Pre-Spanish in Luzon 21

LUZON
APAYAO
balai, house
The traditional type of house in Apayao with an elevated rectangular one-room structure and is protected by a high-
pitch thatch roof that resembles a pointed barrel vault. Interesting features of this house include the removable wall
panel which can be opened during the hot season and returned as a wall during) cold days, and the removable and
washable floor mats placed above a closely-spaced wood floor that allow natural ventilation through its floor.
STRUCTURAL
Fifteen posts of heavy hardwood are used as supports. Posts are distributed in the following manner:
Sinit Posts - Six of these support the Datag and two support the Tarakip.
Adixi Posts - six of these support the roof.
Atorbrobo - a single post supporting the ridgepole.

PARTS
1. Irat – a horizontal roof member made from wooden branches, tied under the rafter to prevent them from moving.
2. Sokar – a three-layer wooden branch, placed below the binding rafter which serves to tie and unite the two opposing
bent rafters.
3. Talabawan – a horizontal member at the apex of the roof, made from wood branches and used to support the roof of
the house.
4. Patuna /Pantud –hand-hewn lumber, vertically fitted on its end with mortise joints to tie and collar beams, used to
provide additional support to the heavy roof.
5. Tadawag / Baday – a thin pliable board, hand hewn into bent form, tied to the ridge beam at the apex of the roof and
the roof beam above the wall to support the thick cogon grass roof.
6. Agnadan – a horizontal wooden member placed above floor beams and grooved to hold the enclosing wallboards.
7. Ampakan – a rectangular beam connecting the outer columns that support the roof’s structural framework.
8. Datag / Xassaran – a flooring made from closely knit bamboo strips or dried reed mat that can be removed and
washed along rivers.
9. Sinit – a square hand-hewn timber post supporting the elevated floor space.
10. Adixi – a square timber post, approximately twice the length Perspective view of sinIT which supports the heavy
roofing.
Bahay Kubo, a cube-shaped house
A common type of dwelling in lowland and coastal areas during the pre-Hispanic Philippines. "Bahay" is a Tagalog word
for house while "kubo" is from the Spanish "cubo'~ meaning cube.
BONTOC HOUSE
afung, house
The traditional type of house in Bontoc, Mountain Province comprised of perimeter wooden walls enclosed in an open
living space and central granaries. It is covered by a steep, thick roof that is almost covering the perimeter wall.
• Afung is the Bontoc house for married couples and children up to eight years old.
• Afung is one of the houses in the Cordillera that is built directly on the ground and its ground space serves as the
main living and working areas.
IFUGAO HOUSE
bale/fale, house
The traditional Ifugao house is an elevated square and windowless one-room structure dominated by a high, heavy,
pyramidal roof.
• The framework of the balelfale is done using hand-hewn timber, mortised without nails or hardware. It can be
disassembled, moved, and raised again on a new site within a day.
IFUGAO HOUSE
Jinjin, thatch house
A type of house with a timberframed structure that uses reeds and cogon materials for its walls and roof.
Other types of lvatan Thatch House: Kamadid, rahaung

KALINGA HOUSE
foruy, house
The traditional house of the Kalingas. It is comprised of an elevated, rectangular, one-room house of timber materials,
and thick roofing made from 8-10 layers of cut bamboo laid one above the other.
• An interesting feature of the house is the removable wall panel for ventilation and the elevated floor along the
perimeter of the wall that can be used both for seating and sleeping purposes.
KANKANAY AND IBALOI HOUSE
baey/babayan, house
An elevated, square, one-room house of the Kankanay and lbaloi, with four thick posts supporting a timber upper floor
and steep hip type roof of cogon grass. The lower end of the roof flared out similar to the roof of the Bontocs and
Kalingas houses.
SAGADA HOUSE
tinokbob, house
One of the earliest houses in Sagada, windowless with a thick and steep roof intended to withstand the cold weather
conditions.
• Tinokbob is one of the houses in the Cordillera that is built directly on the ground. Similar types of houses are
the Bontoc and Nabaloi houses. The ground space is used for eating, sleeping, cooking, and working and the
elevated central structure is used as a granary only.
MINDANAO
BADJAO HOUSE
The traditional house of the Badjao communities in Southern Philippines is comprised of a windowless one-room house
of light materials and a thatch roof built above coastal waters. The Badjao or Bajao is the second largest ethnic
community in the Sulu Archipelago after Tausug. Originally, they were known as "orang selat" or "orang laut" and were
living on their lepa-lepa (boats).
balangay, boathouse
An impressive boat, approximately 25 meters in length and carbon-dated to 320 AD, that was built entirely of wood and
used for seafaring by ;) the ancient Kingdom of Butuan.
Samal House
Traditional Samal houses are elevated rectangular one-room structures near the coastal waters of Southern Mindanao,
Palawan, Zamboanga, and Sulu archipelago. These houses are directly built on shallow water and connected to the shore
by a pantan (bridge) or directly built on solid ground.
TAUSUG HOUSE
bay sinug, house
The traditional house of the Tausug in the Southern Philippines. It is comprised of two or more houses on stilts that are
connected by an elevated open space serving as house extensions.
• The word Tausug is said to come-from-the words "tau" (meaning people) and "sug" (meaning tide), hence they
are the "people of the tide." The two distinct communities of the Tausug is the "tau gimba" (inland people) and
the "tau higad" (people along the shore).
YAKAN HOUSEv
lumah, house 6
The traditional house of the Yakans in the mountainous interior of Basilan Island. It is an elevated, rectangular, one- room
structure with few small windows and protected by a high-pitch thatch roof.
• The houses are traditionally built scattered among the fields or clustered around the langgal (mosque).

Pre-Spanish in Luzon 21

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LUZON

Adixi Posts - six of these support the roof.

Atorbrobo - a single post supporting the ridgepole.

Bahay Kubo, a cube-shaped house

Jinjin, thatch house

Other types of lvatan Thatch House: Kamadid, rahaung

bay sinug, house

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