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BIO 2A - Group 5 - Lab Exp 5-Compressed
BIO 2A - Group 5 - Lab Exp 5-Compressed
Experiment # 5
Objectives:
Principles Involved:
Materials:
Burette, Erlenmeyer flask (250 ml), Funnel, Volumetric flask, Stirring rod, Wash bottle,
Burette holder, Pipette, Aspirator
Chemicals:
Data:
Initial reading 0 0 0
of HCl (mL)
Ratio
Vol HCl (mL) 23 22.5 22.5 Variation:
Vol NaOH 23 23 23
(mL) =1 = 0.9783 = 0.9783
1.3
Vol NaOH 23 mL 23 mL 23 mL
Vol HCl 23 mL 22.5 22.5
=1 = 1.0222 = 1.0222
Normality of 0.1 N 0.1 N 0.1 N Average NHCl:
HCl solution
0.1 N
Initial Reading 0 mL 0 mL 0 mL
of HCl
Final Reading 32.8 mL 33.2 mL 33 mL
of HCl
7.56 %
Calculations:
N1V1=N2V2
Trial 1:
N2 = 0.1 N
Trial 2:
N2 = 0.09783 or 0.1 N
Trial 3
N2 = 0.09783 or 0.1 N
Trial 1:
Given:
Solution:
MW Na = 22.99 g/mol
= 0.00328 mol
= 0.00328 mol / 2
= 0.00164 mol
= 0.1738 g
= 17. 31 %
= 2 x 0.00164 mol
= 0.00328 mol
= 0.0754 g
= 7.51 %
Trial 2:
Given:
Solution:
MW Na = 22.99 g/mol
Moles of HCl = molarity of acid (mol/L) x volume of acid used (L)
= 0.00332 mol
= 0.00332 mol / 2
= 0.00166 mol
= 0.1759 g
= 17. 51 %
= 2 x 0.00166 mol
= 0.00332 mol
= 0.0763 g
= 7.6 %
Trial 3:
Given:
Solution:
= 0.0033 mol
= 0.0033 mol / 2
= 0.00165 mol
= 0.1749 g
= 17. 42 %
= 2 x 0.00165 mol
= 0.0033 mol
= 0.0759 g
= 7.56 %
To isolate a specific component of the soda ash sample, gravimetric analysis was
employed. The precipitate formed during the reaction was weighed to determine its
amount. This method relies on the idea that accurate quantification requires the
separation and isolation of the component of interest. Thermal analysis and
spectroscopy were noted as additional techniques that may have been used. These
techniques likely involve studying how light interacts with the sample and examining its
thermal properties, respectively.
Conclusion:
According to the data above, the standardization of HCl using NaOH acquired an
endpoint that ranges from 22.5 mL to 23 mL. It is evident that compared to the
standardization of HCl using NaOH, the soda ash uses up HCl that ranges from 32.5
mL to 33 mL before it reaches its endpoint which is a half higher than the
standardization. Subsequently, the average normality of HCl is 0.1 N as all three trials
conceived a 0.1 N. Furthermore, the total alkalinity of soda ash is perceived to be an
average of 17.38% in sodium carbonate (NaCO3) and 7.56 % average in sodium (Na).
With that, it can be seen that sodium carbonate has a higher percentage compared to
sodium which means that sodium is less alkaline over sodium carbonate. Moreover,
with these two components present, it contributes to the alkalinity of the soda ash.
GUIDED QUESTIONS:
Titrating hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is often preferred
over the reverse titration for several reasons. Firstly, it enhances safety as NaOH
is generally less hazardous to handle than HCl. Secondly, when titrating HCl with
NaOH, the pH starts low and gradually increases, making it easier to detect the
endpoint using pH indicators or meters. Thirdly, the stoichiometry of the reaction
between HCl and NaOH is well-defined, they react in a 1:1 ratio, simplifying
calculations and allowing for precise determination of the analyte's concentration.
Lastly, standardized solutions of NaOH are readily available, making it
convenient to prepare a known concentration of the titrant. It is easier to obtain
accurate and precise results when working with a standardized solution of known
concentration.
2. Suggest a way to determine the alkalinity due to NaOH present in soda ash.
One way to determine the alkalinity due to NaOH present in soda ash is the
acid-base titration method. To do this, first prepare a known concentration of acid
solution, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). Dissolve a sample of soda ash in water,
and add a suitable indicator, such as phenolphthalein, to the solution. Slowly add
the acid solution to the soda ash solution while stirring, until the indicator
changes color permanently. Record the volume of acid solution used during the
titration. Based on the volume and concentration of the acid solution, calculate
the alkalinity due to NaOH in the soda ash sample.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
1. A mixture weighing 0.8000 g consists of equal parts by weight of Na2CO3 and K2CO3.
It is dissolved in H2O and 17.00 mL of 1.070 N acid were added. Is the solution acid or
alkaline? What volume of 1.070 N acid or alkaline is added to make the solution
neutral?
2. Calculate the alkaline strength of a sample of impure K2CO3 in terms of percent K2O
from the following data: weight of sample: 1.000g; HCl used = 55.90 mL; NaOH used
= 0.42 mL; 1.00 mL NaOH≈0.008473 g KHC2O4H2C2O4: 1.00 mL HCl ≈2.500 mL
NaOH.
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