Internasional 2
Internasional 2
1. Introduction
The rapid development of economy in Indonesia raises many problems for the pavement in this
country. The unpredictable weather causes the existing road pavement is getting worse. The ability of
the road pavement has to a sufficient thickness to accommodate the stresses of loading on the surface,
in order to protecting the subgrade from damage. Therefore, the design of the asphalt mix is very
important in ensuring an effective asphalt mixture that can overcome the possible damage effect of
loads. In fact, there are many areas in Indonesia that have not received road infrastructure facilities,
especially in Aceh. Materials are increasingly scarce so that prices are increasing, construction
equipment and the range of procurement are obstacles in realizing the need for proper road
construction. meet the quality standards by the Technical Specifications of Bina Marga 2018.
Innovation is needed to find alternative materials that can be used to increase the effectiveness of cost.
Some research and scientists have previously conducted research with utilization of used PVC, besides
overcoming the problem of environmental pollution is also expected to be an alternative material for
asphalt concrete mixture. In this case it allows of additional materials (additives) and substitute
materials in hot asphalt mixture which is expected to provide more strength for a road surface layer.
One of the used materials that are widely found in nature is plastic waste, there are many types of
plastic in the market including polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC plastic is widely used, especially in the
construction sector, such as pipes, wallpapers, floors, windows, etc., which is one of the used items
used in the asphalt mixture. The addition of PVC plastic to the asphalt mixture is expected to improve
the quality of the mixture. Referring to the description above, the purpose of this study is to determine
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
the effect of the use of PVC on the marshall parameters of the asphalt concrete wearing course (AC-
WC) mixture.
The greater percent of PVC in asphalt mixing, it will be higher the Marshall quotient (MQ) value.
The range of MQ values from 223.65 kg / mm to 394.74 kg / mm. The presence of plastic in the AC-
BC asphalt mixture can improve the road construction's ability to accept loads, but the construction is
still flexible [1]. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is made by polymerizing an emulsion or suspension in the
form of a porous powder [2]. The types of plastics that are widely used include Low Density
Polyethylene (LDPE), High Density Polyethilene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and Polyvinyl
Chloride (PVC) [3]. PVC is included in the thermoplastic polymer type, which is a substance that
loses its shape when heated and becomes rigid again when cooled [4]. PVC is in the form of white
powder or colored granules, resistant to climate change and humidity.
Visually, the colour of rice husk ash is grey with a smooth, dense, and round grain shape [5]. Based
on its chemical composition, rice husk ash can be used as a filler in concrete Asphalt mixture because
the chemical composition of rice husk ash is the same as silica fume [6]. The chemical composition of
rice husk ash can be seen in Table 1.
2. Research method
The stages of this research are the preparation stage, the making of specimen and the testing stage.
This research was conducted at the Highway Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah
Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The materials for making specimen are aggregate, asphalt Pen 60/70,
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and filler from rice husk ash which passed sieve no.200.This research refers
to the specifications of Bina marga 2018, with using of PVC as a material additive mixture with
asphalt which is into three variations, the variations are 3%, 4% and 6% and each variation consists of
3 specimens.
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
The principle of this method is to determine the selected aggregate gradation and then count the
number of grains that escape and are retained according to the predetermined specifications in order to
obtain the composition of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler. The estimated design asphalt
content can be obtained from the Equation 1.
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
Marshall test is carried out to determine the resistance (stability) to plastic fatigue (flow) of the
asphalt mixture. This test was conducted at the Transportation Laboratory of the Faculty of
Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The equipment used is a complete marshall test,
dial stability and flow, water bath, thermometer, callipers and scales.
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
Figure 1. Graph of
optimum asphalt
content of 3%
variation
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
Figure 2. Graph
of optimum
asphalt content of
4% variation
Figure 3. Graph of
optimum asphalt
content for 6% variation
To analyze the relationship between asphalt content and Marshall parameters, regression analysis
was used. Regression analysis used in accordance with the form of data distribution or scatter
diagrams that form a curved or straight line (linear). In this case, non-linear (polynomial) regression is
considered the most suitable for data distribution in this research. The second order polynomial
equation is the result of calculating the relationship between variations of PVC and Asphalt Pen 60/70
can be seen in Table 9 and Table 10.
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
Table 10. Polynomial Equations in the Relationship of PVC and Asphalt in 24 hours
Parameters Polynomial equation 2nd orde R2
Stabilitas y = -5.7955x2 + 66.64x + 1075.5 R² = 0.94
Flow y = -0.0125x2 - 0.2211x + 4.63 R² = 0.98
VIM y = 0.0516x2 + 0.3556x + 1.9416 R² = 0.99
VMA y = 0.046x2 + 0.0727x + 15.119 R² = 0.95
Density y = -0.0013x2 - 0.0054x + 2.3997 R² = 0.99
VFB y = -0.1593x2 - 2.7139x + 87.494 R² = 0.98
MQ y = 3.1645x2 + 14.677x + 242.96 R² = 0.97
Based on the results obtained from data processing and test results in the form of a mixture of PVC
and asphalt, it can be seen the comparison of each mixture. This discussion is about how the effect of
using PVC as an additive in the asphalt concrete wearing course characteristics. The results of the
calculation and the overall characteristic value of the Marshall parameter in terms of the optimum
asphalt content and each variation in graphical form.
Based on the optimum asphalt content of each treatment with 3 variations were made, durability is
obtained from the comparison between normal stability and immersion stability for 24 hours. The
recapitulation results of the durability value can be seen in Table 11.
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
at a higher level of 6% may be caused by high levels of PVC in a mixture resulting in a high cavity
value because it is added by the presence of mixed rice husk ash filler resulting in a high cavity value.
4. Conclusions
The conclusions that can be given from the results of the research on the effect of using PVC as an
additive to the mixture of asphalt concrete wearing course are as follows:
1. The results of the marshall characteristic values generated from the Marshall test are the values of
stability, density, flow, VIM, VMA, VFA, and MQ. The KAO value was obtained by making 45
specimens for middle asphalt content and carrying out the Marshall test. This research refers to
the specifications of Bina Marga 2018.
2. Comparison of PVC and pen asphalt 60/70 in each specimen for 3 different variations, namely
3% PVC variation, 4% and 6% PVC variation. The results of the examination of the 3% PVC
variation showed that the KAO value that met the specifications of Bina Marga 2018 was 6.5%,
for 4% variation was 5.8% and the 6% PVC variation obtained the KAO value that fulfilled was
6%.
3. Marshall testing of the two variations shows the comparison that the 3% variation, 4% variation
and 6% 30 minute immersion PVC meets the requirements, except that the flow value in the 3%
variation of PVC is 4.23 mm. This does not meet the 2018 Bina Marga Specifications. The flow
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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832 (2021) 012030 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012030
value obtained is quite high, this indicates that the mixture is plastic, so it is better able to follow
changes that occur due to load
4. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the more the addition of PVC shows the
stability value is decrease and the value of flow more increase. The durability value of the AC-
WC layer, a mixture of PVC and asphalt in the three variations, fulfills the requirements set forth
by Bina Marga 2018, namely ≥ 90%.
References
[1] Saifuddin 2015 Pengaruh Plastik PVC Sebagai Subsjtosi Aspal Pen. 60/70 Pada Camporan
Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) (Banda Aceh: Universitas Syiah Kuala)
[2] Mashuri dan Batti 2011 Pemanfaatan Material Limbah Pada Campuran Beton Aspal Campuran
Panas MEKTEK 13(3)
[3] Zulfiani 2012 Studi Karakteristik Campuran Aspal Beton (AC-BC) Terhadap Pengaruh Plastik
Sebagai Bahan Subsitusi Aspal (Yogyakarta: Biro Penerbit Teknik Sipil)
[4] Umam 2009 Pengaruh Penambahan Plasticizer Diocthyl Phtalate (DOP) Terhadap Mampu Alir
Dan Sifat Mekanik Resin Polivinil Klorida PVC (Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia) 111 – 120
[5] Veranita and Rinaldi 2019 Durabilitas Campuran Aspal Beton Menggunakan Abu Sabut Kelapa
dan Abu Sekam Padi Sebagai Pengganti Filler Struktur Material, Manajemen, Rekayasa
Konstruksi 1 211 – 219
[6] Akbar S J 2012 Stabilitas Lapis Aspal Beton AC-WC Menggunakan Abu Sekam Padi (Aceh:
Universitas Malikussaleh)
[7] Departemen Pekerjaan Umum 2018 Ketentuan Agregat Kasar dan Agregat Halus (Jakarta:
Departemen Pekerjaan Umum)
[8] Sukirman S 2003 Beton Campuran Aspal Panas (Bandung: Granit)