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National Geographic Little Kids First Big - Kathleen Zoehfeld
National Geographic Little Kids First Big - Kathleen Zoehfeld
THREE
EARTH AND
INTRODUCTION 6 SPACE 66
HOW TO USE THIS PLANET
CHAPTER ONE 7
BOOK CHAPTER FIVE
CHAPTER TWO EARTH 68
WHAT IS ROCKY GREAT
SCIENCE? 8 LIFE SCIENCE 26 WORLD 70 INVENTIONS
CHAPTER
ASKING ALL LIVING TRY THIS! 72 PARENT TIPS
TRY, TRY
FOUR
QUESTIONS10 THINGS 28 DIGGING UP GLOSSARY
AGAIN
YOUR SENSES12 THE HUMAN THE PAST 74
PHYSICAL ADDITIONAL
TYPES OF
FINDING BODY 30 VOLCANOES
SCIENCE 78
96 RESOURCES
ENGINEER
ANSWERS 14 ALL ABOUT
FURRY EARTHQUAKE
EVERYTHING INDEX
PROBLEM-
KEEPING A ANIMALS
ANIMALS 34
52 POWER 80
IS MATTER98 CREDITS
SOLVING
JOURNAL 16 THE
TRY INSECT
THIS! 55 DEEPAND
MIX BLUESTIR
SHARING WORLD
PLANTING 36 OCEAN
MOVING 100 82
WHAT YOU TRY THIS!
SEEDS 39
56 WATCHING
FORCES 104
LEARN 18 CRITTERS
TRY THIS! 57 THE
VES OF
POP-UP FACTS
I n these pages, young readers get an exciting
tour of the main branches of
Colorful PHOTOGRAPHS
sprinkled
illustrate science and scientists in
science. e questions scientists ask are much action on each spread. throughout pro
like the questions
CHAPTER children
ONE provides anask
astronomers learning additional
every day. is book shows kids how information ab
introduction to science about
and theother
scientists go about finding answers.
planets, oceanographers main text.
scientific process. A simple example
Activities sprinkled throughout
diving encourage
into
shows kids that they already think
readers to keep a science journal
the sea, and
and geologists
like scientists as they observe their
CHAPTER TWO focuses on the
begin some science experiments of their own.
delving
world, ask questions, come up with into
life sciences. Readers see biologists,
hypotheses, and look for
botanists, and zoologists
mysteries
answers.deep inside the
at work, FIVE takes a
FACT BOXES help young readers QU
Interactive
CHAPTER
Earth. learn the names of the main branches
in each
observing Earth’s amazing variety
look at
of science, the types of scientists who
chapter encour
of animals and plants.
how engineers use
CHAPTER FOUR is about work in those fields, and what aspects
MORE FOR PARENTS conversation
in the back of
knowledge from all
the of the world they study.related to the m
CHAPTER THREE explores branches of science to offers parent tips that
material world that kids topics.
ll f l hl f bl include fun activities that encourage k
This chapter introduces you to the
scientists observe and
think about the world and how th
about finding answers.
WILL
it RAIN
Science is a special way of learning about the TODAY?
world. If you wonder about the world and ask
WHAT
a lot of questions, you are already thinking like a
does my
scientist! Some questions are easy to answer.
KITTEN ca
Others need
are hard. But science can help answer almost
to any
HELP
HOW C
question you ask. HIM
FAR AWAY FA
is the GROW?
MOON?
HOW
can this LITTLE
SEED GROW
into a great BIG
You
use your
EYES to
You
SEE. use your
You begin learning when you use HANDS to
your senses. You use these senses TOUCH.
every day. Scientists call this kind
of learning “observation.”
The
of le
When you do your
w
own experiments, NO
you can write notes su
or draw pictures in ca
a science journal, CON
too. at way you contr
can show others par
what you did and expe
what you learned.
tha
Something UNCH
that CAN BE
CHANGED in an MEAS
experiment (such
C
as how much sugar
you use) is called a
SALT
Other scientists may co
with different
When your experiment is done, it’s hypotheses. One perso
fun to share your new knowledge. think salt will
If one of your friends doesn’t believe make lemonade sweete
that adding sugar made the lemonade Another may want to
Inher
taste so delicious, you can show try honey. If you do an
HONEY
SCIENCE All the
your experiment. She can also do , a experiment and your
weights and other
Other friends can
the experiment try the
herself. IfHYPOTHESIS
she gets hypothesis turns out to
thatyour
has been tested MEASUREMENTS
experiment, too.it means
the same result, e more wrong, don’t
and accepted is a scientist WRITES
people whoistry
hypothesis your experiment
probably right. worry! at just means
called a DOWN while doing an
and tell you that the sugar made learned
THEORY. experiment are
the lemonade sweeter, something important:
called DATA.
the more certain discovered
you can be about one thing that doesn’t w
your hypothesis
The world is a very big place, filled
with many interesting things to ZOOLOGIST
do and amazing places to explore.
It takes a lot of different kinds of
scientists to study all the different AST
VOLCANOLOGIST METEOROLOGIST
parts of the natural world. Here are
just a few. So
CHEMIST SCIEN
work i
a
some EX
If you could spend a day dang
with one of places
learn
these scientists who
PALEONTOLOGY
MALACOLOGY
SEISMOLOGY ICHTHYO
CLIMATOLOGY HER
Think of science as a tree. Imagine that VOLCANOLOGY
science is the trunk of the tree. e tree’s METEOROLOGY ENTOMOLOGY OR
branches represent the many kinds of
OCEANOGRAPHY BOTANY M
science thatmain
One of the exist.branches of
the tree is for all living things: GEOLOGY ZOOLOGY
AGRICULTURE
BIOLOGY. Coming from ASTRONOMY
MEDICA
that is a branch that deals ECOLOGY SCIENC
with animals: ZOOLOGY. EARTH AND CHE
Off of that branch are smaller SPACE SCIENCE BIOLOGY
For example, there is a branch for ENGINEERING P
branches that represent the
insects, and another for birds. Each of PHYSICAL
different animal sciences.
these branches of science has a name, such SCIENCE
as entomology for insects and ornithology SCIENCE
for birds. You’ll discover what the other
d h b k
Veterinarians
TAKE CARE of
Scientific all kinds of animals,
knowledge from DOGS and
makes it CATS to BIRDS
possible to flyand HORSES.
in spaceships, drive
cars, talk on the phone,
play video games, use a
computer, keep animals and VETER
people safe and healthy, grow
The
Anyone can
good food, and much more.
space shuttle
DISCOVERY scientist and
TADPOLE
A TADPOLE
Do you ever wonder what kinds of animals live is a BABY FROG. NET
under rocks? As it becomes
If you peek underneath one, you might see insects an adult frog, it
and worms, GROWS LEGS
and maybe even a for HOPPING
salamander.
Can on
you name three ways yo
land.
FACTS
Salamanders are
HERPETOLOGY
different from when you wer
amphibians. (herp-eh-TOL-uh- baby?
Herpetologists have discovered that m
jee) theDuring the a
kinds of amphibians take in air through
sunny part of science of reptiles
skin. Amphibians need to keep their AM
sk
and the day,
amphibians—a in order to breathe. at’s one clue that
salamanders
branch of like to
help you figure out the best places to lo
TREE FROG
zoology salamanders and other amphibians.
hide in dark
The
Snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles
EMERALD
are reptiles. Reptiles breathe air
TREE BOA live in
using their lungs. Amphibians have
treetops in South American
jellylike eggs that must stay wet. rain forests. Adults are
Reptile eggs
Reptiles have
don’t tough,
need leathery
to stay close EMERALD GREEN,
shells and
to water. do not need to be
ey live on dry landwet. while the babies, like this
most of their lives. Herpetologists one, are ORANGE or
find reptiles in all kinds of places—in BRICK RED
TURTLES FL
trees, in burrows, near swamps and in color.
have skeletons LIZ
rivers, and even gliding through the air!
NILE CROCODILE inside their bodies. doesn
They also have a
The NILE
CROCODILE SHELLS on the Instea
outside to help ou
can WEIGH
PROTECT folded
as much as a skin
them.
PIANO. PAINTEDare su
TURT
by i
It us
Early in the morning, you hear a bird singing
outside. Cheer-up, cheerily,
cheer-up. What kind is it? You grab a pair of
binoculars. Following the FACTS
sound, ROBIN
ORNITHOLOGY
you spot the bird in a tree. It’s a robin. e KING BIRD OF There are
(or-nih-THAH- PARADISE
next time you hear that 39 different
luh-jee)
song, you’ll know what kind of bird is nearby.
the science of Ornithologists
SPECIES
of BIRDS OF GEN
birds—a observe birds
branch of PARADISE. PEN
the same way, using
zoology BINOCULARS
binoculars and spotting
ORNITHOLOGIST make faraway thi
scopes—and their ears!
a zoologist who look CLOSER
Around the world,
studies They help you
ornithologists have
birds OBSERVE anima
identified more than
BIRDS
AT A DISTANC
10,000 species of
without disturbi
Ornithologists do more than identify
Most birds
species and study birds’ songs and calls.
BUILD NESTS FEATHE
ey study what birds eat and how they Can you point out these bird body par
for their BEAK
raise their young. From season to season,
EGGS and LEGS
these scientists keep track of when and
RAISE THEIR WING
where birds migrate. And they give the
Some what kind of food to CHICKS HEAD
best advice about
there. TAIL
BIRDbird
use in your SPECIES
feeders!
live in one place all BLACK-
year. Others, like these NAPED BLUE
SNOW GEESE, FLYCATCHER
MIGRATE. They
move to warmer places
during the WINTER GREEN VIOLET-EAR
MONTHS. HUMMINGBIRD
Most
MAMMALS
GIVE BIRTH to live
ECHIDNA
young. But two kinds of
You can observemammals LAY EGGS:
your pet, just like ECHIDNA
the a and the
mammalogist would PLATYPUS. They
observe a mammal live
inin the
the wild
wild.
FACTS in Australia.
You can use a camera to get photos o
MAMMALOGY
your pet. Photos can help you record
(muh-MAH-luh-
Many people like to keep mammals as pets
jee) the changes from one day to the next.
because they are so cute and furry. A pet
science of
dog is a mammal. So is a cat or a hamster.
mammals—a
And so are you! branch of zoology
This big male
MOUNTAIN GORILLA
lives in a national park in Mammals come in many shapes and si
RWANDA. There are only the clues to
a few hundred of these name the different mammals.
ELEPHANT
animals left in the world.
Mammalogists have
MAMMALOGISTS
many
are looking for ways to
questions about
protect them.
mammals in Sharp claws and
With
teeth
its long
helpneck,Strong
this m
Like other zoologists, this mammal hunt.
canAreach
male yummy
has likeleave
te
the wild. Where do
mammalogists often
they prefer a mane of fur around
on its
theface.
highest this
branc
m
choose
to live? How do they
gnaw do
one kind of mammal to bui
grow?
to study
How do they find their
over a long period of
food? This mammal hasThissome mammal
bristly lives
Thisand
m
What wild animal
time. hairs on its body. It
hunts
also in
hasa group
the calledvery
longest nose of any animal.a pack. It ma
would you
Sometimes they even
ANSWERS: 1. lioh
live in
most like to study? giraffe 3 beave
i
SEEDS YOU’LL NEE
• a seed •s
are usually
formed Grow a Plant From a Seed• a flowerpot •w
INSIDE cup with a• sa
Plants don’t run and jump and FLOWER
play like hole in the b
a plant’s
animals do. But plants are living things, (to let extra
FLOWERS.
too.
water drain
Like all living things, they grow, and they
need water and oxygen. Green plants don’t
Fill your potPush the seed Cover
into the seedMo
have to eat the way we do, though. ey
with soil.soil, about 1/2 inch
with
deep.
soil.
make their own food, using energy from Place your pot on a sunny windowsill.
w
FACTS
the sun. Most plants slowly bend or move watch and wait! It will
a little bit, to keep BOTANY
their leaves in the sun. LEAF take a few days for your seed to sprout
Once your plant sprouts, you can use a
(BAH-tuh-nee) STEM
the your flowerpot each
science of plants—a measure
day and make sure the soil is moist.
branch of biology how much it grows each day. Be sure to
ROOTS
down
BOTANIST
your observations in your science jour
a biologist who studies
plants
WORMS live
in SOIL. They
help keep soil
HEALTHY STR
and
All living things need food,
MICROSCOPE good for growin
and all our food comes PLANTS.
from other living things. In
the wild, animals search for Some of our food comes from
rock gets very hot. In certain areas, there are the rumbli
inside
pockets of hot, partly
volcanoes.
melted rock called magma. e magma pushes
up through cracks
FACTS kinds
VOLCANOLOGY Und
of vibratio
in Earth’s crust, or outer layer. en, boom! It
(VAHL-kuh-NAH- waves, ho
Volcano erupting
explodes out to the
luh-
in Ecuador
surface. Hot gases and ash shoot
mean that
jee)into
the the air. Hot
science of
volcano mi
melted rock pours volcanoes—a M
VOLCANO erupt soon
out over the land. A volcano has branch
erupted.
Wh
of geology Volcanolog
MAGMA warn peop
VOLCANOLOGIST
liveLAVA
an earth scientist VO
nearby so t
who
i
FACTS
SEISMOLOGY
(size-MOL-uh-jee) In an earthquake, la
the science of sections of rock in
earthquakes—a Earth’s crust slip su
branch of geology In buildings near
RESCUE
WORKERS SEISMOLOGIST the earthquake, walls
ANSWER
microwa
Scientific knowledge helps engine
design and build new things.
In this chapter, you will see some o
world’s greatest inventions—
Over time,
inventors
Engineers use scientific knowledge to invent realized that
new things and to improve things that are the shape of
already invented. anks to engineers, we the wings
GREAT GRAY OWL
was the key to
have phones and cars, bikes and bridges.
We have lights andWINGS
clocks, boats and flying. Finally,
HEAT
or a solid? Have IS ALL ob
of the moon each
AROUND
night. If your child by
(CHEMISTRY)
her try to pour it
Extend your child’s experience
frombeyond
one bowl into becomes curious ou
Chemistry is You don’t ha
the pages of this book. A visit to a science
another. She can about why the de
all to set up spe
museum is one way to get children interested
poke it and tap change, moon is changing, m
about activities to
it. Roll some of it you can look for no
in different aspects of science. Your local
and science with
NATURE share them with
a book together at no
into
Oobleck
library is a good source for booksa ball in your we
of hands- children. Al
one
yourway
child WALK others. HOUSE OF
your local library. at
hands. Stopacts
sometimes and let you need is
on science experiments and activitieschange
that aare
crack (ECOLOGY) BLOCKS
the ball
like a liquid
sitsubstances
onand
your A pair of binoculars th
SHADOW that he is
age-appropriate actually
forcan mixchild.
your up someHere areraw aegg and MOON
ere’s nothing (ENGINEERING)
encourage th
or a telescope will le
palm
sometimes
for a moment.
like a questions.
PLAY
few ideas to get you
beam of Oobleck is every
blocking aoobleck.
started. slide SHAPES
quite as satisfying A setyour
give of toy blocks
child a w
Ask your
solid. If your
child
day child
is give them sp
(PHYSICS)light. See how many
humorously named it gently into as a nature(ASTRONOMY)
Ifwalk
you to
live is
inaan
good great
view tool
of the m
to describe
loves new science
what
through and time to
shadow shapes
for hegooey stuff
the the area
All you need is a Withwhere
get kids thinking it’syour
the right
for
moon’s
easychild to
craters. th
happens.
words you can tell observations and up with thei
can make. inAsk him
a Dr. Seuss book. cooking.
pan. to get outdoors,
flashlight and a opportunity,
like scientists. experiment
many with as
her that oobleck
Heating is questions. You own hypoth
if he can make
Put 1the
cup (250 Encourage
blank wall. Shine
a “non-Newtonian Whenever you you can
takechoose
children love
physical
gazing forces and ac
shape of a bird. up a to
frying can turn this fun or predictio
the beam of light at mL) of water
SOLID OR him watch a few
up
a walk together evenings
at the night
to figure
sky. out how as
fluid.” pan activity into a When they w
en encourage
in a large bowl. the for observing the
the wall and have
LIQUID? together
in your local
genuine scientific
to design and po
assistance, h
him to experiment.
your child put a
Slowly sprinkle in egg as it can moon. (Consult
park or nature build a more and
(CHEMISTRY)
Can he make2 a
cups (220 g) of be a endeavor by helping them becom
C
hand in front of the cooks. See lunar calendar
center, encourage moreto complex,
If you have a box th
rabbit? A dog? A of stirring good
cornstarch, time to
if he can
your child start a
know when the
beam Invite him to but stable
PREDATOR: an animal that
VIRUS:
hunts
anfor
extreme
and ea
animals nonliving infectiou
ABDOMEN: the hind partENERGY:
of an insect’s body; to
the ability the particle that can m
belly of a mammal move or to do work PREDICT: to use observations
personand
or evidence
animal s
what is going to happen
ARCTIC: the northernmost
GAS:
part of of
one thethe
world,
three main VOCAL CORDS: th
around the North Pole states of matter PROTONS: tiny particlesbands
that, together with
in your thro
neutrons, make up the center
that vibrate
of atoms
when y
ASTRONAUT: a person who
GERMS:
is specially trained to
tiny, one-celled your breath past
SMARTPHONE:
RAIN FOREST: a adense
cell phone with in
woodland a built-in
an area
travel in outer space MOLECULE:
living things twothatorcan infect
more them, producing th
CLIMATE: an area’s normal a weather,
person or measured
animal and over computer
gets a lot of rain of your voice
atoms linked together by
ATOM:
a long period of time—usually
the smallest particle
makeof 30 years
matter
them
a chemical
or more
that
sick
bond
still has
the same qualities and behaviors of the substance SOLAR
REEF: aSYSTEM: a star
ridge of rock WAVE:
orand the
coral inobjects
a that
a vibrating
shallow p
COMPUTER:
it came from; aatoms
machine HEAT:
that can
NEUTRONS:
are made uptostore
add
of and recall
energy
neutrons,
tiny to a
particles the ocean sound waves move
huge amounts
protons, of data, make
and electrons lightning-fast
substance, raising its SOLID: one of the three main states
through ofwater,
air, matte
that, together with
calculations, and spot patterns in data
temperature
protons, make up the center
SKELETON: the bones insidelight the bodies
waves of
travel
CHRYSALIS: the protective covering of a pupa as it STAR: a large, bright,
vertebrates—fish, round
amphibians, object
through in space
reptiles,
empty bird
spa
of atoms
DISSOLVE:
develops intoto a
mix a solidLIFE
butterfly CYCLE:
substance orthe
a gas intoof
series a up of hot, glowing gases, such as the sun
mammals
liquid substance
NUTRIENT:
changes thatan
a living
ingredient in WEATHER: the com
thing goes through as it is SUBSTANCE: the mattertemperature
from which any pa
wind
f df l
F Life science Parent(biology) 26–65
tips 122–s
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Farming 58–59, all 58–59living things
122–123 28–29, 28 p
BOOKS Boldface indicates
Control Field crickets 38–39 amphibians 44–4649
Penguins 9
Fish 42–43, 42–43,
G birds61, 35,8548–51, 61,
Physical 116s
science
A illustrations. If illustra-
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Boyer, Crispin. National Geographic
tions are37,
included Flowers103,
Gases 56, 103,
56 branches
124 of atoms
science99, 22–2
Abdomen 12417 within a
part) Tadp
to D the
page span,
Kids Why?: Over 1,111 Answers
Coral reefs 118,83, Flycatchers
Geese 50, 50(birds)
M ecosystems
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124 1
Aerospace engineering R 45
Everything. National Geographic
entire span Data
is 12515, 19
boldface. Flying lizards
Gentoo 47,
penguins 47
123
49 chemistry
Macaws 35 Rain forests Tast 20
Spid
118 83, 62,
Kids Books, 2015. Deer
Corn 59 61 Food, growing
Geology 70–71, 58–59,
Magmafish
70–71 42–43,
58–5942–43,
78–79, 79103, 61,
1223885
Agriculture 58–59, 58–59 Rainfall 88, 88of 1
Deserts 62, 62 Forces
Germs
H 104–105,
30, 124 human
104–105
Malacology body
40–41, 12–13,
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40–41 12–1
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Star
Air pressure Cows
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S (fish) 43, 43
Tele
Boyer, Crispin. National GeographicE Dinosaurs
Crabs 85 74– Fossils
Giraffes
Hearing, 2–3,
35, 74–77
sense55,of 33,
55
Mammals 12,107, 21,
12 118,
119, 119,
26–27, Uran
52–55,12
125
Esbaum, Jill. Little KidsAirplanes
First Big and flying Red-eyed
Salamanders tree92 fr
44
Kids Why Not?: Over 1,111 AnswersEarth 75, 75–7767–81 Frogs
Glaciers 35, 45,
90–91,45 118,
90–91
Heat 124 Mariana Trench 125 light
84, 84waves(plan
Stat 1
Book of Why 2. National machines
B Geographic Crickets 38–39
114–117 Reefs
Sandstone83, 83,
71 12
Test
to Everything. National Geographic Discovery climate(space
90– Gliders 116,
HerpetologyMars 116 insects
44–47 28,
(planet)Reptiles29,125
94, 95, 36–39
95 V mat
Kids Books, 2018. Amphibians Crocodiles
44–46
Backyard ecosystems 46,
64– Saturn 44, 46–9
(planet)
101
shuttle)91, 24, 24
90–91, Glossary 124–125
N mammals 21, 26–27,
matter W52–
98–9
103
Kids Books, 2018.
65, 64–65 46–47
Anemometers 87, 87 IHuman body Matter 98–99, 98–99,
Robins
Scallops 48, 100,
41,48 411
Vacc
Theo
Dissolve,
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Neighborhood
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103
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medicineMechanical
42–43,
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Scarlet 70–73118
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Science Encyclopedia: Atom
Electrical
124 earthquakes reptiles 44, 46–47,
moving The
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Insects 54, 65
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36–39
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Smashing , Food Chemistry, Animals, 87, 87 95, 95 Rovers
Science, (space Varia
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Book of How. National C
WEBSITES Geographic Diving
Current 80–81, 119
82–83, 80– Grasslands
Inventions 63,
senses114–121 shelled
Observation
Neptune
63
Meerkats
12–13, animals
12–13,
(planet)
12–1362 Silvery 40–41,
105,
95blue 104–1
12–13 110
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Space, and More! National all about
Beavers 55, 55 animals 34–35, Journals 95
8–25 Tho
Camels 93 Electricity
82–83 81 110– Gravity 105
airplanes Light
Ocean
Neutrons
Mercury
and waves
animals
flying 111,108–109,
(planet) parent
111,
machines94 124 125X
tips
Stet
114–1 1l
K vocal cords 107, 125
Kids Books, 2016. 39
Geographic Kids Books, 34–35
Beetles
2016. electricity 110–
29, 38–39 experiments 16–17, 16–17asking (plan
quest
125
Carbon 113,
Doctors
dioxide 101 119,
oceans 4,119,
30–
82– Great gray Limestone
Nile coral 71
reefs
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83,
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30, 3
easyscienceforkids.com amphibians
Binoculars 49, 113
124
33
44–46
49 Hummingbirds
L bird ofowls
problem-solving
Kingproblem-solving51116–117
Meteorology
paradise
Lions 55,
120–121,
49
120–121,
55
21, 86–89
Skeleton 120–121
11, 32–33,
10–11
120–121 Vert
Tige
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Cars, robotic 118, 85,
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109, Green darner
types fish
Nutrients
P dragonfly 42–43,
124
38–39 107,
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61, 1
85
Shields, Amy. Little Kids
natgeokids.com birds
Biology
First 35,Life
see
Big 48–51,
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To all the curious young scientists out there:
Keep on exploring!
Copyright © 2019 National Geographic Partners, LLC
You are our hope. You are the future. —KWZ
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