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10 Ch-1
10 Ch-1
Mary’s School
Hayatpur Nurpur Bedi Rupnagar (Dist.) Punjab – 140117
Science (Chemistry)
Grade: 10
Aim: To show change in state and colour when a chemical reaction takes place.
Apparatus: lead nitrate solution, potassium iodide solution, test tube, and a
conical flask.
Procedure: Take lead nitrate solution in a test tube Add potassium iodide
solution to this.
Observation: lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to give lead iodide and
potassium nitrate.
The change in colour is because lead iodide and potassium nitrate have been
formed after the reaction. PbI2 is a yellow ppt. KNO3 is a colourless solution
Important Questions Related to this Activity:-
Aim: To show the interaction between zinc granules and hydrochloric acid or
sulphuric acid (formation of H gas)
Procedure: Take a few zinc granules in a conical flask or a test tube. Add
dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid to this.
Conclusion: From this we conclude that when a chemical reaction takes place
there is a change in the state, colour, and temperature.
Aim: Formation of slaked lime by the reaction of calcium oxide with water
Procedure: Take about 2g ferrous sulphate crystals in a dry boiling tube. Note
the colour of the ferrous sulphate crystals. Heat the boiling tube over the flame
of a burner or spirit lamp observe the colour of the crystals after heating
Apparatus: lead nitrate powder, boiling tube, pair of tongs and burner
Procedure: Take about 2 g lead nitrate powder in a boiling tube. Hold the
boiling tube with a pair of tongs and heat it over a flame. Observe the change if
any.
Observation: We observe the emission of brown fumes.
Conclusion: These fumes are of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The reaction that
takes place is
Procedure: Take a plastic mug. Drill two holes at its base and fit rubber
stoppers in these holes. Insert carbon electrodes in these rubber stoppers as
shown in fig then connect these electrodes to a 6 volt battery. Fill the mug with
water such that the electrodes are immersed.
Add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid to the water. Take two test tubes filled
with water and invert them over the two carbon electrodes. Switch on the
current and leave the apparatus undisturbed for some time.
Observe the formation of bubbles at both the electrodes. These bubbles displace
water in the test tubes. The volume of the gas collected is not the same in both
the test tubes. Once the test tubes are filled with the respective gases, remove
them carefully.
Test these gases one by one by bringing a burning candle close to the mouth of
the test tubes.
***Why the amount of one gas produced in one Test tube is Double than
the other one?
Ans:- H2 + O2—-> H2O Hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas formed are always
in the ratio of 2:1 in 1 molecules of water. Therefore
the volume of gas collected in the first test tube is double the volume of
the gas collected in the second test tube.
Procedure: Place this china dish containing silver chloride in sunlight for
some time. Observe the colour of the silver chloride after some time.
Conclusion: This is due to the decomposition of silver chloride into silver and
chlorine by sunlight
And this Reaction is used for the Black and white Photography.
Apparatus: two iron nails, sand paper, copper sulphate solution, thread and
two test tubes.
Procedure: Take two iron nails and clean them by rubbing them with sand
paper. Take two test tubes marked as (A) and (B). In each test tube, take about
10 ml copper sulphate solution.
Grade: 10 Science (Chemistry) 18
Tie one iron nail with a thread and immerse it carefully in the copper sulphate
solution in test tube A for about 20 minutes. Keep one iron nail aside for
comparison.
After 20 minutes, take out the iron nail from the copper sulphate solution.
Compare the intensity of the blue colour of copper sulphate solutions in the test
tubes (A) and (B). Also, compare the colour of the iron nail dipped in the
copper sulphate solution with the one kept aside.
Observation: the iron nail dipped in the copper sulphate solution in test tube A
becomes brownish in colour and the blue colour of copper sulphate solution
fades in test tube A. While the blue colour of copper sulphate solution in test
tube B remains the same.
In this reaction, the Iron nail becomes brownish in color and the blue color of
copper sulphate solution fade Because Iron displaces Cu (Copper) from its
Positon (CuSO4) Copper Sulphate.
Because Iron is more reactive than Copper and it easily displaces Cu(Copper)
from Copper Sulphate(CuSO4).
And that’s why the color of CuSO4 solution changes from Blue color to fade
because finally the solution of Copper sulphate was got to converted into Iron
Sulphate (FeSO4).
Apparatus: China dish , 1g copper powder, burner, wire gauze, tripod stand
and Hydrogen gas.
Procedure:
Heat a china dish containing about 1 g copper powder.
Now pass hydrogen gas over this heated material.
Observation:
The surface of copper powder becomes coated with black copper oxide.
Hydrogen gas is passed over this heated material [CuO] the black coating on
the surface turns brown as the reverse reaction takes place and copper is
obtained.
Conclusion: In the first case copper, was oxidized to copper oxide by the
following reaction
In the second case when hydrogen gas was passed over heated [CuO] copper
metal was obtained because copper oxide got reduced to copper metal by the
following reaction
2CuO + H2 -----Heat→ Cu + H2O
Q. What is Redox Reaction and what are the examples of Redox Reactions.
Ans. A reaction in which one reactant undergoes oxidation whereas the other
gets reduced during the course of reaction is termed as oxidation-reduction or
redox reaction.
Example:
2Cu + O2 -----Heat→ 2CuO (Oxidation)