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    This document provides information about a medical terminology course at King Abdulaziz University's Applied College. The course, Medical Terminology II, teaches terminology related to various body systems including the nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, and sterilization. The course objectives are to define medical terms, explain their importance for medical technicians, and properly spell, define, and pronounce terms. Student performance will be evaluated through a midterm exam, graded assignments, and a final exam. The document also provides an overview of basic word structure in medical terms, including word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms.

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    This document provides information about a medical terminology course at King Abdulaziz University's Applied College. The course, Medical Terminology II, teaches terminology related to various body systems including the nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, and sterilization. The course objectives are to define medical terms, explain their importance for medical technicians, and properly spell, define, and pronounce terms. Student performance will be evaluated through a midterm exam, graded assignments, and a final exam. The document also provides an overview of basic word structure in medical terms, including word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    29 views45 pages

    1 Terminology II Lecture

    Uploaded by

    maramaliii37
    This document provides information about a medical terminology course at King Abdulaziz University's Applied College. The course, Medical Terminology II, teaches terminology related to various body systems including the nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, and sterilization. The course objectives are to define medical terms, explain their importance for medical technicians, and properly spell, define, and pronounce terms. Student performance will be evaluated through a midterm exam, graded assignments, and a final exam. The document also provides an overview of basic word structure in medical terms, including word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 45

    King Abdulaziz University

    Applied Collage
    Health Information technology (HIT)
    Diploma of sterilization Program

    Medical Terminology II (ACHS 102)


    Course Description

    • This course provides a detailed study of medical terms of the rest of body
    systems which was not covered in HIT120 give their meaning. It helps
    students to apply the knowledge of medical root words, prefixes, and
    suffixes on building of medical terms pertaining to the human body
    systems, disease, abnormal conditions, surgical procedures, medical
    devices, and diagnostic procedures, related to nervous system, the
    endocrine system, the digestive system, the urinary system, reproductive
    system, and sterilization related terminology.
    Course Objectives
    • Identify and define the word parts most frequently associated with the
    major body systems.
    • Explain the importance of medical terminology for central services
    technicians.
    • Discuss how the medical terminology can refer to the human anatomy,
    disease, disorders, abnormal conditions, surgical procedures, surgical
    instruments, medical devices, and medical specialties etc.
    • Properly spell, define, and correctly pronounce the medical terms
    associated with the nervous system, the endocrine system, the digestive
    system, the urinary system, reproductive system, and sterilization related
    terminology.
    Marks distribution
    ➢30Marks Midterm Exam
    ➢30 Marks graded assignment
    ➢40 Marks Final Exam
    Overview of Basic Word Structure
    Basic Elements of a Medical Word
    1. Word Root
    2. Combining Vowel and Combining Form
    3. Suffix
    4. Prefix
    These four parts of a word are known as ELEMENTS.
    ❖ Medical words are like individual jigsaw puzzles. Once you
    divide the terms into their component parts and learn their
    meaning, you can use that knowledge to understand many other
    new terms.
    Basic Word Parts
    • Word root is the fundamental meaning of the term
    • Prefixes and suffixes modify the word root
    • Combining vowels connect other word parts
    Medical Terms Are Built from Word Parts
    Word Part Example (Meaning)

    • Word root • cardiogram (record of the heart)


    • Prefix • pericardium (around the heart)
    • Suffix • carditis (inflammation of the heart)
    • Combining form • cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)
    Word Root
    • Foundation of the term
    • General meaning of word
    • Often gives body system or part
    • cardi = heart
    • Or may be an action
    • cis = to cut
    Word Root
    • Medical terms may have more than one root
    • osteoarthritis
    • Medical terms may be built without a word root
    • hyper- = prefix meaning excessive
    • -trophy = suffix meaning development
    • hypertrophy = excessive development
    Combining Vowels and Combining Forms

    • Correct pronunciation of medical words is important.


    • In order to make the pronunciation of word roots easier, sometimes it
    is necessary to insert a vowel after the root.
    • The combination of a word root and a vowel is known as a
    COMBINING FORM.
    • Combine two word parts:
    • Between two word roots
    • Between word root and suffix
    Combining Vowel Rules

    • Between word root and suffix


    • If the suffix begins with a vowel
    • Do not use a combining vowel
    • Arthritis, not arthroitis

    • If the suffix begins with a consonant


    • Use a combining vowel
    • Arthroscope, not arthrscope
    • Combining forms consist of a combining vowel.
    • The combining vowel is usually an “o”, but others may be used.

    IE: gastr / o pronounced GASTRO=Combining form.

    Word root
    Gastr = Stomach
    Combining vowel
    • When a word has more than one root, a combining vowel is used to
    link the root to each other.

    IE: osteoarthritis oste/ o / arthr/ itis

    Word root suffix


    Combining
    • Oste = Bone vowel
    Word root

    • Arthr = Joint
    • Itis = Inflammation
    • A combining vowel is used between a word root and a suffix that
    begins with a consonant (not a vowel).
    • This is to make pronunciation easier.

    Word root: Hemat / (blood)


    Suffix: / logy (study of)

    Term: Hemat / o / logy (study of blood)

    Combining vowel
    Common Combining Forms
    • aden/o – gland
    • carcin/o – cancer
    • cardi/o – heart
    • chem/o – chemical
    • cis/o – to cut
    • dermat/o – skin
    • enter/o – small intestine
    • gastr/o – stomach
    Common Combining Forms
    • gynec/o – female
    • hemat/o – blood
    • hydr/o – water
    • immun/o – immunity
    • laryng/o – voice box
    • nephr/o – kidney
    • neur/o – nerve
    • ophthalm/o – eye
    Word-Building System*
    • By understanding the meanings of word roots, one can determine the
    meaning of complex medical terms by putting together the smaller
    parts.
    • Remember always read the meaning of a medical word from the suffix
    to the beginning of the word then across.
    Suffixes
    • A suffix is added to the END of a word root or combining form to
    modify its meaning.

    • By adding a suffix to the end of a word root, we create a noun or


    adjective with a different meaning.
    Suffix
    • All medical terms must have a suffix
    • Only mandatory word part
    • When written by itself, precede with a hyphen
    • -logy
    • -sclerosis
    • -cyte
    Meanings of certain suffixes
    -al pertaining to dental (pertaining to teeth)
    -er one who speaker (one who speaks)
    -able capable of being playable (capable of being played)
    -oma tumor hematoma (blood tumor)

    NOTE:
    The element that comes before a suffix can either be a word root or
    combining form.
    • The suffixes

    -scope (instrument to view)


    -rrhea (flow or discharge)

    all begin with a consonant, therefore a combining vowel must be used


    between the word root and the suffix.
    • The suffixes

    -algia (pain)
    -edema (swelling)
    -uria (urine, urination)

    These suffixes begin with a vowel, therefore a combining vowel is NOT


    used between the word root and the suffix.
    Adjective Suffixes
    • Suffix may be used to convert a word root into a complete word
    • Translation of these suffixes is pertaining to
    • New word can then be used to modify another word
    Adjective Suffix Example
    • To state that a patient has an ulcer in his or her stomach:
    gastr/o = stomach
    -ic = pertaining to
    • gastric = pertaining to the stomach
    • gastric ulcer = ulcer found in the stomach
    Surgical Suffixes
    • -centesis puncture to withdraw fluid
    • -ectomy surgical removal
    • -ostomy surgically create an opening
    • -otomy cutting into
    • -pexy surgical fixation
    • -plasty surgical repair
    • -rrhaphy suture
    Procedural Suffixes
    • -gram record or picture
    • -graph instrument for recording
    • -graphy process of recording
    • -meter instrument for measuring
    • -metry process of measuring
    • -scope instrument for viewing
    • -scopy process of visually examining
    REMEMBER
    • Read the meaning of medical words from the suffix to the beginning
    and then across (from the end first).
    • Drop the combining vowel before a suffix that starts with a vowel.
    • Keep the combining vowel between word roots, even if the second
    roots starts with a vowel.
    e.g. Gastroenteritis
    Prefixes
    A prefix is a syllable or syllables placed BEFORE a word or word root
    to alter its meaning or create a new word.

    Some prefixes:
    Hyper- (excessive)
    Pre- (before)
    Post- (after)
    Homo- (same)
    Hypo- (under)
    Prefix
    • Not all medical terms have a prefix
    • When written by itself, followed by a hyphen
    • intra-
    • hyper-
    • multi-
    Common Prefixes
    • a- without, away from
    • an- without
    • ante- before, in front of
    • anti- against
    • auto- self
    • brady- slow
    • contra- against
    • de- without
    Common Prefixes
    • hetero- different
    • homo- same
    • hydro- water
    • hyper- over, above
    • hypo- under, below
    • in- not, inward
    • inter- among, between
    • intra- within, inside
    Number Prefixes
    • mono- one • primi- first
    • bi- two • multi- many
    • tri- three • nulli- none
    • quadri- four • poly- many
    • tetra- four
    • hemi- half
    • semi- partial, half
    Hypoinsulinemia

    Hypo / insulin / emia Notice that there is no


    combining vowel in
    this word because the
    prefix ends with a
    Prefix Word root suffix
    vowel and the suffix
    begins with a vowel.
    LOW INSULIN BLOOD
    Word Building
    • Putting together several parts to form a variety of terms to convey the
    necessary information
    • Begins with knowing the meaning of the various word parts in order to
    select the correct ones
    • Always remember the rules regarding the location of each word part
    Word Building
    • For example:
    • hypo- = below or under
    • derm/o = meaning the skin
    • -ic = meaning pertaining to
    • Combine to form the term:
    • Hypodermic
    • Meaning: pertaining to under the skin
    Interpreting Medical Terms
    • Term to be translated: gastroenterology

    • Divide the term into its word parts


    gastr / o / enter / o / logy
    Interpreting Medical Terms

    • Define each word part


    • gastr = stomach
    • o = combining vowel, no meaning
    • enter = small intestine
    • o = combining vowel, no meaning
    • -logy = study of
    • Combine the meanings of the word parts
    [study of the stomach and small intestine]
    Pronunciation
    • Pronunciation will differ according to place of birth and education

    • New terms in the book are introduced in boldface type, with phonetic
    spelling in parentheses

    • Stressed syllable will be in capital letters:


    • pericarditis (per ih car DYE tis)
    Spelling
    • There is only one correct way to spell a term

    • Changing one letter can change the meaning of a word


    • ileum (small intestine) versus ilium (hip bone)
    Same Sounds Spelled Differently
    • Sounds like si
    • psy psychiatry
    • cy cytology

    • Sounds like dis


    • dys dyspepsia
    • dis dislocation
    Sound similar – Different spelling –
    Different meaning
    • Abduction Adduction
    (Draw away) (Draw toward)

    • Hepatoma Hematoma
    (Liver tumor) (Blood tumor)

    • Aphagia Aphasia
    (Inability to swallow) (Inability to speak)
    Singular and Plural Endings
    • Many medical terms come from Greek or Latin words

    • Rules for forming plurals for these languages are different from English
    • Plural of atrium is atria, not atriums

    • Other words will use English rules


    • Plural of ventricle is ventricles
    Abbreviations
    • Commonly used to save time
    • Can be confusing
    • If you are concerned about confusion, spell out the term
    • Do not use your own personal abbreviations

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