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    The document describes a generic three-phase power system and its representation using single line diagrams, impedance diagrams, and reactance diagrams. It discusses how each component such as generators, transformers, transmission lines, motors, and loads can be represented by their equivalent circuits. The document also introduces the per unit system for representing power system quantities like voltage, current, impedance, etc. within a narrow range. It describes how to develop a per unit impedance diagram and convert impedance values between different bases corresponding to equipment ratings. An example is provided to illustrate creating a per-phase per unit equivalent circuit of a power system.

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    3. EE 308

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    The document describes a generic three-phase power system and its representation using single line diagrams, impedance diagrams, and reactance diagrams. It discusses how each component such as generators, transformers, transmission lines, motors, and loads can be represented by their equivalent circuits. The document also introduces the per unit system for representing power system quantities like voltage, current, impedance, etc. within a narrow range. It describes how to develop a per unit impedance diagram and convert impedance values between different bases corresponding to equipment ratings. An example is provided to illustrate creating a per-phase per unit equivalent circuit of a power system.

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    23 views19 pages

    Ee 308

    Uploaded by

    catdogsunmoon12
    The document describes a generic three-phase power system and its representation using single line diagrams, impedance diagrams, and reactance diagrams. It discusses how each component such as generators, transformers, transmission lines, motors, and loads can be represented by their equivalent circuits. The document also introduces the per unit system for representing power system quantities like voltage, current, impedance, etc. within a narrow range. It describes how to develop a per unit impedance diagram and convert impedance values between different bases corresponding to equipment ratings. An example is provided to illustrate creating a per-phase per unit equivalent circuit of a power system.

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    of 19

    11-Jan-2024

    Power Systems
    Course Code: EE 308
    (2-1-0-3)

    Lecture - 3

    Electrical Engineering, IIT Indore


    A Generic Three-Phase Power System

    Image Source: Internet


    Single Line Diagram

    • a pictorial representation of connection of various components of power system.


    • All the components are depicted using symbols.
    • Machine ratings and impedances are also included.
    • Also, called one-line diagram.

    Image Source: Internet


    Representation of Different Power System Components

    Image Source: Internet


    Impedance Diagram
    When we need to perform analysis, it is desirable to obtain an equivalent circuit of the power
    system. This requires each component to be represented by its own equivalent circuit and then
    connect them together as per the single line diagram.

    Reactance Diagram
    • Impedances are replaced by reactances
    Equivalent Circuits

    Generator Transformer Transmission Line

    Motor Load
    Image Source: Internet
    Impedance Diagram from Single Line Diagram

    Single Line Diagram

    Impedance Diagram
    Image Source: Internet
    Single Line Diagram from Impedance Diagram

    Image Source: Internet


    Single Line Diagram from Impedance Diagram

    Image Source: Internet


    Modifications in Impedance and Reactance Diagrams
    Per Unit System
    Power system quantities such as current, voltage, impedance and power are often expressed in
    per unit values.

    actual value of any quantity in a unit


    per unit value =
    base value of the quantity in the same unit

    Why p.u.?
    • To bring down the range of these parameters power, voltage, current, impedance within a narrow
    range.
    • Advantageous with respect to specifying impedance values referred to particular side of
    transformer.
    Per Unit Values
    • The main parameters are voltage, current, power and impedance. Base values of any two
    parameters should be chosen and the base values of the other two parameters should be
    obtained using the relationship with other parameters.
    • Usually, we choose the base values of voltage and power and obtain the base values of current
    and impedance.

    Single phase system:


    Choose Base kV and Base MVA
    Per Unit Values for three-phase System
    Conversion of pu values from one base to another base
    • This is required because each equipment’s pu values are specified on the basis of its own rating.
    When we are connecting these equipments together, their pu values should be specified on some
    common base. Therefore, we need to change the base values and hence pu values need to be
    converted from one base to other base.
    Per Unit Impedance Diagram
    • Choose a common system base MVA

    • Divide the network into different sections on the basis of the location of transformer.

    • Choose a suitable voltage in any one of the section.

    • Obtain the base values of voltage in other sections using the voltage ratios of the transformers.

    • Convert all impedances in p.u. corresponding to the base values in that section.
    Example
    A power system consists of one synchronous generator and one synchronous motor connected by two
    transformers and a transmission line. Create a per-phase per unit equivalent circuit.

    G1 : 100 MVA, 13.8 kV, R = 0.1 pu, Xs = 0.9 pu


    T1 : 100 MVA, 13.8/110 kV, R = 0.01 pu, Xs = 0.05 pu
    T2 : 50 MVA, 120/14.4 kV, R = 0.01 pu, Xs = 0.05 pu
    M: 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, R = 0.1 pu, Xs = 1.1 pu
    TL: R = 15 ohm, X = 75 ohm
    Solution
    Impedance Diagram

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