1) What Do You Know About Computer?: 2) What Is IP Address and Why Is It Unique
1) What Do You Know About Computer?: 2) What Is IP Address and Why Is It Unique
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical
operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of
operations known as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The
term computer system may refer to a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating
system, software, and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or to a group of computers that
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number.[2] However, because of the growth
of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the
IP address, was standardized in 1998.[3][4][5] IPv6 deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s.
IP addresses are written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 192.0.2.1 in IPv4,
and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 in IPv6. The size of the routing prefix of the address is designated in CIDR
notation by suffixing the address with the number of significant bits, e.g., 192.0.2.1/24, which is equivalent to
the historically used subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and by
five regional Internet registries (RIRs) responsible in their designated territories for assignment to local Internet
registries, such as Internet service providers (ISPs), and other end users. IPv4 addresses were distributed by
IANA to the RIRs in blocks of approximately 16.8 million addresses each, but have been exhausted at the IANA
level since 2011. Only one of the RIRs still has a supply for local assignments in Africa.[6] Some IPv4 addresses
are reserved for private networks and are not globally unique.Network administrators assign an IP address to
each device connected to a network. Such assignments may be on a static (fixed or permanent)
or dynamic basis, depending on network practices and software features.
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