STRUCTURLAM

CrossLam TM

by
STRUCTURLAM Cross Laminated Timber
Design Guide
Introduction
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has been manufactured in
Europe for over a decade. CLT is a revolutionary building
system that substitutes for concrete, masonry and steel
in some applications. Ideal for floors, walls, and roofs,
CLT has been described as the perfect structural solution.
Structurlam has created its own line of Cross Laminated
Timber called CrossLam. Using layers of locally sourced
softwood stacked at right angles and glued together,
CrossLam provides load distribution and dimensional
stability in all directions.

With its cross-layered construction, reduced carbon

footprint, formaldehyde free adhesive and ready to
assemble system, CrossLam by Structurlam is the green
choice for schools, health care facilities public buildings,
commercial buildings, and multi-family housing.

The contents of this guide provide technical information

to allow architects and engineers to specify CrossLam.

Carbon Footprint Technical

The environmental benefits of CrossLam speak for them-
selves. Because CrossLam is made of wood, it possesses a Approvals
number of inherent positive environmental characteristics CrossLam meets the requirements of
common to all wood products. the Standard for Performance Rated
CLT ANSI/APA PRG 320.
According to life cycle assessment studies, these include
carbon storage, lower greenhouse gas emissions dur-
ing the manufacturing process, and an overall lighter
environmental footprint than non-wood materials. Table of Contents

Benefits of CrossLam Introduction

Carbon Footprint
2
2
CrossLam has many of the benefits that other building Benefits of CrossLam 2
materials just don’t have. Technical Approvals 2
Our Approach 3
• Up to 6 times lighter than concrete. Panel Characteristics 4
• Dimensional stability and static strength in all directions. Appearance Classification 5
• Cost competitive against steel and concrete.
• Reduced construction time.
Connection Details 6-7
• Space creator, 1/3 thinner than concrete. Load Tables 8-12
• Less demand for skilled workers on site.
 Our Approach
Structurlam’s CrossLam has all the advantages of prefabricated buildings in
addition to the Structurlam Advantage:
• Our state of the art manufacturing facility allows us to efficiently produce
large volumes of world class, certified panels.
• Our planer can finish smooth all 4 sides to expose panel surfaces and ensure
a perfect fit.
• Our Design Team can provide fully engineered design solutions for floors,
roof, walls, and all connection details.
• Our Installation Partners can install any size of project.
• We manufacture panels using environmentally friendly resins that are free
from formaldehyde and colour.
• The Structurlam Team is here to make your project a success.

General Contractors Owners receive an

Architects and Engineers receive
receive a proven building innovative, truly green
Designers can a strong, stable
system that is predictable building that is on
design with freedom. building.
and installs with ease. budget and on time.

FLOOR SLAB COMPARISON CROSSLAM VS. CONCRETE

CrossLam SLAB RATIO VIBRATION
MAX CONCRETE SLAB
PANEL THICKNESS CLT/CONC CONTROLLED
SPANS ONE END CONT
THICKNESS REQUIRED THICKNESS SPAN
(m) dx24 (m)
(mm) (mm) (%) (m)
SLT3 99 150 66 3.5 2.4
SLT5 169 200 85 4.9 4.1
SLT7 239 260 92 6.2 5.8
SLT9 309 310 100 7.4 7.4

Text in red indicates CrossLam thickness advantage.

Panel Characteristics
Name Layers Depth Inner Lams Outer Lams Weight (lbs) Weight
(mm) (mm) (mm) per sq. ft (kg) per sq.
metre
SLT3 3 layers 99 inner lams 35 outer lams 32 10.5 51.2
SLT5 5 layers 169 inner lams 35 outer lams 32 17.0 83.0
SLT7 7 layers 239 inner lams 35 outer lams 32 25.0 122.0
SLT9 9 layers 309 inner lams 35 outer lams 32 32.0 156.2

Structurlam CLT Design Guide - Ver. 6 3

Panel
Characteristics
Maximum Panel Size 3.0m x 12.2m (10’ X 40’)
Maximum Planed Panel Size 2.4m x 12.2m (8’ x 40’)
Maximum Thickness 309 mm
Production Widths 2.4m & 3.0m (8’ & 10’)
Panel Edges: ¼” chamfer on long edges
Moisture Content 12% (+/-2%) at time of production
Glue Specifications Purbond polyurethane adhesive
Wood Species SPF No.1/No. 2, other species available upon request
Squareness Panel face diagonals shall not differ by more than 3.2mm
Straightness Deviation of edges from a straight line between adjacent
panel corners shall not exceed 1.6 mm
Dimensional Tolerances
Thickness: +/- 1.6mm (1/16 in) or 2% of the CrossLam thickness
which ever is greater
Width: +/- 1.6 mm (1/16 in) per foot (305 mm) of CrossLam width
Length: +/- 3.2 mm (1/8 in) up to 6100 mm (20 ft) and +/- 3.2 mm
(1/8 in) for each additional 6100 mm (20 ft) in length

Appearance Classification
Visual Non-Visual
• Intended use: A structural CLT panel that is • Intended Use: A structural CLT panel that is
used where one or both faces are left exposed. used where both faces are covered by another
• Internal Fibre Layers: SPF, NLGA Standard material.
Grading Rules “No. 2 Structural” characteristics. • Internal Fibre Layers: SPF, NLGA Standard
• Face Layer: SPF, “J” Grade (Japanese Grade). Grading Rules “No. 2 Structural” characteristics.
• Face Layer: SPF, NLGA Standard Grading Rules
Allowable Fibre Characteristics “No. 2 Structural” characteristics.
• Shake and checks: Several up to 2 feet long,
none through. Allowable Fibre Characteristics
• Stain: Up to a max of 5% blue stain, heart stain • Shake and checks: Allowed, shall not exceed 3’
allowed. or ¼ the length.
• Knots: NLGA “Select Structural”. • Stain: Allowed, not limited.
• Pitch Streaks: Not limited. • Knots: Well spaced knots of any quality are
• Wane on Face: None. permitted.
• Side Pressure on Visual Face: Yes. • Pitch Streaks: Not limited.
• Wane on Face: Minimal.
Structurlam CLT Design Guide - Ver. 6
4
• Side Pressure on Faces: None.
Connection Details
Vertical Elevation

Base Point Sole Bracket Roof External Wall Joint

Floor External Wall Joint Floor External Wall Joint

Structurlam CLT Design Guide - Ver. 6

Floor External Wall Joint 5
 Connection Details
Horizontal Elevation

Corner Wall Joint

Suggested Floor/Roof Panel Joint

T - Wall Joint

Alternative Floor/Roof Panel Joint

Angle Wall Joint

Structurlam CLT Design Guide - Ver. 6 6

 Floor
CrossLam Floor Panel Load Table
MAX. SPAN (mm) FLOOR LIVE LOAD (kPa, unfactored)
1.9 2.4 3.6 4.8 7.2
PANEL SIZE OFFICE/ MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY/
TYPE (mm) RESIDENTIAL CLASSROOM ROOM STORAGE LIBRARY
SLT3 99 3490 3490 3220 2980 2650
SLT5 169 4920 4920 4920 4730 4220
single
span

SLT7 239 6200 6200 6200 6200 5720

SLT9 309 7370 7370 7370 7370 7180
SLT3 99 3700 3700 3650 3350 2920
double

SLT5 169 5150 5150 5150 5150 4650

span

SLT7 239 6095

Double span is governed by maximum panel length of 12,190mm
SLT9 309 - design as simple span using table values above.

Notes:
1. Material is S-P-F No.1/No.2 for all laminations.
2. Outer laminations are 32mm thick; inner laminations are 35mm thick.
3. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in major strength direction:
E0 = 9500 MPa; fb,0 = 11.8 MPa; fv,0 = 1.5 MPa; fvr,0 = 0.5 MPa; fc,0 = 11.5 MPa; ft,0 = 5.5 MPa
(ref: Table 5.3.1A of CSA-O86-09).
4. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in minor strength direction:
E90 = 9500 MPa; fb,90 = 11.8 MPa; fv,90 = 1.5 MPa; fvr,90 = 0.5 MPa;
(ref: Table A3 ANSI/APA PRG 320).
5. Dead load includes panel self-weight plus 1.0 kPa flooring load.
6. Bold text indicates span governed by vibration; regular text indicates span governed
by dead plus live load deflection limit of L/300.
7. All spans are assumed to be equal for multi-span panels.
8. Spans shown represent distance between the centerlines of supports.
9. Maximum spans shown are only to be used for preliminary design.
10. Engineer to ensure that L/300 deflection limit is appropriate for intended use.
11. The following factors were used for calculations: KD = 1.0; KS = 1.0; KT = 1.0; KH = 1.0.

7
 Floor
CrossLam Floor Panel Load Table with 2” (50mm) Concrete Topping
MAX. SPAN (mm) FLOOR LIVE LOAD (kPa, unfactored)
1.9 2.4 3.6 4.8 7.2
PANEL SIZE OFFICE/ MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY/
TYPE (mm) RESIDENTIAL CLASSROOM ROOM STORAGE LIBRARY
SLT3 99 3350 3230 2990 2800 2520
single span

SLT5 169 4920 4920 4730 4450 4030

SLT7 239 6200 6200 6200 6020 5480
SLT9 309 7370 7370 7370 7370 6890
SLT3 99 3700 3700 3420 3180 2820
SLT5 169 5150 5150 5150 5050 4500
double
span

SLT7 239 Double span is governed by maximum panel length of 12,190mm 6095
SLT9 309 - design as simple span using table values above.

Notes:
1. Material is S-P-F No.1/No.2 for all laminations.
2. Outer laminations are 32mm thick; inner laminations are 35mm thick.
3. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in major strength direction:
E0 = 9500 MPa; fb,0 = 11.8 MPa; fv,0 = 1.5 MPa; fvr,0 = 0.5 MPa; fc,0 = 11.5 MPa; ft,0 = 5.5 MPa
(ref: Table 5.3.1A of CSA-O86-09).
4. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in minor strength direction:
E90 = 9500 MPa; fb,90 = 11.8 MPa; fv,90 = 1.5 MPa; fvr,90 = 0.5 MPa;
(ref: Table A3 ANSI/APA PRG 320).
5. Dead load includes panel self-weight plus 1.0 kPa flooring load, and weight of 2” (50mm) normal
weight concrete topping.
6. Bold text indicates span governed by vibration; regular text indicates span governed by dead plus
live load deflection limit of L/300.
7. All spans are assumed to be equal for multi-span panels.
8. Spans shown represent distance between the centerlines of supports.
9. Maximum spans shown are only to be used for preliminary design.
10. Engineer to ensure that L/300 deflection limit is appropriate for intended use.
11. The following factors were used for calculations: KD = 1.0; KS = 1.0; KT = 1.0; KH = 1.0.
 Wall
CrossLam Wall Panel Load Table (Axial Loading Only)
Panel SLT3 SLT5 SLT7 SLT9
d (mm) 99 169 239 309
L (m) Pr (kN/m)
2.0 385 699 949 1179
2.5 332 650 904 1134
3.0 276 599 861 1093
3.5 223 547 818 1054
4.0 178 494 773 1014
4.5 143 442 728 975
5.0 114 392 681 934
5.5 345 633 893
6.0 303 587 851
6.5 265 541 808
7.0 232 496 764
7.5 203 454 721
8.0 177 415 678
8.5 378 637
9.0 344 596

Notes:
1. Pr = Φ Fcb A Kzc KC
2. Material is S-P-F No.1/No.2 for all laminations.
3. Outer laminations are 32mm thick; inner laminations are 35mm thick.
4. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in major strength direction:
E0 = 9500 Mpa; fb,0 = 11.8 Mpa; fv,0 = 1.5 Mpa; fvr,0 = 0.5 Mpa; fc,0 = 11.5 Mpa; ft,0 = 5.5 Mpa
(ref: Table 5.3.1A of CSA 086-09).
5. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in minor strength direction:
E90 = 9500 Mpa; fb,90 = 11.8 Mpa; fv,90 = 1.5 Mpa; fvr,90 = 0.5 Mpa
(ref: Table A3 ANSI/APA PRG 320).
6. Wind load has not been included.
7. Where the Pr values are not given, the slenderness ratio exceeds 50 (maximum permitted; CSA 086-09).
8. The following factors were used for calculations: KD=0.65; KS=1.0; KT=1.0; KH=1.0; Ke=1.0.
9. Eccentricity of axial load has not been included.
10. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only.

Structurlam CLT Design Guide - Ver. 6

9
Shear Wall and Diaphragm Applications
CrossLam In-Plane Shear Loading
Panel SLT3 SLT5 SLT7 SLT9
d (mm) 99 169 239 309
Vr (kN/m)
95 190 285 380

Notes:
1. Computed values based on “In-Plane Shear Capacity and Verification Methods”
by Prof. G. Schickhofer, University of Graz.
2. Material is S-P-F No. 1/No. 2 for all laminations.
3. Outer laminations are 32mm thick; inner laminations are 35mm thick.
4. Specified modulus of strength: fv,clt,k = 5.0 Mpa; fT,clt,k = 2.5 Mpa
ref: “BSPhandbuch Holz-Massivbauweise in Brettsperrholz” Technical University of Graz).
5. The following factors were used for calculations: kmod = 0.8; ym = 1.25.
6. Minimum width of wood used in lay-up is 89mm.
7. Values are for SLT panel only, not for shear connectors.
8. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only.

Structurlam CLT Design Guide - Ver. 6 10

 Roof
CrossLam Roof Panel Load Table
MAX. SPAN (mm) ROOF SNOW LOAD (kPa, unfactored)

PANEL SIZE 1.1 1.6 2.2 2.9 3.3 8.5

TYPE (mm)
SLT3 99 4450 4120 3820 3550 3420 2510
single span

SLT5 169 6800 6360 5950 5570 5390 4050

SLT7 239 8920 8420 7920 7450 7220 5520
SLT9 309 10900 10330 9770 9230 8970 6940
SLT3 99 5400 4950 4550 4200 4050 2900
double

SLT5 169 4650

span

Double span is governed by maximum panel length of 12,190mm

SLT7 239 - design as simple span using table values above. 6095
SLT9 309

Notes:
1. Material is S-P-F No. 1/No. 2 for all laminations.
2. Outer laminations are 32mm thick; inner laminations are 35mm thick.
3. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in major strength direction:
E0 = 9500 MPa; fb,0 = 11.8 MPa; fv,0 = 1.5 MPa; fvr,0 = 0.5 MPa; fc,0 = 11.5 MPa; ft,0 = 5.5 MPa
(ref: Table 5.3.1A of CSA-O86-09).
4. Specified modulus of elasticity and strength in minor strength direction:
E90 = 9500 MPa; fb,90 = 11.8 MPa; fv,90 = 1.5 MPa; fvr,90 = 0.5 MPa;
(ref: Table A3 ANSI/APA PRG 320).
5. Dead load includes panel self-weight plus 0.5 kPa roofing load.
6. Maximum span is governed by dead plus snow load deflection limit of L/300.
7. All spans are assumed to be equal for multi-span panels.
8. Spans shown represent distance between the centerlines of supports.
9. Maximum spans shown are only to be used for preliminary design.
10. Engineer to ensure that L/300 deflection limit is appropriate for intended use.
11. The following factors were used for calculations: KD = 1.0; KS = 1.0; KT = 1.0; KH = 1.0.
12. Shear stiffness has been reduced by 50% to account for creep deformation.
13. Snow load is based on BCBC 2006 with the following factors:
Is = 1.0 for ULS; Is = 0.9 for SLS; Cw = 1.0; CS = 1.0; Ca = 1.0.
 STRUCTURLAM

www.structurlam.com
BC Interior, AB, SK, MB Pacific Canada & International
Dave Gardner Colin Chornohus, AScT.
2176 Government St. 200-9292 200th St.
Penticton, BC Langley, BC
Canada V2A 8B5 Canada V1M 3A6
t: 250 492 8912 t: 604 455 0709
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ON, QC & Atlantic Canada USA - Commercial

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Bracebridge, ON Granite Bay, CA
Canada P1L 0A1 USA 95746
t: 647 467 6070 t: 916 797 5588
e: [email protected] f: 866 801 1654
e: [email protected]

South Korea USA - Residential

Chris Wook Suh Ron McDougall
MiSung BLDG 308,Hakdong-Ro 2176 Government St.
311, GangNam-Gu Seoul, Korea Penticton, BC
t: 822 543 6003 Canada V2A 8B5
f: 822 516 3986 t: 250 492 8912
m: 82 10 8330 2003 f: 250 492 8906
e: [email protected] e: [email protected]
w: www.structurlam.co.kr

Structurlam CLT Design Guide - Ver. 6