Project
Project
BY
NASIR KABIR TA’AL
JSIIT/23/NDCE/0013
Computer Engineering,
Faculty of Computer Engineering Department,
Jigawa State Institute of Information Technology, Kazaure.
DEDICATION
To my parents, who taught me to be unique, determined, to believe in myself,
and to always preserve. I am truly thankful and honored to have you as my
parents.
ABSTRACT
This report is based on the student industrial work experience scheme held at
NITDA located at Kazaure, Jigawa. It provides a brief explanation about the
SIWES program such as its history, objectives, aims while also giving a
description of the work done in NITDA. It focuses on the technical exposure
gained from each department, such as the Computer science department and
Computer Engineering department. It gives account to some of the machine and
equipment used in the various department as well as its function. It also provides
insight in some of the challenges faced and gives a few recommendation on how to
further improve the program.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praised and adoration are to God Almighty my creator, my strong pillar, my
source of inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding. He has been the
source of my strength throughout this program.
I have taken effort in this report. However, it would not have been possible without
the kind of roles played by all the technical staffs of NITDA for their relentless
supports, guidance, constant supervision, and explanation of work(s) done even
though the work was so hectic. Other members of staff of NITDA who contributed
to one form, or the other are deeply appreciated and to the people who have
willingly helped me out with their abilities.
DECLARATION
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JSIIT/23/NDCE/0013
Contents
DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................2
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................................................4
DECLARATION.........................................................................................................................................5
1. CHAPTER ONE: THE SIWES........................................................................................................8
1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................8
1.2 Why SIWES?.......................................................................................................................................9
1.3 Importance of SIWES.........................................................................................................................9
2. CHAPTER TWO: NATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (NITDA)...........10
2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................10
2.2 Why NITDA......................................................................................................................................10
2.3 Organizational Structure of NITDA...................................................................................................11
3. CHAPTER 3: WORK DONE AND EXPERIENCED GAINED.....................................................12
3.1 Internet............................................................................................................................................12
3.1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................12
3.1.2 Characteristics of Internet........................................................................................................12
3.1.3 List of hardware requirements to set up internet.....................................................................13
3.1.4 Software requirements to set up an Internet connection typically include:.............................15
3.1.5 Types of Internet......................................................................................................................16
3.2 Search engines.................................................................................................................................16
3.2.1 List of search engines................................................................................................................16
3.3 Microsoft Office Package.................................................................................................................17
3.3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................17
3.3.2 Microsoft Office word...............................................................................................................17
3.3.3 Microsoft Office excel...............................................................................................................19
3.3.4 Microsoft Office PowerPoint.....................................................................................................20
3.3.5 Microsoft Office Access.............................................................................................................22
3.3.6 Microsoft Office Outlook..........................................................................................................23
3.3.7 Microsoft Office Publisher........................................................................................................23
3.4 Camera............................................................................................................................................23
3.4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................23
3.4.2 Basics part of camera................................................................................................................24
3.4.3 Types of Camera 📷....................................................................................................................25
3.4.4 Photoshop................................................................................................................................25
3.4.4 Brief on Photoshop using cannon Camera................................................................................26
3.5 Brief Receive on Computer..............................................................................................................26
3.5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................26
3.6 Computer motherboard..................................................................................................................29
3.6.1 Design of a computer motherboard.........................................................................................30
3.6.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD..........................................................32
CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.........................33
5.1 Summary and Conclusions:..............................................................................................................33
5.2 Problem Faced During SIWES Program............................................................................................33
5.3 Recommendations...........................................................................................................................33
REFRENCE..............................................................................................................................................35
1. CHAPTER ONE: THE SIWES
1.1 Introduction
The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is the accepted skills training
program, which forms part of the approved minimum Academic Standards in the various degree
program for all the Nigerian Universities. It is funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria and
jointly co-ordinate by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and the National Universities
Commission (NUC).
It is also designed to expose and prepare students at Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of
Technology, Colleges of Agriculture and Colleges of Education for the industrial work situation
they are likely to meet after graduation. The scheme also affords students the opportunity of
familiarizing and exposing themselves to the needed experience in handling equipment and
machinery that are usually not available in their Institutions. Before the establishment of the
scheme, there was a growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of our Institutions
of higher learning lacked adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment in
Industries. Thus, the employers believed the theoretical education going on in higher institutions
was not responsive to the needs of the employers of labor. It is against this background that the
rationale for initiating and designing the scheme by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) during its
formative years – 1973/74 was introduced to acquaint students with the skills of handling
employers’ equipment and machinery. The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative
years. But as the financial involvement became unbearable to the Fund, it withdrew from the
Scheme in 1978. The Federal Government handed over the scheme in 1979 to both the National
Universities Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE). Later
the Federal Government in November 1984 revert the management and implementation of the
SIWES Programmed to ITF and it was effectively taken over by the Industrial Training Fund in
July 1985 with the funding being solely borne by the Federal Government (SA'AD, 2018).
1.2 Why SIWES?
SIWES (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme) is a program established in Nigeria to
address the issue of lack of adequate practical skills among graduates of tertiary institutions
preparing for employment in industries. The programs aims to provide students with industrial-
based skills necessary for a smooth transition from the classroom to the world of work. Through
SIWES students are exposed to handling machinery and equipment that may not be available in
their educational institutions, thereby making them more employable and better prepared for the
job market. Overall, SIWES helps bridge the gap between theory and practice, ensuring that
graduates have the necessary skills and knowledge required by employers.
It provides students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real life
situations.
It strengthens links between the employers, universities, and industrial training fund (ITF).
It also prepares the students for the labor market after graduation (Hameed, 2019).
It helps in increasing self-confidence and identifying their own proficiency.
The industrial training program improves students’ awareness in single technology.
The learners can obtain hands-on experience and know the real job scenario
It cultivates the leadership ability of the students and gives them the responsibility to execute and
perform the given task (NIMS, 2018).
2. CHAPTER TWO: NATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AGENCY (NITDA)
2.1 Introduction
The National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) is a public service
institute that implements the ICT policy of the Federal Ministry of Communication and Digital
Economy. NITDA is responsible for developing IT standards, guidelines, and framework for
Nigeria.
NITDA was created in April 2001 to policy and co-ordinate general IT development in the
country. National Information Technology Development Act (2007) mandate us to create a
framework for planning, research, development, monitoring, evaluation, and regulation of
Information Technology practices, activities and systems in Nigeria.
NITDA role therefore is to develop, regulate and advice on Information technology in the
country through regulatory standards, guidelines and policies. Additionally, NITDA is the
clearing house for all IT projects and infrastructural development in the country. It is the prime
agency for e-government implementation, internet governance and General IT development in
Nigeria.
NITDA is poised to actualize its mammoth mandate through strategic and inclusive stakeholder
management, local and international partnership and efficient utilization of resources in the
interest of Nigeria.
It plays advisory role in copyright law in tandem with the applicable laws by verification and
revision of software and technology acquisition. Majority of these activities are achieved through
organization of workshops which cater for training needs of her staff government functionaries
and education sectors.
Originating from research focused on time-sharing of computer resources and packet switching
in the 1960s, the Internet has its roots in projects funded by the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA). Its primary function is to provide a robust and versatile
communications infrastructure, ensuring seamless data transmission irrespective of the device or
location.
To access the Internet, users typically connect their devices to the network via physical cables,
wireless connections, or networking technologies like Local Area Networks (LAN),
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN). This connection allows
users to engage with various aspects of the Internet, including the World Wide Web, which is a
network of computers and servers connected through the Internet.
Web browsers serve as essential tools for accessing and viewing websites hosted on the Internet.
While browsers allow users to interact with content displayed on websites, it is crucial to
understand that the browser itself is not the Internet. Rather, it functions as a gateway to access
and visualize the wealth of information available on the Internet.
internet.
2. Router: A router is used to distribute the internet connection throughout your network. It
directs traffic between your devices and the modem, ensuring that each device gets the
necessary bandwidth.
3. Ethernet Cables: Ethernet cables are used to physically connect your devices to the router
or modem. They are available in varying lengths and categories depending on the speed
and distance required.
e. Email Clients: Although not strictly necessary since web versions of email
platforms exist, standalone email client software like Microsoft Outlook,
Thunderbird, or Apple Mail can provide more efficient management of emails
offline and improved integration with calendar and contact functionalities.
MIcrosoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet program that is part of the Microsoft Office Suite,
including Word, PowerPoint, and others. It is used for managing, organizing, and analyzing
data in tabular format through rows and columns. Each intersection of a row and a column
creates a cell, identified by a unique cell reference (address). Excel offers several features,
such as built-in functions, formulas, conditional formatting, data validation, pivot tables, and
charting capabilities. Users can manipulate data, automate repetitive tasks using Macros,
collaborate, share files, and access them online via OneDrive. With extensive tutorials and
resources available, learning Excel enhances productivity and efficiency in personal and
professional settings.
3.4 Camera
3.4.1 Introduction
A camera is a device used to capture and store images, either digitally or chemically, by
controlling the amount of light that reaches a light-sensitive surface. At its core, a camera is
composed of a light-tight box, a glass lens to focus the light, and a light-sensitive surface, such as
film or a digital sensor, within the box to capture the image created by the light. Modern cameras
come in various forms and serve different purposes, including single-lens reflex (SLR), large-
format and medium-format cameras, compact cameras, rangefinder cameras, motion picture
cameras, and digital cameras. With advancements in technology, particularly in smartphones, the
line between dedicated cameras and multifunctional devices has become increasingly blurred.In
1685, Johann Zahn proposed a design for what would become the handheld reflex camera,
although it was not physically built until 1816 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. Niépce’s prototype
laid the foundation for the development of the first photographic camera, which he created
around 1826 using silver chloride-lined paper to make photographic images.Digital photography
started gaining traction in the late 20 th century, with Steven Sasson building the first digital
camera at Eastman Kodak in 1975. Since then, digital cameras and camera phones have
continued evolving, offering increasingly sophisticated features while maintaining ease of use
and accessibility.
3.4.4 Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is a highly popular and powerful raster graphics editor developed and
published by Adobe Inc., mainly for Windows and macOS platforms. First introduced in 1988 by
Thomas and John Knoll, Photoshop quickly became the de facto standard for professional digital
art and image manipulation. Its versatile layer-based editing system facilitates various visual
creations and modifications, supporting multiple overlays and adjustments. With its extensive
range of features, Photoshop handles not only raster images but also offers limited editing
capabilities for text, vector graphics, 3D graphics, and videos. Users can expand its
functionalities via third-party plugins.
i. Hardware
ii. Software
It is the software that enables the hardware to be put into effective use; i. e the software that makes the
computer versatile. There are two main categories of software – System software and Application
software.
i. System software are programs commonly written by computer manufacturers, which have
direct effect on the control, performance and ease of usage of the computer system.
Examples are Operating System, Language Translators, and System Utilities Programs.
ii. Application software are programs written by a user to solve his/her own application problem. They
do not have any effect on the efficiency of the computer system. An example is a program to calculate the
grade point average of all the 100L students. Application software can be divided into two namely:
Application Package and User’s Application Program. When application programs are written in a
very generalized and standardized nature such that they can be adopted by several different organizations
or persons to solve similar problem, they are called Application Packages. There are a few micro-
computer-based packages. These include word processors (such as MS-word, WordPerfect, WordStar);
Database packages (such as Oracle, MS-access, Sybase, SQL Server, and Informix); Spreadsheet
packages (such as Lotus 1-2-3 and MS-Excel); Graphic packages (such as CorelDraw, Fireworks,
Photoshop etc.), and Statistical packages (such as SPSS). User’s Application Program is a program
written by the user to solve specific problem which is not generalized in nature. Examples include writing
a program to find the roots of quadratic equation, payroll application program, and program to compute
students’ results (Babatunde, 2019).
The human ware component refers to the person that uses the computer. More specifically, it is about the
individual that makes hardware and software components productive. Typically, a great deal of testing is
done on software packages and hardware parts to ensure they enhance the end-user experience to aid in
creating documents, musical and video recordings, and all forms of raw and finished data (Alfred, 2021).
CPU sockets (or CPU slots) in which one or more microprocessors may be installed. In the case of
CPUs in ball grid array packages, such as the VIA Nano and the Goldmont Plus, the CPU is directly
soldered to the motherboard.
Memory slots into which the system's main memory is to be installed, typically in the form
of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips can be DDR3, DDR4 or DDR5.
The chipset which forms an interface between the CPU, main memory, and peripheral buses
Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the
system's firmware or BIOS
The clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components
Slots for expansion cards (the interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)
Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it
to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards. As of 2007, some graphics
cards (e.g. GeForce 8 and Radeon R600) require more power than the motherboard can provide,
and thus dedicated connectors have been introduced to attach them directly to the power supply.
Connectors for hard disk drives, optical disc drives, or solid-state drives,
typically SATA and NVMe now.
To be honest, I haven’t faced any problem while during my SIWES program at NITDA.
Everything was going really well.
5.3 Recommendations
Based on the experience and knowledge acquired at the course of the SIWES training, I hereby
give the following recommendation based on my observations.
1. Proper orientation should be given to the students by the institute and universities before they
go on SIWES at least before mid-semester break of first semester.
2. I recommend that substantial percent of the National budget should go into the development,
improvement and sustenance of the power sector. Doing this would help improve Electricity
production and in turn improve development and industrialization and subsequently, the income
the country generates.
3. Student should avoid prioritizing money over work and experience and should develop a good
attitude, good work ethics.
4. Institution and ITF should ensure that students are attached at relevant establishment for
effective training, experience and exposure related to their course of study in the school.
i
REFRENCE
i
1. History of nitda
https://en.m.wikpedia.org
2. https://swiftreporters.com/nitda-dg-vows-to-revive-informatics-kazaure/..
Swiftreporters.com
3. Nitda bagroud
https://nitda.gov.ng
4. Mattewreport
www.resaerchgate.net
5. https://blackboxai.com