CHAPTER

THREE

EARTH AND
INTRODUCTION 6 SPACE 66
HOW TO USE THIS PLANET
CHAPTER ONE 7
BOOK CHAPTER FIVE
CHAPTER TWO EARTH 68
WHAT IS ROCKY GREAT
SCIENCE? 8 LIFE SCIENCE 26 WORLD 70 INVENTIONS
CHAPTER
ASKING ALL LIVING TRY THIS! 72 PARENT TIPS
TRY, TRY
FOUR
QUESTIONS10 THINGS 28 DIGGING UP GLOSSARY
AGAIN
YOUR SENSES12 THE HUMAN THE PAST 74
PHYSICAL ADDITIONAL
TYPES OF
FINDING BODY 30 VOLCANOES
SCIENCE 78
96 RESOURCES
ENGINEER
ANSWERS 14 ALL ABOUT
FURRY EARTHQUAKE
EVERYTHING INDEX
PROBLEM-
KEEPING A ANIMALS
ANIMALS 34
52 POWER 80
IS MATTER98 CREDITS
SOLVING
JOURNAL 16 THE
TRY INSECT
THIS! 55 DEEPAND
MIX BLUESTIR
SHARING WORLD
PLANTING 36 OCEAN
MOVING 100 82
WHAT YOU TRY THIS!
SEEDS 39
56 WATCHING
FORCES 104
LEARN 18 CRITTERS
TRY THIS! 57 THE
VES OF
 POP-UP FACTS
I n these pages, young readers get an exciting
tour of the main branches of
Colorful PHOTOGRAPHS
sprinkled
illustrate science and scientists in
science. e questions scientists ask are much action on each spread. throughout pro
like the questions
CHAPTER children
ONE provides anask
astronomers learning additional
every day. is book shows kids how information ab
introduction to science about
and theother
scientists go about finding answers.
planets, oceanographers main text.
scientific process. A simple example
Activities sprinkled throughout
diving encourage
into
shows kids that they already think
readers to keep a science journal
the sea, and
and geologists
like scientists as they observe their
CHAPTER TWO focuses on the
begin some science experiments of their own.
delving
world, ask questions, come up with into
life sciences. Readers see biologists,
hypotheses, and look for
botanists, and zoologists
mysteries
answers.deep inside the
at work, FIVE takes a
FACT BOXES help young readers QU
Interactive
CHAPTER
Earth. learn the names of the main branches
in each
observing Earth’s amazing variety
look at
of science, the types of scientists who
chapter encour
of animals and plants.
how engineers use
CHAPTER FOUR is about work in those fields, and what aspects
MORE FOR PARENTS conversation
in the back of
knowledge from all
the of the world they study.related to the m
CHAPTER THREE explores branches of science to offers parent tips that
material world that kids topics.
ll f l hl f bl include fun activities that encourage k
This chapter introduces you to the
scientists observe and
think about the world and how th
about finding answers.
 WILL
it RAIN
Science is a special way of learning about the TODAY?
world. If you wonder about the world and ask
WHAT
a lot of questions, you are already thinking like a
does my
scientist! Some questions are easy to answer.
KITTEN ca
Others need
are hard. But science can help answer almost
to any
HELP
HOW C
question you ask. HIM
FAR AWAY FA
is the GROW?
MOON?
HOW
can this LITTLE
SEED GROW
into a great BIG
 You
use your
EYES to
You
SEE. use your
You begin learning when you use HANDS to
your senses. You use these senses TOUCH.
every day. Scientists call this kind
of learning “observation.”

When you observe the

world around you, you
discover new things.
ose newYou
things
use your
can lead to a lot
You
EARS to use y
of interesting
You TONGU
HEAR.
questions. use your TAST
NOSE to
SMELL.
To find answers to questions, scientists
follow a few important steps. SCIEN
You can look for answers the same way a scientist use tool
does.
RULER
SCALE
However,
Once you have a question, just
the next thinking
step is to o
think about what the an exact
answer
answer might be. You use is rightand
information doesn’t LON
SCALE how H
knowledge you already mean
GUI
somet
for
have. You might come up sure
with that
two oritthree
is right. A
As part of her experiment, a scientist m
possible answers—or scientist takes another
RULER An need to keep track of how much bigger
even more. step.
e answer you think is best is your
EXPERIMENT one of her guinea pigs is than the other
hypothesis. She must prove that her
is a kind of TEST She uses a scale to weigh them. She use
answer is right. To do
that shows a ruler to measure them from snout
that,
whether to tail. When a scientist does an
h t
 MEASURING SPOONS

The
of le
When you do your
w
own experiments, NO
you can write notes su
or draw pictures in ca
a science journal, CON
too. at way you contr
can show others par
what you did and expe
what you learned.
tha
Something UNCH
that CAN BE
CHANGED in an MEAS
experiment (such
C
as how much sugar
you use) is called a
 SALT
Other scientists may co
with different
When your experiment is done, it’s hypotheses. One perso
fun to share your new knowledge. think salt will
If one of your friends doesn’t believe make lemonade sweete
that adding sugar made the lemonade Another may want to
Inher
taste so delicious, you can show try honey. If you do an
HONEY
SCIENCE All the
your experiment. She can also do , a experiment and your
weights and other
Other friends can
the experiment try the
herself. IfHYPOTHESIS
she gets hypothesis turns out to
thatyour
has been tested MEASUREMENTS
experiment, too.it means
the same result, e more wrong, don’t
and accepted is a scientist WRITES
people whoistry
hypothesis your experiment
probably right. worry! at just means
called a DOWN while doing an
and tell you that the sugar made learned
THEORY. experiment are
the lemonade sweeter, something important:
called DATA.
the more certain discovered
you can be about one thing that doesn’t w
your hypothesis
The world is a very big place, filled
with many interesting things to ZOOLOGIST
do and amazing places to explore.
It takes a lot of different kinds of
scientists to study all the different AST
VOLCANOLOGIST METEOROLOGIST
parts of the natural world. Here are
just a few. So
CHEMIST SCIEN
work i
a
some EX
If you could spend a day dang
with one of places
learn
these scientists who
 PALEONTOLOGY
MALACOLOGY
SEISMOLOGY ICHTHYO
CLIMATOLOGY HER
Think of science as a tree. Imagine that VOLCANOLOGY
science is the trunk of the tree. e tree’s METEOROLOGY ENTOMOLOGY OR
branches represent the many kinds of
OCEANOGRAPHY BOTANY M
science thatmain
One of the exist.branches of
the tree is for all living things: GEOLOGY ZOOLOGY
AGRICULTURE
BIOLOGY. Coming from ASTRONOMY
MEDICA
that is a branch that deals ECOLOGY SCIENC
with animals: ZOOLOGY. EARTH AND CHE
Off of that branch are smaller SPACE SCIENCE BIOLOGY
For example, there is a branch for ENGINEERING P
branches that represent the
insects, and another for birds. Each of PHYSICAL
different animal sciences.
these branches of science has a name, such SCIENCE
as entomology for insects and ornithology SCIENCE
for birds. You’ll discover what the other
d h b k
 Veterinarians
TAKE CARE of
Scientific all kinds of animals,
knowledge from DOGS and
makes it CATS to BIRDS
possible to flyand HORSES.
in spaceships, drive
cars, talk on the phone,
play video games, use a
computer, keep animals and VETER
people safe and healthy, grow
The
Anyone can
good food, and much more.
space shuttle
DISCOVERY scientist and

blasted off into new things.

By asking questions and then using scientific
space
observation and experimentation, scientists out

have using ROCKET more about

POWER.
made a lot of great discoveries. When
different
kinds of scie
i i fi d
Plants, animals, and people—Earth
filled with an amazing
variety of living things. In this cha
you will learn about the
 Living things are
From tiny bugs to giant whales, millions of
different from each
different kinds
other in many ways,
of creatures live on Earth. All of them are the
too. Because there
same in a few
MONARCH BUTTERFLY are so many kinds
important ways. All CATERPILLAR
living things, including
FACTS of living things, a
plants, grow
BIOLOGY and
biologist usually HUMPBACK WH
(by-AH-luh-jee)
move. the for energy.
ey need food ey need
chooses one
science
water. Mostof all living things
kind to learn
need oxygen to breathe.
BIOLOGIST the most A
a scientist who studies about. HAND LENS
living things BEETLE makes SMALL
OXYGEN things look
LIVING THINGS
is a gas in the
includes plants BIGGER.
MOUSE
and animals air we BREATHE.
Oxygen is also
i WATER
 Sometimes
the doctor may
give you a SHOT,
or
VACCINATION.
Achoo! You sneeze and sniffle and cough. You
Shots help your
feel achy and shivery. Time to visit the doctor!
body
She tells you to open your mouth
fight She
and say ahhh. off many
holds
down types of GERMS
yourthat could
tongue make
with a
tongue you sick. You get
depressor and looks
WEIGHED and
STETHOSCOPE
at your
MEASURED
Using medica
at the doctor’s office
your
FACTS
throat. She takes
to make sure
doctor figures
your MEDICAL
you arewhat has
SCIENCE
temperature with
the science of GROWINGmade you sick
a
the WELL.says you
THERMOMETER
thermometer
human body—a have a virus.
d
 There are
more than
Doctors have to study all about200 BONES
the human body, from headinto
the human body.
toe. The BIGGEST is the
ey learn about the outside If the x-ray
of the body—the skin. THIGHBONE,
ey also shows you have a
in your
learn about the bones, muscles, upper leg. BROKEN BONE,
The
and organs inside the body, like SMALLEST is the doctor may putCAST
a
A doctor a tiny bone
the heart and stomach.
X-RAY CAST on that body
uses an X-RAY inside your ear. part to hold the bone
MACHINE to see Many doctors pick one part of the
in place while it
your BONES if body to study in depth. Some doctors
HEALS.
he thinks you may specialize in the human heart. Others
have a focus on how people digest their food
BROKEN one. One kind of doctor helps patients wit
ear, nose, and throat problems. ere
a special kind of doctor for almost
Which part of the body would
every part of a person’s body.
like to learn more about? Wh
Doctors and veterinarians use observation
skills to help keep their
patients healthy. Zoologists learn about wild
animals by observing
them. When you take CHAMELEON
a walk in your
SCARLET MACAWS
neighborhood, hike in the woods, Some animals fly in the air. Some swi
or visit a zoo, you can observe animals yourself. water. Some burrow in the ground or
FACTS
You can see them, up trees. ere are many different kin
ZOOLOGY
hear them, and sometimes even smell them! animals, so zoologists sort them into
(zo-AH-luh-jee)
the e groups are based on body
The types a
science of how the animals live word
and grow.
“ZOO”
animals—a comes from
PANDA branch of the Greek word
biology that means
RED-EYED
ZOOLOGIST “ANIMAL.”
TREE FROG
bi l i h
 HEAD
DRAGONFLY TH

A small chrysalis hangs Many

from a twig. You see kinds of
the chrysalis wiggle and CHRYSALIS INSECTS
Like
shake. Like a scientist, you have WINGS
all insects,
wonder what is happening.MONARCH for FLYING.
this ANT has
So you keep watching. e BUTTERFLY Animals withTHREE main
chrysalis splits open and a
FACTS
SKELETONS on bodythe parts.
butterfly
If begins
you draw to unfold
the chrysalis
ENTOMOLOGY INSIDE of their bodies are
its
and the butterfly inhave
new wings. You (en-tuh-MA-luh-jee)
your called VERTEBRATES.
observed thethe
part ofyou
science journal, lifescience of insects—
can Animals WITHOUT
cycle of
share a butterfly.
your a branch of zoology
new knowledge SKELETONS inside
with your family and
ENTOMOLOGIST their bodies, such as insects,
friends. a zoologist who studies are called
INVERTEBRATES
Spiders have exoskeletons, just like
insects. But they are not insects.
What’s the difference?
Observe this spider closely. How
many legs does it have? You’ve found
the difference! All spiders have eight
GOLDEN
legs. All insectsORB
haveWEAVER
six legs.

Some insects live on gras

or branches. Others
live on the ground or bu
ANSWER: There are seven—field cricket, gree
under it. Many insects
darner dragonfly, stinkbug, silvery
fl A l i
 CLAMS
SEASHELLS
come in many CLAMS and
SIZES, SCALLOP SCALLOPS
COLORS, and have two shells
SHAPES. that are HELD
FACTS TOGETHER
A kind of byanimal calle
soft-bodied
MALACOLOGY mollusk a HINGE.
(mah-lah-CAH-luh-jee)
once lived in the shell. A hard shel
the science of mollusks, Octopuses
protect a soft animal from hungry
a group of animals that are a special kind OCT
includes shelled animals predators.
of MOLLUSK without
such as clams and snails— a hard outer shell.
a branch of zoology
They are good
You walk barefoot in the sand at the beach.
MALACOLOGIST at HIDE-AND-SEEK.
a zoologist
Ocean waveswho studies
gently lap the An octopus can
mollusks
shore. All of a sudden—ouch! You step on CHANGE COLOR
something hard and pointy. to BLEND in with its
You pick it up with your hands and feel all its
surroundings.
It’s fun to watch fish swimming in a Th
fishbowl. Ichthyologists enjoy watching WHALE
AIR TANKis not a w
fish, too. ey keep fish in huge
the BIGG
aquariums. ey also study fish in
To find fish in the wild, ichthyologists of FISH in t
streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans.
swim underwater. Unlike fish, people It lives
can’t breathe underwater. Ichthyologists OCE
RAYS
WET SUIT
wear diving gear with special air tanks are a kind of
FACTS
An ichthyologist often picks one species fish. They FLA
for breathing.
ICHTHYOLOGY
of fish to watch over a long time. e THEIR FINS o
(ick-thee-AH-luh-
scientist discovers how the fish find food, move their bod
jee) the
up and down
how far they swim, and where they hang
science of fish—a Where are some p
out to feel safe. ere are thousands of to SWIM.
branch
different species, or kinds, of fish. New
that
of zoology
i di d you have seen fis
 SALAMANDER

TADPOLE

A TADPOLE
Do you ever wonder what kinds of animals live is a BABY FROG. NET
under rocks? As it becomes
If you peek underneath one, you might see insects an adult frog, it
and worms, GROWS LEGS
and maybe even a for HOPPING
salamander.
Can on
you name three ways yo
land.
FACTS
Salamanders are
HERPETOLOGY
different from when you wer
amphibians. (herp-eh-TOL-uh- baby?
Herpetologists have discovered that m
jee) theDuring the a
kinds of amphibians take in air through
sunny part of science of reptiles
skin. Amphibians need to keep their AM
sk
and the day,
amphibians—a in order to breathe. at’s one clue that
salamanders
branch of like to
help you figure out the best places to lo
TREE FROG
zoology salamanders and other amphibians.
hide in dark
 The
Snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles
EMERALD
are reptiles. Reptiles breathe air
TREE BOA live in
using their lungs. Amphibians have
treetops in South American
jellylike eggs that must stay wet. rain forests. Adults are
Reptile eggs
Reptiles have
don’t tough,
need leathery
to stay close EMERALD GREEN,
shells and
to water. do not need to be
ey live on dry landwet. while the babies, like this
most of their lives. Herpetologists one, are ORANGE or
find reptiles in all kinds of places—in BRICK RED
TURTLES FL
trees, in burrows, near swamps and in color.
have skeletons LIZ
rivers, and even gliding through the air!
NILE CROCODILE inside their bodies. doesn
They also have a
The NILE
CROCODILE SHELLS on the Instea
outside to help ou
can WEIGH
PROTECT folded
as much as a skin
them.
PIANO. PAINTEDare su
TURT
by i
It us
Early in the morning, you hear a bird singing
outside. Cheer-up, cheerily,
cheer-up. What kind is it? You grab a pair of
binoculars. Following the FACTS
sound, ROBIN
ORNITHOLOGY
you spot the bird in a tree. It’s a robin. e KING BIRD OF There are
(or-nih-THAH- PARADISE
next time you hear that 39 different
luh-jee)
song, you’ll know what kind of bird is nearby.
the science of Ornithologists
SPECIES
of BIRDS OF GEN
birds—a observe birds
branch of PARADISE. PEN
the same way, using
zoology BINOCULARS
binoculars and spotting
ORNITHOLOGIST make faraway thi
scopes—and their ears!
a zoologist who look CLOSER
Around the world,
studies They help you
ornithologists have
birds OBSERVE anima
identified more than
BIRDS
AT A DISTANC
10,000 species of
without disturbi
Ornithologists do more than identify
Most birds
species and study birds’ songs and calls.
BUILD NESTS FEATHE
ey study what birds eat and how they Can you point out these bird body par
for their BEAK
raise their young. From season to season,
EGGS and LEGS
these scientists keep track of when and
RAISE THEIR WING
where birds migrate. And they give the
Some what kind of food to CHICKS HEAD
best advice about
there. TAIL
BIRDbird
use in your SPECIES
feeders!
live in one place all BLACK-
year. Others, like these NAPED BLUE
SNOW GEESE, FLYCATCHER
MIGRATE. They
move to warmer places
during the WINTER GREEN VIOLET-EAR
MONTHS. HUMMINGBIRD

If you could be a bird,

what colors
would you like your
 PLATYPUS

Most
MAMMALS
GIVE BIRTH to live
ECHIDNA
young. But two kinds of
You can observemammals LAY EGGS:
your pet, just like ECHIDNA
the a and the
mammalogist would PLATYPUS. They
observe a mammal live
inin the
the wild
wild.
FACTS in Australia.
You can use a camera to get photos o
MAMMALOGY
your pet. Photos can help you record
(muh-MAH-luh-
Many people like to keep mammals as pets
jee) the changes from one day to the next.
because they are so cute and furry. A pet
science of
dog is a mammal. So is a cat or a hamster.
mammals—a
And so are you! branch of zoology
 This big male
MOUNTAIN GORILLA
lives in a national park in Mammals come in many shapes and si
RWANDA. There are only the clues to
a few hundred of these name the different mammals.
ELEPHANT
animals left in the world.
Mammalogists have
MAMMALOGISTS
many
are looking for ways to
questions about
protect them.
mammals in Sharp claws and
With
teeth
its long
helpneck,Strong
this m
Like other zoologists, this mammal hunt.
canAreach
male yummy
has likeleave
te
the wild. Where do
mammalogists often
they prefer a mane of fur around
on its
theface.
highest this
branc
m
choose
to live? How do they
gnaw do
one kind of mammal to bui
grow?
to study
How do they find their
over a long period of
food? This mammal hasThissome mammal
bristly lives
Thisand
m
What wild animal
time. hairs on its body. It
hunts
also in
hasa group
the calledvery
longest nose of any animal.a pack. It ma
would you
Sometimes they even
ANSWERS: 1. lioh
live in
most like to study? giraffe 3 beave
i
 SEEDS YOU’LL NEE
• a seed •s
are usually
formed Grow a Plant From a Seed• a flowerpot •w
INSIDE cup with a• sa
Plants don’t run and jump and FLOWER
play like hole in the b
a plant’s
animals do. But plants are living things, (to let extra
FLOWERS.
too.
water drain
Like all living things, they grow, and they
need water and oxygen. Green plants don’t
Fill your potPush the seed Cover
into the seedMo
have to eat the way we do, though. ey
with soil.soil, about 1/2 inch
with
deep.
soil.
make their own food, using energy from Place your pot on a sunny windowsill.
w
FACTS
the sun. Most plants slowly bend or move watch and wait! It will
a little bit, to keep BOTANY
their leaves in the sun. LEAF take a few days for your seed to sprout
Once your plant sprouts, you can use a
(BAH-tuh-nee) STEM
the your flowerpot each
science of plants—a measure
day and make sure the soil is moist.
branch of biology how much it grows each day. Be sure to
ROOTS
down
BOTANIST
your observations in your science jour
a biologist who studies
plants
 WORMS live
in SOIL. They
help keep soil
HEALTHY STR
and
All living things need food,
MICROSCOPE good for growin
and all our food comes PLANTS.
from other living things. In
the wild, animals search for Some of our food comes from

plants to eat or they hunt plants. As plants grow, they need

Most food for people is
for other animals to eat. take in nutrients from soil. Soil
grown or raised on farms.
scientists figure out ways
Agricultural scientists try
to make soil better
to figure out better
for growing plants.
ways of raising
DAIRY COW FACTS Some of our food,
our food.
AGRICULTURE such as milk,
(AG-rih-cul-ture) the Whateggs,
areand
your three
meat, CORN GROWIN
science of farming IN A FIELD
favorite foods?
comes from
AGRICULTURAL farm animals.
 An
ECOLOGIST
observes how all the
different parts of an
ECOSYSTEM work
Picture a pond on the edge of a together. The more we B
grassy meadow. A bird swoops UNDERSTAND about an SWA
down over the water and catches an ecosystem, the more
insect in its beak. Fish dart toward we can do to keep
the shelter of some underwater
everything in it
plants. A deer wanders up to get
HEALTHY.
a drink and stops to nibble on the SMAL
An ecosystem can be a coral B
FACTS in this
leaves of a bush. Everything
reef, a forest, or just what is
ECOSYSTEM
picture is part of an ecosystem—a
underneath a log. An ecosystem
a community of living
kind of natural neighborhood.
includes all the plantsthings
and interacting with
each
animals that live there, other
as well and their
as the water, sunshine,environment
air, and DEE
soil. Everything in an ecosystem
ECOLOGY
 Ecologists explore
different
types of A
ecosystems
A all GRASSL
around the world.
TROPICAL wide-op
Here are
RAIN FOREST cove
is awarm,
just few. wet, and in WA
green. GRA
Many kinds The anim
of plants and animals Which ecosystem wouldliveyoh
A DESERT is dry. such as
It can be hard
LIVE TOGETHER in
MEERKATS
most like to visit? Why?
this type of AN
to find any
ECOSYSTEM. A TUNDRA ANTELO
LIVING THINGS
is dry, with winters alw
here at all. The animals
that are have pl
and plants that live
LONG AND COLD. gra
here must be able
to SURVIVE with
Here, plants stay small and TO E
grow CLOSE TO THE
VERY LITTLE
GROUND. Only the
WATER
 Try standing
very still for a little
while, and see what
ANIMALS move
around you. They might
be on the GROUND,
in the SKY, or in a
TREE.
See if you can fi
how many
different plant
animals live
in your own ec
Your own backyard or neighborhood
Make
park is
two columns o
an ecosystem. Next time you go
your
outside, try
i j
Earth scientists study the air, wate
rocks of our home planet.
Space scientists study stars and ot
planets. Read about these
We all live on a planet called Earth. is planet
FACTS
is
EARTH SCIENCE
our home. Earth gives us air to breathe and
the science of
water to drink. It gives us rocks for building
Earth
Astronauts in space take many pictures of Earth.
things and soil for growing plants. All of us
e oceans make our planet lookEARTH
mostly blue.
depend on Earth for our lives.
SCIENTIST
White clouds swirl through the sky. e rocks
a scientist who
and soil of the land are gray and brown. Plants
studies
make parts of Earth look green.
planet Earth
ASTRONAUTEARTH
our planet, made A
up of PLANETARY
air, water, soil, scientist studies
and rocks planets, including
EARTH, and
other objects in
 Finding, coll
and
Next time you go outdoors, look closely at
sorting diffe
the
kinds of
ground. See if you can find a few small
rocks is fun.
GEOLOGISTS
rocks. Along with soil, rocks make up
sort the
feet.ROCK
most of the land under your use
rocks you fin
HAMMERS to crack A geologist c
color. Or
ROCK HAMMER rocks open so they can you
you how,
can feel
SEE INSIDE, and when,
with and w
to break
Geologists look at the surface off SMALL
of Earth.
different
your fingert
ey look deep inside Earth, PIECES
FACTSey
too. to M
kinds of rock
separate
explore canyons, where theystudy
can later.
GEOLOGY
see SANDSTONE
formed.
the rough ro
(jee-AH-luh-jee)
layers of rock stacked up like the layers
the science of the
of a birthday cake. Each layer can give
rocks smooth ones
L
geologists clues about what was going
might
on at different times in Earth’s GEOLOGIST
past
l h
Can you find four things that are
made of rock?

ANSWERS: castle, foot

statue
 In deep canyons, ro
are exposed.
A paleontologist examines Like geologists,
a whale fossil in Egypt. paleontologists oft
DUCK-BILLED
DINOSAUR look in areas like th
Paleontologists
ey scan for
explore ROCKS
small pieces of foss
and ROCK LAYERS,
on the ground.
looking for CLUES
about theSometimes
life
Usually only part of the bone is
a trail o
FACTS pieces
of the PAST. will
showing. Most of it is still hidden
FOSSIL lead right to a treas
in the rock. e scientists wonder
Looking for fossils is a lot like being
part on
of aaliving may beSHELLS,
a huge
thing that what type of dinosaur it might
treasure hunt. LEAVES,
dinosaur bone, pok
has been
Paleontologists need a few hints before they
be. Could it be a meat-eatingand even
of the rock in
preserved, or tyrannosaur? Could it beFOOTPRINTS
know the canyon wall.
saved, in rock can be preserved
a plant-eating duck-billed
where to begin. Geologists make maps that
P T dinosaur? e only way to FOSSILS
Paleontologists dig with picks
and shovels. ey fill buckets
with rocks and soil and haul
them away. As they dig, they
As they get close to the
uncover more bone fossils.
bones, the paleontologists
begin using small tools
such as awls, dental picks,
TROWEL
and soft brushes to push
TYRANNOSAUR
away the soil and rock. ey
ey take pictures of the bones SOFT BRUSH
work slowly and carefully so
and make notes in their field
they don’t break any fossils.
journals. e data they collect PICK
will give them clues about how AWL
Once the fossils are out of the
this dinosaur lived and died.
ground, the scientists take them
to a museum. ere they put the If you could be a dinosaur, wo
skeleton on display for all to see. you
rather be a meat-eater or a pl
 Scientists studying
a volcano in Italy Volcanolog

Deep inside Earth—much deeper than where seismomet

fossils are found—some of the record

rock gets very hot. In certain areas, there are the rumbli
inside
pockets of hot, partly
volcanoes.
melted rock called magma. e magma pushes
up through cracks
FACTS kinds
VOLCANOLOGY Und
of vibratio
in Earth’s crust, or outer layer. en, boom! It
(VAHL-kuh-NAH- waves, ho
Volcano erupting
explodes out to the
luh-
in Ecuador
surface. Hot gases and ash shoot
mean that
jee)into
the the air. Hot
science of
volcano mi
melted rock pours volcanoes—a M
VOLCANO erupt soon
out over the land. A volcano has branch
erupted.
Wh
of geology Volcanolog
MAGMA warn peop
VOLCANOLOGIST
liveLAVA
an earth scientist VO
nearby so t
who
i
 FACTS
SEISMOLOGY
(size-MOL-uh-jee) In an earthquake, la
the science of sections of rock in
earthquakes—a Earth’s crust slip su
branch of geology In buildings near
RESCUE
WORKERS SEISMOLOGIST the earthquake, walls

help people near a geologist who studies

The
and shake.
a building that fell earthquakesWIGGLY PotsLINES
and pans fall off
over during a large on this readout from
shelves. With
EARTHQUAKE a SEISMOMETER
most earthquakes, th
in Taiwan. represent the lasts for a
shaking
VIBRATIONS
When
moment
ofor two,
there’s an and
earth
an earthquake.
in one area,
stops.
the vibrations, or wav
through
the whole Earth.
Seismologists have se
i t i
 AIR TANK
OCEANS
cover nearly
Oceanographers wonder what three-quarters
FACTS
OCEANOGRAPHYmysteries lie under WET SUIT of EARTH’S
the ocean’s waves. To explore
(oh-shuh-NAH-gruh- SURFACE.
fee) the science of Oceanographers
underwater, they ese scientists test the water
oceans at
wear diving gear and swim. Swim to make sure it’s healthy for
work in the
OCEANOGRAPHER
goggles Arctic all the plants and animals
a scientist who studies
help them get a good look. that live there. ey take
the ocean notes about the ocean bottom
Over many
and all months or
the creatures years,
that
oceanographers come
make that area their back to
home.
CORAL
the same area and record any
changes. REEFS like
e data they collect this
one
helps scientists figure out are HOME to
many
ways to keep different ocean
kinds of
ecosystems healthy.
FISH and
SUBMERSIBLE
The deepest part
of the ocean is in the A
MARIANA TRENCH. HYDROTHERMA
The place is called the VENT
CHALLENGER DEEP. is an opening in th
You would have to OCEAN FLOOR
travel Sc
HYDROTHERMAL VENT where big plumes
nearly seven miles (11 HOT WATER
km) dis
shootYETI
out,CRAB
like smo
STRAIGHT DOWN from a UN
to get to the bottom
VOLCANO.AN
of it!
Some parts of the ocean are way too deep for HUMPBACK
ANGLERFISH
VEN
anyone to swim
in, even with diving gear. In those areas, this
scientists
Riding in need a
submersibles, oceanographers can How many ocean animals
submersible—a
explore parts ofsmall, hard-sided vehicle that
can ocean
dive down
can you name?
the that are so far down sunlight
 ANEMOMETER

While oceanographers search the ocean,

meteorologists keep their eyes on the sky.
Meteorologists keep track of the weather
every day. ey measure the temperature
AN
of the air. ey measure the air pressure
and how fast the wind is blowing.
A data
Meteorologists use all the
FACTS
they THERMOMETER
collect to try to
METEOROLOGY AIR i
measures
figure out what the how
(MEE-tee-uh-RAHL-uh- all around
weather will be. HOT OR COLD IT HAS W
jee) the science ofsomething
the is.
air and the weather The force o
POCKET BAROMETER PRESSING D
METEOROLOGIST
us
a scientist who studies
i ll d
Meteorologists keep an eye on dangerous
storms. ese scientists warn people Keep a Weather Journal
ahead of time when a storm is coming
When you see dark clouds in the sky,
so everyone can stay safe.
A CLOUD
is made up of tiny probably predict

WATER droplets. It that it will rain soon. Keeping a weath

WEATHER In your journal, make a chart
takes about A MILLION journal will help you
RADAR TRUCK with spaces for every day
DROPLETS to make become even better at telling what th
of the month. At the end of
ONE RAINDROP that weather will be.
SCIENTISTS TRACKING each day, mark down if it
is heavy enough
A BIG STORM was sunny, cloudy, rainy,
to fall.
snowy, or windy. Some
daysto
Try may have
keep two
track ofor
the
more kinds
weather of weather.
every day for
Be sure a
at least tomonth.
record Here’s
it all.
an example of what a
What is your favorite type of weather journal might
weather? look like.
 GLACIERS
are vast, thick fields
of ICE. They form in
Climate scientists look at huge amounts of COLD AREAS where T
weather data, recorded over many years. many LAYERS OF scie
ey compare the data from year to year. SNOW build up over t
at helps them spot changes that might p
HUNDREDS OF
Today, change is happening very quickly
be happening.
in
in the Arctic region. Climate scientists
YEARS. GL
travel there many times each year. ey W
measure the air temperature. ey take MEL
FACTS
photos of glaciers, and they measure the
e studies show that temperatures
glaciers’ size. CLIMATE g
are going up. Glaciers are melting Scientist at a
(KLEYE-muht) the usual surf
and shrinking. All the data climateof an area over
weather glacier in Alaska this
scientists gather will help athem
long figure
period of time—at
least 30
out why Earth’s overall climate is years t
changing and how fast
CLIM TE
The sun goes down, and you look up into the Our
dark SUN is one
night sky. You see stars twinkling in the among BILLIONS
blackness. OF STARS that
When you look at the stars, you’re seeing all make up our home
the way into outer space. Stars are far, far away. galaxy—THE
Giant telescopes help astronomers MILKY WAY.
TELESCOPE
observe the stars more closely.
Our own sun is a star. It’s the
TELESCOPES
star closest to Earth.
FACT
make objects
Astronomers study
ASTR
that are
the differences
(uh-S
MILLIONS
between our sun
nuh-m
OF MILES AWAY
and other the sc
stars. look CLOSER. stars
Astronomers also study Earth’s moon
and the other planets that orbit our
EARTH
SUNin and the other
sun. e moon is the only place
MARS planets
space where
Someday people have
astronauts may landed.
visit other
EARTH REVOLVE AROUND
planets. For now, scientists send
VENUS THE SUN. NEPT
remote-controlled robots called
MERCURY The moon revolves
space probes to explore. Probes have around Earth. URANUS
landedprobes
Space on Mars and Venus.
collect ey
data and take SATURN
have flown
pictures close
and sendtothem
other planets.
back to
JUPITER This
scientists on Earth. ey help us learn SPACE PROBE,
more about what the planets called CURIOSITY,
are made of and search for is exploring the plane
signs of life. Twelve MARS. It is A ROVE
ASTRONAUTS Rovers are space prob
have walked ON THE If you could with WHEELS
travel to that ca
MOON. They brought move around the
MOON another planet, which one
SURFACE OF A
some moon ROCKS LANDING
back to Earth FOR
would you choose? PLANET.
This chapter introduces you to the
physical scientists, who
discover what things are made of a
things move and change.
 Long ago, scientists discovered
that all matter is made up of
tiny particles called atoms.
ere are about 115 different
As you look around,
types of atoms. ey are
you see a lot of familiar
way too small for anyone
things. Your house,
to see, but you can think
toys, pets, food, rocks,
of them as 115 different
soil, water, air—all the
shapes of building blocks.
stuff around you is
Atoms can fit together in
called matter. Matter
millions of different ways.
is anything that can be
FACTS Everything in the world
weighed or measured
MATTER is made from those tiny Tw
and that takes up
everything in the building blocks. or m
world isyou!
space—including made
ATOM
of matter
ST
PHYSICAL TOGE
SCIENCE t f
 A
LABORATORY
If you mix two
is a room or
SAFETY substances in
building filled
GOGGLES beaker—for ex
with THE
baking
TOOLS chemists
need. soda and vineg
FLASK are
doing chemist
MICROSCOPE BEAKER
CHEMISTS TEST TUBE
Baking soda
mix substances in and vinegar by
GLASS themselves are
BEAKERS, not too excitin

FACTS cylinders, and when they

A chemist studies how matter changes. By
CHEMISTRY TEST TUBES.
CARBON are mixed toge
mixing (KEH-muh- DIOXIDE is watch
the out!
substances and measuring carefully stree)
along the gas that makes
A chemical rea
way, the soda drinks
takes place.
h i t h t k diff science
t of FIZZY
Sometimes substances can be mixed without a
chemical reaction
happening. Lemonade is made up of three When the lemona
substances: water, lemon cold
juice, and sugar. When you stir sugar into water enough, it will cha
Heating and
and lemon cooling
juice, the are other ways chemists can ICE from a liquid
make
sugar substances
dissolves. e molecules of sugar spread When
to a solid. a the
Let
change. You the
out through can liquid,
try it, too. Pour some of your LIQUID gets
lemonade hot
lemonade intoturn
but they don’t an ice
into something different. enough, it CHANGE
cubes warm up fo
cube
eretray, put three
are still it intokinds
the freezer, and wait about There ITS STATE
and you to becom
an hour.
of molecules in your glass: water, lemon juice,
are THREE awill GAS.
seeBoiling wat
them turn
and sugar. But you have
STATES of matter:into
creates steam—
liquid.
changed the lemonade—now it’s sweeter!
SOLID, LIQUID, water as a GAS.
and GAS. ICE is
the solid state
What doof water.
you like to
drink on a hot day?
 When you are not playing with y
toy car or truck, it just sits ther
doing nothing. What happens
if you give it a push? Zoom!
Off it goes. You can also pull
your car with a string to
make it go.
Another Physicists
type of force call
is
pushes
gravity. Gravity isforces.
and pulls always
Forces make
pulling things move.
everything—including
you—down toward the center
FACTS of Earth. Gravity makes things fall
PHYSICS down. When you jump up, you alw
(FIZZ-icks) the science come back down because the force
of how matter moves What are some of your fa
gravity
and the forces that ways
pulls totoward
you move?the ground.
make things move
 When you
speak or sing, the
VOCAL CORDS
in your throat
VIBRATE. The
vibrations move
out THROUGH
THE AIR IN
When you toss a rock into a pond, the water WAVES.
moves away from
the rock in waves. What happens when you Hold a drumstick in o
drop When
a metal spoon
the spoon lands on the floor, it makes
and put your
over a hard
the floor? Try it.
floor e spoon falls down,
fingertips on the side
hits the floor, and
vibrate. e vibrations move through
drum. Bang the
makes a big
the sound.
air in Clank!
the same
drum with the stick. Y
way waves move through water in a
hear the tap
 PRISM
PHYSICISTS
study how light All w
moves. LIGHT SOUN
TRAVELS IN LIGH
WAVES that can A PRISM OCEA
bends a
go through AIR
and BEAM OF LIGHT. CA
As the light beam bends,
SPACE. EN
all the different
from o
COLORS IN
Light is made up of seven colors: red,
THE LIGHT get an
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, an
SEPARATED.
violet. Light bounces off every object
it strikes. When you look at a leaf,
Look around your bedroom. Turn off all the
you see that it is green. at means
lights. Pull down the shades most of the light bouncing
or close the curtains so that no sunlight gets in.
off the leaf is green light. As
Suddenly your room
soon as your eyes see that
l k d ff l k ll h l h
 ATOM
NEUTRONS
Electricity flow
If you put on a pair of wires from
wool socks, shuffle a big power pla
across a carpet, and PROTONS
electrical
then touch a metal outlets in your
Befo
doorknob—zap! You ELECTRONS flows from
SCIENT
feel a little shock. You an outlet throug
Atoms, the tiny particles figured ou
may even see a quick wire to your
Long ago, physicists that make up all matter, us
spark of light jump lamp. ELECTR
e light
wondered about are made up of even tinier
between your finger changesto the
make
this strange force. particles called protons,
and the knob. peop
electricity into
ey named it static neutrons, and electrons.
read by th
electricity. e Electrons are always
of a CAN
electricity that powers moving. In static electricity,
OIL LA
our homes is called electrons jump from one
at nig
current electricity. object to another. In
l i i l
You use electricity
every day
to turn on the lights
and to
make other devices
work.
How many of the
objects
here need electricity to
make
them work?

ANSWER
microwa
Scientific knowledge helps engine
design and build new things.
In this chapter, you will see some o
world’s greatest inventions—
 Over time,
inventors
Engineers use scientific knowledge to invent realized that
new things and to improve things that are the shape of
already invented. anks to engineers, we the wings
GREAT GRAY OWL
was the key to
have phones and cars, bikes and bridges.
We have lights andWINGS
clocks, boats and flying. Finally,

refrigerators. those early flying

machines started
to work. ey glided
A glider, an early flying machine through the air for

FACTSdon’t short distances. Eventua

Com
Great inventions like the airplane
ENGINEERING
happen all at once. Long ago, inventors
and
engineers figured sma
out ho
(en-jin-EER-ing) the build engines to w
watched birds flying. ey strapped
use of scientific power airplanes soDESIG
they
feathered wings to their arms and tried
knowledge to solve stay up in the air ENGI
flying like birds themselves. When that
problems longer, fly faster, and tra
didn’t work, other inventors tried
b ld fl h
ENGINEER farther
Different kinds of engineers use knowledge ENVIRONME
ENGINEER
from different branches of science.
work to keep ec
Here are descriptions of some of the work they
healthy and
do. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS
use biology, medical
science, and physics to
design robotic arms for One thing every engineer and scientist
people whoENGINEERS
AEROSPACE lose an arm in
knows is that science is never finished.
an accident.
use astronomy and physics
As soon as you discover an answer to
to design spacecraft that will ELECTR
one of your big questions, it will lead to
make it possible for humans to ENGIN
fly to other planets. many more questions. As soon as you
design sola
come up with a good design, you’ll be
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS tha
use physics to design a robotic What
thinking of ways to make would
it better. In yo
use energy
car that can drive itself. to invent? sun
science, there is always more to explore
and more to invent! generate e
 FUN
An engineer works CR
Whe
step-by-step, just
like a scientist does. IMAG
You can add an
engineering section KNO
to your science
journal. Fill it sc
with all your great amaz
engineering ideas. can
Some designs don’t
You can draw pictures
work very well. ose
of your designs and
can be set aside, and
show others how
new ideas can be tried.
they work.
Keep experimenting!
 EGG, PLUS
think it is a liquid SCIENCEbe
to draw the shape

HEAT
or a solid? Have IS ALL ob
of the moon each

AROUND
night. If your child by
(CHEMISTRY)
her try to pour it
Extend your child’s experience
frombeyond
one bowl into becomes curious ou
Chemistry is You don’t ha
the pages of this book. A visit to a science
another. She can about why the de
all to set up spe
museum is one way to get children interested
poke it and tap change, moon is changing, m
about activities to
it. Roll some of it you can look for no
in different aspects of science. Your local
and science with
NATURE share them with
a book together at no
into
Oobleck
library is a good source for booksa ball in your we
of hands- children. Al
one
yourway
child WALK others. HOUSE OF
your local library. at
hands. Stopacts
sometimes and let you need is
on science experiments and activitieschange
that aare
crack (ECOLOGY) BLOCKS
the ball
like a liquid
sitsubstances
onand
your A pair of binoculars th
SHADOW that he is
age-appropriate actually
forcan mixchild.
your up someHere areraw aegg and MOON
ere’s nothing (ENGINEERING)
encourage th
or a telescope will le
palm
sometimes
for a moment.
like a questions.
PLAY
few ideas to get you
beam of Oobleck is every
blocking aoobleck.
started. slide SHAPES
quite as satisfying A setyour
give of toy blocks
child a w
Ask your
solid. If your
child
day child
is give them sp
(PHYSICS)light. See how many
humorously named it gently into as a nature(ASTRONOMY)
Ifwalk
you to
live is
inaan
good great
view tool
of the m
to describe
loves new science
what
through and time to
shadow shapes
for hegooey stuff
the the area
All you need is a Withwhere
get kids thinking it’syour
the right
for
moon’s
easychild to
craters. th
happens.
words you can tell observations and up with thei
can make. inAsk him
a Dr. Seuss book. cooking.
pan. to get outdoors,
flashlight and a opportunity,
like scientists. experiment
many with as
her that oobleck
Heating is questions. You own hypoth
if he can make
Put 1the
cup (250 Encourage
blank wall. Shine
a “non-Newtonian Whenever you you can
takechoose
children love
physical
gazing forces and ac
shape of a bird. up a to
frying can turn this fun or predictio
the beam of light at mL) of water
SOLID OR him watch a few
up
a walk together evenings
at the night
to figure
sky. out how as
fluid.” pan activity into a When they w
en encourage
in a large bowl. the for observing the
the wall and have
LIQUID? together
in your local
genuine scientific
to design and po
assistance, h
him to experiment.
your child put a
Slowly sprinkle in egg as it can moon. (Consult
park or nature build a more and
(CHEMISTRY)
Can he make2 a
cups (220 g) of be a endeavor by helping them becom
C
hand in front of the cooks. See lunar calendar
center, encourage moreto complex,
If you have a box th
rabbit? A dog? A of stirring good
cornstarch, time to
if he can
your child start a
know when the
beam Invite him to but stable
 PREDATOR: an animal that
VIRUS:
hunts
anfor
extreme
and ea
animals nonliving infectiou
ABDOMEN: the hind partENERGY:
of an insect’s body; to
the ability the particle that can m
belly of a mammal move or to do work PREDICT: to use observations
personand
or evidence
animal s
what is going to happen
ARCTIC: the northernmost
GAS:
part of of
one thethe
world,
three main VOCAL CORDS: th
around the North Pole states of matter PROTONS: tiny particlesbands
that, together with
in your thro
neutrons, make up the center
that vibrate
of atoms
when y
ASTRONAUT: a person who
GERMS:
is specially trained to
tiny, one-celled your breath past
SMARTPHONE:
RAIN FOREST: a adense
cell phone with in
woodland a built-in
an area
travel in outer space MOLECULE:
living things twothatorcan infect
more them, producing th
CLIMATE: an area’s normal a weather,
person or measured
animal and over computer
gets a lot of rain of your voice
atoms linked together by
ATOM:
a long period of time—usually
the smallest particle
makeof 30 years
matter
them
a chemical
or more
that
sick
bond
still has
the same qualities and behaviors of the substance SOLAR
REEF: aSYSTEM: a star
ridge of rock WAVE:
orand the
coral inobjects
a that
a vibrating
shallow p
COMPUTER:
it came from; aatoms
machine HEAT:
that can
NEUTRONS:
are made uptostore
add
of and recall
energy
neutrons,
tiny to a
particles the ocean sound waves move
huge amounts
protons, of data, make
and electrons lightning-fast
substance, raising its SOLID: one of the three main states
through ofwater,
air, matte
that, together with
calculations, and spot patterns in data
temperature
protons, make up the center
SKELETON: the bones insidelight the bodies
waves of
travel
CHRYSALIS: the protective covering of a pupa as it STAR: a large, bright,
vertebrates—fish, round
amphibians, object
through in space
reptiles,
empty bird
spa
of atoms
DISSOLVE:
develops intoto a
mix a solidLIFE
butterfly CYCLE:
substance orthe
a gas intoof
series a up of hot, glowing gases, such as the sun
mammals
liquid substance
NUTRIENT:
changes thatan
a living
ingredient in WEATHER: the com
thing goes through as it is SUBSTANCE: the mattertemperature
from which any pa
wind
f df l
 F Life science Parent(biology) 26–65
tips 122–s
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Farming 58–59, all 58–59living things
122–123 28–29, 28 p
BOOKS Boldface indicates
Control Field crickets 38–39 amphibians 44–4649
Penguins 9
Fish 42–43, 42–43,
G birds61, 35,8548–51, 61,
Physical 116s
science
A illustrations. If illustra-
(experiment T 11
Boyer, Crispin. National Geographic
tions are37,
included Flowers103,
Gases 56, 103,
56 branches
124 of atoms
science99, 22–2
Abdomen 12417 within a
part) Tadp
to D the
page span,
Kids Why?: Over 1,111 Answers
Coral reefs 118,83, Flycatchers
Geese 50, 50(birds)
M ecosystems
50 60–65, 83,
124 1
Aerospace engineering R 45
Everything. National Geographic
entire span Data
is 12515, 19
boldface. Flying lizards
Gentoo 47,
penguins 47
123
49 chemistry
Macaws 35 Rain forests Tast 20
Spid
118 83, 62,
Kids Books, 2015. Deer
Corn 59 61 Food, growing
Geology 70–71, 58–59,
Magmafish
70–71 42–43,
58–5942–43,
78–79, 79103, 61,
1223885
Agriculture 58–59, 58–59 Rainfall 88, 88of 1
Deserts 62, 62 Forces
Germs
H 104–105,
30, 124 human
104–105
Malacology body
40–41, 12–13,
electricity
40–41 12–1
U 11
Star
Air pressure Cows
87 58 Rays
S (fish) 43, 43
Tele
Boyer, Crispin. National GeographicE Dinosaurs
Crabs 85 74– Fossils
Giraffes
Hearing, 2–3,
35, 74–77
sense55,of 33,
55
Mammals 12,107, 21,
12 118,
119, 119,
26–27, Uran
52–55,12
125
Esbaum, Jill. Little KidsAirplanes
First Big and flying Red-eyed
Salamanders tree92 fr
44
Kids Why Not?: Over 1,111 AnswersEarth 75, 75–7767–81 Frogs
Glaciers 35, 45,
90–91,45 118,
90–91
Heat 124 Mariana Trench 125 light
84, 84waves(plan
Stat 1
Book of Why 2. National machines
B Geographic Crickets 38–39
114–117 Reefs
Sandstone83, 83,
71 12
Test
to Everything. National Geographic Discovery climate(space
90– Gliders 116,
HerpetologyMars 116 insects
44–47 28,
(planet)Reptiles29,125
94, 95, 36–39
95 V mat
Kids Books, 2018. Amphibians Crocodiles
44–46
Backyard ecosystems 46,
64– Saturn 44, 46–9
(planet)
101
shuttle)91, 24, 24
90–91, Glossary 124–125
N mammals 21, 26–27,
matter W52–
98–9
103
Kids Books, 2018.
65, 64–65 46–47
Anemometers 87, 87 IHuman body Matter 98–99, 98–99,
Robins
Scallops 48, 100,
41,48 411
Vacc
Theo
Dissolve,
124 defined Golden orb plants
Neighborhood
weaver 56–59,
spiders 100,
38 75, 75
103
ecosystems Wav
Stat6
Anglerfish
Barn swallows85Curiosity
61 (space Ichthyology
medicineMechanical
42–43,
30–3342–43 engineers
Rocks
Scarlet 70–73118
macaws30
Science Encyclopedia: Atom
Electrical
124 earthquakes reptiles 44, 46–47,
moving The
46–47
force
elec d
Gorillas
Insects 54, 65
O
54
28, arm
29,
Medical
36–39
118, science 30–33, 118,
J robotic 118Sight,
Esbaum, Jill. Little Kids First Big sense ofpr13
Animals probe)
Barometers engineers
Smashing , Food Chemistry, Animals, 87, 87 95, 95 Rovers
Science, (space Varia
introduc
30,
Book of How. National C
WEBSITES Geographic Diving
Current 80–81, 119
82–83, 80– Grasslands
Inventions 63,
senses114–121 shelled
Observation
Neptune
63
Meerkats
12–13, animals
12–13,
(planet)
12–1362 Silvery 40–41,
105,
95blue 104–1
12–13 110
butt
Ven 41
Space, and More! National all about
Beavers 55, 55 animals 34–35, Journals 95
8–25 Tho
Camels 93 Electricity
82–83 81 110– Gravity 105
airplanes Light
Ocean
Neutrons
Mercury
and waves
animals
flying 111,108–109,
(planet) parent
111,
machines94 124 125X
tips
Stet
114–1 1l
K vocal cords 107, 125
Kids Books, 2016. 39
Geographic Kids Books, 34–35
Beetles
2016. electricity 110–
29, 38–39 experiments 16–17, 16–17asking (plan
quest
125
Carbon 113,
Doctors
dioxide 101 119,
oceans 4,119,
30–
82– Great gray Limestone
Nile coral 71
reefs
crocodiles sound
83,
46, 83,
46–47125X-ra
waves
30, 3
easyscienceforkids.com amphibians
Binoculars 49, 113
124
33
44–46
49 Hummingbirds
L bird ofowls
problem-solving
Kingproblem-solving51116–117
Meteorology
paradise
Lions 55,
120–121,
49
120–121,
55
21, 86–89
Skeleton 120–121
11, 32–33,
10–11
120–121 Vert
Tige
mac
Cars, robotic 118, 85,
11861, 109
109, Green darner
types fish
Nutrients
P dragonfly 42–43,
124
38–39 107,
42–43, 109,
Stin
61, 1
85
Shields, Amy. Little Kids
natgeokids.com birds
Biology
First 35,Life
see
Big 48–51,
science
Electrons
Dogs 52, 72111,
paleontology
Humpback
Koalas 4 ofanglerfish
weather
Laboratories
Mice
engineers
89,
100,
29, 55,
89
Liquids 100103,
118–119,
85 55 branches
Smallmouth
122, 124
states
118–11
bas
37of o
Touc
of33,
ma s
3
Caterpillars
116–117
Book of Why. National Biomedical
28 Green
Invertebrates
Humpback Painted
violet-ear near
Microscopes
37
whales 29turtles
hydrothermal
hummingbirds 47
58–59
Smartphones 38–3
51 vents 11
Vete
Geographic engineers
111 124
Dragonflies 118
2 3 743777 Jupiter
Lava 79 (planet)
79 95
Lizards 22–23, 22–2
of 1 1
C t 53 i i P l h tll46 l d 472i 47
103
3l 7440122
77
41St 4
 To all the curious young scientists out there:
Keep on exploring!
Copyright © 2019 National Geographic Partners, LLC
You are our hope. You are the future. —KWZ
GI = Getty Images; NGC=National
Published by National Geographic
Geographic Partners, LLC. All
Creative;
rights reserved. ReproductionSS=Shutterstock
of the whole or any part of the contents without
written permission from the FRONT COVER: (UP LE),
publisher
is prohibited. Tdway/SS; (UP CTR), Bogdan
Ionescu/SS; (UP RT), James
Laurie/SS; (CTR LE),
Since 1888, the National Geographic Society has
Marques/SS; (CTR RT), Peter
funded
For more than
information 12,000
about research,
special
55 discounts
(LO forRTbulk
RT), Lukas
Kotoff/SS; (CTR inset),
exploration,please
purchases, and preservation projects around the
contactBlazek/Dreamstime; 56 (LO
Heinrich Van Den
world. The
National Society receives
Geographic Books Special
LE), Sales: 56(LO
Kidstock/GI; (LOLE),
RT),
Berg/Dreamstime;
funds from National Geographic
[email protected] Partners, LLC,
Vavlt/iStock/GI; 57 (UP(LO
LE),CTR),
Andrey Armyagov/SS;
funded in part by your purchase.
Rebecca Hale/NGC; 57Jgi/Daniel
(UP
Fotos593/SS; (LO RT),
A
Forportion
rights ofor the proceedsinquiries,
permissions fromLE),
CTR this book supports
Rebecca
please contact
Hale/NGC;
Grill/GI; SPINE: Sashkin/SS;
this vital Geographic
National work. To learn more,
Books
57 (UPCOVER:
CTR RT),(UP
Rebecca
BACK RT), Brian J.
visit natgeo.com/info.
Subsidiary Rights: [email protected]
Hale/NGC;
Skerry/NGC57 (UP
RT), Rebecca Hale/NGC; 57
NATIONAL FRONT MATTER: 1
D i d bGEOGRAPHIC
Y ! D i and (LO)Yellow
Laura Border Design