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مصطلحات ترجمة قانونية
مصطلحات ترجمة قانونية
2. Legal Language
6. Legal Translation
12. References
History of Legal Discourse in English
• With the rise of Islam, the Holy Qur’an set the laws for
Muslims.
• The Prophet Peace be Upon Him and some of the
Caliphates that followed him signed treaties with
different people.
Legal Language
• Performative models that express implicit speech acts (e.g., “may” for
permission, “may not” for prohibition, “shall” for obligation, and “shall
not” for prohibition).
ØLegal Translation
Commitment to legal
Legal Competence translation ethics
Translating Legal Terms
• Shall
• May
• Here/there +
preposition
• Anaphoric devices
• Proviso Clause
Shall
1. It is used to express obligation and NOT to express the future.
2. In a legal text, the verbal structure that begins with "shall" is translated
account that the act of composition that begins with "shall" to indicate an
.• ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ أن ﯾﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺴﻂ ﺗﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻋﺪه اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻖ
May
The use of the auxiliary verb “may” indicates permissibility, and
therefore it is translated as “ ”ﯾﺠﻮزand “may not” is translated as “ ﻻ
”ﯾﺠﻮز. In some cases of "may”, the intended meaning of the context
could be possibility and not permissibility, and in these cases “may”
is translated with evidence, such as ﻗﺪ أو ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ. For example:
o The Landlord may enter the property without the Tenant’s consent
in case of emergency.
.ي
ٔ ﯾﺠﻮز ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ أن ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرﺑﺪون ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺎٔﺟﺮﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﻮار
o The Contractor may not assign the contract to a third party without the
prior written consent of the Employer.
.ﻻ ﯾﺠﻮز أن ﯾﺘﻨﺎزل اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻄﺮف ﺛﺎﻟﺚ دون ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ
Here/There + Preposition
• The Agent shall have the right to open bank accounts and
withdraw and deposit therein.
.• ﯾﺣق ﻟﻠوﻛﯾل ﻓﺗﺢ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺑﻧﻛﯾﺔ واﻟﺳﺣب ﻣن ﺗﻠك اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت واﻹﯾداع ﻓﯾﮭﺎ
Anaphoric Devices
• Anaphora or backward reference, is the use of a linguistic unit, such as a
pronoun, to refer back to another unit (e.g. he, they, the preceding, the
former). In other words, they are pronouns and demonstratives.
• Some strategies are followed to avoid using anaphoric devices because
using them may cause ambiguity. Some of these strategies are:
1. Repetition.
2. Using “which” + repeating the word.
3. Replacing the anaphoric device with such, said, or the same.
4. Using gender-free “it” instead of using a feminine or masculine
pronoun.
ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ أي ﻧﺰاع ﯾﻨﺸﺎٔ ﺑﯿﻦ أراﻣﻜﻮ واﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﯿﻢ ﺑﺈدارة
.اﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﻓﻲ أراﻣﻜﻮ
3. Replacing the anaphoric device with such, said, or
the same
1. Using “such/said" to replace demonstratives"
• If the Contractor incurs any further costs, then the Employer shall
take such costs into consideration.
ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣب اﻟﻌﻣل أن ﯾﺎ ٔﺧد ھذه اﻟﺗﻛﺎﻟﯾف ﻓﻲ،• ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺣﻣل اﻟﻣﻘﺎول أي ﺗﻛﺎﻟﯾف ٕاﺿﺎﻓﯾﺔ
.اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر
،ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ أن ﯾﺪﻓﻊ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺟﺒﺎﯾﺘﮭﺎ وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮھﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر •
.وﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﯿﺪة
3. Using gender-free “it” instead of using a feminine
or masculine pronoun.
.• ﯾﻠﺘﺰم اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮض ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﻌﮭﺪاﺗﮫ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺮض واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺸﺎٔ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ
The Proviso Clause
Ø ﺑﺸﺮط أن
Ø ﺷ ﺮ ﯾﻄ ﺔ أ ن
Ø ﻋﻠ ﻰ أ ن
The Landlord shall have the right, subject to the Tenant’s consent, to enter
the dwelling to inspect the premises provided that the Landlord may enter
the dwelling without the Tenant’s consent in case of emergency.
ﯾﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺸﺮط ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺎٔﺟﺮاﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر ﺷﺮﯾﻄﺔ اﻧﮫ ﯾﺠﻮز ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ
.ئ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻜﻦ دون ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺎٔﺟﺮﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﻮار
ØTranslate the following into Arabic: