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operaciuli sistema(OS) marTavs kompiuteris praqtikulad yvela funqcias. am TavSi Tqven
gaecnobiT operaciul sistema Windows 2000 da Windows XP-Tan dakavSirebul komponentebs,
funqciebs da terminologiebs.
operaciuli sistemebis exlandel bazarze yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli operaciuli sistemebi iyofian
sam jgufad: Microsoft Windows, Apple MAC, OS da UNIX/Linux.
Microsoft Windows
drevandel dRes yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli operaciuli sistemaa Windows. samagido aris
Microsoft Windows-is Semdegi versiebi:
Apple Mac OS
Apples kompiuterebi aris dapatentebuli da maTze yendeba operaciuli sistema Mac OS. Mac OS
aris operaciuli sistema, momxmareblisTvis sasiamovno grafikul samomxmareblo
interfeisiT(GUI). Mac OS-is mimdinare versiebi mocemul momentSi emyareba UNIX-is
dayenebul versias.
UNIX/Linux
UNIX, romelic 60-iani wlebis bolos gamoCnda, aris erTerTi uZvelesi operaciuli sistema.
amJamad arsebobs UNIX-is uamravi sxvadasxva versia. erTerTi bolo aris gansakuTrebiT
popularuli OS Linux. is SeimuSava linus torvaldsma 1991 wels. da warmoadgens operaciul
sistemas Ria kodiT(Open-source). nebismier momxmarebels SeuZlia ufasod daayenos,
gaavrcelos da Secvalos programis kodi Ria kodiT, maTi gavrceleba bevrad iafia, vidre sxva
operaciuli sistemebis.
magaliTad, klientis kompiuterebi SesaZloa iyvnen CarTuli Windows-is qselSi, dam mas unda,
rom am qselSi daamatos sxva kompiuterebi. mocemul SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia rekomendacia
gaewios axal kompiuterebze OS Windows-is dayenebas. Tu klients jer kidev ara aqvs
kompiuteruli arWurviloba, maSin arsebuli platformis operaciuli sistemebis arCevani
farTovdeba. imisaTvis, rom rekomendacia gavuwioT operaciul sistemas, aucilebelia gavarkvioT
biujetis raodenoba, gavigoT rogori saxiT moxdeba kompiuteris gamoyeneba, da ganvsazRvroT
rogri tipis programebi dayendeba masze.
5.3.2 aparaturuli uzrunvelyofis minimaluri moTxovnebi da operaciuli sistemis
platformasTan Tavsebadobis gansazRvra.
minimaluri
aparaturuli Windows 2000 Windows XP Pro Windows XP Home
moTxovnebi
minimaluri: pentium 133 Mhz minimaluri: minimaluri:
233 MHz sixSiris(erTi an ori 233 MHz sixSiris(erTi an ori
procesori) procesori)
rekomendirebulia: rekomendirebulia:
procesori 300 Mhz an meti procesori 300 Mhz an meti
CPU sixSiris. sixSiris.
Intel Intel
Pentium/Celeron Family Pentium/Celeron Femily
AMD AMD
K6/Athlon/Duron Femily k6/Athlon/Duron Femily
an Tavsebadi an Tavsebadi
minimaluri: minimaluri: minimaluri:
64 MB 64 MB 64 MB
RAM
rekomendirebuli: 128 MB da rekomendirebulia: rekomendirebulia:
meti 128 MB an meti 128 MB an meti
minimaluri: minimaluri: minimaluri:
2GB, ara nakleb 650 MB 1.5 GB Tavisufali diskuri sivrce 1.5 GB Tavisufali diskuri sivrce
Tavisufali diskuri sivrce qselSi CarTvis SemTxvevaSi qselSi CarTvis SemTxvevaSi
HDD
rekomendirebulia: rekomendirebulia rekomendirebulia
6.4 GB, 2 GB Tavisufali adgili meti Tavisufali adgili. meti Tavisufali adgili.
gaarkvieT, rogori aparatura aqvs klients. Tuki operaciuli sistemis minimaluri moTxovnebis
dasakmayofileblad saWiroa aparaturis modernizacia, gaaanalizeT xarjebi da gansazRvreT
moqmedebis saukeTeso gegma. zogierT SemTxvevaSi klientisaTvis axali kompiuteris yidva ufro
mosaxerxebelia, vidre arsebuli sistemis remonti. sxva SemTxvebSi SesaZloa ufro moxerxebuli
iyos qvemoT CamoTvlili komponentebidan romelimes ufro TanamedroveTi Secvla:
RAM;
myari diski(Hard disk drive);
CPU;
video karta(Video adapter card).
Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Windows Update
Device Manager-is fanjaraSi gamafrTxilebeli niSnebs aqvT yviTeli Zaxilis niSnis”!” an witeli X-
is forma. yviTeli Zaxilis niSnis arseboba niSnavs aparaturasTan dakavSirebul problemas.
problemaTa CamonaTvalis sanaxavad marjvena klaviSi daawkapeT mowyobilobis
piqtogramaze da konteqsturi meniudan airCieT Properties. wiTeli X aRniSnavs, rom
mowyobiloba gaTiSulia. mis CasarTavad marjvena klaviSiT daawkapeT mowyobilobis
piqtogramaze da konteqsturi meniudan airCieT Enable. Kategoriebis CamosaSlelad daawkapeT
“+“ niSans.
mas Semdeg, rac aRmoaCens disks operaciuli sistemiT, BIOS poulobs mTavar CamtvirTav
kods__ Master Boot Record (MBR). MBR ipovis operaciuli sistemis CamtvirTvels(Operating
System Boot Loader). Operaciuli sistema Windows XP-is CamtvirTvels NT Loader (NTLDR)
ewodeba.
NT Kernel
mocemul etapze procesSi erTveba NT Kernel. operaciuli sistema Windows-is safuZveli(birTvi).
am fails ewodeba NTOSKRNL.EXE. is uSvebs saregistracio fails WINLOGON.EXE da ekranze
gamoitans misalmebis fanjaras(XP Welcome Screen).
ATTRIB/?
SeniSvna. imisaTvis rom vnaxoT failis Tvisebebi Windows Explorer-is fanjaraSi, Tavidan
Windows Explorer-Si aucilebelia gamovaCinoT damaluli failebi. SeasruleT Semdegi
moqmedebebi:
mausis marjvena klaviSiT daawkapeT brZanebaze Start > Explore > Tools > Folder Options >
View
NTFS da FAT32
Windows XP da Windows 2000-Si gamoiyeneba failuri sistemebi FAT32da NTFS. am or failur
sistemas Soris mTavari gansxvaveba mdgomareobs usafrTxoebis realizaciaSi. NTFS-s SeuZlia
ufro meti raodenobis da didi moculobis failebis mxardaWera FAT32-sagan gansxvavebiT, aseve
uzrunvelyofs failebis da saqaRaldeebis moxerxebul dacvas. suraTebze naCvenebia failTa
gafarToebis Tvisebebi NTFS da FAT32-is sistemis failebisaTvis.
ganayofis gardaqmna SeiZleba FAT32-dan NTFS_Si utilita CONVERT.EXE daxmarebiT. aseTi
saxiT SeiZleba NTFS-s usafrTxoebis damatebiTi upiratesobebis realizeba. NTFS danayofis
ukanve FAT32danayofad aRsadgenad daaformateT danayofi da aRadgineT monacemebi
sarezervo aslis saSualebiT.
brZanebebis gaSveba
Start > Control Panel > Display > Settings tab > Advanced
Start > Control Panel > System > Hardware > Device Manager > View > Resources
Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Event Viewer
daSorebuli samuSao magida Remote Desktop
gamoyenebiTi programa Remote Desktop uzrunvelyofs erTi kompiuteridan meore kompiuteris
daSorebul marTvas. gaumarTaobebis aRmosafxvreli es programa gvxvdeba mxolod Windows
XP Professional-Si. Remote Desktop fanjris ekranze gamosatanad SeasruleT Semdegi
moqmedebebi:
Start > All Programs > Accessories > Communications > Remote Desktop Connection
Start > Control Panel > System > Advanced > Performance area > Settings button
5.5.4 programis dayeneba, gadatana da waSla
teqnikuri specialistis rangSi Tqven mogiwevT klientis kompiuterSi programebis damateba an
waSla(Adding and Removing software). programebis umravlesobisaTvis gamoiyeneba
avtomaturi dayenebis procesi, rodesac Tqven aTavsebT Sesabamis kompaqt-disks CD-ROM-Si.
dayenebis procesSi xdeba damxmare programis(Add or Remove Programs) ganaxleba.
momxmarebelma unda isargeblos dayenebis ostatiT(wizard) da, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi,
miuTiTos esa Tu is monacemebi.
SeniSvna. Windows XP-s dayenebis ostati Windows XP Setup Wizard SeiZleba avtomaturad
gaeSvas diskwamyvanSi kompaqt-diskis Cadebis Semdeg.
Windows-Si aris Semdegi utilitebi, romlebic inicireben amocanebis Sesrulebas dagegmil dros:
Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Disk Defragmenter
ganaxlebis win an operaciuli sistemis Secvlisas teqnikurma specialistma yovelTvis unda Seqmnas
aRdgenis wertili. aRdgenis wertilis Seqmna aseve sasurvelia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > System Restore
ERD da ASR
Windows 2000-Si aris avariuli aRdgenis diskis(Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)) Seqmnis
SesaZlebloba, romelSic inaxeba kritikulad mniSvnelovani CamtvirTavi failebi da konfiguraciis
monacemebi, romelic aucilebelia windows-Si problemebis aRmosafxvrelad. Windows xp-Si igive
funqciebs asrulebs sistemis avtomaturi aRdgenis ostati(Automated System Recovery
(ASR)wizard). miuxedavad imisa, rom ERD da ASR arian gaumarTaobebis aRmofxvris
mniSvnelovani saSualebebi, maT ar SeuZliaT Secvalon kargi sarezervo asli(Backup).
aRdgenis wertili
Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Backup