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Lack of Vocabulary Final Research
Lack of Vocabulary Final Research
INTRODUCTION
have a rich vocabulary that continually grows through language and literacy
useful for developing knowledge and skills in multiple aspects of language and literacy.
use words appropriately during the language act of reading. Such knowledge influences
the complexities and nuances of children’s thinking, how they communicate in the oral
and written languages, and how well they will understand printed texts. It is crucial that
children have explicit and robust instruction in vocabulary, to support their verbal and
complex texts.
Reading is one of the basic learning competencies that a child must acquire. It is
one of the fundamentals that will pave the way to achieving general knowledge and
understanding about certainties and experiences. It will be the building blocks of every
child’s future to strengthen skills by developing fluency and the love for reading.
knowledge of a word not only implies a definition, but also implies how that word fits into
the world.” We continue to develop vocabulary throughout our lives. Words are
powerful. Words open up possibilities, and of course, that’s what we want for all of our
As Claessen et al. (2020) coined, reading difficulties are present in the world.
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Results from PISA 2018
revealed that reading is among the areas that fifteen-year-old students in the Philippines
scored lower than those in majority of the countries and economies that participated in
PISA 2018. The country's average reading score was 340 score points, on a par with
that of the Dominican Republic no country scored lower than the Philippines and the
353 and 357 points, respectively, on a par with performance in Panama. The Philippines
The researcher noticed that pupils in the local setting struggle with
comprehension, which is crucial for learning. For instance, when it comes to assessing
and resolving accounting-related issues that are constantly spoken or written in English.
As a result, pupils' struggles with reading comprehension may have an impact on their
academic achievement.
reading skills based on their perceived obstacles, such as their lack of vocabulary in
reading and learning. Hence, in order to inform school objectives and agendas for the
improvement of reading programs, this study was carried out to evaluate students'
This research will assess the lack of vocabulary and its effect to the reading
5. What are the possible interventions or recommendations that can be used to help
improve the issue on the students’ reading difficulties due to the lack in their
vocabulary?
Conceptual Framework
Age
Sex
Hobbies
Recommendations or
interventions can be made
based on the causes and the
level of vocabulary and
reading of the students.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study focuses on the 2nd year college level taking up Bachelor of Secondary
comprehension and their lack in vocabulary when reading texts. This will mainly
The primary subject of this research study will be the 2 nd year college level taking
2022-2023. The scope of the study will be limited to fourthy (40) 2 nd year college level
taking up Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English. Hence, this study does not
This study will be undertaken to find out the effect of lack of vocabulary to the
reading comprehension status of the 2nd year college level taking up Bachelor of
Secondary Education Major in English. Moreover, the results of the study will be
Students. The result of this study will benefit the 2 nd year college level taking up
Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English who suffer from difficulties in reading
comprehension.
Teachers. The teacher can strategize and be competent to handle and inspire
school especially when it comes to creating programs that are related in enhancing the
Parents. Parents are eligible for benefits because they are the ones who give
financial, emotional, and physical support that could affect the students’ pressure
conducting research.
Chapter II
This chapter present the local literature, foreign literature, local studies, and
foreign studies.
Local Literature
underestimate his/her vocabulary knowledge, thinking that she/he knows the meaning
of words in the text. Also, to repair the lack of knowledge of a word in the text and to
basic qualitative study aimed to identify and compare the presumed vocabulary
knowledge and actual vocabulary knowledge and the VLS of grade 12 students of
Foreign Literature
Local Studies
comprehension skills and performance in science among high school students in the
Philippines". The research work was carried out among randomly selected 666 first year
student-respondents from 18 identified public and private high schools in the Division of
noting details, making inference, predicting outcomes, and drawing conclusion, and
students’ performance in science from the two school types were described and
the reading comprehension and science learning areas was utilized as the research
instrument. The test was developed based on the prescribed Table of Specifications
(TOS) and aligned with learning competencies formulated under the Restructured Basic
results showed that the overall students’ performance in reading comprehension and
science was indexed at low mastery level. Generally, four out of six reading skills such
inference made up the overall reading skills that positively correlated with science
Foreign Studies
find out the impact of the repeated reading strategy on improving reading
students in Jordan. The study was applied to 60 students of the sixth-grade students in
using the repeated strategy. To measure the effect this story on improving reading
comprehension and development vocabulary the researcher used two tools: they are
vocabulary test, which also is an essay test consisting of 10 questions. After conducting
the study and conducting the appropriate statistical analyses, the results of the study
revealed that there is a statistically significant difference at the (α= 0.05) between the
two means for the performance of the participants in reading comprehension and
vocabulary. This result is ascribed to the teaching strategy and to the group members
who received teaching the story by adopting the repeated reading strategy.
According to Harshini (2021) not all the books are meant for academic and
research purpose. It also shows that there are some people who read for joy alone.
Reading skills is the way to develop individual's reading routine. Some ardent readers
make it a routine for bringing of joy in them. It is also one's own duty to make reading as
a hobby. We find that there is some inventive way to make it as a hobby in individual's
personal life. Usage of some remedy and technique can fetch a path to make it as a
regular routine.
This chapter highlights the similarities and contrast between the compiled
literature and research studies and the current investigation. It also describes how these
for understanding material and developing macro-skills, and this study aimed to
and this is according to AI-AI Darayseh (2014). For the review of the related studies,
(Ombra A. and Maripaz Abas Mastura et al. 2014), their study results showed that the
low mastery level. Generally, four out of six reading skills, such as understanding
made up the overall reading skills that positively correlated with the science
weak. Finally, based on (Rula Mohammad Mahmoud Hmeidan 2021), the study's
findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two
averages for the participants' reading comprehension and vocabulary ability. This
outcome is attributed to the instructional strategy and the group members who learned
The present study touches on The Lack of vocabulary and its Effect to the
Education Major in English and that make the study unique in terms of aims and scope.
The researcher will present the chapter 3 covering the methods and procedures.
Chapter III
This chapter present the Research design, Subjects of the Study, Sampling
Methods of Research
utilized the descriptive survey and correlation procedure. Gay (1976) defines descriptive
research as involving the current status of the subject of the study. This method is
This study used the Cloze Test and Assessment to check and evaluate the
student’s vocabulary and reading comprehension levels. According to Melody Ann Ross
passage or sentence and then asking the reader/learner to supply the missing
The respondents of this study were composed of 2 nd year college level taking up
Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English for the school year 2022-2023. This
The sampling technique used in this research is simple stratified sampling. Thus,
a group of 2nd year college students at Daraga Community College were chosen by the
Research Instrument
This study employed a survey questionnaire which was distributed to the 2 nd year
college students for school year 2022-2023 in the Daraga Community College. The
questionnaire contained four parts: (1) Demographic profile of the respondents, (2)
Learners Hobbies, (3) Causes the learners to have insufficient vocabulary, (4)
Data Gathering
The researcher obtained general information from the class regarding the
number of 2nd year college students for the school year 2022-2023 in a single block. The
researcher will ask permission from the principal through a letter of request to conduct a
survey questionnaire and a Cloze Test to know the reading and vocabulary level of the
students.
The number of 2 nd year college students for school year 2022-2023 is computed
using stratified sampling. Respondents are selected from 2nd year college students of
Daraga Community College. Upon approval, the checklist given to the respondents of
Statistical Treatment
The data gathered in the study was subject to the following statistical treatment:
The frequency of each response will be determined by the number of respondents who
P= f
— X 100%
Where:
P= percentage
F= frequency
The data gathered we summarized and interpreted through the use of descriptive
statistics.
learner’s insufficient vocabulary as well as their scores on the Cloze Test as the basis
what is read.
occurs.
Next is the researcher will introduce and present the analysis and
This chapter describes the analysis of data followed by the survey method, in
discussion of the questionnaire research. Data were analyzed to identify the students in
Daraga Community College, determine the survey question obtained from self-
The least number of respondents is composed of 10% of the sample size falling
under the age of 22 to 23 years old. Meanwhile, the highest number of respondents
were between 20 and 21 years old, which forms part of the 40% of the respondents. In
this study, there is correlation between age and vocabulary. A s the age of a person
Total: 40 100%
In this study, there is a correlation of sex and vocabulary since women like to used
words that show politeness and used more euphemism. Men and women have their
own vocabulary choices in achieving emphatic effects. Most respondents are female,
with a frequency of 32 that composed 80% of the sample size, while males have a
Total: 40 100%
Table 3: Causes the Learners to have Insufficient Vocabulary
This table shows the causes of the learners to have insufficient vocabulary. The
findings of the study observed that there is a correlation between these causes because
these factors affect their emotions and focus in terms of vocabulary. Based on the
rankings, most of the respondents say that they are experiencing a lack of self-
motivation, with a frequency of 15, which forms part of the 37.5% of the respondents.
While the least number of respondents have chosen the limited access to technology
with an approximate frequency of 4, containing the !0% portion of the sample size.
technology
support
motivation
Total: 40 100%
This table shows the hobbies of the respondents. The majority of the respondents
have chosen the reading as their hobby, with a frequency of 18 and a percentage of
45% making it rank 1 in the given tally. Meanwhile, the least number of respondents
have chosen watching TV as their hobby, comprising 7.5% of the sample size. This
observed a correlation between vocabulary and hobbies, when a person has a hobby, it
decreases or increases the vocabulary when reading. The more they see or read new
words, the more they will increase their vocabulary and improve reading ability.
Total: 40 100%
Table 5: Learner’s Scores to the Cloze-Test.
The table shows that out of 40 respondents, 20 or 50% of the learners got scores of
16-20 points. Meanwhile, 4 or 10% of the respondents got scores of 6-10 points. Hence
that the majority of the respondents got scores of 16-20 it means that 50% of the
respondents are in the instructional level ranging 90-95% accuracy with a frequency of
20, while the 10% of the respondents who got the lowest score of 6-10 are in the level
1-5 0 0%
6-10 4 10%
11-15 16 40%
16-20 20 50%
Total: 40 100%
CHAPTER V
Summary
The study focused on the lack of vocabulary and its effect on the reading
comprehension of the learners, specifically it highlights the causes in which the learners
Findings
The following findings were gleaned based on the analysis obtained from the
survey:
1. Most of the respondents fall under the age of 20-21 years old and the least
portion fall under 22-23 years old. Also, majority of the respondents were
female.
2. Most students say that a lack of motivation is the main reason why they
95% accuracy. Moreover, some of the respondents fall under the frustration
Conclusion
the 2nd year college level students at the Daraga Community College. The data obtained
from the survey conducted was thoroughly analyzed, and the subsequent conclusions
were drawn based on the findings. It was observed that a significant proportion of the
respondents fell within the age-bracket of 20-21 years old, with a relatively smaller
portion being 18-19 years old. Additionally, the majority of the respondents were found
to be female, which may have significant implications on their vocabulary and reading
ability and since women like to used words that show politeness and used more
euphemisms. Men and women have their own vocabulary choices in achieving
emphatic effects. Lack of motivation was observed as the main reason as to why the
learners have insufficient vocabulary, students who are less self-motivated start to avoid
reading, which negatively impacts their reading comprehension. Since then, the majority
of the respondents have chosen reading as their hobby. It has been observed and
analyzed that reading habits improves brain connectivity and increases learner’s
vocabulary and comprehension. Even if those students are doing the assigned reading,
it does not mean that they comprehend what they are reading due to a lack of self-
motivation. Furthermore, the study indicated that majority of the respondents are at the
level of instruction at which the student needs the support of the teacher and parent.
This is the level at which new vocabulary and concepts are introduced and where the
greatest progress in reading occurs. Moreover, a few of the respondents fell under the
frustration level at which vocabulary and concepts were too difficult for them to
understand.
In conclusion, this research provides crucial insights into the lack of vocabulary
and its effect in reading comprehension of 2 nd year college level taking up Bachelor of
Secondary Education Major in English. The outcomes of this research can be utilized to
enhanced thinking vocabulary of the learners, ultimately resulting and improve reading
Recommendation
The following recommendations were formulated due to the above findings and
conclusions:
4. Guided Reading.