TOPICS

• General Concepts in • Ethics in OHS

Occupational Health and Safety • OHS Management System
(OHS) and Safety Culture
• Work Hygiene, Hazards at
• Principles of Labor Law and Place Workplace
of Occupational Health and
Safety • Ergonomics

• Occupational Health and Safety • Physical Risk Factors

Regulation • Biological Risk Factors
• OHS Services • Chemical Risk Factors
• Special Risk Groups in Working • Emegency Management and
Life, Shift Work and Night Shift First Aid

2
OHS 401
AIM
• To understand the basic principles of OHS and the importance of safety culture.

LEARNING GOALS

Ensuring and Maintaining Safety Culture

• Understanding the Safety Culture and Learning the Benefits of Enterprise

• To learn the basic principles of OHS,

• To learn legal dimensions of OHS,

• Hazard – Risk – Risk Assessment and Commentate the effects on OHS

• To learn basic prevention methods
• To learn the necessity of emergency and first aid
3
 SAFETY CULTURE

The term ‘safety culture’ first made its appearance in the

International Atomic Energy Agency’s initial report following
the Chernobyl disaster (IAEA, 1986).
Since then inquiries into major accidents have found faults in
the organisational structures and safety management systems,
throwing the importance of safety culture into the spotlight.
There is still no universally recognised and respected definition
or model of the Safety Culture

4
SAFETY CULTURE • The HSE’s Advisory Committee on the Safety of
Nuclear Installations (ACSNI: HSC, 1993) produced a
definition of safety culture:
• ‘The safety culture of an organisation is the
product of individual and group values, attitudes,
perceptions, competencies, and patterns of
behaviour that determine the commitment to, and
the style and proficiency of, an organisation’s health
and safety management’ (HSC, 1993).
• ‘Organisations with a positive safety culture are
characterised by communications founded on mutual
trust, by shared perceptions of the importance of
safety and by confidence in the efficacy of preventive
measures’ (HSC, 1993).

5
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

OHS:
During operations; a series of measures taken
• to protect the employee from adverse health effects
• to prevent them from accidents
and
• to eliminate or to reduce the potential for financial and
spiritual loss
in short, to create a safe work environment.

6
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

• For employee;
○ Preserve from adverse health
effects,
○ Prevent occupational accidents.
• For environment;
 Prevent long-term environmental
pollution
• For economy;
– Reduce or eliminate financial and
spiritual loss

7
 FOR WHAT OHS?
Working in a healthy and safe
environment is one of the most basic
human rights for all employees!!!

OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering

Faculty of Gazi Üniversity

8
Hazard, Risk and Other
Related Concepts

OHS401; 2021-22 Fall Semester;

9
Engineering Faculty of Gazi Üniversity
 HAZARD and RISK
HAZARD DEFINITIONS
TDK: A situation that can lead to large damage or destruction; likely to
happen but not unwanted case.
TS OHSAS 18001:2008 Standard : A resource, condition or action that can
cause injury or deterioration of people or their co-occurrence.

6331 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY LAW

Potential which exists at the workplace or may arise from outside the
workplace to cause harm or damage which could affect the worker or the
workplace;

10
 HAZARD and RISK
RISK DEFINITIONS
TDK : Possibility of occurrence of an event.

TS OHSAS 18001:2008 Standard: The combination of the probability of a

hazardous event or exposure and the degree of seriousness of injury or
health impairment that may be caused by these.

6331 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY LAW: Probability of loss,

injury or other harmful result arising from hazard

11
 HAZARD and RISK
Risk assessment process

Deciding measures

Analysis of risks

Determination of risks
Factors leading to risk
Identification of hazards
12
 HAZARDand RISK
HAZARD THE FACTORS CAUSING RISK
-potantial- THE HAZARD TO TURN -probability -
INTO RISK
Electric cable The electric cable has Touching open ends and
open ends and is located occuring an electric shock.
in the work environment
Sea One watching the water The person falling into the
leaning from the boat water and drowning
Toxic chemical Placing the substance in Someone who thinks chemical
substance the water bottle and not as water drink chemical and
labeling it poising of this person.
Height Working in a high place, The person died or was injured
lack of safety rail as a result of falling.

13
OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT
OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT: (6331)
Any occurrence;
taking place at the workplace or due to the
performance of work
which leads to
death or
physical or mental impairment to the physical
integrity of the victim;

14
 NEAR-MISS
NEAR-MISS:

An event, occuring in the workplace,

has the potential to damage the employee, workplace or

equipment

but it does not cause any damage.

15
OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering
Faculty of Gazi Üniversity

16
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
Occupational Disease
(according to 6331 Law)
Any illness caused by exposure to occupational risks.

17
 RISK ASSESSMENT
Identification of hazards
Identification of risks
Risk analysis
Deciding on risk control measures
Implementation of risk control measures
Monitoring of applications.
18
COSTS OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT

Apparent Cost (can be calculated)

• Medical Treatment expences
• Insurence indemnity
• Equipment repair or replacement,
• Labour loss hence halt or slowdown
in manufacture
• Overtime work
• Facing legal obligations and
responsibilities, administrative fines
• Legal expenses (court costs) and
other indemnity charges.

19
COSTS OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT
Hidden Cost (can not be calculated)
• Cause of Accident/disease research
cost
• Learning time of replacement
employee
• Loss of yield and time
• Adverse effects on other employees
• Time loss of managers during judicial
investigation
• Loss of prestige

20
BENEFITS OF OHS
Following costs do not occur thanks to OHS
○ Medical expenses (loss of health in work-related accidents and work-
related illnesses - treatment of diseases),
○ insurance indemnity
○ Court expenses
○ Equipment repair costs
○ Loss of production

21
INDIRECT BENEFITS OF OHS
○ Spend money resources on renewing equipment instead of
medical expenses, enviromental cleaning, case expenses,
insurance indemnity
○ Employee happiness
○ Company prestige
○ Productivity and performance
○ Profitability

22
23
** PRO-ACTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT **

TO PREVENT TO REDUCE IMPACT

RISK ASSESMENT Being ready for accident
To take precautions by making EMERGENCY PLAN
risk assessment in order to Considering the possibility of
prevent any unwanted events. occurrence of adverse events
Eliminate the risk, if not despite the measures taken;
completely disposed off,take it pre-measures are prepared to
to an acceptable level reduce the impact of the event
before it occurs.
For example; to keep fire
fighting equipment ready for
use.
24
PRO-ACTIVE
RISK
MANAGEMENT

OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering

Faculty of Gazi Üniversity 25
HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL
TORNA TEZGAHINDA
Lathe Work ÇALIŞMA
Source of Risk Risk control measures
Hazard
• An injury or eye loss as a • placing a mechanical
result of splashing of the barrier between the
burr into the eyes of the employee and the point of
Lathe exit burr
bench employee • Using glasses
• Injury or death from • Insulation
electric shock

26
 HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL
Working at height
Source of Risk Risk control measures
Hazard

Working at • Injury or death by falling from • Guardrail construction

height height due to loss of balance • Using a seat belt

OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering

Faculty of Gazi Üniversity

27
Human Factors Causing Accident

PSİKOLOJİK (Çalışan of
Psychological (character employee)
karakteri) SOSYOLOJİK
Sociological (effect of society on
(Toplumun employee)
çalışana etkisi)
• Ignorance • Family culture,
• Age and experience, • Community culture
• Carelessness, • Guilty
• Stress, • Failure to agree with others,
• Emotional status, • Hostility and dissapointment
• Incompetence/insufficient • Bad habit
Physiological employer attitude
physical disorders • Overtime,
• Eye disorders • Continuous night shift,
• Hearing loss • Unfair practice/tratment among
employees,
• Lack of control.

28
Workplace Factors

Unsafety Situations
- Unsafety and unhealthy - Unsafe Workingplace,
environment - Non-ergonomic Machine and
- Insufficient Lighting, Hand Tool,
- Insufficient Ventilation, - Unprotected Machines and
- Messy workingplace unsiutable tools
- Unclosed Blanks, - Dangerous Height Stack,
- Ungrounded Electrical - Uncontrolled and tested
Machines. Pressure Vessels,
- flammable and explosive
materials
29
 OHS in Our Country
Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331
and
Regulations based on this Law is available.

Object of this law is

to regulate duties, authority, responsibility, rights and obligations
of employers and workers in order to ensure occupational health
and safety at workplaces and to improve existing health and
safety conditions.

30
 OHS in Our Country
This law has brought some obligations to the employer such as;
• Taking all kinds of measures,
• making risk assessment,
• Do not reflect the cost of occupational health and safety
measures to employees

31