9.

2) DASRATH RANGASALA STADIUM

Objective of study :
 Study for understanding
multipurpose utility
 Understanding response to urban
context
 Analyse design possibilities

9.2.1) General Information

Location : Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
Type: National Stadium
Built : 2026 BS – 2034 BS
Renovation : By N.Sangache in 1997 for 1999 SAF games and 2017

9.2.2) History
Sports activities were just introduced to Nepal in the middle of the 20th century. The two biggest
games at the time were football and athletics. These sports have become more popular since
there are no strict rules to follow in the beginning and they are also simple to grasp. Even though
football was quite popular at the time, there was no official team or organization to oversee the
growth of the sport.
After the Rana era, in 1905 AD, the formal football club began to develop with the help of
reputable individuals and community involvement. The most well-known individual who is
recognized as the founder of the football club in Nepal is Nar Shamsher Rana. There was
evidence of the importance of a few neighborhood football teams, including Rani Pokhari Corner
Team, New Road Team, and Sankata Boys Sports Club. At that time, they played primarily on
open fields around Tundikhel, and spectator seats could be found on either naturally sloped or
level terrain.
After some time in some 1960, National Sports Council was established in Singh and as outcome
of this result, Dasharath Sports Complex had been started to build since 2026B>S. and
completed in 2034 B.S.
9.2.3) Introduction
The largest sports facility in Nepal, Dasharatha Stadium in Tripureswor, Kathmandu, with a
seating capacity of 20,000 and a surface area of 110 Ropani. This structure has hosted the
inaugural SAF game in 1941. The government of His Majesty is the owner. Kumar Khadga
Bikram Rana was then a member and the Sports Council secretary. The primary driving force
behind the complex's creation was Kumar Khadga Bikram Rana.
The complex contains mainly four major sport units:
 Dasharath Stadium
 Covered Hall
 Swimming Arena
 Tennis Court

Bhuwaneshor Lal Shrestha is credited with creating the greatest stadium in our nation,
Dasharath Stadium in Tripureswor. It is miles ahead of the other stadiums in both use and
appearance. The first SAARC game was played at this location. The opening and closing
ceremonies, football, and athletics were all held there as well as serving as the major site for the
eighth SAF Games.
From 2026 B.S. until 2034 B.S., the stadium was built, taking around eight years. At the time,
the building cost a total of NRs 2 crore. The stadium was built in stages. General Stand was first
constructed, and VIP Pavilion was subsequently added. In the northern section, there were
existing brick sitting steps lying on slopes.
The eastern and southern portions were built using low-cost technology since the first five steps
sit on organic soil mounds and the remaining steps rest on a smaller beam. Later, the VIP Zone
(Western Parapet Zone) was constructed, costing around NRS 60 lakhs. 20,000 people can fit
inside. On 65 ropani of land, the stadium has grown. The sports complex's overall size, however,
including the stadium, the swimming pool, the lawn tennis court, the covered hall, the
administration building, the ministry building, the garden, and the parking spaces, is around 110
ropanis.
9.2.4) Analysis
· Our country's premier stadium, renowned for its exceptional functionality and
aesthetics.
· Hosted the first SAARC games, solidifying its status as the main venue for the event.
· Recently served as the primary location for eight SAF games.

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 · Constructed in multiple phases, initially featuring a general stand followed by the
addition of a VIP pavilion.
· Completed around 2034 B.S. (Bikram Samvat - the Nepali calendar).
· Initially had a spectator capacity of 30,000, reduced to 20,000 for the recent eight SAF
games to accommodate eight-lane athletic tracks.
· Situated between two peripheral roads, one along the West side and another on the
Southern side.
· Faces challenges due to insufficient parking space during major events.
· Lacks clear segregation of public and non-public traffic approaching the stadium.
· Invited guests and officials enter through the northwest and southwest gates, while
players access the stadium through the east gate.
· Any remaining seats are sold to the public viewers at premium prices.
· Various departments, including administration, training, and sports development,
occupy the space below the general stands.
· Serves as the training center for various sports like Karate, Taekwondo, Wushu,
Boxing, Judo, Kickboxing, Football, Athletics, etc.
9.2.5) 1997 Renovation – 2018 renovation
The stadium underwent renovation between 1997 and 1999 in preparation for the 8th SAF
games. The project was overseen by China Southwest Architectural Design and Research
Institute, with financial support from the Government of China. As part of the renovation, the
original 6-lane mud track was upgraded to an 8-lane synthetic track. This required removing five
sections of the open parapet surrounding the southern, eastern, and northern areas of the field,
resulting in a reduction of the spectator capacity from 30,000 to 20,000.
Notable additions included the installation of an electronic scoreboard and the placement of 100
KW floodlights at each corner of the stadium to facilitate night performances. The entire stadium
received meticulous finishing, with the northern section's brick steps being transformed into
concrete steps. Additionally, a new gate was constructed to serve as the VIP entrance. Adequate
and modern toilet facilities were introduced, and a sports torch was erected in the northern part
of the stadium to enhance its overall appearance and functionality.
Starting from 2017 , addtitonal roof coverings were added above the overall seating area , this
major renovation was completed in 2019. Additional seats were added to the vip section as well
as audience section. Major changes in internal audience flow was made.

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Figure 1: FFinal phases of overall roof covering addition (Source: goalnepal.com , 2019)

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9.2.6) Notable Features
 The VIP pavilion has seating capacity for 3,600 spectators who are generally VIP,WIP,
Officials, and invitees.
 The stadium has come up on 65 ropani land.
 The total area of the sports complex including stadium,swimming pool,lawn tennis, covered
hall, administration block, ministry building, garden and parking spaces is 90 ropani.
 The public enters from north,south and southeast gate where as VIP, VVIP, delegates,
invitees and officials enters from northwest and southwest gate. Players enter from east
gate.
 Different departments like administration, training and sports development department
occupy the space below general stands the space below main pavilion is occupied by VIP
facilities and associations and training centers of different games like Karate,
Taekwando,Wushu,Boxing,Judo,Kick boxing,Football,Athletics etc.

9.2.7) Roof
 Previously only roof covering was provided for VIP pavilion, now roof covering is
provided to the overall stadium.
 Posts and Truss structural system serves as the roof.
 The roof is supported by a series of steel truss system
 The seats behind such an obstacle are empty.
9.2.8) Facilities
 The stadium some latest technical facilities like electronic scoreboards.
 The arena can be floodlit during night games.
 Four lighting towers, each having 100 KW
 The arena has a football field 70m x 100m at the center flanked by an additional 8 lane
synthetic track around the football field
 The player's facilities like changing room, toilets lockers showers, health unit, refreshment
etc are provided at eastern side below the stands
 There are no defined facilities for media and press. Presently, during games they occupy the
space below VIP pavilion
 Arrangement of lift for VVIP etc. other ancillary accommodation comprises museums,
medical facilities.

9.2.9) List of spaces

Block Nos. Area(㎡)

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A. Ground floor

Store 10.7x14.3

B. Ground floor

Sports Nepal Olympic Museum

Nepal Shatokan Karate Association

C. Ground floor

Weight lifting 11.6x14.3

Rooms 2 3.8x14.3

First floor

Offices

D. Ground floor

Rooms 5 3.8x14.3

Nepal Bharatolan Sangh 7.5x14.3

First floor

Public toilet

Gents WC 10 6x4.3

Urinals

Steel washbasin 8

Waiting area 1 3x4.3

Ladies WC 3 6x4.3

Steel washbasin 1

Waiting area 1 3x4.3

E. Ground floor

Clinic 38.7x14.3

Reception+Lobby

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 Doctor's room 3x4.3

Doctor Staff Room 3x4.5

Staff Room 2x6

Dope Testing room 3x4.5

Physic Therapy 2x3

Pathology 3.5x6

Minor operation room 4.5x6

X-ray room 4.5x3

Store room 4.5x3

WC area 2 5.8x3

Observation room 2 7.6x6

Reporting room 4.5x3

Card distribution room 5.8x3

First floor

Offices

F. Ground floor

Residence for staff

First floor

Room 1 9x4

Room 2 12x4

Secretary room 3x2

G. Ground floor

Team rooms 2 12x4

Changing rooms 7.5x4

Toilet /bath 3 4.5x4

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 Shower 2

Bath 3

Urinal 2
Basin
'

Players entrance

First floor

Nepal Germany Athletics Development

Project

H. Ground floor

Room 1 5.6x6.5

Room 2 5.6x4.5

Room 3 11.2x6.5

First floor

Gents WC 10 6x4.3
Source: ( Er. Purna Kaji Maharjan, Engineer at Dasrath Rangasala )
Urinals

Steel washbasin 8

Waiting area 1 3x4.3

Ladies WC 3 6x4.3

Steel washbasin 1

Waiting area 1 3x4.3

1. Ground floor

Residence for staff

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 First floor

Office

Store 10.7x14.3

Source: ( Er. Purna Kaji Maharjan, Engineer at Dasrath Rangasala )

9.2.10) MASTER PLAN

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 9.3) BIRENDRA SPORTS COMPLEX

Objective of study :
 Study for understanding
multipurpose utility
 Understanding response
to urban context
 Analyse design
possibilities

9.3.1) General Information

 Location = Satdobato
Lalitpur
 Type= National
Multipurpose Complex
 Built= 1997 AD (for 8th SAAF Games)
 Area= 138 Ropanis
 Design : China South-West Architecture Design and Research Institute
 Parking : provided at 2 places, nearby swimming pool and adjacent to main complex
entrance
9.3.2) Features
 Swimming Complex
 Shooting Arena
 Tennis court
 ANFA complex

9.3.3) Swimming Pool

 Constructed on the year 1999a.d.for the 8th saf games
 Located at the southwest part and covers an area of 30 ropanis.
 Built on a humped land.as a result the pool level is at the first floor level.
 Front façade with triangular elements uses blue shining glass
9.3.3.1) Access
 Designed with separate access for every group of people that helps in easy flow.
 The entry of V.I.P. guest is through ground floor whereas 4m wide staircase leads the
general spectators to a lobby in first floor and from then another staircase leads to the
parapet.

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 The entry of V.I.P. guest is through ground floor whereas 4m wide staircase leads the
general spectators to a lobby in first floor and from then another staircase leads to the
parapet.
 The entrance through the northern block is used by player.
9.3.3.2) Drawings

Figure 3: Ground floor of swimming pool ( Source: scribd.com)

Figure 4: First floor Plan ( Source: scribd.com)

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Figure 6: Section of Swimming Pool parapet ( Source: scribd.com)

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9.3.4) Spectators area
 Capacity of about 1000 people
 Western part with v.i.p. block
 Length of stand 65m
 Number of steps 13
 Height of riser 0.4m
 Tread width 0.8m
 Length of stand 65m
 Number of steps 13
 Height of riser 0.4m
 Tread width 0.8m
 Access to the stand is through two 4m wide staircase.

Figure 7: Different entrances and spectators area

9.3.5) Pool information

 Two swimming pools.
 Warm- up pool 12.5 x 25sq.m.and uniform depth 1.35m.
 The event pool is of standard size 50 x 25sq.m. and has a uniform depth of 2m.
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  Average number of visitor per day is 275.
 Ratio of male and female visitor was 4:1
 The average number of male visitor per day would be 196 and female would be 49
 Saturday is the peak time and the number of visitor ranges from 400- 500.
 In the morning evening the pool is used for training.
9.3.6) Deck Area and Lighting
 There are 3 sports flood light towers. Two are located at the south east and south west
corners and the third is located at he junction of the two pool

 ten lifeguard are appointed during public shift but only three chairs are provided which is
not sufficient.

 Electronic board

 It has electronic board at the southern part of the pool and its location is such that all the
spectators can easily view the board

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9.4) SHANGHAI ORIENTAL SPORTS CENTER

Objective:
 To study its multipurpose hall and other
facilities
 Accessibility and circulation
 Location strategy
9.4.1) General Information
The Shanghai Aquatic Sports Center, also
known as the Shanghai Aquatics Center, is a
renowned sports facility in China. It was
built for the 14th FINA World Swimming Championships in Shanghai. GMP, the architectural
firm, won the competitive bidding in 2008 and completed the construction in less than two and
a half years. The center boasts modern amenities and a stunning design, attracting thousands
of visitors. It serves as a hub for aquatic sports and has hosted numerous international events.
Its iconic stature reflects excellence in both sports and architecture, making it a symbol of
pride for China.Competition : 2008-1st Prize

 Project leader : Chen Ying

 Structural engineers : Schlaich Bergermann und partner, Sven Plieninger
 Architects: Meinhard von Gerkan and Nikolaus Goetze with Magdalene Weiss
(German architecture firm GMP)
 Landscape architects : WES & Partner
 Client: Shanghai Administration of Sports
 Capacity, hall stadium : 18,000 seats
 Natatorium : 5,000 seats
 Outdoor swimming pool : 5,000 seats
 Construction: December 30, 2008 and was completed in late 2010.
 opening:14th FINA World Swimming Championships from 16th to 31st July 2011
 Built-up area :163,800 m2

9.4.2) Site

MEDIA CENTER

OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOL

HALL OF STADIUM
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 RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT

RIVER FRONT

Nestled in a picturesque riverside area adjacent to the HUANGPU River, the multi-purpose
complex boasts a truly enviable location. Surrounded by the tranquil waters and lush landscapes,
it has naturally become a favorite destination for people seeking leisure and relaxation in the
midst of the bustling residential and commercial neighborhoods. The proximity to the riverfront
adds an enchanting charm to the complex, creating a serene ambiance that complements its
vibrant facilities.

Adding to its allure, the sports complex finds itself in close proximity to the Shanggangxincun
Residential District, making it easily accessible to a densely populated residential zone. This
strategic location has turned the complex into a vibrant social hub, a melting pot of activity and
community interactions. Families, friends, and neighbors flock to the establishment, drawn by

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the array of sports and recreational offerings available, forging new connections and fostering a
sense of unity among residents.
The complex's status as a haven for social interaction is further amplified by the diverse range of
activities it accommodates. Whether it's sports enthusiasts engaging in friendly competitions,
families enjoying picnics by the riverside, or individuals seeking solace amidst nature, the multi-
purpose complex caters to the varying preferences and interests of its visitors.
As the sun sets over the shimmering waters of the HUANGPU River, the multi-purpose complex
transforms into a mesmerizing spectacle of life and energy. Laughter, cheers, and the joyous
spirit of togetherness fill the air, as people from all walks of life come together to create
cherished memories in this vibrant space. The seamless blend of recreational amenities, serene
surroundings, and a thriving residential community makes the sports complex an irresistible
destination for all, elevating it to the heart and soul of the city's social fabric.

9.4.3) ACCESIBILITY AND ROAD NETWORK

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9.4.4) HALL STADIUM

Figure 9: HALL STADIUM (SOSC)

(source: https://www.archdaily.com/151303/shanghai-oriental-sports-center-gmp-architekten)

The Shanghai Oriental Sports Center Hall Stadium, also known as the Shanghai Oriental Sports
Center Gymnasium, is a remarkable venue with impressive features. It has a substantial capacity,
making it perfect for hosting major sports and entertainment events. The modern architectural
design adds both aesthetics and functionality to the stadium, offering a visually appealing space. Its
versatility allows for a wide range of events, including sports competitions, concerts, exhibitions,
and more. Inside, world-class facilities cater to the needs of athletes, performers, and visitors,
ensuring a high-quality experience. Advanced acoustic technology enhances the audio experience
during concerts and performances. Located in an easily accessible area with well-connected
transportation options, the stadium provides convenience to attendees. Its interior and exterior
aesthetics create a vibrant and welcoming ambiance. Equipped with top-notch lighting systems, the
stadium can create captivating atmospheres for various events. Efforts may have been made to
incorporate eco-friendly and sustainable elements in the stadium's construction and operation. As a
significant landmark, the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center Hall Stadium contributes to the city's
reputation and attracts tourists and enthusiasts from around the world.
The hall is used for events of boxing, basketball, badminton, ice hocky, concerts, exhibitions etc.

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Figure 10: PLAN of HALL STADIUM

Figure 11: SECTION of HALL STADIUM

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STRUCTURE
 The roof and main structure are made of RCC, while the horizontal support is made of
steel.
 The roof is a steel structure with a 170 m span and aluminum cladding • Aluminum
cladding is used to cover the triangle-shaped columns on both sides.
 Both side triangle shape column cladding aluminium.
LIGHTING
 Lighting is adjusted through between arch block
 Shadow on the water create very nice light reflecting view

LIGHT LIGHT

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9.4.5) NATATORIUM

It has four pools that are arranged in a row,

thus. The facility has a dive pool and a leisure
pool, both of standard size. 3,500 fixed seats
are available, however 5,000 will be added
during the world championships.Building's
ground plan is enclosed and has a rectangular
shape.

Figure 12: PLAN OF NATATORIUM

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STRUCTURE
Sectional steel girders are used in the roof structure's main vertical and horizontal components,
which are both made of RCC. The triangular glass-surfaced roof structure measures around 210
m long, 120 m broad, and 22 m high.

LIGHTING
The incorporation of narrow toplights along the beams ingeniously prevents direct, intrusive
sunlight from penetrating the interior while still allowing ample natural daylight to illuminate the
space. This thoughtful architectural design strikes the perfect balance between controlling the
intensity of sunlight and promoting a well-lit and inviting environment. The toplights act as
effective light filters, diffusing sunlight and reducing harsh glares, thus creating a comfortable
ambiance for occupants. By harnessing natural daylight, the need for excessive artificial lighting
is minimized, leading to energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. This smart approach
not only enhances the building's aesthetic appeal but also fosters a healthy and pleasant
atmosphere within the space. It showcases the architects' keen understanding of how to optimize
both practicality and aesthetics, resulting in a harmonious integration of light and shadows that
elevates the overall architectural experience.

Figure 13: Interior of Natatorium

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9.4.6) OUTDOOR SPORTS CENTER
It is an outdoor pavilion that is situated on a man-made island with surrounding water.It has a 90-
m diameter and a capacity. The building structure carries its roof trusses. Sun and rain protection
is provided between the modules by a (double triangular) and lightweight membrane.

9.4.7) INFERENCES

 Road accessibility and connection to each individual building or part of the complex. So
that the establishment does not get crowded traffic in days of major events
 Direct, intrusive sunlight is forestalled by means of narrow toplights along the beams,
without preventing natural daylighting
 Combination RCC & steeI girder structure. The parallel steel girders create 35 m-Height
of hall
 Capacity: 14,000,which can be increased to 18,000 by the use of mobile seating.
 Roof :steel structure with a 170 m span with aluminum cladding.
 Bothside-triangle shape column cladding aluminium
 Façade: glass façades of the encircling open foyer
 The multifunctional complex's thoughtful placement next to a busy residential area and a
riverfront is a crucial element in the complex's effectiveness as a venue for social events.
 Road accessibility and connection to each individual building or part of the complex. So
that the establishment does not get crowded traffic in days of major events

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