3I'S Reviewer
3I'S Reviewer
Chronological By Author/Writer
- This approach in organizing the review - Builds credibility with the claims that
puts emphasis on the timeline of the research would like to stand on,
development or the year the materials - Presents different authors even though
were written. they have similar ideas
- The intention is to show how changes - Each point of view of every author is
about the topic occurred from its explained and expounded to backup the
emergence. main idea being presented in the
- Presents the evolving mindset and
review. Each author is cited in the
thinking of the authors. Mostly, this
footnote.
approach is used in qualitative
researches. Ethical Ways of Citing Literature
* Example:
~Santos (2017) affirms that literature is an Securing a scholarly reference list or bibliography
efficient springboard towards introducing takes away violations of the ethical standards in
and teaching language skills among Junior writing.
High School learners.
Unethical writing legal charges:
~Tesoro (2018), meanwhile, found out that
a literature-based classroom should always 1. Plagiarism
consider the context of the learners, the 2. Copyright
literature, and the context of the teacher.
By Topic/Concept
- If many or several authors have a
comparable opinion about the same
topic or issue, it is appropriate to use
this approach
Plagiarism In-Text Citation
1. A work by two authors
- Claiming and copying a portion of • Education 4.0 refers to… (Santos & Portillo,
someone’s written work. 2017)
- Republic Act No. 8293 otherwise 2. A work by three to five authors
known as the Intellectual Property • Garcia, Santos, Hilario, Cruz and Aduan
Code of the Philippines: (2019) reiterated…
“Protects and secures the exclusive rights • In other format, the citation may include
of scientists, inventors, artists and other only the surname of the first author with
gifted citizens to their intellectual property the word “et al.” as an extension plus the
and creations, particularly when beneficial publication year enclosed in parentheses.
to the people.” This additional part means ‘and others.’
Copyright 3. Six or more authors
- Breach of contract between the authors • Santos et al. (2017) pointed out ...
and the publishers about the coverage 4. Government and private agencies,
or scope of circulation and distribution organizations etc. as an author
of the original work. • Based on the press release of the
- Also covered in Republic Act No. 8293 Department of Health (2020)…
or the "Intellectual Property Code of 5. Citing indirect sources in another
the Philippines." source
• Portillo positioned that … (as cited in
Santos, 2019 p. 25)
Commonly Used Formats:
6. Electronic sources
- American Psychological Association or • Tamayo (2020) discussed that…
APA Style
7. Citing websites (without an author, title
- Modern Language Association or MLA
and the date are cited; for sources with no date
Style
“n.d.” is placed)
- Chicago Manual of Style
• Smith, n.d. argued that...