MATHEMATICS

SHORT ANSWER PROBLEMS

Name : Index Number :

Country :

17th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad

Indonesia
21 January 2021

Instructions:
1. Write your name, country and index number on both the Question Booklet and the
Answer Sheet.
2. Write your Arabic Numerical answers or English alphabet answers only in the
Answer Sheet.
3. There are 25 questions in this paper.
4. For problems involving more than one answer, marks are only awarded when ALL
answers are correct.
5. Each question is worth 1 mark. There is no penalty for a wrong answer.
6. You have 60 minutes to complete this paper.
7. Use black pen or blue pen or pencil to write your answer.

Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so.
 17th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad

SHORT ANSWER PROBLEMS

1. In year 2021, Ada’s little brother is 10 years old. If Ada’s age in 2021 is the sum
of all the digits of the year she was born in. How old is she in 2021?
2. Points A, B, and C are on a straight line such that AB  AC  1 . Square ABDE
and equilateral triangle ACF are drawn on the same side of line BC and lines EC
and BF intersect at G. What is the measure, in degrees, of angle EGB?
D E
F
G

B A C
3. If the twelve-digit number 155a710b4c16 is divisible by 396, where a, b and c
are three distinct digits. What is the value of a  b  c ?
4. Each cell of the 3  4 grid below contains a positive integer less than 9 such that
the sum of the four numbers in each row are all equal, while the sum of the three
numbers in each column are all equal as well. What number must be placed in the
gray cell?
5 4 2

3 6

3 5

5. A computer store sells four types of laptop (A, B, C and D) and have sold a total
of 2021 units. It is known that 20 type A laptops cost as much as 7 type B laptops,
4 type A laptops cost as much as 1 type C laptop and 4 type A laptops costs as
much as 3 type D laptops. If the same amount was collected from each type, how
many type A laptops were sold?
6. In the expression (e  7)  f  19 , it is known that “  ” can be any one of the
following operations:  ,  ,  or  and e and f are both one-digit non-zero
positive integers. What is the sum of all possible values of (e  f ) ?
7. The first 999 positive integers are listed on a board. In each turn, Peter selects any
two numbers from the list and replace it with their positive difference. He keeps
on doing this until only one number is left. What is the largest possible value of
this number?

Page 1 of 4
8. In the diagram below, how many different squares can be formed which contains
the unit square with the “★” inside it?

9. Cammy listed down all possible distinct five-digit positive even integers that can
be formed using each of the digits 1, 3, 4, 5 and 9 exactly once. What is the sum
of all the integers on Cammy’s list?
10. Calculate the product of all the positive divisors of 120: 1 2  3  4  ...  120 . It
is known that this product is divisible by some 2k where k is an integer. What is
the largest possible value of k?
11. In the diagram below, Andy used a metal rod to form a regular hexagon where
the length of side AB is equal to 16 cm. He then divides the hexagon into two
equal parts where one part is used to construct a square, while the other part is
used to construct an isosceles triangle with a base of 18 cm. What is the sum of
the areas, in cm², of the newly created square and triangle?

A B
12. A regular triangle, a regular quadrilateral, a regular pentagon and a regular
hexagon each have interior angles measured in integer degrees.

60 90 108 120

In total, how many kinds of regular polygons have interior angles measured in
integer degrees?
13. The numbers 1 to 6 are printed on the six faces in each of the seven cubes and it
is known that the sum of the two integers printed on any two opposite faces is 7.
Arrange the seven cubes as shown in the diagram below such that the sum of the
integers on any two faces touching each other is 8. What number does the “*” on
the face of the top-most cube represent?
*

3
6
4
Page 2 of 4
14. Seven points divide a circle into seven equal arcs. How many obtuse triangles can
be formed by selecting three of these seven points as its vertices?
15. Positive integers from 1 to 45 inclusive are divided into 5 groups having 9
number each. What is the largest possible average of the medians of these 5
groups?
(Note: The median of a finite set of numbers is the “middle” number, when the
numbers are listed from smallest to greatest or vice versa.)
16. Find the smallest possible positive integer that is divisible by 18 which also has
18 different divisors?
17. I have a digital clock like the diagram shown below. During the 12-hour duration
from 03:00 AM to 2:59 PM, how many minutes does the number “3” appear at
least once?

18. There are 32 coins such that all of them have a different weight. At least how
many weighings on a standard 2-pan balance are needed to be able to determine
both the heaviest and the second heaviest coins?
19. In the diagram below, ABCD is a square where M is the midpoint of AB. If line
AC intersects DM at point E and the area of quadrilateral BCEM is 400 cm2, then
what is the area, in cm2, of square ABCD?
A M B

D C
20. In a target-shooting gallery, nine prizes ranging from $1 to
$9, are placed and hanged up on three strings, as shown in
the diagram below. The objective of the game is to hit the T1 T2 T3
targets (indicated by the shaded circles) above each prize.
If a target is hit, everything below it will be won by the $4 $5 $8
player (and all the targets and prizes below becomes
unavailable for the next player). It is known that the order T4 T5 T6
of play was Alice went first, followed by Brian and then $7 $1 $9
Colin. If each of them hits two targets and in total, Alice
got $18, Brian $13 and Colin $14, which target(s) were hit T7 T8 T9
by Colin?
$2 $6 $3
Page 3 of 4
21. The following chart shows the answers given by Aaron, Betty, Clara and David in
a ten-question true-or-false test. It is known that Aaron has eight, Clara seven and
Betty only two correct answers. How many correct answers does David have?
Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Aaron T F F T F F T T F T
Betty F T F F F T F T F F
Clara T F T T T F T T T T
David F F T F T F F F T F
22. A group of 101 students went out for a school trip. Each of them visited at least
one but at most two places out of the four places that were planned to be visited
that day. Let N be the maximum number of students that visited the exact same
places on the trip (e.g. they all visited only one place and this was the same place
or they visited exactly two of the same places). What is the minimum value of N?
23. The average of abc , ab , bc and ca is M. If we remove ab , then the average
of the three remaining numbers will become N. If it is known that the difference
between N and M is 40, then what is the maximum possible value for abc ?
24. In the diagram below, STM and OUI are right triangles inside rectangle IMSO
such that point U lies on line TM. If ST  21 cm, TM  72 cm and OU  45 cm,
what is the area, in cm2, of rectangle IMSO?
O S
T

I M
25. An equilateral triangle rotates around a regular pentagon of side 21 cm as shown
in the diagram below.

Original position
What is the length, in cm, of the trace made by the white point until it first returns
22
to its original position? (Let   )
7

Page 4 of 4
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

1. Mali tries to insert some number of “ + ” signs between the digits of

777777777777 (twelve copies of 7s) so that the resulting expression is a multiple
of 30. How many ways can she do it?

Answer： ways
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

2. Place each of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 exactly once in the eight empty
circles (the position of 1 is already fixed) such that the sum of each pair of
adjacent numbers is a prime number. Note that the diagrams are considered the
same if it can be obtained by reflection or rotation. List down all possible
diagrams.
1

1 1 1

1 1 1

Answer：
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

3. Four runners (A, B, C and D) participated in a race. Before the event, all four of
them (I, II, III and IV) anonymously predicted the final rankings as shown in the
table below:
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
I’s prediction B C A D
II’s prediction C A D B
III’s prediction D B A C
IV’s prediction B C D A
If I and III got 2 correct predictions each while II and IV got 1 correct prediction
each. Determine the final placings of the four participants.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Answer：
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

4. As shown in the diagram below, 5 persons (A, B, C, D and E) live in one village.
The table below shows the sum of the distance travelled by the other 4 people
when going to a one house. If a party is to be held in E's house, what is the total
distance travelled, in meters, of the 4 people (A, B, C and D)?
Party house A B C D
A
Total distance
4180 m 2530 m 3610 m 3130 m E
travelled by 4 people

B
D

Answer： m
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

5. Three motorcyclists started their rides at the same time. During the whole journey,
they travelled for some time, took a rest for some time and then travelled to return
to their homes at the same time. It’s known that the first motorcyclist travelled
twice as much as the second motorcyclist rested, the second motorcyclist
travelled three times as much as the third motorcyclist rested and the third
motorcyclist travelled four times as much as the first motorcyclist rested. If the
sum of the speeds of the first and the third is 48 km/h, find the speed of the
second one.
Note: Each motorcyclist travelled at the same speed for the whole journey.

Answer： km/h
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

6. A pair of circles are called “neighbors” if they touch each other. How many pairs
of “neighbors” are there in the diagram below?

Answer： pairs
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

7. In the diagram below, the square has side length 20 cm, and the area of the
‘middle pentagon’ inside the square is 21 cm2. What is total area, in cm2, of all the
shaded regions?
20 cm

21
cm2

Answer： cm2
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

8. In a chess tournament, each participant plays with every other participant exactly
once. Each participant gets 1 point for a win, 0.5 point for a draw and 0 points for
a loss. At most how many of the 40 participants can score 24 points or more?

Answer： participants
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

9. There are 8 consecutive non-zero positive integers such that their sum can be
expressed as the sum of 7 consecutive positive integers and it cannot be expressed
as the sum of 3 consecutive positive integers. What is the minimum value of the
largest number among the 8 consecutive positive integers?

Answer：
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

10. Dissect the diagram below into two congruent parts which may be rotated or
reflected. Find the perimeter, in cm, of each part if the area of the original
diagram is 72 cm2.

Answer： cm
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

11. Five teams took park in a soccer tournament, where each team plays each other
exactly once. Each team gets 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points
for a loss. After all matches has been played, is it possible that the total point
scored of these five teams are five consecutive positive integers? If yes, provide
an example.

example
v.s. I II III IV V points
I
II
III
IV
□ My answer is YES, V
□ My answer is NO, the reason is
Answer
：
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

12. In each cell of the 5  5 grid shown below, Peter may place several stones or
leave it empty such that the total number of stones for each and every row and
columns are all different. What is the minimum number of stones that Peter
must use to satisfy the conditions?

Answer： stones
 ESSAY PROBLEMS
Name: Country: Index Number:

13. In the diagram below, the area of triangle EFG is equal to the area of triangle
CDG, the ratio between the area of triangles EBC and BCD is 3 : 2 and
AD : DC = 2 : 1. If the area of triangle BDF be 29 cm2, then what is the area,
in cm2, of triangle ABC?
A

E
D G
F
H
C B

Answer： cm2
 17th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad

EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
1. Suppose that we are living in a city where the streets are laid out on a square grid as
shown below. In this city, you are only allowed to move along vertical lines (streets
that are running in the north–south direction) or along horizontal lines (streets that
are running in the east–west direction). Suppose your home is located in point A and
you wanted to go to your friend’s house (point B), in order to measure the distance
travelled, you can’t just get a ruler and measure the distance between the two points
but rather as the distance you have to walk along the streets. Therefore, we define
the TCG distance between A and B and this can be obtained by going along one of
its shortest routes. For example, from A to B – 3 right and 3 down or 3 down and 3
right, so the TCG distance between A and B in the diagram is 6.
(a) How many points in the grid have TCG distance to A and to B are both 6? Draw the
diagram. (2 marks)
(b) How many points in the grid have TCG distance to A and to B are both 12? Draw the
diagram. (4 marks)

2. Divide the diagram below (only along the lines) such that the resulting diagram
will be divided into 7 identical (included its reflection) pieces.
3. The diagram below shows a triangular chessboard. A chess piece castle, indicated
as C, may attack along any of the three directions as highlighted below.

(a) Place as many castles in the chessboard

as possible so that no two castles could
attack each other. (3 marks)

(b) A chess piece bishop, indicated as B, may attack along the direction of any of
its angles. The two diagrams below show two examples on where the attack
ranges of bishops are highlighted. (While the broken lines indicate the
direction of the angles.)

Place as many bishops in the chessboard

as possible so that no bishop is in a
position that is attacking another.
(3 marks)
4. The diagram below shows a map of 23 towns connected by roads, with a video
arcade in each town. Andy, who loves to play video games, works in an office in
town O. Every day after work, he visits all the towns exactly once to play before
reaching home which is located in town H, spending much of his free time at the
video arcades, which means that he is ignoring his girlfriend. One day, she
decides to meet him on his way home, but he varies his routes all the time.
However, she has discovered that there is one road which he must always pass in
all the possible routes he can use, so she plans to wait for him along it. Which
road is it?

A B C D E
F G
H I J K L

M N O P Q
R
S T U V W

5. Anna and Boris play a game using the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Anna first
selects a positive integer k  8 , then Boris chooses k of these eight numbers, then
Anna chooses three of among the eight numbers. If the sum of every pair of
numbers chosen by Anna is among the numbers chosen by Boris, then Anna wins.
(a) What is the minimum value of k for which Anna has a winning strategy?
(2 marks)
(b) If Anna has a winning strategy for k, give a counterexample to show that for
k  1 Anna cannot guarantee a win. (4 marks)
6. There are 100 positive integers whose sum is equal to their product. Find all
possible products.
 MATHEMATICS
EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
ANSWER SHEET

Name : Index Number :

Country :

17th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad

Indonesia
22 January 2021

The following table is for jury use only.

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total

Score

Signature

Score

Signature
 EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
ANSWER SHEET

Country: Name: Index Number :

(1) (a) There are points as shown in the diagram below :

Score
(a)

(b)

(no partial score.)

(b) There are points as shown in the diagram below:

(no partial score.)

 EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
ANSWER SHEET

Country: Name: Index Number :

(2)

Score

(no partial score.)

(3) (a) There are castles (b) There are bishops
as shown in the diagram below: as shown in the diagram below:
Score (no partial score.) (no partial score.)
(a)

(b)

(4) Draw a possible route and she can wait for him along the road between towns
and . (no partial score.)

Score A B C D E
F G
H I J K L

M N O P Q
R
S T U V W
 EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
ANSWER SHEET

Country: Name: Index Number :

(5) (a) The minimum value of k for which Anna has a winning strategy is .
(no partial score.)
Score (b) If Anna has a winning strategy for k  , then Boris can choose
(a)
k  1 numbers such as ________________________________________,
so that Anna cannot guarantee a win.
(b) (no partial score.)

(6) The possible products are:

Score , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
(The number of correct answer minus the number of incorrect answer is net number
correct answer.)
 For Sketch Use
(1)

(2)
 For Sketch Use
(3)

(4)
A B C D E A B C D E
F G F G
H I J K L H I J K L

M N O P Q M N O P Q
R R
S T U V W S T U V W

A B C D E A B C D E
F G F G
H I J K L H I J K L

M N O P Q M N O P Q
R R
S T U V W S T U V W

A B C D E A B C D E
F G F G
H I J K L H I J K L

M N O P Q M N O P Q
R R
S T U V W S T U V W
 17th IMSO Answers
SHORT ANSWER
1. 25 2. 75 3. 6 4. 4 5. 860
6. 25 7. 998 8. 14 9. 1199976 10. 24
11. 252 12. 22 13. 3 14. 21 15. 31
16. 180 17. 225 18. 35 19. 960 20. T2 and T3
21. 4 22. 11 23. 519 24. 3750 25. 704

ESSAY PROBLEMS
1 1
4 2 2 6

1. 55 2. 7 3 5 7

6 8 8 4
5 3
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
3. 4. 4390 5. 32 6. 30
D C A B

7. 158 8. 31 9. 21 10. , 40

Yes, the final points are 3, 4, 23, the diagram below shows
5, 6 and 7 points and one one way to fill the grid.
example is as following:
0 0 0 0 0 0
I II III IV V points
0 0 0 0 1 1
I 1 3 0 3 7
11. 12. 0 0 0 0 5 5 13. 174
II 1 1 3 1 6
III 0 1 3 1 5 0 0 0 6 1 7
IV 3 0 0 1 4 2 3 4 0 1 10
V 0 1 1 1 3 2 3 4 6 8
EXPLORATION PROBLEMS
(a) There are 8 points as shown in the (b) There are 20 points as shown in the
diagram below: diagram below:

A
1. A
B B

2.

(a) 5 castles are placed as shown in (b) 18 bishops are placed as shown in
the diagram below: the diagram below:

B B B
3. C
C
C
C
C B BB BB B B BB BB B B BB
 She can wait for him along the road between towns C and D.
One possible route as shown in the diagram below:

A B C D E
F G

4. H I J K L

M N O P Q
R
S T U V W

(a) The minimum value of k for which Anna has a winning strategy is 6.
5.
If Anna has a winning strategy for k = 6 , then Boris can choose k − 1
(b)
numbers such as 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7, so that Anna cannot guarantee a win.

There are 5 possible products:

2 + 100 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 = 200 = 2  100  1  1  ...  1
98 terms 98 terms

4 + 34 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 = 136 = 4  34  1  1  ...  1

98 terms 98 terms

6. 10 + 12 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 = 120 = 10  12  1  1  ...  1

98 terms 98 terms

4 + 4 + 7 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 = 112 = 4  4  7  1  1  ...  1

97 terms 97 terms

2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 = 108 = 2  2  3  3  3  1  1  ...  1

95 terms 95 terms