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Atoms & Molecules Solutions
Atoms & Molecules Solutions
Exercise-3.1 Page: 32
1. In a reaction, 5.3g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of acetic acid. The products were 2.2
g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g of water and 8.2 g of sodium acetate. Show that these observations are
in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
Solution:
As per the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants must be equal to the total mass of
products.
As per the above reaction, L.H.S. = R.H.S. i.e., 5.3g + 6g = 2.2g + 0.9 g + 8.2 g = 11.3 g
Hence, the observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
2. Hydrogen and oxygen combine in a ratio of 1:8 by mass to form water. What mass of oxygen
gas would be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas?
Solution:
Hence, 24g of oxygen would be required for the complete reaction with 3g of hydrogen gas.
3. Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation of mass?
Solution:
The relative number and types of atoms are constant in a given composition, says Dalton’s atomic
theory, which is based on the rule of conservation of mass.
4. Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory can explain the law of definite proportions?
Solution:
The postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory that can explain the law of definite proportions is that the
relative number and kinds of atoms are equal in given compounds.
Exercise-3.2 Page: 35
1. Define the atomic mass unit.
Solution:
An atomic mass unit is a unit of mass used to express the weights of atoms and molecules where one
Solution:
Firstly, atoms are minuscule in nature, measured in nanometers. Secondly, except for atoms of noble
gases, they do not exist independently. Hence, an atom cannot be visible to the naked eyes.
Exercise-3.3-3.4 Page: 39
1. Write down the formulae of
Solution:
(i) Al2(SO4)3
(ii) CaCl2
(iii) K2SO4
(iv) KNO3
(v) CaCO3.
Solution:
Listed below are the names of the compounds for each of the following formulae:
Solution:
Chemical formulas are used to describe the different types of atoms and their numbers in a compound
or element. Each element’s atoms are symbolised by one or two letters. A collection of chemical
symbols that depicts the elements that make up a compound and their quantities.
Solution:
(i) H2S molecule has 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of sulphur hence 3 atoms in total.
(ii) PO43- ion has 1 atom of phosphorus and 4 atoms of oxygen hence 5 atoms in total.
Exercise-3.5.1-3.5.2 Page: 40
1. Calculate the molecular masses of H2 , O2 , Cl2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, NH3, CH3OH.
Solution:
The molecular mass of CO2 – atomic mass of C + 2 x atomic mass of O = 12 + ( 2×16)u = 44u
The molecular mass of CH4 – atomic mass of C + 4 x atomic mass of H = 12 + ( 4 x 1)u = 16u
(6 x 1)u=24+6=30u
The molecular mass of C2H4– 2 x atomic mass of C + 4 x atomic mass of H = (2x 12) +
(4 x 1)u=24+4=28u
The molecular mass of NH3– atomic mass of N + 3 x atomic mass of H = (14 +3 x 1)u= 17u
The molecular mass of CH3OH – atomic mass of C + 3x atomic mass of H + atomic mass of O + atomic
mass of H = (12 + 3×1+16+1)u=(12+3+17)u = 32u
2. Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, Na2O, K2CO3, given atomic masses of Zn = 65u,
Solution:
Given:
The formula unit mass of ZnO= Atomic mass of Zn + Atomic mass of O = 65u + 16u = 81u
The formula unit mass of Na2O = 2 x Atomic mass of Na + Atomic mass of O = (2 x 23)u + 16u = 46u +
16u = 62u
The formula unit mass of K2CO3 = 2 x Atomic mass of K + Atomic mass of C + 3 x Atomic mass of O =
(2 x 39)u + 12u + (3 x 16)u = 78u + 12u + 48u = 138u
Exercise-3.5.3 Page: 42
1. If one mole of carbon atoms weighs 12grams, what is the mass (in grams) of 1 atom of
carbon?
Solution:
2. Which has more number of atoms, 100 grams of sodium or 100 grams of iron (given the
atomic mass of Na = 23u, Fe = 56 u)?
Solution:
Exercise Page: 43
1. A 0.24g sample of a compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.096g
of boron and 0.144g of oxygen. Calculate the percentage composition of the compound by
weight.
Solution:
Given: Mass of the sample compound = 0.24g, mass of boron = 0.096g, mass of oxygen = 0.144g
= 100 – 40 = 60%
2. When 3.0g of carbon is burnt in 8.00 g of oxygen, 11.00 g of carbon dioxide is produced. What
mass of carbon dioxide will be formed when 3.00g of carbon is burnt in 50.00 g of
oxygen? Which law of chemical combination will govern your answer?
Solution:
When 3.0 g of carbon is burnt in 8.00 g of oxygen, 11.00 g of carbon dioxide is produced.
Given that
3.0 g of carbon combines with 8.0 g of oxygen to give 11.0 of carbon dioxide.
Find out
We need to find out the mass of carbon dioxide that will be formed when 3.00 g of carbon is burnt in
50.00 g of oxygen.
Solution
C + O2 → CO2
As per the given condition, when 3.0 g of carbon is burnt in 8.00 g of oxygen, 11.00 g of carbon dioxide
is produced.
=3g+8g
=11g
Then, it also depicts that carbon dioxide contains carbon and oxygen in a fixed ratio by mass, which is
3:8.
Solution:
Polyatomic ions are ions that contain more than one atom, but they behave as a single unit.
Solution:
Solution:
The following are the names of the elements present in the following compounds:
(a) Quick lime – Calcium and oxygen (CaO)
Solution:
(d) Molar mass of Hydrochloric acid, HCl = Mass of H+ Mass of Cl = 1+35.5 = 36.5g
(e) Molar mass of Nitric acid, HNO3 =Mass of H+ Mass of Nitrogen + 3 x Mass of O = 1 + 14+
3×16 = 63g
Solution:
(c) Mass of 1 mole of sodium sulphite Na2SO3 = Molecular mass of sodium sulphite = 2 x Mass of Na +
Mass of S + 3 x Mass of O = (2 x 23) + 32 +(3x 16) = 46+32+48 = 126g
Solution:
Number of moles = Mass given / molar mass of oxygen gas = 12/32 = 0.375 moles
Number of moles = Mass given/ molar mass of carbon dioxide = 22/44 = 0.5 moles
Solution:
10. Calculate the number of molecules of sulphur (S8) present in 16g of solid sulphur.
Solution:
11. Calculate the number of aluminium ions present in 0.051g of aluminium oxide.
(Hint: The mass of an ion is the same as that of an atom of the same element. Atomic mass of Al
= 27u)
Solution:
One molecule of aluminium oxide has 2 aluminium ions; hence, the number of aluminium ions present
in 0.051g of aluminium oxide = 2 x 3.011x 1020 molecules of aluminium oxide.
= 6.022 x 1020