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PPE 22566 Model Answer W - 2023
PPE 22566 Model Answer W - 2023
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: Power Plant Engineering (PPE) Subject Code: 22566
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the
same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) State the types of FBC boiler 02 marks
Ans.- Following are the two types of FBC boiler ( 1 M for
A) Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) each type)
Waste heat is the heat which is not used and exhausted out as a waste product.
1.In thermal power plant large quantity of heat at lower thermal potential ( 700c) is
discharged to the atmosphere.
2.If we recover this heat, there will be reduction in fuel consumption, lower harmful
emissions and improvement in production efficiency.
3.Captured and reused waste heat is an emission free substitute for costly purchased
fuels .
e) Name the regulating agencies for Nuclear Power Plant. 02 Marks
Ans.-
1 mark
1. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board(AERB)
each
2. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Page No: 2/ 19
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
f) Define the term ‘Capacity Factor’. 02 Marks
Ans.-
The capacity Factor is also called the Plant Capacity factor.
It is the ratio of actual energy produced to the maximum possible energy that could have
been produced during a given period .
Capacity Factor = Actual Energy Produced / Max Energy that could have been produced
a) Draw Layout of hydroelectric power plant and explain its working. 4 marks
02marks
For layout
Page No: 3/ 19
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
reduce the pressure in the penstock. The maximum amount of water is released through
the penstock when the control gate is fully opened. This kinetic energy is converted to
electrical energy, as the turbine is coupled to an electric generator. The passage of water
from the nozzle hits the turbine blades which makes the shaft of the turbine to rotate.
It drives the generator and electricity are produced. The water which moves away from
the turbine enters into Tail-race.
b) Explain with neat sketch working of La Mont boiler.
Ans- 02marks
For sketch
02
Working of Lamont Boiler Marks for
working
Lamont boilers is a forced circulation ,fired water tube boiler.
In Lamont boiler, the feed pump circulates the water in the economiser of the
boiler. The economizer heats the water to some degree. From economiser, water
enters into steam separating drum.
From steam separating drum the mixture of water and steam is forced circulated
through the radiant evaporator by an external centrifugal pump. In forced
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
circulation, the pressure of circulation of water through the tubes is more as
compared with the natural circulation.
Radiant evaporator heats the water and changes it into steam. Form radiant
evaporator the water-steam mixture passes through the convective evaporator.
Here the temperature of the fluid increase and most the water gets converted into
saturated steam. And after that the saturated steam enters into the steam
separator drum.
The steam separator drum as names indicate separates the steam from water. The
steam gets collected at the upper portion of the drum. From the steam separator
drum, steam passes through the superheater. The superheater increases the
temperature of the steam to the desired level. And finally, the superheated steam
is either transfer to the steam collecting drum or made to strike on the blades of
the turbine.
The working pressure, temperature, and capacity of this boiler is 170 bar, 773 K
and 50 tonnes/h.
C) Explain with neat sketch electro - static precipitators.
Ans-
Electrostatic precipitator- 02marks
For sketch
02
Working Marks for
The unclean flue gas flowing through the passage is supplied to two electrodes, working
oppositely charged. The gases become ionized because of high applied voltage. as air is
passed through this ionized chamber both positive and negative ions are formed. The
ionized air is made to pass through the collecting unit consisting of metal plates spaced
Page No: 5/ 19
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
to 15 to 20 cm apart. The positive plates are near the wall and negative electrodes at the
Centre negative and moves to a positive electrode,while positive ions move to negative
electrodes. The dust particles collected is clean by shaking motion or light rammers
driven by cams. The dust removed from plates is collected in hoppers and dump in
dumping sites.
d) Explain the term Tri-generation . State its necessity in thermal power plant.
Ans-
Trigeneration Concept: Trigeneration is the simultaneous process of cooling, heating
and power generation from only one fuel input. Trigeneration is the process by which 2 marks
some of heatproduced by co-generation plant is used to generate chilled water for air for
conditioning or refrigeration. Thermal power plants are used to produce electricity. concept
The byproduct is waste heat, which is then directed to absorption chillers and boilers 2 marks
for space cooling, hot water and related purposes. Because of trigeneration we have, for
High efficiency production of electricity and heat necessit
Reduced fuel and energy costs y
Lower electrical usage during peak summer demand
Engine heat can be used to produce steam of hot water for onsite use
Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
No harmful chemical pollutants since water is used as the refrigerant
2 marks for
explanation
Page No: 7/ 19
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
In closed cycle gas turbine plant, the working fluid (air or any other suitable gas)
coming out from compressor is heated in a heater by an external source at constant
pressure.
The high temperature and high-pressure air coming out from the external heater is passed
through the gas turbine. The fluid coming out from the turbine is cooled to its original
temperature in the cooler using external cooling source before passing to the compressor.
The working fluid is continuously used in the system without its change of phase and the
required heat is given to the working fluid in the heat exchanger.
C Explain the need of co generation with suitable example.
Ans.-
Need of Co-generation 3 marks for
A) Co-generation power plants does maximum utilization of primary fuels
B) Co-generation satisfies the need of electricity and process heat simultaneously
C) Instead of using two separate units for generation of heat and power uses single
cogeneration plant
1) In a conventional power plant, the fuel is burnt in a boiler, which in turn produces
high pressure steam. This high pressure steam is used to drive a turbine, which is
connected toan alternator and hence drive an alternator to produce electric energy. The
exhaust steamis then sent to the condenser, where it gets cool down and gets converted
to water and hence return back to boiler for producing more electrical energy. The
efficiency of this conventional power plant is 35 % only.
2) In cogeneration plant the low pressure steam coming from turbine is not condense
to form water, instead of it its used for heating or cooling in building and factories, as
this lowpressure steam from turbine has high thermal energy. The cogeneration plant
has high efficiency of around 80 – 90%. In other words Cogeneration is a very efficient
technology togenerate electricity and heat. It is also called Combined Heat and Power
(CHP) as cogeneration produces heat and electricity simultaneously.
So cogeneration is needed -
1) To improve the efficiency of the plant.
2) To reduces cost of production and improve productivity.
3) To save water consumption and water costs.
4) To make power plant more economical as compared to conventional power plant.
5) To make fuel utilization more efficient and optimized and hence more economical. 1 mark for
example.
6) To reduce air emissions of particulate matter, nitrous oxides, sulphur dioxide,
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
mercury and carbon dioxide which would otherwise leads to greenhouse effect.
Example: Thermal Power Plant
d) Compare between Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
Ans-
Sr. No. PWR BWR
Any four
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
points
power plants consist of two loops—
(i) primary loop or coolant loop that ( each point
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) power 1 marks)
takes away heat from reactor, and
plants consist of a single loop where the
1 (ii) secondary loop or working fluid coolant that takes away heat from the
loop that drives the turbine. A heat reactor is directly fed to the turbine. Thus
exchanger (HE) is employed to transfer no heat exchanger is desired
heat from primary loop to the
secondary loop.
Page No: 9/ 19
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Attempt any Three 3X4=12
a) Explain world Scenario of demand and supply of energy.
Ans.- 2 marks for
World energy consumption is the total energy produced and used by the demand
entire human civilization. Typically measured per year, it involves all energy
harnessed from every energy source applied towards humanity's endeavors across every
single industrial and technological sector, across every country. It does not include
energy from food, and the extent to which direct biomass burning has been accounted
for is poorly documented. Being the power source metric of civilization, world energy
consumption has deep implications for humanity's socio-economic-political sphere.
World total primary energy consumption by fuel in 2018
Coal (27%) Natural Gas (24%)
Hydro (renewables) (7%) Nuclear (4%)
Oil (34%) Others (renewables) (4%)
Demand of energy in India
During the fiscal year 2017-18, the utility energy availability was 1,205 billion
KWh, a short fall relative to requirements of 8 billion KWh (-0.7%). Peak load met was
160,752 MW, 3,314 MW (-2%) below requirements. In the 2018 Load Generation Balance
report, India's Central Electricity Authority anticipated energy surplus and peak surplus to
be 4.6% and 2.5%, respectively, for the 2018–19 fiscal year It stated that power would be
made available to the few states expected to face shortages from regions with a surplus,
through regional transmission links From calendar year 2015 onwards, power generation
in India has been less of a problem than power distribution.
Supply
India has recorded rapid growth in electricity generation since 1985, increasing 2 marks for
from 179 TW- hr in 1985 to 1,057 TW-hr in 2012.The majority of the increase came from supply
coal-fired plants and non-conventional renewable energy sources (RES), with the
contribution from natural gas, oil, and hydro plants decreasing in 2012-2017. The gross
utility electricity generation (excluding imports from Bhutan) was 1,372 billion kWh in
2018-19, representing 5.53% annual growth compared to 2017-2018.The contribution
from renewable energy sources was nearly 17% of the total. In the year 2018-19, more
than 50% is contributed by the renewable energy sources to the total incremental
electricity generation.
b) Name any four Nuclear plants situated in India with their capacity. 4 marks
Ans-
Plant Use Factor = Annual Energy production / ( Plant Capacity X Running Hour )
1 mark
= 700 X 103 / [ (2 X 40 X 7000) + (1 X 20 X 1500)]
Plant Use Factor = 1.186
03 Marks
for Diagram
with label
Construction Details: Benson Boiler is a high pressure, drum less, supercritical, water tube
steam boiler with forced circulation. This boiler was invented in the year 1922 by Mark Benson.
This boiler is a supercritical boiler in which the feed water is compressed to a supercritical
pressure and this prevents the formation of bubbles in the water tube surface. The bubbles do 03 Marks for
not form because at supercritical pressure the density of water and steam becomes the same. It construction
was Mark Benson who first proposed the idea to compress the water at supercritical pressure
before heating into the boiler and due to this the latent heat of water reduces to zero. As the
latent heat of water reduces to zero the water directly changes into steam without the formation
of bubbles.
1. Air Preheater
It preheats the air before entering into the furnace. The preheated air increases the burning
efficiency of the fuel.
2. Economiser
It heats the water to a certain temperature.
03 Marks
for Diagram
with label
Diagram:
02 Marks
for Diagram
with label
Working of BWR: Figure shows a simplified BWR. Light water, which acts as the coolant and 02 Marks
for working
moderator, passes through the core where boiling takes place in the upper part of the core. The wet
steam then passes through a bank of moisture separators and steam dryers in the upper part of the
pressure vessel. The water that is not vaporized to steam is recirculated through the core with the
entering feed water using two recirculation pumps coupled to jet pumps (usually 10 to 12 per
recirculation pump). The steam leaving the top of the pressure vessel is at saturated conditions of
7.2 MPa and 278°C.
The steam then expands through a turbine coupled to an electrical generator. After
condensing to liquid in the condenser, the liquid is returned to the reactors as feedwater. Prior to
A Explain with neat sketch working principle of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boiler.
Ans:
03 Marks
for Diagram
with label
Working: The traditional grate fuel firing systems have got limitations and are techno-
economically unviable to meet the challenges of future. Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler has
emerged as a viable alternative and has significant advantages over conventional firing system and
offers multiple benefits -compact boiler design, fuel flexibility, higher combustion efficiency and
reduced emission of noxious pollutants such as SOx and NOx. The fuels burnt in these boilers
03 Marks
include coal, washery rejects, rice husk, bagasse & other agricultural wastes. The Fluidized Bed for Working
Combustion Boiler have a wide capacity range of 0.5 T/hr to over 100 T/hr.
When the high velocity gas is passed through a packed bed of finely divided solid particles, the
particles become suspended in the gas stream and the packed bed becomes a fludised bed. When
the gas velocity is very high, the fludised bed become turbulent and rapid mixing of particles
occurs. Ultimately, the behavior of mixture of solid particles and gas become a fluid. Burning of a
fuel in such a state is known as Fludised Bed Combustion. The boiler plant using this fludised bed
combustion is known as fludised bed boilers.
Ans:
1) Annual load factor = 50% = 50 / 100 = 0.5
2) Average load = Peak load x Annual load factor
= 35 x 0.5
02 Marks
Average load = 17 MW
3) Energy Supplied = Energy produced in a year
= Average load x No. of hours in a year
= 17 x 8760 MWH
Energy Supplied = 148 x 106 KWH
02 Marks
4) Connected Load = 15 + 10 + 5 + 7
= 37 MW
5) Demand Factor = Peak Load / Connected Load
= 35 / 37
Demand Factor = 0.945
02 Marks