Introductory Algebra 12th Edition

Bittinger Test Bank

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Find all numbers for which the rational expression is not defined.
2
1) 1)
a-3
A) None B) a = 3 C) a = 0 D) a = -3

6
2) 2)
b+7
A) b = 0 B) None C) b = 7 D) b = -7

c-6
3) 3)
3
A) c = -6 B) c = 6 C) None D) c = 0

d-5
4) 4)
8-d
A) d = -8 B) d = 8, 5 C) None D) d = 8

x2 - 16
5) 5)
x2 - 7x + 10
A) x = 0 B) x = -5 and x = -2
C) x = 5 and x = 2 D) x = 4 and x = -4

x2 - 4
6) 6)
x2 - 5x - 24
A) x = 3 and x = -8 B) x = 2 and x = -2 C) x = 0 D) x = -3 and x = 8

x2 - 16
7) 7)
x2 - 5x - 24
A) x = -8 and x = 3 B) x = 0 C) x = 4 and x = -4 D) x = 8 and x = -3

5y - 4
8) 8)
y2 - 49

A) y = 7 and y = -7 B) y = 49

4
C) y = D) y = 7
5

b-7
9) 9)
7b - 21
A) b = 3 B) b = 0 C) b = -7 D) b = 21

1
Multiply. Do not simplify.
7y4 4z
10) ∙ 10)
7y4 7x
4z (7y4 )(7x) (7y4 )(4z) (7y4 )(4z)
A) B) C) D)
(7y4 )(7x) (7y4 )(4z) (7y4 )(7x) 7x

3x x - 5
11) ∙ 11)
3x x + 6
3x(x + 6) x-5 3x(x - 5) 3x(x - 5)
A) B) C) D)
3x(x - 5) 3x(x + 6) x+6 3x(x + 6)

5a + 1 a
12) ∙ 12)
8a - 1 a
(5a + 1)a (8a - 1)a (5a + 1)a 5a + 1
A) B) C) D)
8a - 1 (5a + 1)a (8a - 1)a (8a - 1)a

x - 6 -1
13) ∙ 13)
4 - x -1
(x - 6)(-1) (4 - x)(-1) x-6 (x - 6)(-1)
A) B) C) D)
4-x (x - 6)(-1) (4 - x)(-1) (4 - x)(-1)

x+2 x-2
14) ∙ 14)
x+6 x-2
x+2 (x + 6)(x - 2) (x + 2)(x - 2) (x + 2)(x - 2)
A) B) C) D)
(x + 6)(x - 2) (x + 2)(x - 2) (x + 6)(x - 2) x+6

Simplify.
15k3
15) 15)
5k
A) 3k B) 10k2 C) 10 D) 3k2

32m 4 p2
16) 16)
8m 8 p

4p 4m4
A) 4m4 p2 B) C) D) 4mp
m4 p

20x + 15
17) 17)
25
4x + 3 4x + 3 4x
A) 4x + 3 B) C) D)
5 25 5

2
 3m2 + 3m
18) 18)
9m2 + 6m
m+1 m+1 m2 + 1 m+3
A) B) C) D)
m+2 3m + 2 3m2 + 2 3m + 2

9x2 - 36x
19) 19)
15x2 - 60x
5 x-4 3
A) B) 3 C) D)
3 5x - 20 5

8 - 6x
20) 20)
3x - 4
A) 6x - 8 B) 2 C) -2 D) 3x - 4

y2 + 2y
21) 21)
y2 + 8y

7y + 10 y2 + 2y y+2 y+2
A) B) C) D)
13y + 40 y+8 y2 + 8y y+8

3x + 2
22) 22)
12x2 + 23x + 10
3x + 4 3x + 2
A) B)
4x + 23 2
12x + 23x + 10
1 3x
C) D)
4x + 5 4x + 5

y2 + 2y - 8
23) 23)
y2 + 3y - 10
2y - 8 y+4 2y - 4 y2 + 2y - 8
A) B) C) D) -
3y - 10 y+5 3y - 5 y2 + 3y - 10

y2 - 2y - 35
24) 24)
y2 + 14y + 45
y2 - 2y - 35 -2y + 35
A) - B)
y2 + 14y + 45 14y - 14

y-7 -2y - 35
C) D)
y+9 14y + 45

3
 y2 - 4y - 12
25) 25)
y2 - 5y - 14
-4y - 6 y2 - 4y - 12 -4y - 12 y-6
A) B) - C) D)
-5y - 7 y2 - 5y - 14 -5y - 14 y-7

Multiply and, if possible, simplify.

2z 3 12
26) ∙ 26)
4 z2
6z 2 z 6
A) B) C) D) 6z
z3 6 z

8x2 14
27) ∙ 27)
7 x3
x 16x2 16 x5
A) B) C) D)
12 x3 x 12

2p - 2 8p2
28) ∙ 28)
p 6p - 6
8p 3
A) B)
3 8p

16p3 - 16p2 12p2 + 24p + 12

C) D)
6p2 - 6p 8p3

k2 + 14k + 45 k2 + 9k
29) ∙ 29)
k2 + 18k + 81 k2 + 11k + 30
1 k k k2 + 9k
A) B) C) D)
k+6 2
k + 18k + 81 k+6 k+6

k2 + 9k + 18 k2 + 8k
30) ∙ 30)
k2 + 14k + 48 k2 - 4k - 21
1 k k k2 + 8k
A) B) C) D)
k-7 k-7 k2 + 14k + 48 k-7

x2 x2 - 13x + 40
31) ∙ 31)
x2 - 64 x2 - 5x
x x x x2
A) B) C) D)
x-8 (x + 8)(x + 5) x+8 x+8

4
 x 4 - 1 x2 + 9
32) ∙ 32)
x4 - 81 x2 + 1
x+1 x-1 (x + 1)(x - 1) x-1
A) B) C) D)
x-3 x-3 (x + 3)(x - 3) x+3

Find the reciprocal.

10
33) 33)
y
10 y 10 1
A) - B) C) 1 - D)
y 10 y 10y

x
34) 34)
2
x 1 2 x
A) - B) C) D) 1 -
2 2x x 2

t+8
35) 35)
t-2
8+t t- 8 t+2 t- 2
A) B) C) D)
2-t t+ 2 t-8 t+ 8

36) 6y2 + 3y 36)

1 6y2
A) 1 - (6y2 + 3y) B) C) D) 3y2 + 6y
2
6y + 3y 3y

2
37) 37)
x2 + y 2
x2 + y 2 1 2 1
A) B) C) - D)
2 2x + 2y2 x
2 x + y2
2 2x + y 2
2

x2 + 6
38) 38)
4-x
4-x x2 + 4 6-x x2 + 6
A) B) C) D)
x2 + 6 6-x x2 + 4 x-4

y2 + 5y + 8
39) 39)
y2 - y + 4
y2 + 5y - 8 y2 - y + 4 y2 - 8y + 5 y2 - y - 4
A) B) C) D)
y2 - y - 4 y2 + 5y + 8 y2 + y + 4 y2 + 5y - 8

5
 x2 + 6xy - y 2
40) 40)
x2 - 4xy + y 2
x2 - 4xy + y 2 x2 + 4xy + y 2 1 x2 - 6xy + y 2
A) B) C) D)
x2 + 6xy - y 2 x2 - 6xy - y 2 x2 - 4xy - y 2 x2 + 4xy - y 2

Divide and simplify.

3 6
41) ÷ 41)
8 5
5 16 9 20
A) B) C) D)
16 5 20 9

2x2 x3
42) ÷ 42)
4 20
x 10 10x2 x5
A) B) C) D)
10 x x3 40

6p - 6 7p - 7
43) ÷ 43)
p 8p2
7 48p
A) B)
48p 7

48p3 - 48p2 42p2 + 84p + 42

C) D)
7p2 - 7p 8p3

28 7
44) ÷ 44)
y-x x-y
4(x - y)
A) -28 B) C) 4 D) -4
y-x

-9 + 3x 21 - 7x
45) ÷ 45)
9 21
x-3 x-3
A) -1 B) C) 1 D)
x+3 3-x

x2 - 16 5x + 20
46) ÷ 46)
x x-4
5(x + 4)2 5x (x - 4)2 (x - 4)2
A) B) C) D)
x (x - 4)2 x 5x

x2 + 9x + 18 x2 - 36
47) ÷ 47)
x+3 3x - 18
(x + 6)2 1 3x - 18
A) B) 3 C) D)
3 3 x-6

6
 z 2 + 8z + 15 z 2 + 3z
48) ÷ 48)
2 2
z + 9z + 20 z + 14z + 40
z z + 10 z + 10
A) B) z + 10 C) D)
2
z + 9z + 20 z 2 + 4z z

z 2 + 10z + 25 z2 + 5z
49) ÷ 49)
2 2
z + 11z + 30 z - 3z - 54
z-9 z-9 z
A) B) C) z - 9 D)
2
z + 6z z 2
z + 11z + 30

a 2 - 9a + 20 a 2 - 10a + 25
50) ÷ 50)
a 2 + 8a + 16 a 2 + 2a - 24
a+6 (a - 5)3 (a - 4)2 (a + 6) (a - 4)2 (a + 6)
A) - B) C) D)
a-5 (a + 4)2 (a + 6) (a + 4)2 (a - 5) (a + 4)2

Find the LCM.

51) 36, 27 51)
A) 108 B) 36 C) 54 D) 12

52) 20, 12, 15 52)

A) 12 B) 60 C) 20 D) 30

53) 30, 12, 90 53)

A) 180 B) 36 C) 90 D) 60

54) 500, 900, 450 54)

A) 1500 B) 900 C) 4500 D) 2250

Add, first finding the LCD. Simplify, if possible.

6 2
55) + 55)
7 9
1 8 17 68
A) B) C) D)
2 63 4 63

10 5
56) + 56)
11 6
15 5 115 115
A) B) C) D)
17 22 17 66

1 7
57) + 57)
24 18
1 31 4 31
A) B) C) D)
54 72 21 7

7
 1 4 4
58) + + 58)
4 7 5
9 227 227 9
A) B) C) D)
16 140 16 140

Find the LCM.

59) 50x5 y , 30x4y3 , 15x2 y4 59)
A) 150 x5y4 B) 30 x5 y C) 75 x20y12 D) 50 x5 y4

60) 35x , 5x2 , 7x3 60)

A) 35 x5 B) 35 x2 C) 35 x3 D) 7 x3

61) 6xy , 15x2 61)

A) 30 xy2 B) 30 xy3 C) 30 x2 y D) 30 x3 y

62) t , t + 8 62)
A) t + 8 B) 28 C) t D) t(t + 8 )

63) 7a + 21 , a 2 + 3a 63)
A) 7 a + 3 B) 7 a2 + 21 C) 7 a(a + 3 ) D) 7 a2 + 3

64) n , 4 + n , 4 - n 64)
A) 16 n 2 B) n( 4 + n)( 4 - n) C) n + 4 D) n 2 + 16

65) r2 + 6 r + 9 , r2 + 3 r 65)
A) (r + 3 )2 B) r(r + 3 ) C) r(r + 3 )2 D) r(r + 1)(r + 3 )

66) m2 + 2 m , m2 + 7 m + 10 66)
A) m(x - 3 )(m + 5 ) B) m(m + 2 )(m + 5 )
C) m(m - 3 )2 D) (m - 3 )2

67) x2 + 10 x + 24 , x2 + 8 x + 12 67)
A) (x + 6 )(x + 2 ) B) (x + 4 )(x + 6 )(x + 2 )
C) (x - 4 )(x - 6 )(x + 2 ) D) (x + 4 )(x + 6 )

68) x2 - 6 x + 5 , 4 x - 20 68)
A) 4 (x - 1 )(x - 5 ) B) 4 (x + 1 )(x + 5 )
C) 4 (x + 1 )(x - 5 ) D) 4 (x - 1 )(x + 5 )

Add. Simplify, if possible.

6 4
69) + 69)
8 8
4 5 5
A) B) C) 5 D)
5 2 4

8
 6 2
70) + 70)
11x 11x
8 8 11x
A) B) 1 C) D)
11x 22x 8

10 2
71) + 71)
8x 2 8x2
2 3 3
A) B) 3 C) D)
3x2 2x2 4x4

5x + 7 6 - 6x
72) + 72)
2x - 1 -1 + 2x
13x + 1 -1x + 13 1 -1x + 13
A) B) C) - x - 13 D)
2x - 1 4x - 2 2 2x - 1

3 5
73) + 73)
x+y y+x
-2 3 5 8 8
A) B) + C) D)
x+y x y x+y 2x + 2y

m2 - 8m 12
74) + 74)
m-2 m-2
m2 - 8m + 12
A) m - 6 B) m - 2 C) D) m + 6
m-2

5 7
75) + 75)
x- 7 7 -x
2 -2 35 12
A) B) C) D)
x- 7 x- 7 x- 7 x- 7

5 4
76) + 76)
9 -m m- 9
20 1 9 -1
A) B) C) D)
9 -m 9 -m 9 -m 9 -m

8 6
77) + 77)
m - n2 n2 - m
14 2 48 -2
A) B) C) D)
m - n2 m - n2 m - n2 m - n2

4 9
78) + 78)
3x - 5 5 - 3x
-13 5 -5 13
A) B) C) D)
3x - 5 3x - 5 3x - 5 3x - 5

9
 x + 8 x - 5 9(x + 1)
79) + + 79)
x-4 4-x x-4
9x + 14 11x + 12 9x + 22 9x + 22
A) B) C) D)
x-4 x-4 x-4 (x - 4)3

2 4
80) + 80)
21x 15x2
6 6 2(5x + 14) 48
A) B) C) D)
21x + 15x2 315x2 105x2 105x2

4 7
81) + 81)
r r- 5
20 r - 11 11 r - 20 11 r - 20 20 r - 11
A) B) C) D)
r( 5 - r) r( 5 - r) r(r - 5 ) r(r - 5 )

2 8
82) + 82)
r r +9
10 r + 18 10 r + 18 -18 r - 10 -18 r - 10
A) B) C) D)
r( -9 - r) r(r + 9 ) r(r + 9 ) r( -9 - r)

m +5 4m + 7
83) + 83)
2 2
m - 3 m - 10 m - 6 m + 5
5 m 2 + 19 m + 9
A) 5 m + 12 B)
(m - 5 )(m + 2 )(m - 1 )

5 m 2 + 19 m + 9 5 m + 12
C) D)
(m + 5 )(m - 2 )(m + 1 ) 2m2 - 9 m - 5

2 7
84) + 84)
2 2
y - 3y + 2 y - 1
28 y - 12 12 y - 9
A) B)
(y - 1)(y + 1)(y - 2) (y - 1)(y + 1)(y - 2)
9 y - 12 9 y - 12
C) D)
(y - 1)(y + 1)(y - 2) (y - 1)(y - 2)

x 6x
85) + 85)
2
x -1 x - x2
-5x2 - 6x -5x - 6 -5x + 6 -5x3 + x2 - 6x
A) B) C) D)
x(x - 1)(x + 1) (x - 1)(x + 1) (x - 1)(x + 1) (x2 - 1)(x - x2 )

9 2
86) + 86)
(x + 5)2 x+5
2x + 11 11 2x + 19 9x + 47
A) B) C) D)
(x + 5)2 x+5 (x + 5)2 (x + 5)2

10
 7 5
87) + 87)
x6 y xy3
5x5 + 7y2 12 12 5x6 + 7y3
A) B) C) D)
x6 y3 x6 y3 xy x6 y3

Subtract. Simplify, if possible.

21 4
88) - 88)
21x 21x
17 17 21x
A) B) C) D) 17
42x 21x 17

14 10
89) - 89)
6x 2 6x2
2 3 2
A) B) C) D) 2
6x4 2x2 3x2

13 6
90) - 90)
q-6 q-6
13(q - 6) 7 7 19
A) B) C) D)
6(q - 6) q q-6 q-6

2x + 4 x+2
91) - 91)
x2 + 3x + 2 x2 + 3x + 2
5 1 x+6
A) B) x + 2 C) D)
2
x + 3x + 2 x+1 2
x + 3x + 2

3x + 14 x+8
92) - 92)
2 2
x - 3x - 18 x - 3x - 18
2x + 22 2 1
A) B) 2x + 6 C) D)
x2 - 3x - 18 x-6 x-3

5 1
93) - 93)
4 -y y- 4
6 4 5 -4
A) B) C) D)
4 -y 4 -y 4 -y 4 -y

-2 9
94) - 94)
y- 4 4 -y
11 -18 -11 7
A) B) C) D)
y- 4 y- 4 y- 4 y- 4

5 9
95) - 95)
7x - 4 4 - 7x
-14 4 -4 14
A) B) C) D)
7x - 4 7x - 4 7x - 4 7x - 4

11
 5x - 25 5x - 25
96) - 96)
x2 - 25 25 - x2
10 10
A) 0 B) C) D) 10
x+5 x-5

5(y - 1) y-5 6y
97) - - 97)
4y - 9 9 - 4y 4y - 9
-2y -10
A) B)
4y - 9 4y - 9
-10 10
C) D)
(4y - 9)(9 - 4y) 4y - 9

2 4
98) - 98)
21x 15x2
-2 2(5x - 14) 2 8
A) B) C) - D)
21x + 15x2 105x2 315x2 105x2

2x - 7 8x - 5
99) - 99)
2x6 8x

-8x7 + 5x6 + 8x2 - 28x -2x6 + 1.25x5 + 2x - 7

A) B)
8x7 2x6

-6x - 2 -8x6 + 5x5 + 8x - 28

C) D)
8x6 8x6

6x + 5y 4x - 4y
100) - 100)
2
3x y xy2
-12x2 + 18xy + 5y2 12x2 - 6xy + 5y2
A) B)
3x2 y2 3x2 y2
6x2 y2 + 5xy3 - 12x3 y + 12x2 y2 2x + 9y
C) D)
3x3y3 3x2 y2

x 5
101) - 101)
2 2
x - 16 x + 5x + 4
x2 - 4 x + 20 x2 + 4 x + 20
A) B)
(x - 4)(x + 4) (x - 4)(x + 4)(x + 1)
x2 - 4 x + 20 x2 - 4
C) D)
(x - 4)(x + 4)(x + 1) (x - 4)(x + 4)(x +1)

1 1
102) - 102)
x+1 x-1
2x2 - 2 -2 2x2
A) B) C) D) 0
x2 + 1 2
x -1 x2 + 1

12
 6x x
103) - 103)
x2 - 4 x-2

x2 + 8x x2 + 4x -x2 + 4x -x2 + 8x
A) B) C) D)
x2 - 4 x2 - 4 x2 - 4 x2 - 4

2x 6
104) - 104)
x2 - 64 8-x
8x - 48 2x - 6 8x + 48 -4x - 48
A) B) C) D)
x2 - 64 x2 - 64 x2 - 64 x2 - 64

9 4
105) - 105)
2
z - 4z z -4
9 - 4z 9 + 4z 9z + 4 4z - 9
A) B) C) D)
z 2 - 4z z 2 - 4z z 2 - 4z z-4

5x 20
106) - 106)
2 2
x - 5x + 6 x - 6x + 8
5(x - 6) 5
A) B)
(x - 3)(x - 4) (x - 2)(x - 3)
x-6 5x - 20
C) D)
(x - 3)(x - 4) (x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)

11xy x-y
107) - 107)
2
x -y 2 x+y

x2 + 13xy + y2 -x2 + 13xy - y2

A) B)
(x + y)(x - y) (x + y)(x - y)
x2 + 9xy + y2 -x2 + 9xy - y2
C) D)
(x + y)(x - y) (x + y)(x + y)

u u
108) - 108)
u-v u+v
2u2 - 2uv u 2uv
A) B) 0 C) - D)
(u - v)2 v (u - v)(u + v)

Perform the indicated operation. Simplify, if possible.

7x 7x - 2 6x
109) - - 109)
x- 9 9 -x x- 9
20x - 2 8x - 2 20x + 2 8x - 2
A) B) C) D)
x+ 9 x- 9 x- 9 3x + 27

13
 b 5 6
110) + - 110)
b2 - 25 b + 5 b
25(b + 6) -25(b - 6)
A) B)
b(b + 5)(b - 5) b(b + 5)(b - 5)
25(b - 6) 6b2 - 25b + 150
C) D)
(b + 5)(b - 5) b(b + 5)(b - 5)

2ab b
111) - +3 111)
a2 - b2 a-b
3a + 4b (a - b)(3a + 4b)
A) B)
a+b a 2 - b2
2ab - b + 3 3a + 4b
C) D)
a+b+1 a 2 - b2

64 x 1 11
112) - + 112)
3 (8x + 1) 3 x( 8 x + 1) x
8(x + 4 ) 8(x + 4 )
A) B)
3x 24 x2 + 3x
64 x2 + 264x + 32 64x2 + 264x + 32
C) D)
24 x2 + 3x 3x

-9 x 1 2
113) + - 113)
5 (3x + 1) 5 x( 3 x + 1) x
-9x2 - 30x - 9 -9x2 - 30x - 9 3(x + 3 ) 3(x + 3 )
A) B) C) - D) -
5x 15x2 + 5x 15x2 + 5x 5x

5(y - 1) y-5 6y
114) - - 114)
3y - 8 8 - 3y 3y - 8
10 -2y
A) B)
3y - 8 3y - 8
-10 -10
C) D)
3y - 8 (3y - 8)(8 - 3y)

3x + 9 x + 3 2x + 10
115) + - 115)
x+2 x + 4 (x + 2)(x + 4)
4 1 3
A) B) C) 4 D)
(x + 2)(x + 4) (x + 2)(x + 4) (x + 2)

14
Simplify.
1
+1
a
116) 116)
1
-1
a
1+a a
A) B) 1 - a 2 C) 1 D)
1-a 1 - a2

2
4 +
x
117) 117)
x 1
+
4 8
16 x
A) B) C) 16 D) 1
x 16

1
6+
3
118) 118)
2
2-
27
513 171 171 513
A) B) C) D)
104 52 26 52

1 1
-
8 y
119) 119)
8-y
8
-8 -1 1
A) B) C) -y D)
y y y

4 3
-
3x3 6x
120) 120)
3 3
+
2x 3x3

8 - 9x2 4 - 3x2 8 - 3x2 8 + 3x2

A) B) C) D)
9x2 + 6 3x2 - 6 9x2 + 6 9x2 + 2

1 1
+
m z
121) 121)
1 1
-
m z
z+m z+m z-m z+m
A) B) C) D)
z-m z z m

15
 1 25
-
x2 y2
122) 122)
8y - 40x
y + 5x x + 5y y2 + 5x
A) B) 8x - 40y2 C) D)
8x2 y2 8x2 y 8x2

x 3
-
5y 10y3
123) 123)
3 x
-
10y3 5y

2xy2 - 3 2xy2 - 3
A) B) 1 C) -1 D)
2xy2 + 3 3 - 2xy2

1
x-2+
x
124) 124)
2
x-3+
x

x2 - 2x + 1 (x - 1)2 x-1 x-1

A) B) C) D)
x2 - 3x + 2 x-2 x2 - 2x x-2

6 1
+
x+2 x
125) 125)
2 4
+
x+2 x
7x + 2 9 7x + 12 7x + 2
A) B) C) D)
6x + 8 8 6x + 4 6x

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Answer the question.

6 (x - 2 )
126) For x ≠ 2 , the rational expression is equal to 6 . Can the same be said for 126)
x- 2
6x - 2
? Explain why or why not.
x- 2

x- 4 0
127) If 4 is substituted for x in the rational expression , the result is . Mathematicians 127)
2
x - 16 0
have been known to say "Any number divided by itself is 1." Does this mean that this
expression is equal to 1 for x = 4 ? Explain why or why not.

128) Explain in your own words how to multiply rational expressions. (How would you explain 128)
this to a student in this class who was absent from class?).

129) Explain in your own words how to divide rational expressions. (How would you explain 129)
this to a student in this class who was absent from class?).

16
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

4x5 y6 5 x4 y4
130) If the rational expression represents the area of a rectangle and represents the 130)
5 p3q p2
length of the rectangle, what rational expression represents the width?
4 x9 y10 4 xy2 4 x9 y10 4 xy2
A) B) C) D)
5
p q 10 pq 25 p5 q 25 pq

9 (y - 8 ) ? 3 (y + 1 )
131) In the given problem ÷ = , what must be the polynomial that is 131)
3 (y + 9 ) (y + 9 )(y + 1 ) (y + 8 )
represented by the question mark?
(y + 1 )2(y + 9 )2
A) B) (y + 8 )(y + 8 )
(y + 8 )(y - 8 )

9 (y - 8 )
C) D) (y - 8 )(y + 8 )
(y + 8 )(y + 9 )2

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

132) Explain why the least common denominator of two (different) prime numbers is the 132)
product of the two numbers.

133) Explain why, when one number is a factor of another, the least common denominator of 133)
the numbers is the larger number.

134) Describe two ways in which multiplying by 1 is used in adding or subtracting using 134)
fractional notation.

135) Without multiplying by the least common denominator and solving, explain why the 135)
x 3
rational equation = has no solution. (Hint: Examine both numerators and
x-3 x-3
denominators carefully.)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Solve the equation.

7 6
136) = + 8 136)
x x
1 1 8
A) B) C) D) 8
8 13 13

2 2
137) + =1 137)
x 3
4
A) B) 6 C) 4 D) 3
3

17
 41 1
138) =6 - 138)
x x
41 3
A) B) C) 6 D) 7
6 20

x x
139) - = 3 139)
2 7
42
A) 6 B) 21 C) 14 D)
5

35
140) x + = 12 140)
x
A) 35 B) -7, -5 C) 7, 5 D) 12, 35

x 7
141) - =0 141)
7 x
A) 7 B) -7, 0, 7 C) -7, 7 D) No solution

x-3 4
142) = 142)
x+6 7
45
A) 15 B) C) 3 D) 1
11

6 3
143) = 143)
x+9 x-1
11 10
A) 11 B) 7 C) D)
3 3

x+1 x-1
144) - =1 144)
4 7
25 17 17 10
A) B) C) - D) -
3 3 11 3

9 4
145) = 145)
x+1 x
4 5 4 4
A) B) C) D) -
13 4 5 5

x 2
146) - 5 = 146)
x- 2 x- 2
1
A) - B) No solution C) - 2 D) 2
2

3 y
147) = 147)
y 4y - 9
A) - 9 ,- 3 B) 9 ,- 3 C) 9 , 3 D) - 9 , 3

18
 2 t
148) = 148)
t 5t - 8
A) 2, 5 B) 5 , 4 C) 0, 5 D) 8 , 2

x-7 10
149) = 149)
x-7 7-x
A) -3 B) -17 C) 3 D) 17

1 4
150) + =2 150)
x- 1 4x - 4
A) 2 B) 16 C) 0 D) 1

-5x 2x 6x- 4
151) = + 151)
3x + 3 6x + 6 x+ 1
1 1 1
A) B) C) - D) 24
2 48 2

6 9 3
152) - = 152)
y +2 y -2 2
y -4
A) 55 B) 11 C) 33 D) -11

6 8 2
153) - = 153)
m- 5 m+ 5 2
m - 25
A) -68 B) 34 C) -34 D) 71

7 x
154) = 154)
x-7 x-7
A) -7 B) 0 C) 7 D) No solution

2 2-x
155) = 155)
4-x x-4
A) No solution B) 2 C) 0 D) 4

9 3 12
156) - = 156)
y +3 y -3 2
y -9
A) -8 B) 48 C) 8 D) 24

y+1 y y-3
157) - = 157)
y + 6 y2 - 36 y - 6
4 4 3
A) 1 B) C) D)
3 5 4

x 1 x2 + 1
158) - = 158)
x + 1 x - 1 x2 - 1
A) -1 B) No solution C) -1, 1 D) 1

19
Solve the problem.
159) Martha can rake the leaves in her yard in 4 hours. Her younger brother can do the job in 7 hours. 159)
How long will it take them to do the job if they work together?
28 11 28
A) hr B) hr C) hr D) 7 hr
3 28 11

160) Frank can type a report in 3 hours and James takes 5 hours. How long will it take the two of them 160)
typing together?
8 15 15
A) hr B) 5 hr C) hr D) hr
15 8 2

161) A contractor finds that it takes Sam Tockett 10 hours to construct a wall of a certain size. It takes 161)
Jim Lowell 6 hours to construct the same wall. How long would it take if they worked together?
4 3
A) 1 hour B) 16 hours C) of an hour D) 3 hours
15 4

162) The Epson Stylus 850 can print Helen's class project in 18 minutes. The Epson Stylus 500 can print 162)
the project in 42 minutes. If the two printers work together, how long would they take to print out
the project?
3 5
A) 12 minutes B) 10 minutes C) 126 minutes D) of a minute
5 63

163) Chuck and Dana agree to meet in Chicago for the weekend. Chuck travels 68 miles in the same 163)
time that Dana travels 58 miles. If Chuck's rate of travel is 5 mph more than Dana's, and they
travel the same length of time, at what speed does Chuck travel?
A) 31 mph B) 34 mph C) 37 mph D) 29 mph

164) Tom Quig traveled 300 miles east of St. Louis. For most of the trip he averaged 70 mph, but for one 164)
period of time he was slowed to 10 mph due to a major accident. If the total time of travel was 6
hours, how many miles did he drive at the reduced speed?
A) 40 miles B) 15 miles C) 30 miles D) 20 miles

165) A man rode a bicycle for 12 miles and then hiked an additional 8 miles. The total time for the trip 165)
was 5 hours. If his rate when he was riding a bicycle was 10 miles per hour faster than his rate
walking, what was each rate?
A) Bike: 14.5 mph B) Bike: 11.5 mph C) Bike: 12 mph D) Bike: 13 mph
Hike: 4.5 mph Hike: 1.5 mph Hike: 2 mph Hike: 3 mph

166) A loaded moving truck is traveling 15 mph faster than a freight train. In the time it takes the train 166)
to travel 60 miles, the truck travels 90 miles. Find the speed of the truck.
A) 45 mph B) 90 mph C) 9 mph D) 15 mph

167) Fred bicycles 3 km/h slower than Samantha. In the time it takes Fred to bicycle 20 km, Samantha 167)
travels 26 km. How fast does Fred bicycle?
A) 10 km/h B) 7 km/h C) 20 km/h D) 13 km/h

Find the ratio. Simplify, if possible.

168) If Alison's company charged $214.64 for 8 hours of work, how much did they charge per hour? 168)
A) $34.83/hour B) $30.66/hour C) $26.83/hour D) $8.00/hour

20
 169) David's paycheck for a week at the video store was $122.85. If he worked 27 hours that week, what 169)
was his pay rate?
A) $4.73/hour B) $4.28/hour C) $4.53/hour D) $4.55/hour

1
170) Mara can type 300 words in hour (15 minutes). How many words per minute can she type? 170)
4
A) 5 words/minute B) 80 words/minute
C) 20 words/minute D) 75 words/minute

171) A machine can fill 3282 boxes of cereal in 0.6 hour. How many boxes of cereal can it fill per hour? 171)
A) 1969 boxes/hour B) 4689 boxes/hour
C) 3283 boxes/hour D) 5470 boxes/hour

Solve the problem.

172) Dr. Wong can see 12 patients in 2 hours. At this rate, how long would it take her to see 96 patients? 172)
A) 576 hours B) 16 hours C) 24 hours D) 15 hours

173) Maria and Charlie can deliver 80 papers in 4 hours. How long would it take them to deliver 28 173)
papers?
A) 11.4 hours B) 1.8 hours C) 112 hours D) 1.4 hours

1
174) Sven can type 55 words per minute. How many words would he type in hour (20 minutes)? 174)
3
A) 165 words B) 1100 words C) 367 words D) 18 words

175) A machine can fill 1394 cartons of milk in 0.2 hour. How many cartons of milk can it fill per hour? 175)
A) 1394 cartons B) 6970 cartons C) 4647 cartons D) 279 cartons

1
176) In a cake recipe, the ratio of milk to flour is . If 3 cups of milk are used, how many cups of flour 176)
8
are used?
3 1 8
A) cups B) cups C) cups D) 24 cups
8 24 3

177) To determine the number of fish in a lake, a park ranger catches 240 fish, tags them, and returns 177)
them to the lake. Later, 108 fish are caught, and it is found that 30 of them are tagged. Estimate the
number of fish in the lake.
A) 864 B) 14 C) 777,600 D) 67

178) A quality-control inspector examined 300 calculators and found 12 of them to be defective. At this 178)
rate, how many defective calculators will there be in a batch of 24,300 calculators?
A) 3600 B) 81 C) 972 D) 7

179) The ratio of the weight of an object on Mars to the weight of an object on Earth is 0.4 to 1. How 179)
much will a 160-pound astronaut weigh on Mars?
A) 40 pounds B) 250 pounds C) 400 pounds D) 64 pounds

21
For the pair of similar triangles, find the length of the indicated side.
180) 180)

In the left triangle, the hypotenuse has length 75, and the longer leg has length 72. In the right
triangle, the hypotenuse has length 25, the longer leg has length 24, and the shorter leg has length
7. Find the length, x, of the shorter leg of the left triangle.
A) x = 21 B) x = 28 C) x = 12 D) x = 7

181) 181)

In the outer triangle, the shortest side has length 8, and the middle side has length 10. In the inner
triangle, the shortest side has length 4, the middle side has length 5, and the longest side has length
6. Find the length, x, of the longest side of the outer triangle.
A) x = 18 B) x = 6 C) x = 14 D) x = 12

182) 182)

In the upper triangle, the shortest side has length 16, and the middle side has length 24. In the
lower triangle, the shortest side has length 12, the middle side has length 18, and the longest side
has length 24. Find the length, x, of the longest side of the upper triangle.
A) x = 32 B) x = 40 C) x = 24 D) x = 30

Given the values of x and y, find an equation of variation in which y varies directly as x.
183) y = 32, when x = 4 183)
128
A) y = B) y = 8x C) y = 32x D) y = 9x
x

184) y = 36, when x = 16 184)

A) y = 2.25x B) y = 0.44x C) y = 2.25y D) y = 36x

185) y = 3.6, when x = 1.6 185)

1 5.76
A) y = x B) y = 2.25x C) y = D) y = 3.6x
2.25 x

22
 186) y = 0.9, when x = 0.5 186)
A) y = 0.9x B) x = 0.9y C) y = 1.8x D) x = 1.8y

187) y = 3.68, when x = 1.6 187)

A) y = 2.3x B) x = 2.3y C) y = 1.6x D) y = 0.43x

188) y = 80, when x = 290 188)

A) y = 0.28x B) y = 0.38x C) y = 3.63x D) y = 80x

189) y = 250, when x = 30 189)

A) y = 8.33x B) y = 0.12x C) x = 8.33y D) x = 220y

Solve the problem.

190) The interest I earned in 1 yr on a fixed principal varies directly as the interest rate r. An investment 190)
earns $54.53 at an interest rate of 4.15%. Find an equation of variation.
415 2519 5453 415
A) I = - r B) I = r C) I = r D) I = r
5453 50 415 5453

191) The distance a vehicle can travel at a fixed speed varies directly as time. If a vehicle travels 1400 191)
miles in 40 minutes, how far will it travel in 50 minutes?
175 7 400
A) miles B) miles C) 1750 miles D) miles
4 400 7

192) The amount of money that Pablo makes in a given week varies directly as the number of hours he 192)
works that week. In a week in which he works 34 hours, he makes $476. How much will he make
in a week in which he works 46 hours?
A) $654 B) $644 C) $639 D) $659

193) A force is applied to a spring in order to compress it. The distance the spring is compressed from 193)
its natural length is denoted by x, and the force applied varies directly as x. If a force of 20 N
compresses the spring by 0.8 m, then what force is required to compress the spring by 1.6 m?
A) 44 N B) 43 N C) 48 N D) 40 N

194) The time T necessary to make an enlargement of a photo negative varies directly as the area A of 194)
the enlargement. If 140 seconds are required to make a 5-by-7 enlargement, find the time required
for a 7-by-9 enlargement.
A) 189 sec B) 378 sec C) 252 sec D) 315 sec

195) The mass of a liquid varies directly as its volume V. If the mass of the liquid in a cubical container 3 195)
cm on a side is 81 g, find the mass of the liquid in a cubical container 5 cm on a side.
A) 125 g B) 15 g C) 110 g D) 375 g

196) The distance D that a spring is stretched by a hanging object varies directly as the weight W of the 196)
object. If a 11-kg object stretches a spring 53 cm, find the distance when the weight is 22-kg.
A) 106 cm B) 4.57 cm C) 86 cm D) 4.82 cm

197) The number G of gears a machine can make varies directly as the time T it operates. If it can make 197)
1609 gears in 11 hours, how many gears can it make in 14 hours?
A) 0.0957 gears B) 2047.82 gears C) 1634 gears D) 146.27 gears

23
 198) According to Ohm's law, the electric current I, in amperes, in a circuit varies directly as the voltage 198)
V. When 18 volts are applied, the current is 2 amperes. What is the current when 22 volts are
applied?
A) 198 amperes B) 9 amperes C) 2.44 amperes D) 42 amperes

199) The weight W of an object on the Moon varies directly as the weight E on earth. A person who 199)
weighs 141 lb on earth weighs 28.2 lb on the Moon. How much would a 154-lb person weigh on
the Moon?
A) 323.2 lb B) 30.8 lb C) 770 lb D) 0.2 lb

Find an equation of variation in which y varies inversely as x and the following is true.
200) y = 38, when x = 4 200)
9.5 42 152
A) y = 9.5x B) y = C) y = D) y =
x x x

201) y = 7, when x = 12 201)

84 0.58 19
A) y = B) y = C) y = 84x D) y =
x x x

202) y = 21, when x = 20 202)

1.05 420
A) y = 420x B) y = C) y = 1.05x D) y =
x x

203) y = 0.8, when x = 0.6 203)

1.4 1.33 0.48
A) y = B) y = C) y = D) y = 1.33x
x x x

204) y = 7.25, when x = 0.36 204)

3.01 20.14 2.61
A) y = B) y = 20.14x C) y = D) y =
x x x

205) y = 0.25, when x = 32 205)

11 9 8
A) y = 8x B) y = C) y = D) y =
x x x

Solve the problem.

206) The volume V of a gas varies inversely as the pressure P on it. The volume of a gas is 400 cm 3 206)
under a pressure of 26 kg/cm 2 . Find an equation of variation.
P 10,400 2
A) V = B) V = C) V = D) V = 10,400P
10,400 P P

207) If x varies inversely as v, and x = 27 when v = 7, find x when v = 63. 207)

A) x = 49 B) x = 9 C) x = 3 D) x = 21

208) It takes 9 hours for 6 people to paint a house. How long will it take 3 people to do the job? 208)
A) 5 hr B) 18.9 hr C) 18 hr D) 4.5 hr

24
209) The volume V of a gas varies inversely as the pressure P on it. The volume of a gas is 250 cm 3 209)
under a pressure of 21 kg/cm 2 . What will be its volume under a pressure of 35 kg/cm 2 ?
A) 417 cm 3 B) 150 cm 3 C) 458 cm 3 D) 165 cm 3

210) The speed of a vehicle is inversely proportional to the time it takes to travel a fixed distance. If a 210)
vehicle travels a fixed distance at 10 miles per hour in 30 minutes, how fast must it travel to cover
the same distance in 15 minutes?
A) 5 miles per hour B) 45 miles per hour

1
C) 20 miles per hour D) miles per hour
5

211) If the area of a rectangle is fixed, the length of the rectangle varies inversely as the width. If the 211)
length of a rectangle is 20 inches and its width is 45 inches, find the length of a rectangle with a
width of 25 inches.
225 9 100
A) inches B) 36 inches C) inches D) inches
4 100 9

212) The gravitational attraction A between two masses varies inversely as the square of the distance 212)
between them. The force of attraction is 4 lb when the masses are 3 ft apart, what is the attraction
when the masses are 6 ft apart?
A) 4 lb B) 3 lb C) 1 lb D) 2 lb

25
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6

1) B
2) D
3) C
4) D
5) C
6) D
7) D
8) A
9) A
10) C
11) D
12) C
13) D
14) C
15) D
16) B
17) B
18) B
19) D
20) C
21) D
22) C
23) B
24) C
25) D
26) D
27) C
28) A
29) C
30) B
31) C
32) C
33) B
34) C
35) D
36) B
37) A
38) A
39) B
40) A
41) A
42) B
43) B
44) D
45) A
46) D
47) B
48) D
49) B
50) C
26
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6

51) A
52) B
53) A
54) C
55) D
56) D
57) B
58) B
59) A
60) C
61) C
62) D
63) C
64) B
65) C
66) B
67) B
68) A
69) D
70) A
71) C
72) D
73) C
74) A
75) B
76) B
77) B
78) C
79) C
80) C
81) C
82) B
83) B
84) C
85) B
86) C
87) A
88) B
89) C
90) C
91) C
92) C
93) A
94) D
95) D
96) B
97) B
98) B
99) D
100) A
27
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6

101) C
102) B
103) C
104) C
105) A
106) A
107) B
108) D
109) B
110) B
111) A
112) A
113) D
114) C
115) C
116) A
117) A
118) B
119) B
120) C
121) A
122) A
123) C
124) D
125) A
126) Answers will vary.
127) Answers will vary.
128) Answers will vary.
129) Answers will vary.
130) D
131) D
132) The numbers have no common factors, so the least common denominator must contain all the factors of both numbers
and, hence, is their product.
133) Every prime factor of the smaller number is contained in the prime factorization of the larger number. Then the least
common denominator will contain each prime factor exactly the number of times it appears in the larger number, and
hence, is the larger number.
134) Multiplying by 1 is used to write each fraction with the least common denominator as its denominator and to simplify
the sum or difference.
135) Since the denominators are the same, the numerators must be the same. Then x = 3; but this value of x makes the
denominators 0, so the equation has no solution.
136) A
137) B
138) D
139) D
140) C
141) C
142) A
143) A
144) B
145) C
28
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6

146) B
147) C
148) D
149) A
150) A
151) A
152) D
153) B
154) D
155) A
156) C
157) B
158) B
159) C
160) C
161) D
162) A
163) B
164) D
165) C
166) A
167) A
168) C
169) D
170) C
171) D
172) B
173) D
174) B
175) B
176) D
177) A
178) C
179) D
180) A
181) D
182) A
183) B
184) A
185) B
186) C
187) A
188) A
189) A
190) C
191) C
192) B
193) D
194) C
195) D
29
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED6

196) A
197) B
198) C
199) B
200) D
201) A
202) D
203) C
204) D
205) D
206) B
207) C
208) C
209) B
210) C
211) B
212) C

30