level Learning Outcomes (PLLO):1
Upon completing the law program, Carolinian law graduates will demonstrate
the following:
PLLO 1: KNOWLEDGE
PLLO 2: ETHICS, PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY, WITNESS TO
THE WORD
PLLO 3: THINKING SKILLS which include the skills to identify and
articulate legal issues; apply legal reasoning and research to generate
appropriate responses to legal issues; engage in critical analysis and make a
reasoned choice amongst alternatives; and think creatively in approaching legal
issues and generating appropriate responses.
PLLO 4: RESEARCH SKILLS
PLLO 5: COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION
1
Based in part on ALTC’s Learning and Teaching Academic Standards Program, December 2010.
PLLO 6: SELF-MANAGEMENT
At the end of the law program, the Carolinian law graduate is expected to be
Witness to the Word and to embody the following Graduate Attributes:
Scientia: A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL

Critical thinker
Lifelong learner
Skilled researcher
Sound decision- maker
Innovative problem-solver
Effective and articulate communicator
Virtus: A VIRTUOUS EXEMPLAR

Incorruptible servant leader
Ethical and values-driven practitioner
Devotio: A DEDICATED ADVOCATE

Committed peacemaker
Culture- sensitive patriot
Socially- engaged citizen
Passionate worker for the marginalized
Course Level Learning Outcomes (CLLO):
Upon completion of the course, the students should be able to:
CLLO 1: Know the various legal thinkers across time who has contributed to
our understanding of law and apply their theory on various problem areas in
law.
CLLO 2: Describe, analyze, and evaluate legal problems and dilemmas from the
various legal theories and paradigms discussed in class.
CLLO 3: Appreciate the role of legal theory in legal practice, policy formulation,
and decision-making.
Outline of Discussion and Readings
I. PRELIMINARIES
Cass R. Sunstein, On Legal Theory and Legal Practice, 37 Theory and Practice
267 (1995).
Perfecto V. Fernandez, Philosophy and Law, 40 PHIL. L.J. 599 (1965).
Emmanuel Q. Fernando, The Relevance of the Philosophy to Law, 73 PHIL.
L.J. 1 (1998).
II. MAJOR SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

A. Legal Positivism
JOHN AUSTIN, THE PROVINCE OF JURISPRUDENCE DETERMINED, LECTURE I
(1892).
H.L.A. Hart, Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, 71 HARV.
L.R. 593 (1958).
H.L.A. HART, THE CONCEPT OF LAW 79-123 (1961).
HANS KELSEN, THE PURE THEORY OF LAW 1-10; 193-214 (1967).
—, INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF LEGAL THEORY 55-75 (1992).
ANDREI MARMOR, POSITIVE LAW AND OBJECTIVE VALUES 71-88 (2001).
JOSEPH RAZ, THE AUTHORITY OF LAW 37-52 (2009).
B. Natural Law
Plato, Laws, Book IV.
Cicero, Republic III; Law II (in De Re Publica, De Legibus).
THOMAS AQUINAS, SUMMA THEOLOGICA (First part of the Second Part, QQ
90 – 108 [Treatise on Law]).
BRIAN BIX, Natural Law Theory, IN A COMPANION TO PHILOSOPHY OF LAW
AND LEGAL THEORY (2010).
JOHN FINNIS, NATURAL LAW AND NATURAL RIGHTS (2011).
—, Natural Law and Legal Reasoning, in ROBERT P. GEORGE ED., NATURAL
LAW THEORY: CONTEMPORARY ESSAYS (1992).
LON FULLER, MORALITY OF LAW 33-94 (1969).
Hart-Fuller Debate: H.L.A Hart, Positivism and the Separation of Law and
Morals, 71 HARV. L. REV. 598 (1958); Lon Fuller, Positivism and Fidelity
to Law - A Response to Professor Hart, 71 HARV. L. REV. 630 (1958).
RONALD DWORKIN, TAKING RIGHTS SERIOUSLY 27-80 (1977).
—, LAW’S EMPIRE 1-44; 225-275 (1986).
Hart-Dworkin Debate: H.L.A HART, ESSAYS IN JURISPRUDENCE AND
PHILOSOPHY 137-141 (1977); H.L.A. Hart, Comment, in RUTH GAVINSON,
ED., ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY LEGAL PHILOSOPHY (1987); Ronald
Dworkin, Hart’s Posthumous Reply, 130 HARV. L. REV. 2096 (2017).
C. Legal Realism
Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Path of Law, 10 HARV. L. REV 457 (1897)
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Law in Science and Science in Law, 12 HARV. L.
REV. 443 (1899).
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, THE COMMON LAW (1963).
Roscoe Pound, The Scope and Purpose of Sociological Jurisprudence, Pt I
24 HARV. L. REV. 591 (1911-2); Pt II 25 HARV. L. REV. 140 (1911-2); Pt III
25 HARV. L. REV. 489 (1911-2).
—, The Call for a Realist Jurisprudence 44 HARV. L. REV. 697 (1931).
Karl N. Llewellyn, Some Realism about Realism - Responding to Dean
Pound, 44 HARV. L. REV. 1222 (1931).
Max Radin, Legal Realism, 31(5) COLUM. L. REV. 824 (1931).
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Understanding Legal Realism, 87 TEX. L. REV. 731
(2009).
D. Law and Economics

Ronald H. Coase, The Problem of Social Cost, 3 J.L. & ECON. 1 (1960).
RICHARD POSNER, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW (9th ed., 2014).
—, THE ECONOMICS OF JUSTICE 52-65 (1983).
DANIEL FARBER AND PHILIP FRICKEY, LAW AND PUBLIC CHOICE (1991).
E. Law and Literature

Benjamin N. Cardozo, Law and Literature, 14 Yale L. Rev 699 (1925).
JAMES BOYD WHITE, THE LEGAL IMAGINATION: STUDIES IN THE NATURE OF
LEGAL THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION 1-70(1965).
Kenneth S. Abraham, Statutory Interpretation and Literary Theory: Some
Common Concerns of an Unlikely Pair, 32 RUTGERS L. REV. 676 (1979).
Owen Fiss, Objectivity and Interpretation, 34 STAN. L. REV. 739 (1982).
Stanley Fish, Fish v. Fiss, 36 STAN. L. REV. 1325 (1984).
F. Critical Legal Studies

Lewis Kornhauser, The Great Image of Authority, 36 STAN. L. REV. 349
(1986).
Duncan Kennedy, Freedom and Constraint in Adjudication: A Critical
Phenomenology, 36 J. LEGAL EDUC. 518 (1987).
Mark Tushnet, An Essay on Rights, 62 TEXAS L. REV. 1363 (1984).
Duncan Kennedy, The Structure of Blackstone’s Commentaries, 28
BUFFALO L. REV. 205 (1979).
ROBERTO MANGABIERA UNGER, THE CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES MOVEMENT
12-49 (1986).
Gary Minda, Critical Legal Studies. in POSTMODERN LEGAL MOVEMENTS: LAW
AND JURISPRUDENCE AT CENTURY’S END, 106-127 (1995).
Alan Hunt, The Theory of Critical Legal Studies, 6(1) OXF. J. LEG. STUD.
1(1986).
Mark V. Tushnet, Perspectives on Critical Legal Studies, 52 GEO. WASH. L.
REV. 239 (1984).
III. Themes in Legal Theory
A. Justice
ARISTOTLE, NICOMACHEAN ETHICS
JOHN RAWLS, A THEORY OF JUSTICE (1971)
ROBERT NOZICK, ANARCHY, STATE, AND UTOPIA (1974)
MICHAEL J. SANDEL, LIBERALISM AND THE LIMITS OF JUSTICE (1998)
B. Crime and Punishment

Retributive Justice - IMMANUEL KANT, THE METAPHYSICS OF MORALS
Consequentialist - Plato, Laws, Book XI; H.L.A. HART, PUNISHMENT AND
RESPONSIBILITY: ESSAYS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW (2008)
Expressive - JOEL FEINBERG, THE EXPRESSIVE FUNCTION OF PUNISHMENT IN
DOING AND DESERVING: ESSAYS ON THE THEORY OF RESPONSIBILITY (1970)
C. Legal and Moral Rights

JEREMY BENTHAM, ANARCHICAL FALLACIES
Wesley Hohfeld, Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in
Judicial Reasoning, 23 YALE L.J. 16
—, Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning, 26
YALE L.J. 710 (1917)
MATTHEW KRAMER, Rights without Trimmings in MATTHEW KRAMER, ET AL.
A DEBATE OVER RIGHTS (1998)
D. The Obligation to Obey the Law

JOHN LOCKE, TWO TREATISES ON GOVERNMENT, II, Ch. 8 Sec. 119
FRANK G. MILLER AND ALAN WERTHEIMER, EDS. THE ETHICS OF CONSENT
(2010)
JOSEPH RAZ, ETHICS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN (1994)
H.L.A. Hart, Are There Any Natural Rights? 64 PHI. REV. 175 (1955)
Lon Fuller, Positivism and Fidelity to Law, 71 HARV. L. REV. 630 (1958)
William A. Edmundson, State of the Art: The Duty to Obey the Law, 10 LEG.
THEORY 215 (2004)
Course Requirements:
This course will be requiring one examination and one final written output. The
components for your grade will be: Midterm examination – 30%; Final paper – 70%.
Class participation, while not mandatory, will be given credit for the final grade.
1. The formal requirement for the writing assignments shall be:

a. Word count (excluding title and references): 4,500 – 5,000
a. Paper size and orientation: A4, portrait
b. Font style and point: Arial, 12pt
c. Line spacing: Single
d. Margins: Normal (2.54 cm on all sides)
e. Pagination: Bottom right, Arial pt. 10
f. File type: PDF
2. File name: ID Number_block_last name_title of output (e.g.

14301010_A_villanueva_midterm/final term paper)
3. The word count, excluding title, subheadings, and references should be

indicated at the bottom left portion of the last page.
4. Citation format: Harvard Bluebook Legal Citation System (21st ed., 2020)
5. For both papers, the rubric for grading shall be as follows:

Form Total = 25%
Word limit 2
Referencing 10
Format 3
Writing quality, grammar, clarity of 10
expression
On time (-10% per day for 5 days. After 5 days -0
= 0)
Substance Total = 75%

Research: thorough 25
Methodology appropriate to answer question 10
Argument: theories, themes & narrative 20
Description, Analysis & Evaluation 15
Conclusion supported 10
Total 100%

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UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS

SCHOOL OF LAW AND GOVERNANCE

Course No. : JD 11101

Course Title : Philosophy of Law

Course Credit : 2 units

Course Instructor : Marlouize E. Villanueva

Consultation Hours : Monday – 05:30 PM – 06:30 PM

At the end of the course, students are expected to

Program Level Learning Outcomes (PLLO):1

Scientia: A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL

Virtus: A VIRTUOUS EXEMPLAR

Devotio: A DEDICATED ADVOCATE

Course Level Learning Outcomes (CLLO):

Upon completion of the course, the students should be able to:

Outline of Discussion and Readings

II. MAJOR SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

D. Law and Economics

E. Law and Literature

F. Critical Legal Studies

III. Themes in Legal Theory

B. Crime and Punishment

C. Legal and Moral Rights

D. The Obligation to Obey the Law

1. The formal requirement for the writing assignments shall be:

2. File name: ID Number_block_last name_title of output (e.g.

3. The word count, excluding title, subheadings, and references should be

5. For both papers, the rubric for grading shall be as follows:

Substance Total = 75%

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