Pressure and Liquid Pressure

Physics
IGCSE
Pressure and liquid pressure - 1
1. (a) A water tank has a rectangular base of dimensions 1.5 m by 1.2 m and
contains 1440 kg of water. Calculate
(i) the weight of the water,
weight = ............................................... [1]

(ii) the pressure exerted by the water on the base of the tank.
pressure = ............................................... [2]

(b) Figure below shows two water tanks P and Q of different shape. Both tanks are
circular when viewed from above. The tanks each contain the same volume of water.
The depth of water in both tanks is 1.4 m.
(i) The density of water is 1000 kg / m 3. The pressures exerted by the water on the base
of the two tanks are equal.
Calculate this pressure.
pressure = ............................................... [2]
(ii) Equal small volumes of water are removed from each tank. State which tank, P or Q,
now has the greater water pressure on its base. Explain your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
2. Figure shows a side view of a large tank in a marine visitor attraction.
The tank is 51 m long and 20 m wide. The sea-water in the tank is 11 m deep and has a
density of 1030 kg / m3.
(a) Calculate the mass of water in the tank.
mass = ................................................. [3]

(b) The pressure at point M, halfway down the large viewing panel, is 60 kPa more than
atmospheric pressure. Calculate the depth of M below the surface of the water.
depth = ................................................. [2]
(c) The viewing panel is 32.8 m wide and 8.3 m high. Calculate the outward force of the
water on the panel. Assume that the pressure at M is the average pressure on the whole
panel.
force = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
3. Figure shows a steam safety valve. When the pressure gets too high, the steam
lifts the weight W and allows steam to escape.
(a) Explain, in terms of moments of forces, how the valve works.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The moment of weight W about the pivot is 12 N m. The perpendicular distance of
the line of action of the force of the steam on the valve from the pivot is 0.2 m. The area
of the piston is 0.0003 m2. Calculate
(i) the minimum steam force needed for the steam to escape,
force = ................................................ [2]
(ii) the minimum steam pressure for the steam to escape.
pressure = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]
4. Fig. 2.1 shows a reservoir that stores water.

(a) The valve in the exit pipe is closed. The density of water is 1000 kg/m 3 and the
acceleration of free fall is 10 m/s2. Calculate the pressure of the water acting on the
closed valve in the exit pipe.
pressure = ……………………...[2]
(b) The cross-sectional area of the pipe is 0.5 m2. Calculate the force exerted by the
water on the closed valve.
force = ……………………...[2]
(c) The valve is then opened and water, originally at the surface of the reservoir, finally
flows out of the exit pipe. State the energy transformation of this water between the
surface of the reservoir and the open end of the pipe.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[ Total : 6]
5. Figure shows a house brick of dimensions 21.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 7.00 cm.
The brick is held under water with its largest surfaces horizontal. The density of water is
1000 kg/m3 .
(a) Calculate the difference in pressure between the top and the bottom surfaces of the
brick.
pressure difference = .......................................................... [2]
(b) Use your value from (a) to calculate the upward force exerted on the brick by the
water.
upward force = .......................................................... [2]

(c) The mass of the brick is 3.09 kg. Calculate the acceleration of the brick when it is
released.
acceleration = .......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

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Physics

weight = ............................................... [1]

pressure = ............................................... [2]

2. Figure shows a side view of a large tank in a marine visitor attraction.

mass = ................................................. [3]

force = ................................................. [2]

(a) Explain, in terms of moments of forces, how the valve works.

force = ................................................ [2]

(ii) the minimum steam pressure for the steam to escape.

pressure = ................................................ [2]

4. Fig. 2.1 shows a reservoir that stores water.

5. Figure shows a house brick of dimensions 21.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 7.00 cm.

pressure difference = .......................................................... [2]

upward force = .......................................................... [2]

acceleration = .......................................................... [3]

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