UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

SIBALOM, ANTIQUE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

CENGG 5

REDUCING FIELD SAMPLES TO

TESTING SIZE
LABORATORY NO. 1

A REPORT SUBMITTED BY:

BSCE 3A
GROUP 5

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR KENT JOHN A. BALLARTA
INSTRUCTOR

DATE STARTED:
DATE FINISHED:
I. OBJECTIVES

THE CORRECT METHOD OF OBTAINING A

SAMPLE OF AGGREGATES FOR MEHCANICAL
ANALYSIS IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF
MATERIALS TESTING. THE PURPOSE OF THIS
EXERCISE IS TO OBTAIN THE REPRESENTATIVE
SAMPLES FOR TESTING.

II. INSTRUMENT/MATERIALS USED

REPRSENTATIVE SAMPLES OF AGGREGATE

STANDARD 1 INCH DIAMTER SIEVE
SPADE
CONTAINERS
SACKS
TARP

IV. PROCEDURE

1. TAKE A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF

AGGREGATE AND PLACE IT IN A CONTAINER.

2. WASH THE SAMPLE THOROUGHLY WITH WATER

SO THAT IT WILL BE FREE FROM SILT AND
CLAY.

3. DRY THE SAMPLE.

4. PASS IT THROUGH ONE INCH SIEVE AND

DISREGARD THE SAMPLE WITH MORE THAN 1
INCH DIAMETER.

5. MAKE A MOUNT AND DIVIDE IT INTO PART.

THE OPPOSITE DIVISION MUST BE TAKEN FOR
MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATES.
IV. CONCLUSION

BASED ON MY OBSERVATION, IT IS QUITE

IMPRESSIVE KNOWING THIS KIND OF PROCEDURE
ON HOW TO GET THE SAMPLES FROM THE FIELD
AND PREPARING THEM FOR TESTING.
EXPERIENCING WASHING THE AGGREGATES
REQUIRES PATIENCE BECAUSE WE NEED TO
MAKE IT CLEAN THAT IS FREE FROM SILTS AND
CLAYS. ADDITIONALLY, DRYING THE AGGREGATES
AND SIEVING THEM ARE ANOTHER PROCEDURE
THAT ARE CRUCIAL IN THIS EXERCISE TO MAKE
SURE THE GRAINS WILL BE SEPERATED
THROUGH SIZES.
 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
SIBALOM, ANTIQUE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

CENGG 5

DETERMINATION OF UNIT WEIGHT

OF COARSE AGGREGATES
LABORATORY NO. 2

A REPORT SUBMITTED BY:

BSCE 3A
GROUP 5

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR KENT JOHN A. BALLARTA
INSTRUCTOR

DATE STARTED:
DATE FINISHED:
I. DISCUSSION

THE UNIT WEIGHT OF AGGREGATE IS

USUALLY EXPRESSED IN POUNDS PER CUBIC
FOOT. UNIT WEIGHT IS SIGNIFICANT IN THAT IT
GIVES A MEASURE OF THE VOID AND VOLUME OF
AGGREGATE. THE VOIDS OF AGGREGATES DEPEND
UPON MANY FACTORS AFFECT THEM, INCLUDING
SIZE, SHAPE, AND SURFACE TEXTURE OF
AGGREGATE. GRADATION, MOISTURE CONTENT,
AND COMPACTION. FOR GENERAL INFORMATION
AND FOR COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT
AGGREGATE, THE STANDARD CONDITIONS OF
DETERMINING THE UNIT WEIGHT ARE DRY AND
MOIST.

II. OBJECTIVE

TO COMPARE THE DIFFERENT AGGREGGATES

AND TO DETERMINE ITS UNIT WEIGHT.

III. EQUIPMENT

VOLUME MEASURE
TAMPING ROD
WEIGHING SCALE
MEASURING TAPE
CONTAINERS

IV. PROCEDURE

1. SELECT APPROXIMATELY 60 LB OF DRY,

THOROUGHLY MIXED COARSE AGGREGATE.
2. FILL THE MEASURE ONE-THIRD FULL, LEVEL
THE SURFACE, AND TAMP 25 TIMES EVENLY
DISTRIBUTED OVER THE SURFACE.

3. FILL THE MEASURE TWO-THIRDS FULL, LEVEL,

AND TAMP 25 TIMES OVER THE SURFACE.
ENSURE ENOUGH FORCE SHOULD BE USED TO
ALLOW THE TAMPING ROD TO PENETRATE THE
LAYER OF AGGREGATE PLACE IN THE MEASURE.

4. FILL THE MEASURE TO OVERFLOWING, TAMP

AS BEFORE, AND SCRAPE OFF THE SURPLUS
USING THE TAMPING ROD OVER THE SRUFACE.
DO NOT COMPRESS THE AGGREGATE.

5. DETERMINE THE UNIT WEIGHT, COMPUTE THE

WEIGHT, AND MAKE AT LEAST TWO
DETERMINATIONS. RESULTS SHOULD AGREE
WITHIN ONE PERCENT.
V. SOLVING
BUGASONG
TRIALS WT. WT. OF DIAMETER HEIGH
OF PAIL W/ OF PAIL T OF
PAIL AGGREGATE (M) PAIL
(KG S (M)
) (KG) D1 D2
1 0.27 14.15 0.24 0.20 0.206
3 4
2 0.27 14.04 0.24 0.20 0.206
3 4
 3 0.27 14.03 0.24 0.20 0.206
3 4
AVERAG 0.27 14.07 0.24 0.20 0.206
E 3 4

VOLUME (V)
πH 2
V= (R + r 2 + rR)
3

π(0.206)
V= (0.12152 + 0.1022 + (0.102)(0.1215))
3

V = 8.102382653 × 10−3 m3

UNIT WEIGHT (Y)

W
γ=
V

14.07 − 0.27
γ=
8.102382653 × 10−3 m3

γ = 1703.203 kg/m3

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (G )

γ
Gs =
1000

1703.203
Gs =
1000

Gs = 1.703
 VALDERRAMA
TRIALS WT. WT. OF DIAMETER OF HEIGHT
OF PAIL W/ PAIL OF PAIL
PAIL AGGREGATES (M) (M)
(KG) (KG) D1 D2
1 0.27 15.02 0.243 0.204 0.206
2 0.27 15.03 0.243 0.204 0.206
3 0.27 15.01 0.243 0.204 0.206
AVERAGE 0.27 15.02 0.243 0.204 0.206

VOLUME (V)
πH 2
V= (R + r 2 + rR)
3

π(0.206)
V= (0.12152 + 0.1022 + (0.102)(0.1215))
3

V = 8.102382653 × 10−3 m3

UNIT WEIGHT (Y)

W
γ=
V

15.02 − 0.27
γ=
8.102382653 × 10−3 m3

γ = 1820.452 kg/m3

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (G )

γ
Gs =
1000

1820.452
Gs =
1000

Gs = 1.820
VI. CONCLUSION

BASED ON MY OBSERVATION, WHEN TAKING

AND CALCULATING THE UNIT WEIGHT OF
AGGREGATE, IT REQUIRES CAREEFUL AND
PRECISE EXECUTION OF PRCEDURE TO AVOID
ERRORS IN GETTING THE DATA. THE RESULT OF
THE LABORATORY SHOWS THAT THE UNIT WEIGHT
AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF AGGREGATE FROM
VALDERRAMA IS LARGER COMPARED TO
BUGASONG. THAT MEANS THAT THE AGGREGATE
FROM VALDERRAMA IS MORE DURABLE AND
QUALITY THAN OF BUGASONG.
 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
SIBALOM, ANTIQUE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

CENGG 5

DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC
GRAVITY AND ABSORPTION OF
COARSE AGGREGATES
LABORATORY NO. 3

A REPORT SUBMITTED BY:

BSCE 3A
GROUP 5

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR KENT JOHN A. BALLARTA
INSTRUCTOR

DATE STARTED:
DATE FINISHED:
I. OBJECTIVES

TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND

ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE.

II. EQUIPMENT

SCALE SENSITIVE TO 0.01 IN/G

WIRE MESH BASKET
BALANCE SENSITIVE TO 1G
DRYING OVEN
3/8 SEIEVE

III. PROCEDURE

1. SOAK COARSE AGGREGATE UNDER WATER FOR 14

HRS. (DONE BY YOU INSTRUCTED BY YOUR LAB
INSTRUCTOR).
2. OBTAIN APPEOXIMATELY 5KG. OF SATURATED
COARSE AGGREGATE (RETAINED ON 3/8 SIEVE).
3. TOWEL THE AGGREGATE TO THE SATURATED
SURFACE DRY CONDITION (SSD).
4. MEASURE SSD WEIGHT (B) OF AGGREGATE IN AIR
TO THE NEAREST 1G. DO THIS QUICKLY TO PREVENT
EVAPORATION.
5. PLACE A SAMPLE IN A WIRE MESH BASKET AND
DETERMINE ITS WEIGHT IN WATER (C). BE SURE TO
SUBTRACT THE SUBMERGED WEIGHT TO THE TOTAL
WEIGHT IN WATER.
6. PLACE WET AGGREGATE IN OVEN NAD DRY TO
CONSTANT WEIGHT (A). LEAVE THE AGGREGATE IN
OVEN OVERNIGHT.
7. FROM THE ABOVE DATA ( A, B, AND C)
CALCULATE THE TYPES OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND
ABSORPTION AS DEFINED BELOW:
1. APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY =

2. BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SSD) =

3. BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (DRY) =

4. ABSORPTION PERCENT =
 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
SIBALOM, ANTIQUE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

CENGG 5

DETERMINATION OF SURFACE
MOISTURE OF COARSE
AGGREGATES
LABORATORY NO. 4

A REPORT SUBMITTED BY:

BSCE 3A
GROUP 5

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR KENT JOHN A. BALLARTA
INSTRUCTOR

DATE STARTED:
DATE FINISHED:
I. OBJECTIVES

TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF SURFACE

MOISTURE IN COARSE AGGREGATE BY DISPLACEMENT
IN WATER.

II. EQUIPMENT

SAMPLE OF AGGREGATE
BALACE
FLASK

III. PROCEDURE

1. THE SURFACE WATER CONTENT MAYBE DETERMINE

EITHER BY WEIGHT OR VOLUME, IN EACH CASE THE
TEST SHALL BE MADE AT A TEMPERATURE RANGE OF
18 – 29 ˚C ( 65 – 85 ˚F ).
2. DETERMINATION BY WEIGHT – FILL THHE
CONTAINER TO THE MARK WITH WATER AND
DETERMINE THE WEIGHT IN GRAMS. EMPTY THE
CONTAINER ABD PLACE ENOUGH WATER IN IT TO
COVER THE SAMPLE. INTRODUCE THE WEIGHTED
SAMPLE OF COARSE AGGREGATES INTO THE
CONTAINER AND REMOVE THE ENTRAINED AIR. FILL
THE CONTAINER TO THE ORIGINAL MARK AND
DETERMINE THE WEIGHT IN GRAMS. CALCULATE THE
AMOUNT OF WATER DISPLACED BY THE SAMPLES AS
FOLLOWS:

WHERE:
V – WEIGHT OF DISPLACED BY THE SAMPLE
W – WEIGHT OF CONTAINER FILLED TO THE MARK
WITH WATER
W – WEIGHT OF SAMPLE
W – WEIGHT OF CONTAINER AND SAMPLE, FILLED TO
THE MARK WITH WATER
3. DETERMINATION BY VOLUME – MEASURE A
COLUME OF WATER, MILLI SUFFICIENT TO COVER
THE SAMPLE AND PLACE IN THE CONTAINER.
INTRODUCE THE WEIGHED SAMPLE OF AGGREGATE
INTO THE CONTAINER AND REMOVE THE ENTRAINED
AIR. DETERMINE THE COMBINED VOLUME OF THE
SAMPLE AND THE WATER BY DIRECT READING WHEN
A GRADUATED FLASK IS USED. WHEN A PYCNOMETER
OR VOLUMETRIC FLASH OR KNOWN VOLUME IS
USED, DETERMINE THE COMBINED VOLUME OF THE
SAMPLE AND THE WATER BY FILLING THE MARK WITH
A MEASURE VOLUME OF WATER, CALCULATE THE
AMOUNT OF WATER DISPLACED BY THE SAMPLE AS
FOLLOWS:

WHERE:
V – VOLUME OF WATER DISPLACED BY THE SAMPLE,
L
V – COMBINED VOLUME OF SAMPLE AND WATER, L
V – VOLUME OF WATER REQUIRED TO COVER THE
SAMPLE, L
 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
SIBALOM, ANTIQUE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

CENGG 5

CONSISTENCY OF STANDARD
CEMENT PASTE
LABORATORY NO. 5

A REPORT SUBMITTED BY:

BSCE 3A
GROUP 5

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR KENT JOHN A. BALLARTA
INSTRUCTOR

DATE STARTED:
DATE FINISHED:
I. OBJECTIVE

TO FIND OUT FOR A GIVEN CEMENT THE

QUANTITY OF WATER TO BE MIXED TO GIVE A PASTE
OF NORMAL CONSISTENCY.

II. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

SAMPLE OF CEMENT
BALANCE SENSITIVE OF NO 0.1G
VICAT APPRATUS
SPATULA

III. PROCEDURE

1. WEIGH ACCURATELY ABOUT 300G OF NEAT

CEMENT SAMPLE TO BE USED.
2. MIX ABOUT 25 CLEAN WATER TO THE CEMENT
BY MEANS OF SPATULA.
3. AFTER ABOUT A MINUTE, MIX IT THOROUGHLY
WITH HANDS FOR ATLEAST ONE MINUTE.
4. THE KNEADED PASTE IS FORMED INTO BALL AND
TOSSED ABOUT SIX (6) TIMES FROM ONE HAND TO
ANOTHER.
5. THE BALL IS THEN PRESSED INTO A RUBBER
MOLD AND THE EXCESS PASTE IS REMOVED.
6. THE LARGER END OF THE ROD IS BROUGHT IN
CONTACT WITH THE SURFACE OF THE PASTE AND
READING ON THE SCALE IS TAKEN.
7. THE ROD IS THEN TAKEN QUICKLY RELEASED
WITHOUT ANY JERK AND PENETRATION NOTED. IF
THE ROD PENETRATES BY 33 TO 35 , THE PASTE
IS SAID TO BE “NORMAL CONSISTENCY”.
8. THE TIME TAKEN BETWEEN ADDING OF WATER TO
CEMENT AND THE FILLING OF THE MOLD SHOULD BE
BETWEEK 3 TO 5 MINUTES.
9. DETERMINE THE PERCENTAGE FOR WHICH
DESIRED PENETRATION IS OBTAINED THE AMOUNT OF
THE WATER IS EXPRESSED AS PERCENTAGE BY WT.
OF DRY CEMENT USUALLY 30 .
 UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
SIBALOM, ANTIQUE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING

CENGG 5

SLUMP TEST OF A CONCRETE

LABORATORY NO. 6

A REPORT SUBMITTED BY:

BSCE 3A
GROUP 5

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR KENT JOHN A. BALLARTA
INSTRUCTOR

DATE STARTED:
DATE FINISHED:
I. OBJECTIVE

TO DETERMINE THE SETTLEMENT OF CONCRETE

USING SLUMP CONE.

II. MATERIALS

SLUMP CONE
PORTLAND CEMENT
SAND AND GRAVEL
SPADE
STANDARD SIEVE 1”
CONTAINER
MIXING BOX

III. PROCEDURE

1. TAKE A SAMPLE OF CEMENT, SAND, AND GRAVEL.

2. WASH THE SAND AND GRAVEL THOROUGHLY WITH
A WATER THAT IT WILL BE FREE FROM SILT AND
CLAY.
4. WEIGH EQUAL AMOUNT OF SAND AND GRAVEL FOR
A TOTAL OF ABOUT 15KG. AND PLACE THEM IN
MIXING BOX. ADD 2KG. OF CEMENT, ADD WATER
USING THE WATER CEMENT TARIO OF 0.45, 0.55 OR
0.65. KEEP PRECISE RECORDS OF AMOUNTS. IT IS
CONVENIENT TO MEASURE THE BEAKER. MIX THEM
THOROUGHLY. USE A MIXTURE OF 1:2:4.
4. PUT THE CONCRETE MIXTURE TO THE SLUMP
CONE DEVICE UP TO THE DEPTH OF 4”. TAMP WITH
ROD EVENLY DISTRIBUTED OVER A CROSSS SECTION.
TAMP IT 25 TIMES.
5. AGAIN ADD THE DEVICE ANOTHER PORTION OF
THE CONCRETE MIXTURE ANOTHER 4” DEEP.
6. ADD A CONCRETE TO A DEVICE UNTIL IT IS
FULL. ROD IT AGAIN FOR 25 TIMES OF A DEPTH OF
4”. THEN LEVEL THE TOP OF THE CONE.
7. GENTLY LIFT THE SLUMP CONE DEVICE BY
LIFTING IT FROM THE HANDLE.
8. MEASURE THE DISTANCE OF THE SETTING AND
COMPARE THE RESULT TO THE ALLOWABLE SLUMP.
SHOWN IN THE PREVIOUS TABLE.
 TO FIND OUT FOR A GIVEN CEMENT THE QUANTITY OF
WATER TO BE MIXED TO GIVE A PASTE OF NORMAL
CONSISTENCY.

SAMPLE OF CEMENT
BALANCE SENSITIVE OF NO 0.1G
VICAT APPRATUS
SPATULA

1. WEIGH ACCURATELY ABOUT 300G OF NEAT CEMENT

SAMPLE TO BE USED.
2. MIX ABOUT 25 CLEAN WATER TO THE CEMENT BY
MEANS OF SPATULA.
3. AFTER ABOUT A MINUTE, MIX IT THOROUGHLY WITH
HANDS FOR ATLEAST ONE MINUTE.
4. THE KNEADED PASTE IS FORMED INTO BALL AND TOSSED
ABOUT SIX (6) TIMES FROM ONE HAND TO ANOTHER.
5. THE BALL IS THEN PRESSED INTO A RUBBER MOLD AND
THE EXCESS PASTE IS REMOVED.
6. THE LARGER END OF THE ROD IS BROUGHT IN CONTACT
WITH THE SURFACE OF THE PASTE AND READING ON THE
SCALE IS TAKEN.
7. THE ROD IS THEN TAKEN QUICKLY RELEASED WITHOUT
ANY JERK AND PENETRATION NOTED. IF THE ROD
PENETRATES BY 33 TO 35 , THE PASTE IS SAID TO BE
“NORMAL CONSISTENCY”.
8. THE TIME TAKEN BETWEEN ADDING OF WATER TO CEMENT
AND THE FILLING OF THE MOLD SHOULD BE BETWEEK 3 TO
5 MINUTES.
9. DETERMINE THE PERCENTAGE FOR WHICH DESIRED
PENETRATION IS OBTAINED THE AMOUNT OF THE WATER IS
EXPRESSED AS PERCENTAGE BY WT. OF DRY CEMENT
USUALLY 30 .
 TO DETERMINE THE SETTLEMENT OF CONCRETE USING
SLUMP CONE.

SLUMP CONE
PORTLAND CEMENT
SAND AND GRAVEL
SPADE
STANDARD SIEVE 1”
CONTAINER
MIXING BOX

1. TAKE A SAMPLE OF CEMENT, SAND, AND GRAVEL.

2. WASH THE SAND AND GRAVEL THOROUGHLY WITH A
WATER THAT IT WILL BE FREE FROM SILT AND CLAY.
4. WEIGH EQUAL AMOUNT OF SAND AND GRAVEL FOR A
TOTAL OF ABOUT 15KG. AND PLACE THEM IN MIXING BOX.
ADD 2KG. OF CEMENT, ADD WATER USING THE WATER
CEMENT RATIO OF 0.45, 0.55 OR 0.65. KEEP PRECISE
RECORDS OF AMOUNTS. IT IS CONVENIENT TO MEASURE THE
BEAKER. MIX THEM THOROUGHLY. USE A MIXTURE OF 1:2:4.
4. PUT THE CONCRETE MIXTURE TO THE SLUMP CONE
DEVICE UP TO THE DEPTH OF 4”. TAMP WITH ROD EVENLY
DISTRIBUTED OVER A CROSS SECTION. TAMP IT 25 TIMES.
5. AGAIN ADD THE DEVICE ANOTHER PORTION OF THE
CONCRETE MIXTURE ANOTHER 4” DEEP.
6. ADD A CONCRETE TO A DEVICE UNTIL IT IS FULL. ROD IT
AGAIN FOR 25 TIMES OF A DEPTH OF 4”. THEN LEVEL THE
TOP OF THE CONE.
7. GENTLY LIFT THE SLUMP CONE DEVICE BY LIFTING IT
FROM THE HANDLE.
8. MEASURE THE DISTANCE OF THE SETTING AND COMPARE
THE RESULT TO THE ALLOWABLE SLUMP. SHOWN IN THE
PREVIOUS TABLE.