Lesson Title:

MODULE: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

Lesson Objective:

At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:

1. Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovation that have emerged over
the past few years.
2. Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
3. Explore the evolution of the internet.
4. Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
5. Discuss the fundamental terms and definition used in the internet.

Lectures and Annotations:

Lesson 1: THE WEB

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing
text and graphic images. The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected documents or
content. It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related
information. A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web
site. The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back
to is called the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA
FBCS, also known as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the
inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University
of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking
web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align
elements on page.

• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
 • It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

Example of Web 1.0

• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.

Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.

 It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
 This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
 People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
 Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just
reading a page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page
refers to the web pages that are affected by user input or preference.
 Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social
media, blogging and Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

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 A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with
friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a social
purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as:

Example

Facebook Pinterest

Twitter Tumblr

Linkdln Instagram

Google + Page

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web

consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically
displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of
the web page.

Example
Wordpress Blogger Tumbler

C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience
directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope
of the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for
maintaining its internal knowledge base.

Example:
Wikipedia Wikivoyage

Wilkibooks Wikidata

Wikiversity Wikinews

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Coomns Wikispecies

Wiktionary Media Wiki

Wikiquote +

A. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the
public at large or to invited guests.

Example:
Youtube Photobucket
Facebook Twitter
LinkedIn Veoh
Flickr Dailymotion
Photobucket VimeoPRO
LinkedIn Myspace.com
Flickr Metacafe

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Key Features of
Web 2.0:

 Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information

using freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging).
 Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s
input. An example would be a website that shows local content.
 User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able
to put content. Others are able to place a content on their own by means of
comments, reviews, and evaluation.
 Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time
purchase. This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges
you for the amount of time you spent on Internet or a data plan that charges
you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third
generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded
with more features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way
interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web
technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine
learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and
reuse to deliver web content specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the
system rather than humans.

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Types of websites:

• eCommerce Website
is a website people can directly buy products from you’re probably used a
number of eCommerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of
smaller ones have one. Any website that includes a shopping cart and a way
for you to provide credit card information to make a purchase falls into this
category.
• Business Website
is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It
should be branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and
communicate the types of products and/or services the business offers.

• Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably
think of a few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.

• Portfolio Website
are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service
providers who want to show potential clients the quality of the work they
provide can use a portfolio website to collect some of the best samples of
past work they’ve done. This type of website is simpler to build than a
business website and more focused on a particular task: collecting work
samples.

• Media Website
collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here
with entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include
reported pieces in addition to or instead of content meant purely for
entertainment.

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• Brochure Website
are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that
know they need an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it
(maybe you’re confident you’ll continue to get most of your business from
other sources), a simple brochure site that includes just a few pages that lay
out the basics of what you do and provide contact information may be
enough for you.

• Nonprofit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online
presence, nonprofits do as well. A nonprofit website is the easiest way for
many potential donors to make donations and will be the first place many
people look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to
support it.

• Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online
courses fall into the category of educational websites. These websites have
the primary goal of either providing educational materials to visitors or
providing information on an educational institution to them.

• Infopreneur Website
websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but
they represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and
sell information products. That could be in the form of courses, tutorials,
videos or eBooks.

• Personal Website
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another.
Many people find value in creating personal websites to put their own
thoughts out into the world. This category includes personal blogs, vlogs,

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 and photo diaries people share with the world.
• Web Portal
are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business,
organization, or institution. They collect information in different formats
from different sources into one place to make all relevant information
accessible to the people who need to see it. They often involve a login and
personalized views for different users that ensure the information that’s
accessible is most useful to their particular needs.

• Wiki or Community Forum Website

Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous
example of one out there: Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty
much any subject you can imagine. A wiki is any website where various
users are able to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks and
changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan communities, for business
resources, and for collecting valuable information sources.

LESSON 2: THE INTERNET

The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the
world that connects billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination
between “interconnection” and “network”. Network is a collection of computers and
devices connected via communication channels and transmission media allow to share
resources (hardware, software, data, information). Generally, nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet

ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an
experimental computer network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation
to every computer in the network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect
the network. In 1982 the word internet started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case
Western Reserve University 1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect
to internet. Now all people can connect to the internet and improve their life and work
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quality. The internet support various aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is
an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet",
sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.
B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer

program and it’s user.
Types of Servers
 Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business
logic for an application program.
 Web Server – a computer program that serves requested
HTML pages or files.
 Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an
intermediary between an endpoint device, such as
computer and another server from which a user is
requesting.
 Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-
mail from local users and remote senders and forward
outgoing e-mail for delivery
 File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage
and management of data files so that other computer on the
same network can access them.
 Policy Server – is a security component of a policy –
based network that provides authorization services and
facilities tracking and control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This

provides identity to a network device.
3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look
information on the web.
Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera,

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 Mozilla

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access

information
online through domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com,

www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia

5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for

accessing using or participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in
cities and towns nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

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C. Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data

lines and wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billion of webpages that you can view with a web browser.
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and
videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other
over the Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application updates
can typically downloaded from the Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser
how to place pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a
user clicks on a link within a web page, that link, which is coded with HTML,

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 links the user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote
resource on the world wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a
bit or 0 is a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication
standard of web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and
pictures should work correctly in a web browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates
that the web page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal
information and passwords from others.
• Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the
traffic cop for network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A
router can be wired or wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from
eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into
meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents)
used on the Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting
messages to multiple newsgroups or doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www
browser users search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases.

Online Resources / Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8hzJxb0rpc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M

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 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU

References

• Abraham, R., Jas, F., Russell, W. (2005) The Web Empowerment Book: An
Introduction and Connection Guide to the Internet and the World-Wide Web.
Springer-Verlag New York
• Evolution of the web retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-
10-to-web- 30-evolution-of-the-web-and-its-various-challenges
• Types of websites retrieved from https://www.hostgator.com/blog/popular-types-
websites- create/
Subhash Basishtha Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 – Evolution of the Web and its Various
Challenges. Retrieved from https://slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web-30-
evolution-of-the-web- and-its-various-challenges
• What is internet Retrieved
from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_overview.htm
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://techterms.com/definition/internet
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.comentum.com/internet-
terms.html
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.lifewire.com/top-
internet-terms-for- beginners-2483381

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