Disaster Last

Department of Environmental Science’s Karakoram international University Gilgit
Topic: History of Natural disasters in Pakistan:
Submitted to: Dr .karamat Ali
Submitted by: Ali
Registration No: 2018-KIU-451
Course: Disaster management
Semester: Bs6th
Date: 26Feb/2021
Introduction
Natural disasters can be defined as a combination of natural hazards and vulnerabilities that endanger
vulnerable communities that are incapable of withstanding the adversities arising from
them.Humanbeingsinvariablyfacethreatsofnaturalaswellashuman-madedisasters, which often lead to
massive damages, human suffering, and negative economic impacts. The main characteristics of natural
disasters are unpredictability, availability of limited resources in impacted areas, and dynamic changes in
the environment .Unpredictability implies that severe impacts on people and property during natural
disasters cannot be predicted with acceptable accuracy [3]. The issue of limited resources emerges
because unpredictability makes it difficult to allocate adequate resources In advance. Dynamic changes
in the environment result because it is difficult to make predictions about the movement of people and
the damages that may occur because of the natural disaster. It is difficult to predict such changes based
on data that pertains to normal periods. Introducing disaster management policies and applying
appropriate levels of information technology and equipment offer immense potential in enhancing the
capabilities of disaster management policies. In addition, the evolving trends have opened massive
technological resources for reducing disaster risks [5]. Big data is defined as the technological paradigm
that allows researchers to conduct an efficient analysis of vast quantities of data that is made available
through the current practices it is the collection of scientific and engineering methods and tools that help
in making the best of massive.
amounts of available data. Big data addresses not only storage issues, but also issues related to
accessibility, distribution, analysis, and effective visual presentation of data and analysis. Big data has
now become a crucial element of communication, which complements the conventional exchange of
intentional and explicit messages; such as first responders talking over a voice connection; or an
announcement of a text message through which warning is given to citizens faced with the threat of an
approaching natural disaster [8,9]. More precisely, communication also entails understanding and
monitoring the entire body of public and openly available communication such as messages and content
that is publicly exchanged on social media. In such situations, people may be exchanging messages in
reporting their condition to their loved ones or making appeals for help. However, big data allows
researchers to conduct a detailed analysis of all communications which provides valuable information
that has a general validity for the population at large; such as information about a disease outbreak. In
general, the disaster management cycle comprises four distinct phases, which are “mitigation”,
“preparedness”,“responses”,and “recovery”. The golf the mitigation phase is to minimize thee effects of
a disaster (building warning codes and risk zones, risk analysis, public education). The main focus of the
preparedness phase is on planning how to respond to a disaster. It includes preparedness plans,
emergency exercises, and training, but also the Early Warning System development and implementation.
Response activities pertain to providing there queried disaster management services to
savelivesandsafeguardpropertyandprotecttheenvironmentduringdisastermanagementsituations.
“Recovery” is the process of returning systems to normal levels after a disaster. In recent years, the
literature on disaster management mostly focused on the potential that lies in using specific kinds of
data for natural disaster management It is in this context that this paper makes a review of major big
data sources, the associated achievements in different disaster management phases, and emerging
technological topics associated with leveraging this new ecosystem of Big Data to monitor and detect
natural hazards, mitigate their effects, assist in relief efforts, and contribute to the recovery and
reconstruction processes.

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Department of Environmental Science’s Karakoram international University Gilgit

Topic: History of Natural disasters in Pakistan:

Submitted to: Dr .karamat Ali

Submitted by: Ali

Registration No: 2018-KIU-451

Course: Disaster management

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