Languages Ch#05

Chapter: 05 (Topic: Languages)
Q 55: What was the Pashto academy? [4]

Ans: The Pashto academy was setup in 1954 in Peshawar University for the promotion of Pashto
literature. Academy was headed by Maulana Abdul Qadir. Pashto academy prepared widely accepted
Pashto dictionary. Post graduate classes in Pashto literature have been established under Pashto
academy at university level.
Q 56: How has the Pakistan government promoted the development of Punjabi? [4]
Ans: Punjabi is the local language of the Punjab. It was a popular language amongst the Sufi poets who
used it for their romantic folk poetry- contributed to the popularity of Punjabi. After Independence,
steps were taken for the promotion and development of the language in other parts of the province.
The Government has ensured its development by giving support to those institutions that are using it.
Radio, TV and films are promoting classical and folk literature as a result. Punjabi theatre is very popular.
Q 57: What was the Balochi Literary Association? [4]
Ans: The Balochi Literary Association promotes Balochi language. It publishes collection of poetry of
Baloch poets and conduct educational activities. 150 books are published in the Balochi language. Books
of other language are translated in Balochi. Academy publishes a popular series of pamphlets to
promote Balochi. A weekly magazine known as "Nan Kessan" was published. A monthly known as
"Olassis" was also published.
Q 58: What was the Swadeshi movement? [4]
Ans: The Swadeshi movement was formed in response to partition of Bengal by the Hindus in 1905.
Hindus were upset with the partition as they saw it as part of the British ‘divide and rule’ policy.
Swadeshi Movement was a boycott of British goods and bought (used) only Indian produced goods.
British sugar, salt, cloth and cotton in particular. British cloth was burnt on bonfires. People boycotted
the shops selling foreign goods.
Chapter: 05 (Topic: Languages)

Q: Why Urdu was chosen as national language of Pakistan at the time of independence? [7] (M-15) or
Q: Explain why Muhammad Ali Jinnah chose Urdu as the national language of Pakistan. [7]
Ans: (1) [Historical reasons] (a) Urdu was developed in 300 years of Muslim rule over India and it was a
symbol of Muslim culture. Urdu was adopted as language of court by later Mughal rulers. Urdu was
considered as the language of Muslims of the subcontinent. (b) During freedom movement Muslim
leaders made speeches in Urdu. Muslim league defended Urdu during British rule. Urdu was adopted as
national language of Pakistan because it remained attached with freedom movement.
2) [Increase unity in Pakistan] Urdu was widely spoken in the most of areas of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam
was keen to adopt Urdu as national language of Pakistan. According to Quaid Urdu would act as
language of communication between provinces. Quaid thought that Urdu would increase unity in
Pakistan because most of the people could understand it.
3) [Developed Language] Urdu was used as medium of education in areas included in Pakistan even
before independence. (b) Quran was already translated in Urdu. (c) Urdu grammar, dictionary and
literature were developed. (d) Urdu books and newspaper were published before independence. (e)
Terms of office work were already in Urdu so it was a suitable language to be adopted as official
language.
Q: Urdu was promoted more than any other language; Do you agree? Give reasons. [14]
(Write only three reasons included language highlighted in question)
Ans: [Sindhi language] (a) Sindhi was written in Marwari and Arz Nigari ways which were changed into
Arabic script (writing). (b) Sindhi is used as of official language in Sindh province. (c) Sindhi is used as
medium of education in Sindh. (d) The Sindhi literary board was setup in 1948 to print books and
magazines in Sindhi language. (e) Sindhiology department in Jamshoro University offers master degree
in Sindhi language. (f) Bazm-e-Talib-ul-Maula and Sarmast academy were founded to promote Sindhi
language. These organizations have published books in Sindhi and also carry out research work on Sindhi
language. (g) Pir Ali Muhammad Rashdi, Faqir Nabi Bux and G. Allana are important authors working to
promote Sindhi language. (h) Sindhi international conference is held every year to promote Sindhi.
2) [Punjabi language] (a) Punjabi is the largest regional (local) language used in Punjab. (b) Punjabi is
taught as optional subject in colleges. The provincial government of Punjab supports every organization
that promotes Punjabi language. (c) Master degree in Punjabi is offered by Punjab University Lahore. (e)
M.Ali Faiq has translated the Holy Quran in Punjabi language. (f) Punjabi films, music, theatre and
channels are very popular. (g) Baba Farid, Sultan Bahu were famous Punjabi poets, their Sufi poetry is
translated in many languages. (h) Punjabi folk romantic stories like Heer Ranjha, Sassi-Punnu and Sohni-
Mahiwal are translated in many languages. (i) Munir Niazi and Ahmad Rahi are famous Punjabi language
writers of 20th century. New mediums of expression like Nazam and Ghazal are also introduced in
Punjabi poetry.
3) [Pashto language] (a) Pashto language is the regional language of K.P.K. (b) Pashto academy was
setup in 1954 to promote Pashto literature. (c) Pashto academy has prepared Pashto dictionary and
published many books in Pashto language. Master degree classes in Pashto literature is offered
(available) at University level in K.P.K. (d) Pashto remained attached (linked) with freedom movement.
Rehman Baba is famous poet and Khushal khan khattak is known famous Pashto writer.
4) [Balochi language] (a) Balochi is the language spoken in Balochistan province. Before partition Balochi
language was declining. (b) The Balochi literary association was setup to promote Balochi language. (c)
Nan kessam and Olassis are popular Balochi magazines which have been published after 1947. (d) Many
poets like Atta Shad and writers like Azad Jamal Din are working to promote Balochi language. (e) PTV
Quetta and Radio station Karachi broad-cast (telecast/put on air) programmes in Balochi language.
5) [Urdu Language] (a) Urdu is declared as national language of Pakistan. It is promised in 1973
constitution that Pakistan government will take steps to set up Urdu as official language of Pakistan.
Speeches are made in Urdu in assemblies. Urdu is used as official language in lower courts and offices.
(b) Urdu is a compulsory subject at school level. All major universities of Pakistan offer master degree
and PhD degree in Urdu. Organizations like Anjuman-e-Taraqq-i-Urdu and national language authority
have done good work for promotion of Urdu language. (c) A large number of magazines and news
papers are published in Urdu. Urdu software, dictionary and encyclopedia have been prepared. Work of
important Urdu poets such as Ghalib, Iqbal and Faiz has been translated into other languages. A vast
amount of religious literature has been produced in Urdu. A dictionary of office terms in Urdu has been
published. TV and Radio programmers are put on air in Urdu.
[Comment] I think that Sindhi is the most promoted language in Pakistan because Sindhi has the status
of official language and medium of education in Sindh Province.
Q: Why have regional languages been promoted by Pakistan government since 1947? [7] (M-13)
Ans: [increase unity] Regional languages are important because they are spoken by large number of
people. The government is promoting (helping) regional languages to keep them alive. It will increase
unity in the country. Promotion (support) of these languages will protect local cultures and create
(make) a sense of pride (self-respect) among their speakers.
2) [Historical reasons] Pasto literature carries a strong element (feature) of resistance (opposition)
against foreign rule, such element of resistance is found in the poetry of Khushal khan and Rehman
Baba. Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and even Balochi language have a vast literature and had an important role
in independence movement and making of Pakistan. It was necessary (important) to promote (support)
these Languages.
3) [To avoid provincialism] (a) Urdu was declared as national language of Pakistan. Promotion of
regional (local) languages was needed because people of different provinces may not feel that Urdu was
being forced on them and their language was being ignored. (b) Language issue was the major cause of
the separation of East Pakistan so government has decided to promote regional languages. Balochi
language was declining before 1947. (c) Therefore Balochi was promoted (supported) to bring it at the
level of other languages. By Sir Bilal Sarwar (03228659670)

Languages Ch#05

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Languages Ch#05

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Chapter: 05 (Topic: Languages)

Q 55: What was the Pashto academy? [4]

Chapter: 05 (Topic: Languages)

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