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Ebook PDF Business Analytics 4th Edition by Jeffrey D Camm PDF
Ebook PDF Business Analytics 4th Edition by Jeffrey D Camm PDF
Ebook PDF Business Analytics 4th Edition by Jeffrey D Camm PDF
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Contents vii
PivotTables in Excel 96
Recommended PivotTables in Excel 100
3.3 Charts 102
Scatter Charts 102
Recommended Charts in Excel 104
Line Charts 105
Bar Charts and Column Charts 109
A Note on Pie Charts and Three-Dimensional Charts 110
Bubble Charts 112
Heat Maps 113
Additional Charts for Multiple Variables 115
PivotCharts in Excel 118
3.4 Advanced Data Visualization 120
Advanced Charts 120
Geographic Information Systems Charts 123
3.5 Data Dashboards 125
Principles of Effective Data Dashboards 125
Applications of Data Dashboards 126
Summary 128
Glossary 128
Problems 129
Case Problem 1: Pelican stores 139
Case Problem 2: Movie Theater Releases 140
Appendix: Data Visualization in Tableau 141
Available in the MindTap Reader:
Appendix: Creating Tabular and Graphical Presentations with R
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viii Contents
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Contents ix
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x Contents
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Contents xi
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xii Contents
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Contents xiii
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xiv Contents
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Contents xv
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About the Authors
Jeffrey D. Camm. is the Inmar Presidential Chair and Associate Dean of Business Analyt-
ics in the School of Business at Wake Forest University. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, he holds
a B.S. from Xavier University (Ohio) and a Ph.D. from Clemson University. Prior to joining
the faculty at Wake Forest, he was on the faculty of the University of Cincinnati. He has also
been a visiting scholar at Stanford University and a visiting professor of business adminis-
tration at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College.
Dr. Camm has published over 40 papers in the general area of optimization applied
to problems in operations management and marketing. He has published his research in
Science, Management Science, Operations Research, Interfaces, and other professional
journals. Dr. Camm was named the Dornoff Fellow of Teaching Excellence at the University
of Cincinnati and he was the 2006 recipient of the INFORMS Prize for the Teaching of
Operations Research Practice. A firm believer in practicing what he preaches, he has served
as an operations research consultant to numerous companies and government agencies. From
2005 to 2010 he served as editor-in-chief of Interfaces. In 2016, Professor Camm received
the George E. Kimball Medal for service to the operations research profession, and in 2017
he was named an INFORMS Fellow.
James J. Cochran. James J. Cochran is Associate Dean for Research, Professor of Applied
Statistics and the Rogers-Spivey Faculty Fellow at The University of Alabama. Born in Day-
ton, Ohio, he earned his B.S., M.S., and M.B.A. from Wright State University and his Ph.D.
from the University of Cincinnati. He has been at The University of Alabama since 2014 and
has been a visiting scholar at Stanford University, Universidad de Talca, the University of
South Africa and Pole Universitaire Leonard de Vinci.
Dr. Cochran has published more than 40 papers in the development and application of
operations research and statistical methods. He has published in several journals, including
Management Science, The American Statistician, Communications in Statistics—Theory
and Methods, Annals of Operations Research, European Journal of Operational Research,
Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, Interfaces, and Statistics and Probability Letters. He
received the 2008 INFORMS Prize for the Teaching of Operations Research Practice, 2010
Mu Sigma Rho Statistical Education Award and 2016 Waller Distinguished Teaching Career
Award from the American Statistical Association. Dr. Cochran was elected to the International
Statistics Institute in 2005, named a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2011,
and named a Fellow of INFORMS in 2017. He also received the Founders Award in 2014 and
the Karl E. Peace Award in 2015 from the American Statistical Association, and he received
the INFORMS President’s Award in 2019.
A strong advocate for effective operations research and statistics education as a means
of improving the quality of applications to real problems, Dr. Cochran has chaired teaching
effectiveness workshops around the globe. He has served as an operations research consultant
to numerous companies and not-for-profit organizations. He served as editor-in-chief of
INFORMS Transactions on Education and is on the editorial board of INFORMS Journal
of Applied Analytics, International Transactions in Operational Research, and Significance.
Michael J. Fry. Michael J. Fry is Professor of Operations, Business Analytics, and Infor-
mation Systems (OBAIS) and Academic Director of the Center for Business Analytics in
the Carl H. Lindner College of Business at the University of Cincinnati. Born in Killeen,
Texas, he earned a B.S. from Texas A&M University, and M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees from
the University of Michigan. He has been at the University of Cincinnati since 2002, where
he served as Department Head from 2014 to 2018 and has been named a Lindner Research
Fellow. He has also been a visiting professor at Cornell University and at the University of
British Columbia.
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xviii About the Authors
Professor Fry has published more than 25 research papers in journals such as Operations
Research, Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Transportation Science, Naval
Research Logistics, IIE Transactions, Critical Care Medicine, and Interfaces. He serves on
editorial boards for journals such as Production and Operations Management, INFORMS
Journal of Applied Analytics (formerly Interfaces), and Journal of Quantitative Analysis in
Sports. His research interests are in applying analytics to the areas of supply chain manage-
ment, sports, and public-policy operations. He has worked with many different organizations
for his research, including Dell, Inc., Starbucks Coffee Company, Great American Insurance
Group, the Cincinnati Fire Department, the State of Ohio Election Commission, the Cincin-
nati Bengals, and the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Gardens. In 2008, he was named a finalist
for the Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in Operations Research Practice, and he has
been recognized for both his research and teaching excellence at the University of Cincinnati.
In 2019, he led the team that was awarded the INFORMS UPS George D. Smith Prize on
behalf of the OBAIS Department at the University of Cincinnati.
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Preface
B usiness Analytics 4E is designed to introduce the concept of business analytics to under-
graduate and graduate students. This edition builds upon what was one of the first collec-
tions of materials that are essential to the growing field of business analytics. In Chapter 1, we
present an overview of business analytics and our approach to the material in this textbook. In
simple terms, business analytics helps business professionals make better decisions based on
data. We discuss models for summarizing, visualizing, and understanding useful information
from historical data in Chapters 2 through 6. Chapters 7 through 9 introduce methods for both
gaining insights from historical data and predicting possible future outcomes. C hapter 10 cov-
ers the use of spreadsheets for examining data and building decision models. In Chapter 11,
we demonstrate how to explicitly introduce uncertainty into spreadsheet models through the
use of Monte Carlo simulation. In Chapters 12 through 14, we discuss optimization models
to help decision makers choose the best decision based on the available data. Chapter 15 is an
overview of decision analysis approaches for incorporating a decision maker’s views about
risk into decision making. In Appendix A we present optional material for students who need
to learn the basics of using Microsoft Excel. The use of databases and manipulating data in
Microsoft Access is discussed in Appendix B. Appendixes in many chapters illustrate the
use of additional software tools such as R, JMP Pro and Tableau to apply analytics methods.
This textbook can be used by students who have previously taken a course on basic
statistical methods as well as students who have not had a prior course in statistics. Business
Analytics 4E is also amenable to a two-course sequence in business statistics and analytics.
All statistical concepts contained in this textbook are presented from a business analytics
perspective using practical business examples. Chapters 2, 4, 6, and 7 provide an intro-
duction to basic statistical concepts that form the foundation for more advanced analytics
methods. Chapters 3, 5, and 9 cover additional topics of data visualization and data mining
that are not traditionally part of most introductory business statistics courses, but they are
exceedingly important and commonly used in current business environments. Chapter 10
and Appendix A provide the foundational knowledge students need to use Microsoft Excel
for analytics applications. Chapters 11 through 15 build upon this spreadsheet knowledge
to present additional topics that are used by many organizations that are leaders in the use
of prescriptive analytics to improve decision making.
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xx Preface
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface xxi
●● New End-of-Chapter Problems. The fourth edition of this textbook includes more
than 20 new problems. We have also revised many of the existing problems to update
and improve clarity. Each end-of-chapter problem now also includes a short header to
make the application of the exercise more clear. As we have done in past editions, Excel
solution files are available to instructors for problems that require the use of Excel. For
problems that require the use of software in the data-mining chapters (Chapters 5 and 9),
we include solutions for both JMP Pro and R/Rattle.
MindTap
MindTap is a customizable digital course solution that includes an interactive eBook, au-
tograded exercises from the textbook, algorithmic practice problems with solutions feed-
back, Exploring Analytics visualizations, Adaptive Test Prep, and more! MindTap is also
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xxii Preface
where instructors and users can find the online appendixes for JMP Pro and R/Rattle.
All of these materials offer students better access to resources to understand the mate-
rials within the course. For more information on MindTap, please contact your Cengage
representative.
WebAssign
Prepare for class with confidence using WebAssign from Cengage. This online learning
platform fuels practice, so students can truly absorb what you learn – and are better prepared
come test time. Videos, Problem Walk-Throughs, and End-of-Chapter problems and cases
with instant feedback help them understand the important concepts, while instant grading
allows you and them to see where they stand in class. Class Insights allows students to see
what topics they have mastered and which they are struggling with, helping them identify
where to spend extra time. Study Smarter with WebAssign.
For Students
Online resources are available to help the student work more efficiently. The resources can
be accessed through www.cengage.com/decisionsciences/camm/ba/4e.
●● R, RStudio, and Rattle: R, RStudio, and Rattle are open-source software, so they are free
to download. Business Analytics 4E includes step-by-step instructions for downloading
these software.
●● JMP Pro: Many universities have site licenses of SAS Institute’s JMP Pro software on
both Mac and Windows. These are typically offered through your university’s software
licensing administrator. Faculty may contact the JMP Academic team to find out if their
universities have a license or to request a complementary instructor copy at www.jmp
.com/contact-academic. For institutions without a site license, students may rent a 6- or
12-month license for JMP at www.onthehub.com/jmp.
●● Data Files: A complete download of all data files associated with this text.
For Instructors
Instructor resources are available to adopters on the Instructor Companion Site, which can be
found and accessed at www.cengage.com/decisionsciences/camm/ba/4e including:
●● Solutions Manual: The Solutions Manual, prepared by the authors, includes solutions
for all problems in the text. It is available online as well as print. Excel solution files
are available to instructors for those problems that require the use of Excel. Solutions
for Chapters 5 and 9 are available using both JMP Pro and R/Rattle for data mining
problems.
●● Solutions to Case Problems: These are also prepared by the authors and contain
solutions to all case problems presented in the text. Case solutions for Chapters 5 and 9
are provided using both JMP Pro and R/Rattle. Extensive case solutions are also pro-
vided for the new multi-chapter cases that draw on material from multiple chapters.
●● PowerPoint Presentation Slides: The presentation slides contain a teaching outline
that incorporates figures to complement instructor lectures.
●● Test Bank: Cengage Learning Testing Powered by Cognero is a flexible, online system
that allows you to:
●● author, edit, and manage test bank content from multiple Cengage Learning solutions,
●● create multiple test versions in an instant, and
●● deliver tests from your Learning Management System (LMS), your classroom,
or wherever you want.
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the work of reviewers and users who have provided com-
ments and suggestions for improvement of this text. Thanks to:
Rafael Becerril Arreola
University of South Carolina
Matthew D. Bailey
Bucknell University
Phillip Beaver
University of Denver
M. Khurrum S. Bhutta
Ohio University
Paolo Catasti
Virginia Commonwealth University
Q B. Chung
Villanova University
Elizabeth A. Denny
University of Kentucky
Mike Taein Eom
University of Portland
Yvette Njan Essounga
Fayetteville State University
Lawrence V. Fulton
Texas State University
Tom Groleau
Carthage College
James F. Hoelscher
Lincoln Memorial University
Eric Huggins
Fort Lewis College
Faizul Huq
Ohio University
Marco Lam
York College of Pennsylvania
Thomas Lee
University of California, Berkeley
Roger Myerson
Northwestern University
Ram Pakath
University of Kentucky
Susan Palocsay
James Madison University
Andy Shogan
University of California, Berkeley
Dothan Truong
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
— Minä hölmö pistäydyin myös hänen luokseen, ainoastaan
hetkiseksi, silloin kun menin Mitjan luo, sillä hänkin on sairastunut,
minun entinen herrani, — alkoi taas Grušenjka hätäisesti ja
kiirehtien, — nauran ja kerron tätä Mitjalle: ajattelehan, sanon,
puolalaiseni sai päähänsä laulaa minulle kitaran säestyksellä entisiä
lauluja, luulee minun heltyvän ja menevän hänelle vaimoksi. Mutta
Mitjapa ponnahtaa heti pystyyn ja alkaa sadatella… Ei, nyt minä
lähetän puolalaisherroille piirakoita! Fenja, tytönkö he ovat tänne
lähettäneet? Tässä on, anna tytölle kolme ruplaa ja kääri heille
paperiin kymmenkunta piirakkaa sekä käske viemään, mutta sinä,
Aljoša, kerro välttämättömästi Mitjalle, että minä lähetin heille
piirakoita.
— Ettäkö käy luona? Käykö hän siis Mitjan luona? Mitja itse sanoi
minulle, että Ivan ei ole käynyt kertaakaan.
— Aivan niin hän sanoi: älä puhu. Sinua hän etupäässä pelkääkin,
Mitja nimittäin. Sillä tässä on salaisuus, hän itse sanoi, että on
salaisuus… Aljoša, ystäväni, käy ja ota selville: mikä ihmeen
salaisuus heillä on, ja tule sitten sanomaan minulle, — heittäytyi
Grušenjka äkkiä pyytelemään, — päätä sinä minun onnettoman asia,
jotta tietäisin kirotun kohtaloni! Tämän vuoksi olen sinut kutsunutkin.
2.
Kipeä jalka
Ensimmäinen näistä asioista oli rouva Hohlakovin taloon, ja hän
kiiruhti sinne saadakseen siellä toimitetuksi asiansa mahdollisimman
pian ja ennättääkseen ajoissa Mitjan luo. Rouva Hohlakov oli jo
kolme viikkoa sairastellut: jostakin syystä oli hänen jalkansa
turvonnut, ja vaikka hän ei maannut vuoteessa, niin hän kuitenkin
päivällä loikoili budoaarinsa leposohvalla viehättävässä, mutta
säädyllisessä yöpuvussa. Aljoša huomautti kerran itsekseen
viattomasti naurahtaen, että rouva Hohlakov oli sairaudestaan
huolimatta alkanut miltei koreilla: hänelle oli ilmestynyt uusia
pääkoristeita, nauhoja, avokaulaisia paitoja, ja Aljoša oivalsi, miksi
asiat olivat niin, vaikka hän karkoittikin nuo ajatukset tyhjänpäiväisinä
mielestään. Viimeisten kahden kuukauden aikana oli rouva
Hohlakovin luona alkanut käydä muiden vieraiden mukana nuori
mies Perhotin. Aljoša ei ollut käynyt talossa neljään päivään, ja
sisälle tultuaan hän koetti kiiruhtaa suoraan Lisen luo, sillä tällä oli
hänelle asiaa, koska Lise oli jo eilen lähettänyt hänen luokseen tytön
tuomaan vakavan pyynnön, että hän saapuisi heti »erään hyvin
tärkeän asian vuoksi», mikä oli erinäisistä syistä herättänyt
mielenkiintoa Aljošassa. Mutta sillä välin kuin tyttö oli ilmoittamassa
Liselle hänen tulostaan, oli rouva Hohlakov jo ennättänyt joltakulta
kuulla hänen tulleen sekä heti lähettänyt pyytämään häntä luokseen
»vain hetkiseksi». Aljoša arveli, että oli paras täyttää ensin äidin
pyyntö, sillä muuten tämä lähettäisi vähän väliä sanan Liselle hänen
istuessaan tämän luona. Rouva Hohlakov loikoi sohvalla erikoisen
komeassa juhla-asussa ja oli ilmeisesti tavattoman hermostunut.
Aljošan hän otti vastaan riemuhuudoin.
— Kenen luona?
— No, minäpä ilmaisen sen teille ja, ei auta, minä kadun, sillä
tässä on eräs piirre, johon minä kenties itse olen syypää. Vain
pienen pieni piirre, aivan pikkuinen, niin että sitä kukaties ei
ensinkään olekaan. Katsokaahan, ystäväni (rouva Hohlakov tuli
äkkiä leikkisän näköiseksi, ja hänen huulillaan väikkyi herttainen,
vaikkakin salaperäinen hymy), katsokaahan, minä epäilen… suokaa
minulle anteeksi, Aljoša, minä puhun teille kuin äiti… oi, ei, ei,
päinvastoin, puhun teille nyt kuin omalle isälleni… sillä äiti ei tässä
ole ensinkään asianmukaista… No, sama se, puhun niinkuin tekisin
tunnustuksen luostarinvanhin Zosimalle, ja tämä on kaikkein
oikeimmin sanottu, tämä on hyvin asian laadun mukaista: minä
sanoinkin teitä äsken munkiksi, — no niin, tuo nuori miesparka,
ystävänne Rakitin (oi, hyvä Jumala, minä suorastaan en voi olla
vihainen hänelle! Minä suutun ja olen äkäinen, mutta en kovin
paljon), sanalla sanoen tämä kevytmielinen nuori mies näyttää
saavan äkkiä päähänsä, ajatelkaahan, rakastua minuun. Minä
huomasin sen vasta myöhemmin, myöhemmin yhtäkkiä, mutta
alussa, noin kuukausi sitten, hän alkoi käydä luonani useammin,
melkein joka päivä, vaikka olimme tuttuja jo sitä ennen. Minä en
tiedä mitään… mutta yhtäkkiä asia ikäänkuin valkeni minulle ja minä
olen jo kaksi kuukautta sitten alkanut vastaanottaa tuota
vaatimatonta, herttaista ja kunnollista nuorta miestä, Pjotr Iljitš
Perhotinia, joka on virassa täällä. Olette monta kertaa itse tavannut
hänet. Ja eikö totta, hän on kelpo mies, hyvin vakava. Hän käy joka
kolmas päivä (vaikka saisi kernaasti käydä joka päivä), ja hän on
aina niin hyvin puettu, ja yleensä minä pidän nuorisosta, Aljoša,
lahjakkaasta, vaatimattomasta, semmoisesta kuin te, mutta hänellä
on melkein valtiomiehen äly, hän puhelee niin miellyttävästi, ja minä
pyydän ehdottomasti, ehdottomasti esimiehiä suosimaan häntä. Hän
on tuleva diplomaatti. Hän miltei pelasti minut kuolemasta tuona
kauheana päivänä tulemalla luokseni yöllä. No, mutta teidän
ystävänne Rakitin tuli aina semmoisissa saappaissa ja ojentaa ne
matolle… sanalla sanoen hän alkoi minulle jotakin vihjaillakin, ja
kerran hän pois lähtiessään yhtäkkiä puristi kauhean kovasti kättäni.
Heti kun hän oli puristanut kättäni, tuli jalkani äkkiä kipeäksi. Hän oli
ennenkin kohdannut luonani Pjotr Iljitšin ja, uskotteko, pistelee aina
häntä, aina pistelee, suorastaan murisee hänelle jostakin. Minä vain
katson heitä kumpaakin, kun he joutuvat yhteen, ja nauran
sydämessäni. Istun kerran yksinäni, taikka ei, minä lojuin jo silloin,
loikoilen kerran yksinäni, Mihail Ivanovitš saapuu ja, ajatelkaahan,
tuo minulle runojaan, aivan pieniä, minun kipeän jalkani johdosta,
hän näet kuvaili runossa kipeätä jalkaani. Odottakaahan, kuinka se
olikaan:
— Hän sai affektin. Kun Dmitri Fjodorovitš iski häntä päähän, niin
hän tointui ja sai affektin, meni ja tappoi. Että hän itse sanoo, ettei
hän tappanut, niin sitä hän kenties ei muistakaan. Mutta näettekö; on
parempi, paljon parempi, jos Dmitri Fjodorovitš tappoi. Ja niinhän se
olikin, vaikka minä sanon, että Grigori, mutta se on varmasti Dmitri
Fjodorovitš, ja se on paljon, paljon parempi! Ah, ei sen vuoksi
parempi, että poika tappoi isänsä, sitä minä en kiitä, lasten on
päinvastoin kunnioitettava vanhempiaan, mutta kuitenkin on
parempi, että se on hän, koska teillä silloin ei ole mitään syytä itkeä,
sillä hän tappoi itse tietämättään eli paremmin sanoen tietäen
kaiken, mutta tietämättä, mikä hänelle oli tullut. Ei, antakoot he
hänelle anteeksi; se on niin humaania, ja jotta nähtäisiin uuden
oikeusjärjestyksen hyvä vaikutus, mutta minä en tietänytkään, mutta
sanotaan, että siitä on jo kauan, ja kun minä eilen sain tietää, niin se
hämmästytti minua niin, että mieleni teki heti lähettää hakemaan
teitä; ja sitten, jos hänelle annetaan anteeksi, niin suoraan
oikeudesta minun luokseni päivälliselle, minä kutsun tuttuja, ja me
juomme uuden oikeusjärjestyksen maljan. Minä en luule, että hän on
vaarallinen, sitäpaitsi minä kutsun hyvin paljon vieraita, niin että
hänet aina voi toimittaa ulos, jos hän tekee jotakin, ja sitten hän voi
olla jossakin toisessa kaupungissa rauhantuomarina tai jonakin, sillä
ne, jotka itse ovat kokeneet onnettomuuden, tuomitsevat kaikkein
parhaiten. Mutta pääasia on, että kukapa nyt ei olisi affektin vallassa,
te, minä, kaikki ovat affektissa, ja miten paljon onkaan esimerkkejä;
mies istuu, laulaa romanssia, yhtäkkiä jokin ei häntä miellytä, otti
pistolin ja tappoi kenet sattui, ja sitten kaikki antavat hänelle
anteeksi. Minä olen sen äskettäin lukenut, ja kaikki tohtorit
vakuuttivat todeksi. Tohtorit nykysin vakuuttavat, kaikkea
vakuuttavat. Hyväinen aika, minun Liseni on affektin vallassa, eilen
viimeksi itkin hänen tähtensä, toissa päivänä itkin ja tänään
hoksasin, että hän yksinkertaisesti on saanut affektin. Oh, Lise
tuottaa minulle hirveästi harmia! Minä luulen, että hän on kokonaan
kadottanut järkensä. Miksi hän kutsui teitä? Kutsuiko hän teitä, vai
tulitteko te itse hänen luokseen?