Industrial Hygiene: by - Iram Danish SEMT-48
Industrial Hygiene: by - Iram Danish SEMT-48
BY – IRAM DANISH
1 SEMT-48
Definition of
Occupational / Industrial Hygiene
2
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
3
Definitions – Industrial
Hygiene
IOHA AIHA
Occupational Hygiene is the Industrial Hygiene is “That science
discipline of anticipating, and art devoted to the anticipation,
recognizing, evaluating and recognition, evaluation, and control of
controlling health hazards in the those environmental factors and
working environment with the stresses arising in or from the
objective of protecting worker workplace, which may cause sickness,
health and well-being and impaired health and well-being, or
safeguarding the community at significant discomfort among workers
large.” or among citizens of the community”
4
What is the difference between
Industrial hygiene and
Occupational hygiene?
• The term Industrial Hygiene originated in the USA while in other
parts of the world it is known as Occupational Hygiene.
• In some ways the term Occupational is a better description as health
risks occur in all places that people work such as offices, shops,
hospitals and farms, not just in places you would think of as
industrial.
5
Qualification of an Industrial
Hygienist
• A person having a college or university degree (s) in
engineering, chemistry, physics, medicine or related
physical and biological sciences, who has also
received specialised training in recognition, evaluation,
and control of workplace stressors and therefore
achieved competence in industrial hygiene.
6
Basic Principles of
Industrial Hygiene
1. Anticipation of potential health risks
2. Recognition of existing health hazards at the
workplace
3. Evaluation of health risks
4. Control of unacceptable risks
7
Anticipation of
potential risks
• Best done –
❒ in the design stage of a process or equipment or
❒ at the formulation stage of a new substance or
chemical
8
Anticipation of
potential risks
• Basic information to consider:
❒ Characteristics of the process or equipment
❒ Physical and chemical properties of the formulation
❒ Adverse health effects from past experience and
reported cases of occupational diseases and
poisoning
9
Recognition of Health
Hazards
• This may be achieved through –
a. Workplace inspection
i. Look at workplace environment, work processes,
types of materials & equipment used;
ii. Observe workers at work
DipOSH_2011(Tay) 10
Recognition of Health
Hazards
b. Health surveillance and area
monitoring
c. Workers health records
d. Review of past Incident investigation reports.
e. Discussion with the management and workers
11
Harmful Factors that exist
at the Workplace
12
Health Hazards encountered at
Work
1. Chemical Substances
2. Physical agents.
3. Biological agents
4. Ergonomics
5. Psychological factors.
DipOSH_2011(Ta
13
Chemical Hazards
Common Types
1. Solvents
2. Metals
3. Acids and Bases
4. Pesticides
14
Physical Hazards
15
Biological Hazards
• Micro organisms
– Bacteria, viruses and Parasites.
– The virus of contagious diseases may spread
•
through its vectors.
• Toxins (spider, snake, scorpion, jellyfish,
wasp) Plants (fungi, yeast, cotton dusts)
17
Ergonomic Hazards
Examples of unsuitable work conditions or physical incapacity:
19
Objectives of Risk Evaluation (Assessment)
20
Risk Evaluation – what to look at?
Hazard Component
= Magnitude of hazard and the potential adverse health effects from
possible routes of entry or contact.
Exposure Component
= Chances of overexposure occurring by taking into account:
i. Characteristics of
exposure
ii. Level of exposure
21
Risk Evaluation
✓
How are they exposed?
€ Inhalation
€ SkinAbsorption
€ Ingestion
22
Risk Evaluation
(ii) Level of Exposure
• Frequency of exposure
– daily, weekly, monthly?
• Duration of exposure
– by seconds, minutes, hours?
• Intensity of exposure
– high, medium, low?
23
Risk Evaluation
(ii) Level of Exposure
– Exposure intensity -
Quantitative
• Using equipment to measure
the intensity or magnitude of
exposure
Field Sling Psychrometer
24
Risk Conclusion
• Risk conclusion is made after taking into
account
25
Control of Health Risks
26
Principle of Risk Control
27
Principle of Risk Control
28
Principle of Risk Control
3. Controls should target below the
permissible exposure limits
❒ Risk is reduced if worker exposure is below the
permissible limits
❒ Exposure beyond the permissible limits is harmful to
worker health
❒ Violation of Regulations, if PEL is exceeded
DipOSH_2011(Tay) 29
Principle of Risk Control
4. Controls should be as low as reasonably
practicable , especially in cases where there is no
data on the permissible exposure limit
30
Hierarchy of Risk Controls
• It is a list of protection strategies that are
rated in order of priority from the best to the
worst.
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Isolation
4. Engineering controls
5. Administrative controls - Safe work practices and
procedures
6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
31
Other Methods to increase the levels of
Control on health risk at the Workplace
32
Tay
33