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Re Sumos
Re Sumos
It is used when:
I love candy.
You work at the mall.
We go to bed at 9 pm.
They play soccer very well.
Do I love candy?
Do you love candy?
Do you work at the mall?
Do we go to bed at 9 pm?
Do they play soccer very well?
He, She, it
- Ss;
- Sh;
- Ch;
- X;
- O;
When a verb ends in -y and has a consonant behind it, the -y is dropped and the ending -ies is
added.
Examples:
PRESENT CONTINUOS
To be
I am (I´m not)
He
She is (isn´t)
It
1. Now
Ex: You're studying now
2. Near Future
Ex: After dinner, I am watching TV
I am eating chocolate.
Examples:
PAST SIMPLE
Regulars
Irregulars
To be (was/were)
REGULAR
- Worked
- Cleaned
- Talked
- Watched
Study -> Studied (because it ends in -y and there's a consonant behind it)
Planned
IRREGULAR
VERB TO BE
I You
He We Were
Was
She They
It
Examples:
WAS
WERE
PAST CONTINUOS
It is used:
Examples:
MODAL VERBS
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
- I´m bit about this report. Shall I have a look at it? (offer)
- There´s quite a lot we need to discuss. Shall we set up a meeting (suggestion)
Note that we can only use Shall I …? and shall we…? In this way. We cannot say *Shall he…?
shall you…? etc.
Should and ought to -> advice or to express obligation relating to the present or the future.
Examples
The modals below can be used to express obligation. They are followed by the bare
infinitive:
TIME EXPRESSIONS
FOR
AGO
Ago is used to say when past events happened, going back from today towards the
past.
The verb is in the Past Tense.
FOR, DURING
FOR
DURING
BY, UNTIL
BY
The preposition "by" is commonly used to establish a deadline or time limit by which an action
or task should be accomplished. Consider the following examples:
In these sentences, "by" implies a sense of urgency and emphasises that the action needs to be
completed no later than the specified time. It indicates a specific deadline and carries the
expectation that the task should be finished on or before that deadline. Note that "by"
functions as a preposition in these instances.
UNTIL
We use until when an activity continues throughout the period up to the time limit. It denotes
the duration within which the action persists. Consider the following examples, where "until"
serves either as a preposition or a conjunction. As a preposition, it specifies the time limit
during which the activity occurs. As a conjunction, it connects the duration of the activity with
the moment of completion.
When used as a preposition, "until" indicates the time until which the activity will continue. For
example:
This sentence implies that the speaker will remain present until the clock strikes five. The
activity of being present extends up to that particular time and then concludes.
Alternatively, when "until" functions as a conjunction, it connects the duration of the activity
with its completion. For instance:
In this case, "until" conveys the idea that the activity of working should persist continuously
until the task is fully completed.
ON TIME, IN TIME
On time means that there is a specific time established when something is supposed/expected
to happen, and it is happening at the planned time.
My job interview is scheduled for 4:00 PM.
If I arrive at 4:00 PM, I am on time for the interview.
The flight is scheduled to leave at 10:30 AM.
If it leaves at 10:30 AM, the flight is leaving on time.
The class is supposed to start at 9:00.
If it does start at 9:00 with no delays, it is starting on time.
The accident victim was seriously injured; they got him to the hospital just in time.
(If they hadn’t arrived at the hospital, he might have died)
I missed the opportunity to go to that college because I didn’t submit my application in
time.
I left home early and arrived in plenty of time to catch my flight.
I got stuck in traffic and arrived just in time to catch my flight.
Vocabulary
Beggars - pedintes
To borrow money - pedir dinheiro emprestado
To lend money - emprestar dinheiro a alguém
Interest rates - taxas de juro
Tax - imposto
Assets - ativos
Liabilities - passivos
Change - troco
Income – rendimentos
Annual turnover – volume anual de negócios
Bear market – mercado em baixa
Traders – comerciantes
Financial analyst – analista financeiro
Volatility – volatilidade
Trading – comércio/negociação
Equities – ações/títulos de capital
Research analysis – análise de investigação/pesquisa
Business sector – setor empresarial
Earnings – rendimentos/ganhos/lucros
Derivatives – produtos derivados
half - metade
halfes - metades
Actually - Na verdade ou de facto
Currently - Atualmente
Eventually - Futuramente ou mais tarde
Equity Stake -> equal parts into which the capital or ownership of a company is divided.
Recession -> period when business activity decreases because the economy is doing badly.
Shares -> money risked when a business owns part of another company.
Debt -> money owed by one person or organisation to another person or organisation.
Stock Market -> place where company shares are bought and sold.
Profit Margin -> the difference between the price of a product or service and the cost of
producing it.
Investment -> money which people or organisations put into a business to make a profit.
Pre-tax profits -> the money a business makes before payment to the government.
Annual Turnover -> the amount of money which a business obtains (in a year) from customers
by selling goods or services.
Marketing Mix
The marketing mix refers to the key activities used in marketing an organization's products or
services. It is frequently referred to as the four Ps:
Price - the costs of production, prices charged by the competitors and customers' expectations.
Promotion - how to promote and advertise the product or service, i.e., how to communicate
with customers.
Place - how to distribute the product and make it available for consumers, e.g., through retail
outlets or via the Internet.
Some people argue that three other Ps should be added to the marketing mix, especially for
organizations that provide intangible services that are generally consumed at the time of
purchase and may depend on significant human input rather than tangible products:
People - those involved in the delivery of services to consumers; for example, staff serving in a
restaurant are as important as the food on the plate.
Senior managers can control the elements of the marketing mix to keep ahead of competition.
The marketing mix can vary at different times throughout the product life cycle.
Some products have a very long lifespan, requiring a series of different marketing mixes. For
example, the price may be reduced, or advertising might be increased at times when sales are
declining. Other items go out of fashion quickly. The product life cycle is the path of a product
from the very beginning through to withdrawal from the market, with six separate stages:
Research and development (R&D) - market research is carried out and the product's technical
feasibility tested before the product is put on the market.
Growth - sales grow rapidly as most customers are aware of the product, many have tried it
and are starting to develop customer loyalty.
Maturity - sales levels are maintained and the product has an established place in the market.
Competition may become very intense.
Decline - sales of the product have fallen. They are not covering the manufacturing costs and
the product is therefore unprofitable. The well-prepared business will have a second product
ready for introduction to the market to replace the declining product.