Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cambridge IGCSE: BIOLOGY 0610/42
Cambridge IGCSE: BIOLOGY 0610/42
* 4 5 7 8 5 4 0 0 0 0 *
BIOLOGY 0610/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2023
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
DC (LK/CB) 312799/3
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
2
1 (a) Red blood cells are specialised cells that transport oxygen.
State the substance in red blood cells that combines with oxygen.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) State the name of the component of blood that promotes blood clotting.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Some students investigated the effect of immersing red blood cells in different concentrations
of salt solution.
They measured the diameters of samples of red blood cells and calculated the mean.
They then immersed each red blood cell sample in a different concentration of salt solution.
After two minutes they measured and calculated the mean of the samples again.
Table 1.1
(i) Calculate the percentage increase in the mean diameter of red blood cells that were
immersed in the 0.8% salt solution.
............................................................ %
[3]
© UCLES 2023 0610/42/O/N/23
3
(ii) Explain the results for the red blood cells that were immersed in the 1.8% salt solution.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) State why there was no change in the mean diameter of the red blood cells immersed in
the 0.9% salt solution.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) State why red blood cells burst when immersed in pure water but plant cells do not.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 12]
2 Fig. 2.1 is a photograph of some leaves of a water lily, which is a hydrophyte. The water lily has
adaptive features that are found in many different hydrophytes.
Fig. 2.1
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
Fig. 2.2
(i) State the names of the parts labelled A, B and C in Fig. 2.2.
A ........................................................................................................................................
B ........................................................................................................................................
C ........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Explain how part C in Fig. 2.2 adapts the hydrophyte for its environment.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) A scientist calculated the mean number of stomata per mm2 in the upper and lower epidermis
in tomato plants and water lily plants. Tomato plants are a type of terrestrial plant.
Table 2.1
tomato 10 129
(i) Compare and explain the differences in the mean number of stomata in a tomato plant
and in a water lily plant.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [5]
(ii) State the name of the cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 14]
BLANK PAGE
3 Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of the junction between two neurones in a healthy person.
Fig. 3.2 is a diagram of the junction between the same two neurones in a person who has
Parkinson’s disease. This disease affects the nervous system.
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
Y
receptor protein
receptor protein
X ...............................................................................................................................................
Y ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Parkinson’s disease affects neurones in the brain that are responsible for movement.
Using the information in Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2, suggest and explain the effect of Parkinson’s
disease on a person’s movement.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [5]
(c) Describe two ways nervous control differs from hormonal control.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) (i) The shape of the receptor proteins shown in Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2 is important for their
function.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Cell membranes also contain protein carriers. Describe the role of protein carriers.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 13]
4 A scientist investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in one species of
plant.
The total surface area of the discs was kept the same for each temperature.
The volume of oxygen that was produced by the leaf discs was measured and used to estimate
the rate of photosynthesis.
40
35
30
rate of
photosynthesis 25
/ arbitrary units
20
15
10
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
temperature / °C
Fig. 4.1
..................................................... °C [1]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(c) Carbon dioxide was supplied in excess at each temperature during the investigation.
Explain why.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) Suggest why not all of the oxygen produced by the leaf is released.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 12]
BLANK PAGE
5 (a) Describe two ways in which the circulatory system of a fish is different from the circulatory
system of a mammal.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
hepatic artery
X
C
renal vein D
Fig. 5.1
© UCLES 2023 0610/42/O/N/23
15
(i) State the letter from Fig. 5.1 that identifies where these processes occur:
(ii) Identify the name of the blood vessel labelled X in Fig. 5.1.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 14]
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) During pregnancy, antibodies are acquired by the fetus from the mother.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) A baby was breastfed for six months. The concentration of antibodies in the baby’s blood
obtained from breast milk and the concentration of antibodies made by the baby itself were
measured.
100
80
60
concentration
of antibodies in
the baby’s blood
/ arbitrary units
40
breastfeeding
20 stopped
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
age of the baby / months
Key:
antibodies acquired by the baby from the mother
antibodies produced by the baby
Fig. 6.1
(i) Complete the sentences to describe the changes in antibody concentration in the baby.
After birth the concentration of antibodies acquired from the mother decreases
The concentration of antibodies acquired from the mother and the concentration of
(ii) Describe the benefits of breastfeeding a baby for the first six months of life.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) State two ways, other than breastfeeding, that a baby can acquire immunity.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
State the chemical elements present in all proteins that are also found in carbohydrates and
fats.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 15]
BLANK PAGE
BLANK PAGE
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.