Scientific-Paper Exp 1 Estropigan
Scientific-Paper Exp 1 Estropigan
Scientific-Paper Exp 1 Estropigan
KINEMATICS
BSOT 1-2
Group 4
TOTAL _______ / 70
ABSTRACT
𝑣2
This scientific paper delves into the fact that gravity or g = 2𝑦 and is constant and experiments with
free fall motion and projectile motion. When a falling object is not affected by any restraints like friction and
air resistance, and falls under the influence of gravity alone, the object is said to be in free fall motion. It is
stated that when a projectile is thrown near to the Earth's surface, it experiences projectile motion, which is
the kind of motion when the object moves along a curved direction only due to gravity, and the effects of air
resistance are believed to be insignificant. This experiment aims to verify that gravity is constant, that
objects that are free falling aren’t affected by air resistance, as well as projectile motion. The materials used
for this experiment were the picket fence, photogate head, photogate cable, digital adapter, rod, A-base,
soft pad, and a laptop for the second part of the experiment. For the free fall motion experiment the
photogate head apparatus was set up. As the picket fence was dropped in between the photogate head,
data was gathered and analyzed. Results showed that experimental value was close to the theoretical
value with a percentage error of 1.53%. Meanwhile, in the projectile motion experiment, results varied
depending on the varying launch angle and varying initial velocity and if it was a symmetrical projectile
motion or asymmetrical. These results have explained the relationship between gravity and motion when
there are no restraints like air resistance. Therefore, gravity pulls everything the same way downward.
INTRODUCTION
Kinematics, a branch of mechanics, provides an organized system for explaining, evaluating, and
predicting an object's motion without delving into the forces that accelerate the object. It is concerned with
the geometrically possible motion of a body or system of bodies without consideration of the forces
fields, from biomechanics and astronomy to robotics and engineering. The aim of this scientific paper is to
present a comprehensive exploration of kinematics through the free fall motion and projectile motion
experiments.
Gravity is what causes objects to fall. An object is falling in free fall motion when it is falling only
due to gravity and without being impacted by any air resistance or friction. When objects free fall, the
equations of motion for uniformly accelerated motion also apply. Acceleration due to gravity (g), which is
constant, is utilized in place of (a) acceleration. It is approximately 9.8 m/s2. As said earlier, when a
projectile is thrown near to the Earth's surface, it experiences projectile motion, which is the kind of motion
when the object moves along a curved direction only due to gravity, and the effects of air resistance are
believed to be insignificant. The highest vertical point of an object during its journey is its maximum height.
The projectile range is the horizontal displacement of the projectile. The object's initial velocity determines
the projectile's range. The duration from the moment the object is projected until it reaches the surface is
known as the projectile motion's time of flight. This is twice as long as it takes a symmetrical projectile to
reach its maximum height. The time it takes reach to the maximum height and descend to the lowest point
is equal.
SCHEMATIC PROCEDURE
The vertical displacement and velocity didn’t affect the acceleration due to gravity because gravity is
constant which is 9.80 m/s2. The experimental (g) is 9.65 m/s2 with a percentage error of 1.53% which is
close enough to the theoretical value of 9.80 m/s2 meaning that gravity is constant.
The launch angle of a projectile affected its maximum height, time of flight, and horizontal range with a
constant velocity of 15 m/s. As the angle height increases, the maximum height reached also increases.
The time of flight is also longer when the launch angle is higher. Finally, from angles 25 to 55, the ranges
increase with them, but in angles 65 and 75, the ranges start to shorten.
The initial velocity of a projectile affected its maximum height, time of flight, and horizontal range with a
constant angle of 70°. As the initial velocity increases, the maximum height reached also increases. The
time of flight is also longer when the initial velocity is higher. Lastly, the ranges increase with them as well.
Non-Symmetrical Projectile Motion
The launch angle of a projectile affected its maximum height, time of flight, and horizontal range with a
constant velocity of 15 m/s. As the angle height increases, the maximum height reached also increases.
The time of flight is also longer when the launch angle is higher. Lastly, the ranges decrease as the launch
angle increases.
The initial velocity of a projectile affected its maximum height, time of flight, and horizontal range with a
constant angle of 70°. As the initial velocity increases, the maximum height reached also increases. The
time of flight is also longer when the initial velocity is higher. Lastly, the ranges increase with them as well.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, when something falls, it falls because of gravity. Because that object feels a force, it
accelerates, which means its velocity gets bigger and bigger as it falls. The strength with which the Earth
pulls on something in the form of gravity is a type of acceleration. Earth pulls on everything the exact same
amount. Everything gets accelerated towards the Earth the same way. Projectiles travel with a parabolic
trajectory since the downward force of gravity accelerates them downward from their otherwise straight-
line, gravity-free trajectory. This downward force and acceleration results in a downward displacement from
the position that the object would be if there were no gravity. The force of gravity does not affect the
horizontal component of motion; a projectile maintains a constant horizontal velocity since there are no