Ashish Raj Shaw - 26301322089-1

NAME-ASHISH RAJ SHAW
DEPARTMENT-CIVIL ENGINEERING
ROLL NO-26301322089
YEAR-3RD
SUBJECT-ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ESTIMATION AND COSTING
CE(PC)602
ESTIMATION
ESTIMATE
An estimate of the cost of a construction job is
the probable cost of that job as computed
from plans and specifications.
 For a good estimate the, actual cost of the

proposed work after completion should not
differ by more then 5 to 10 % from its
approximate cost estimate, provided there are
no unusual, unforeseen circumstances.
ESTIMATION
Estimation is the scientific way of working out
the approximate cost of an engineering
project before execution of the work.
 It is totally different from calculation of the

exact cost after completion of the project.
 Estimation requires a thorough Knowledge
of the construction procedures and cost of
materials & labour in addition to the skill ,
experience, foresight and good judgment.
NEED FOR ESTIMATE
1. It help to work out the approximate cost of the project in
order to decide its feasibility with respect to the cost and
to ensure the financial resources, it the proposal is
approved.
2. Requirements of controlled materials, such as cement

and steel can be estimated for making applications to the
controlling authorities.
3. It is used for framing the tenders for the works and to

check contractor’s work during and after the its
execution for the purpose of making payments to the
contractor.
4. From quantities of different items of work calculated in

detailed estimation, resources are allocated to different
activities of the project and ultimately their durations and
whole planning and scheduling of the project is carried
out.
SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST
1 = Each type of work requires a different method of
construction. Construction may be of an ordinary house
or office and it may also be of a Dam, Tunnel, Multistory
building, Airport, Bridge, or a Road, already in
operation. Each of these works requires totally different
construction techniques, type of machinery, and
formwork.
2 = Quality of labour and labour output varies in different

localities.
3 = Weather conditions greatly affect the output and,

hence, the overall cost.
SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST (-ctd-)
4. Ground conditions vary and change the

method of construction. For example,
excavation may be dry, wet, hard, soft,
shallow or deep requiring different efforts.
5. The work may be in open ground such as

fields or it may be in congested areas such
as near or on the public roads, necessitating
extensive watching, lightening, and
controlling efforts, etc.
SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST (-ctd-)
6. The source of availability of a sufficient

supply of materials of good quality is
also a factor.
7. The availability of construction

machinery also affects the method of
construction.
8. Access to the site must be reasonable.

If the access is poor, temporary roads
may be constructed.
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD
• In preparing
ESTIMATOR an estimate, the Estimator must
have good knowledge regarding the important
rules of quantity surveying.
• He must thoroughly understand the drawings of

the structure, for which he is going to prepare
an estimate.
• He must also be clearly informed about the

specifications showing nature and classes of
works and the materials to be used because the
rates at which various types of works can be
executed depend upon its specifications.
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR (-ctd-)
A good estimator of construction costs should possess the following
capabilities, also:-
1 = A knowledge of the details of construction work.
2 = Experience in construction work.
3 = Having information regarding the materials required, machinery needed,

overhead problems, and costs of all kinds.
4 = Good judgment with regard to different localities, different jobs and

different workmen.
5 = Selection of a good method for preparing an estimate.
6 = Ability to be careful, thorough, hard working and accurate.
7 = Ability to collect, classify and evaluate data relating to estimation.
8 = Ability to visualize all the steps during the process of construction.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR (-ctd-)
 Before preparing the estimate, the estimator should visit the site
and make a study of conditions, there. For example, if the
construction of a large building is planned, the estimator or his
representative should visit the site and:
 Note the location of the proposed building.

 Get all data available regarding the soil.
 Make a sketch of the site showing all important details.
 Obtain information concerning light, power, and water.
 Secure information concerning banking facilities.
 Note conditions of streets leading to railway yards and to material
dealers, and
 Investigate general efficiency of local workman.
TYPES OF ESTIMATES
 There are two main types of estimates:-

1 = Rough cost estimate.
2 = Detailed estimate.
 Depending upon the purpose of estimate,

some types of detailed estimate are as
follows:-
a) Contractor's estimate
b) Engineer's estimate
c) Progress estimate
I = Rough cost estimate
• Estimation of cost before construction from

plans or architectural drawings of the project
scheme, when even detailed or structural
design has not been carried out, is called
Rough cost estimate.
• These estimates are used for obtaining

Administrative Approval from the concerning
Authorities.
• Sometimes, on the basis of rough cost

estimates, a proposal may be dropped
altogether.
Rough cost estimate (-ctd-)
• Unit cost is worked out for projects similar to

the project under consideration carried out
recently in nearly the same site conditions.
• Unit cost means cost of execution of a unit

quantity of the work.
• To find rough cost of any project, this worked average unit
cost is multiplied with total quantity of the present work in
the same units.
• For example, in case of a building, plinth area (sq. ft.) of

the proposed building is worked out, which is then
multiplied by the cost per unit area (Rs. /ft2) of similar
building actually constructed in the near past in nearly the
same site conditions, to find out the rough cost estimate of
the building.
• This cost is sometimes adjusted by the average

percentage rise in the cost of materials and wages.
Rough cost estimate
 The rough cost estimate may be prepared on the following basis
for different types of projects:
1. Cost per square foot of covered area (plinth area) is the most
commonly adopted criterion for preparing rough cost estimate
for most of the residential buildings.
2. For public buildings, cost. Per person (cost per capita) is used.
For example,
Students hostel———————-—cost per student
Hospitals————————————Cost per bed
Hotel—————————————Cost per Guest

3. Cost per cubic foot is particularly suitable for
commercial offices, shopping centers, and factory
buildings, etc.
4. For water tank/reservoir, cost may be worked out on the

basis of capacity in gallons of water stored.
5. For roads and railways, cost may be found out per

mile/kilometer of length.
6. For streets, cost may be per hundred feet/meters of

length.
7. In case of bridges, cost per foot/meter of clear span

may be calculated.
EXAMPLE
 Calculate the total rough cost estimate and
cost per Flat for a multi-storey (4-storeyed)
block consisting of 40 residential flats. Other
details are given in the table:

Sr. No PORTION AREA UNIT COST (Rs./sq.ft.)
(sq. ft)
Building Sanitory Electric Sui Gas
Works Works Services Services
1 Main Flat Area
(i) Ground Floor 20030 1800 130 100 60

(ii) Ist Floor 20030 1500 130 100 60
(iii) 2nd Floor 20030 1650 130 100 60
(iv) 3rd Floor 20030 1800 130 100 60
2 Park Area at G. Floor 75,800 800 -------- 40 -------
3 Circulation Area in all 1936 1050 -------- 70 -------

4 floors
4 Covered Shopping 920 950 -------- 70 -------

Area at G. Floor
5 Attached Servant 2112 1150 55 70 40

Quarters
Add the following costs as Lump
Sum :and Walkways = 15,00,000/-
1- Road
2- Land Scapping = 12,00,000/-
3- External Sewerage = 7,00,000/-
4- External Water Supply, Overhead and Underground
Water Tanks with pumping machinery for each set
of Flats = 19,00,000/-
5- External Electricity = 3,00,000/-
6- Boundary Wall = 6,00,000/-
7- Miscellaneous unforeseen items
= 8,00,000/-
8- Add 6 % development charges.

9- Add 3 % consultancy charges
DETAILED ESTIMATE
• Detailed estimates are prepared by carefully and
separately calculating in detail the costs of various
items of the work that constitute the whole project from
the detailed working drawings after the design has
been finalized.
• The mistakes, if any, in the rough cost estimate are

eliminated in the detailed estimate.
• Detailed estimates are submitted to the competent

authorities for obtaining technical sanction.
DETAILED ESTIMATE
 The whole project is sub-divided into different items
of work or activities. The quantity for each item is
then calculated separately from the drawings as
accurately as possible. The procedure is known as
"taking out of quantities".
 The quantities for each item may be estimated and

shown in the pattern which is called "Bill of
quantities."
 The unit, in which each item of the wok is to be

calculated, should be according to the prevailing
practice as followed in various departments of the
country.
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Description No Measurements Quantity Total Remarks
Sr. No
of item Quantity
Length Breadth Height

PRICED BILL OF QUANTITIES
Sr. No. Description of Item Unit Quantity Rate Cost Remarks

DETAILED ESTIMATE
 Each item of the work is then multiplied by its estimated

current rate calculated by a fixed procedure to find out
cost of the item.
 At the end, a total of all items of the work are made to

get the total estimated cost.
 The rates are usually as per Schedule of Rates for the

locality plus a premium to allow for rise in labor and
material rates over and above the schedule of rates.
 A percentage, usually 5% is also provided on the total

estimated cost for the work to allow for the possible
contingencies due to unforeseen items or expenditure or
other causes, besides 2% establishment charges.
DETAILED ESTIMATE
 Besides drawings and details of measurements and

calculation of quantities (Bill of Quantities), the following
documents are also usually submitted with the detailed
estimate for obtaining Technical Sanction:
1. A report explaining History, necessity, scope and main

features of the project, its design, and estimate, etc.
2. Specifications lying down the nature and class of work and

material to be used in various parts of the work.
3. The abstract of cost (priced Bill of Quantities) showing the

total quantities under each sub-head, rate per unit of
measurement, and cost.
4. Calculation sheets showing calculations for important parts

of the structure. In fact, in estimating the art and skill lies
only in the computation of details without any omissions, of
all parts of the building or work.
CLASSIFICATION DEPENDING UPON PURPOSE OF
DETAILED ESTIMATE
1- CONTRACTOR ESTIMATE
IT IS MADE BY THE CONTRACTOR FOR
DETERMINING THE PRICE OR PRICES TO BE BID.
IT IS USUALLY A CAREFULLY PREPARED DETAILED
ESTIMATE.
2- ENGINEER’S ESTIMATE
THIS TYPE OF ESTIMATE IS MADE BY THE ENGINEER

(CONSULTANT) USUALLY FOR THE PURPOSES OF
FINANCING THE WORK AND FOR CHECKING BIDS
AND RUNNING BILLS SUBMITTED BY
CONTRACTORS.
3- PROGRESS ESTIMATES
• These are made by the Engineer at regular intervals for the completed parts
of the project during the progress of the work for determining the amounts of
partial payments to be made to the contractor.
• On large contracts, such estimates are commonly made each month and,
hence, are frequently called monthly estimates.
UNFORESEEN ITEMS IN DETAILED ESTIMATE
• While preparing a detailed estimate, one had to

be very careful to see that all items of the work
are incorporated.
• It is likely that a few Items, though unimportant in
nature, might have been overlooked and which
may result in raising the estimate of the project.
• There may be also certain unforeseen
circumstances affecting the project.
• Hence, a certain allowance usually 5 to 10% of
the total cost, is made in the estimation which will
take care of all these items that are unforeseen or
are overlooked and are known as
"Contingencies".
METHODS OF DETAILED ESTIMATE
 The dimensions, length, breadth and height or depth are
to be taken out from the working drawings (plan,
elevation and section).
 Junctions of walls, corners and the meeting points of walls

require special attention.
 For symmetrical footings, which is the usual case,

earthwork in excavation in foundations, foundation
concrete, brickwork in foundation and plinth, and
brickwork in superstructure may be estimated by either of
the two methods:
(1) SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALL METHOD

(2) CENTER LINE METHOD
SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALLS METHOD
• The walls running in one direction are termed as
"long walls” and the walls running in the transverse
direction, as "Short waLls", without keeping in mind
which wall is lesser in length and which wall is
greater in length.
• Lengths of long walls are measured or found
"Out-to out" and those of short walls as "In-to-in".
• Different quantities are calculated by multiplying
the length by the breadth and the height of the
wall.
• The same rule applies to the excavation in
foundation, to concrete bed in foundation, D.P.C.,
masonry in foundation and super structure etc.
• For symmetrical footing on either side, the center
line remains same for super structure, foundation
and plinth. So, the simple method is to find out
the centre-to-centre lengths of long walls and
short walls from the plan.
• Long wall length out-to-out
= Center to center length + half breadth on one
Side + half breadth on other side.
= Center to center length + one breadth
• Short wall length in-to-in = Center to Center

length - one breadth.
This method can also be worked out in a quicker way., as follows:
 For long walls

• First of all, find the length of the foundation trench of the long wall
“out-to-out” in the same manner as explained above.
• The length of the foundation concrete is the same.
• For the length of the first footing or first step of the brick wall,
subtract two offsets (2x6"=12") in foundation concrete from the
length of the trench or concrete.
• For the second footing subtract from the length of the 1st footing
two offsets (2x2.25"= 4.5"), for 3rd footing subtract from the length of
the 2nd footing 2 offsets (4.5") and in this way deal with the long
walls up to the super-structure.
 For short walls

Follow he same method but instead of subtracting add two offsets
to get the corresponding lengths in-to-in.
1 Breadth 1 Breadth
2 2
Foundation
Trench
CENTRE LINE METHOD
 In this method, total length of centre lines of walls, long
and short, has to be found out.
 Find the total length of centre lines of walls of same type,
having same type of foundations and footings and then
find the quantities by multiplying the total centre length
by the respective breadth and the height.
 In this method, the length will remain the same for
excavation in foundations, for concrete in foundations, for
all footings, and for superstructure (with slight difference
when there are cross walls or number of junctions).
 This method is quicker but requires special attention and
considerations at the junctions, meeting points of partition
or cross walls.
CENTRE LINE METHOD
 For rectangular, circular polygonal (hexagonal,
octagonal etc) buildings having no inter or cross
walls, this method is quite simple.
 For buildings having cross or partition walls, for

every junction, half breadth of the respective
item or footing is to be deducted from the total
centre length.
 Thus in the case of a building with one partition

wall or cross wall having two junctions, deduct
one breadth of the respective item of work from
the total centre length.
CENTRE LINE METHOD
 For buildings having different types of walls, each set of walls shall
have to be dealt separately.
 Find the total centre length of all walls of one type and proceed in the
same manner as described above. Similarly find the total centre
length of walls of second type and deal this separately, and so on.
 Suppose the outer walls (main walls) are of A type and inner cross
walls are of B type.
 Then all A type walls shall be taken jointly first, and then all B type
walls shall be taken together separately.
 In such cases, no deduction of any kind need be made for A type

walls, but when B type walls are taken, for each junction deduction of
half breadth of A type walls (main Walls) shall have to be made from
the total centre length of B type walls.
CENTRE LINE METHOD
 At corners of the building where two walls
are meeting, no subtraction or addition is
required.
 In the figure, the double cross-hatched

areas marked P,Q,R, & S come twice, while
blank areas, A,B,C, & D do not come at all,
but these portions being equal in
magnitude, we get the correct quantity.
DESCRIPTION AND UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT FOR
COMMON ITEMS
1 = SITE CLEARANCE WORKS
• This item is described in detail but the price of this item is usually indicated
as lump sum (LS).
• The cost of this item is provided in the estimate by judgment, according to

the description of the item and is indicated as Lump sum (L.S).
2 = EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES
• Earthwork in excavation for foundation trenches is calculated by taking the

dimensions of each trench as length X breadth X depth.
• It is measured in cubic ft, cubic yard or cubic meter, according to the

prevailing practice.
• The payment for this item is generally done as Rs. per hundred cubic ft.
FILLING IN TRENCHES
 Filling
in trenches after the
construction of foundation
masonry is ordinary neglected. If
the trench filling is, also taken in
account, it may be calculated by
deducing the volume of masonry
in trenches from that of the
volume of excavation.
3 = FOUNDATION CONCRETE (P.C.C.)
• The type of concrete must be clearly mentioned.

The mix proportions and the type of cement,
sand and coarse aggregate must be specified.
• This item is measured in cubic ft and the unit for

measurement is, generally Rs. per 100 cubic ft.
• When the soil is soft or weak, one layer of dry

bricks or stone soling is applied below the
foundation concrete. The soling layer is
computed in sq.ft (length X breadth), specifying
the thickness in description of item.
4 = BRICKWORK IN FOUNDATION UP TO PLINTH
 Care must be taken, while taking dimensions from the

drawings in the bill of quantities because the walls in this
part of the structure are in the form of steps with
changing dimensions.
 This item is calculated in cft and the unit for payment is

Rs. per 100 cft.
 In the description of work, the quality of bricks and

mortar ratio must be specified. For example,
"Brickwork in foundation and plinth using first class bricks
laid in (1:4) or (1:6) cement-sand (c/s) mortar—————
——“
5 = BRICKWORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE
Important considerations are:
a = Measurements of walls shall be taken in the

same order and in the same manner as for
brickwork in foundations and plinth.
b = In the first measurements, all openings such as

doors, windows, veranda openings etc. shall be
neglected. However, deductions shall be made
for all openings in the walls, at the end of the
item.
BRICKWORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE (ctd)
c = In the description of the work, the quality of
bricks and mortar ratio have to be specified.
d = Masonry for arches shall be paid separately, at

a different rate.
e = The height of super structure is very important.

Generally the quantities are worked out for
each storey separately and rates would be
different for different storeis because of
additional labor work, scaffolding and shuttering.
f = The item is worked out in cft and the standard

unit for payment is Rs. Per 100 cft.
6 = DAMP PROOF COURSE (D.P.C.)
 Horizontal D.P.C. shall extend the full width of the

super structure walls, however, it shall not be
provided across doorways and veranda
openings. It is also provided in roof and floors.
 Vertical D.P.C. is provided in external walls,

especially, in the walls of basements.
 The quantity of D.P.C. is estimated in square ft.(on

area basis) and standard unit for payment is Rs.
per 100 sft.
7 = ROOFING & RCC WORKS
 Area of the Roof slab is calculated by taking inside
dimensions of the room plus a bearing of the roof slab on
the walls, on all sides.
 For R.C.C. Roof slabs and beams, the total quantities of

concrete and steel are estimated, separately.
 The quantity of plain concrete is estimated in cft and the

standard unit for payment of concrete is Rs. per 100 cft.
 Volume of Reinforcing Steel is not deducted , while

estimating the volume of plain concrete for payment.
 c = R.C.C. lintels over wall openings such as doors and

windows are also included in R.C.C. work.
ROOFING & RCC WORKS (ctd)
• Roof consisting of beams, battens, and tiles or wooden
planks is estimated for each part, separately.
Steel beam is estimated by weight, whereas, wooden

beam is measured in cft. Battens are estimated by
numbers indicating there size and lengths. Tiles are also
estimated by size and numbers.
• Roof finishing may consist of bitumen coating and/or

Polythene sheets (water proofing) , earth filling (heat
proofing) and brick tiles, etc.
Dimensions are taken from inner face to inner face of

parapet walls.
This item is estimated in sft and a composite rate for

payment is taken as Rs. per 100 sft of the roof area.
8 = REINFORCEMENT STEEL / GENERAL STEEL
WORK
 Steel is provided separately from R.C.C. per ton, per Kg, or per cwt (standard
weight also called Quintal or century weight equal to 112 Ibs = 50Kg).
 Quantity of steel can either be worked out by rules of thumb practice or by

intensive calculations taking the length and diameter of steel bars from the
working drawings showing reinforcement details and bar-bending schedules.
In taking length of bars, due margin of hooks, bends and overlapping is given
REINFORCEMENT STEEL / GENERAL STEEL WORK
(-ctd-)
 As a Rule Of Thumb Practice,

for ordinary beams and slabs for residences,
assume 6.75 Ibs of steel per cft of R.C.C. work.
However, for R.C.C. columns, it varies from 8 to 10
Ibs per cft., because normally, we use 2% of steel
in columns.
 Percentage of steel means, area of steel divided

by total area of the column multiplied by 100 and
1% of steel in columns corresponds to a quantity
of 4.5 Ibs/cft.
9 = FLOORS
 Cement concrete floors. Mosaic floors, and brick floors
are most commonly used.
 Payments are made separately for different layers, like,

topping, lean concrete, sand filling, earth filling, etc.
 Earth filling, sand filling and lean concrete are paid by

volume, whereas, topping is paid on area basis,
mentioning thickness in the description.
 Standard unit for payment of topping is, usually, Rs. per

100 sft.
 The skirting is estimated in running ft.

10 = PLASTERING
 The type of plaster, proportioning of materials and

minimum thickness of plaster have to be specified.
 The quantity is calculated for total wall surface without

deduction for openings such as doors windows,
ventilators, etc. However, if the wall is being plastered on
both the faces, the deductions for opening areas are
made from one side only.
 Standard unit for payment is Rs. per 100 sft.
 Height is also specified for plastering because, for greater

heights, labor cost increases. The rate varies according to
the number of the storey
11 = WOODWORK/CARPENTRY
 The type of material used and the quantity of
finish required should be clearly indicated in the
description of the item.
 The rate for any type of woodwork includes

cutting of timber to required sizes, joinery work,
fittings and fastenings, three coats of oil paints or
varnish, bolts, locks, handles, etc.
 The measurements are taken for the overall area

of doors, windows, etc. If volume of timber
required for these items is to be finding out, the
computed area is multiplied with the nominal
thickness and an allowance of 25% is made for
wastage of timber.
WOODWORK/CARPENTRY (-ctd-)
 Rectangular wooden beams, vertical columns, trusses, etc., are measured in
cft.
 Wooden stairs are measured in number of steps and description of the item
includes the riser, tread, and width of the steps.
 Wooden shelves are measured in running ft (RFT).

12 = PLUMBING WORK/SANITARY FITTINGS
 For water supply and drainage works in a

building, the pipe lines and sewer lines are
measured in RFT, while other items are measured
in numbers.
 These items include wash hand basins (W.H.B.),

kitchen basins (which may be of glazed ceramic,
mosaic, or stainless steel), water closets (W.C.,
which may be of European type, or local type),
flushing tanks (also known as flushing cisterns),
shower rose, and all type of water tapes.
PLUMBING WORK/SANITARY FITTINGS (-ctd-)
 Within sewer lines, man holes or inspection chambers are to be
provided at every corner and also at a distance, not exceeding
every 50 ft inside the house and every 100 ft outside the house.
 The size of man hole may be 2.5ft X 2,5ft for low depths and 3ft X 3ft,
4ft X 4ft or 5ft X 5ft for deep depths.
 Drainage pipe lines outside the covered area but inside the boundary
wall are, usually, of R.C.C. with minimum diameter 4 in, however,
these are available in different sizes.
 Inside the building, drainage pipe is, usually, of C.I. with minimum
diameter 3 in.
 Water supply pipes are, usually, G.I. pipes., estimated in RFT in

different dias.
 Other accessories, like sockets, elbows, tees, reducers, unions, etc.,

are estimated in numbers.
13 = ELECTRIC FITTINGS
• All the accessories used in electric fittings are described in detail and
payment is done in numbers or RFT.
• All wires and pipes are taken in RFT while other items are taken in
No’s.
SOME COMMON RELATIONS
USED IN BUILDING
ESTIMATES
1- MORTARS
(a)Cement-Sand Mortars
120 cft dry yields 100 cft wet
(b) Lime-Sand Mortars

(C) Cement-Lime-Sand Mortars

(d) Dry mortar required for 100 sft of ½” thick cement

plaster =6 cft
2- CEMENT CONCRETE
3- BRICKWORK
(a) 100 cft Brick masonary Bricks ------------1350
Dry Mortar ------- 30 cft
Wet Mortar ------- 25 cft
(b) 100 sft surface area using bricks on bed

Bricks --------------360
Mortar ------------- 9 cft
(b) 100 sft surface area using bricks on edge

Bricks --------------540
Mortar ------------- 13 cft
4- POINTING PER 1000 SFT AREA
Ingredient 1:1 1:2 1:3

Cement 8 cft 5 cft 3.8 cft
Sand 8 cft 10 cft 11.4 cft
5- EARTHWORK
Output of labor assuming one man working 8 hours per day with lift up to
5 ft or less
TYPE OF SOIL EXCAVATION PER DAY

Medium Soil 75 – 100 cft
Hard / Stiff Soil 50 – 75 cft
Rocky Soil 25 – 30 cft
6- BITUMEN
Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat) = 15 Kg
Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second = 10 Kg

coat)
7- CEMENT
1 Bag ------------- 50 Kg (Weight), 1.25 cft (Volume)
8- SPECIFIC WEIGHTS
RCC --------------- 150 lbs / cft
PCC --------------- 145 lbs / cft
Aggregate ------- 166 lbs / cft

9- TIMBER
Timber for 100 sft of Panelled Doors and

Windows = 13 cft
Timber for 100 sft of Glazed windows and

Ventilators = 8 cft
10- WHITE WASH
Lime for 100 sft of white wash (one coat) = 1.00 Kg

ESTIMATION OF A SIMPLE
BUILDING
PLAN
FOUNDATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
 Clear height of rooms: 12’

 Clear height of Verandah: 10’-0”
 Plinth level: 1’-6”
 Thickness of roof slab: 4”
 Thickness of RCC shade: 3”
 Depth of RCC Beams in Verandah: 1’-6” below verandah slab
 Parapet wall: 1’-0” (Clear height above roof tiles)
 Ventilators (4 No.): 2’-6” x 1’-6”
 RCC lintel: 6” in depth
 Damp proof coarse: 1 ½”thick PCC (1:2:4) + 2 coats of hot bitumen
+ polythene sheet
 Full foundation up to plinth level along verandah periphery is
provided
 Internal finishes: Three coats of white wash/distemper paint
 External finishes: Three coats of Weather shield paint
Center to Center
Lengths
 L1 = (10’-0”) + (12’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4
½”) = 23’-1 ½”
 S1& S2 = (12’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) = 12’-9”
 S3 = (8’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) - (0’-4 ½”) = 8’-0”

BILL OF QUANTITIES
1- CIVIL WORKS
S. Description of item No Measurement Quantity Total Quantity Remarks
No
Length Breadth Depth
1 Earthwork for
excavation
in
foundation
trenches
L1 3 25’-7 ½ // 2’-6” 3’-6” 224.22 cft 672.66 cft L = 23’-1 ½”+2’-6” = 25’-7 ½”
S1 2 10’-3” 2’-6” 3’-6” 89.69 cft 179 .38 cft L = 12’-9”-(2’-6)” = 10’-3”
S2 1 10’-3” 2’-1 ½ ” 3’-6” 76.23 cft 76.23 cft L = 12’-9”-(2’-6)” = 10’-3”
S3 2 5’-6” 2’-6” 3’-6” 48.13 cft 96.25 cft L = 8’-0”-(2’-6)” = 5’-6”
Total = 1024.52 cft

2
Earth work in
filing under
floors
Room No.1 1 12’-0” 12’-0” 0’-6 ½ ” 78.00 cft 78.00 cft D = 1’-6”-(0’-11 ½”) = 6 1/2”
Room No.2 1 10’-0” 12’-0” 0’-6 ½ ” 65.00 cft 65.00 cft
Veranda 1 22’-4 ½ ” 7’-3” 0’-6 ½” 87.87 cft 87.87 cft L = 10’-0”+(0’-4½”)+(12’-0”)

= 22’-4 ½”
B = 8’-0”-(0’-9)”= 7’-3”
Total = 230.87 cft
3 Length & Breadth

P.C.C (1:4:8) in
foundation using same as for
crushed or Foundation trenches
broken stones (Item No. 1)
L1 3 25’-7 ½ ” 2’-6” 0’-6” 32.00 cft 96.00 cft
S1 2 10’-3” 2’-6” 0’-6” 12.81 cft 25.63 cft
S2 1 10’-3 2’-1 ½” 0’-6” 10.89 cft 10.89 cft
S3 2 5’-6 2’-6” 0’-6” 6.87 cft 13.75 cft
Total= 146.27 cft

4
Burnt brick work
in foundation and
plinth using first
class bricks in
(1:6) cements
sand mortar.
(a) L1
1st step 3 24’-7 ½ ” 1’-6” 0’-6” 18.47 cft 55.40 cft L = 23’-1½”+(1’-6”) = 24’-7½”
2nd step 3 24’-3” 1’-1 ½ “ 0’-6” 13.64 cft 40.92 cft L = 23’-1½”+(1’-1½”) = 24’-3”
3rd step up to plinth 3 23’-10 ½” 0’-9” 3’-4 ½” 60.43 cft 181.30 L = 23’-1½”+(0’-9”) =
level cft 23’-10½”
D = 2’-0” +(1’-6”) –(0’-1 ½”)
= 3’-4 ½”
Total= 277.62
cft
(b) S1
1st step 2 11’-3” 1’-6” 0’-6” 8.44 cft 16.88 cft L = 12’-9”-(1’-6”) = 11’-3”
2nd step 2 11’-7 ½ ” 1’-1 ½ ” 0’-6” 6.54 cft 13.08 cft L = 12’-9”-( 1’-1½”) = 11’-7½”
3rd step up to plinth 2 12’-0” 0’-9” 3’-4 ½ ” 30.37 cft 60.75 cft L = 12’-9”-( 0’-9”) = 12’-0”
level
Total= 90.71 cft

(c) S2
1st step 1 11’-3” 1’-1 ½ ” 0’-6” 6.33 cft 6.33 cft L = 12’-9”-(1’-6 ”) = 11’-3”
2nd step 1 11’-7 ½ ” 0’-9 ” 0’-6” 4.36 cft 4.36 cft L = 12’-9”-( 1’-1½”)= 11’-7½”
3rd step up to plinth 1 12’-0” 0’-4 ½ ” 3’-4 ½ ” 15.19 cft 15.19 cft L = 12’-9”-( 0’-9”) = 12’-0”
level
Total= 25.88 cft
(d)S3
1st step 2 6’-6” 1’-6” 0’-6” 4.87 cft 9.75 cft L = 8’-0”-(1’6”) = 6’-6’
2nd step 2 6’-10 ½ ” 1’-1 ½” 0’-6” 3.86 cft 7.73 cft L = 8’-0”-(1’-1½”) = 6’-10½”
3rd step up to plinth 2 7’-3” 0’-9” 3’-4 ½ ” 18.35 cft 36.70 cft L = 8’-0”-(0’-9”) = 7’-3”
level
Total= 54.18 cft
(e) steps in front of

verandah
1st step 1 23’-10 ½” 2’-0” 0’-6” 23.88 cft 23.88 cft L = 23’-1½”+(0’-4½”) +
(0’-4½”) =23’-10½”
2nd step 1 23’-10 ½” 1’-0” 0’-6” 11.94 cft 11.94 cft
Total= 35.82 cft
G.Total= 484.21 cft

5
1-1/2” thick P.C.C Length &
(1:2:4) in DPC Breadth same
including two as for plinth
wall
coats of hot
bitumen & 2
layers of
Polythene sheet
L1 2 23’-10 ½” 0’-9” - 17.9 sft 35.81 sft
S1 2 12’-0” 0’-9” - 9.00 sft 18.00 sft
S2 1 12’-0” 0’-4 ½” - 4.5 sft 4.50 sft
Verandah columns 3 0’-9” 0’-9” - 0.56 sft 1.69 sft
Total = 60.00 sft
Deduction of Door sills 1 4’-0” 0’-9” - 3.00 sft 3.00 sft
1 4’-0’ 0’-4 ½” - 1.50 sft 1.50sft
Total= 4.50 sft
Net Total = 55.50 sft

6 Length & Breadth
Brick work in
super structure same as for plinth
using first class wall
bricks in (1:4)
cement sand
mortar
L1 2 23’-10 ½” 0’-9” 13’-10 ½” 248.45 cft 496.90 cft H = 12’-0” (Room height) +
0’-4” ( Slab) + 0’-4’’ (Earth
filling) + 0’-1”(Mud plaster)
+ 0’-1½” (Tiles) + 1’-0”
(P. wall)
= 13’-10½”
S1 2 12’-0” 0’-9” 13’-10 ½” 124.87 cft 249.75 cft
S2 1 12’-0” 0’-4½ ” 12’-0” 54.00 cft 54.00 cft No Parapet Walls
Verandah columns 3 0’-9” 0’-9” 8’-6” 4.78 cft 14.34 cft H=10’-0”- (1’-6”)=8’-6”
Verandah parapet walls
(i) L1 1 23’-10 ½” 0’-9” 1’-6 ½” 27.60 cft 27.60 cft H = 0’-4” (Earth filling) + 0’-
1” (Mud plaster) +
0’-1½” (Tiles) + 1’-0” (P.
walls) = 1’-6½”
(ii) S3 2 7’-3” 0’-9” 1’-6 ½ ” 8.38 cft 16.76 cft
Total= 859.35 cft

Deduction
Doors 1 4’-0” 0’-9” 7’-0” 21.00 cft 21.00 cft
1 4’-0” 0’-4 ½ ” 7’-0” 10.5 cft 10.50 cft
Windows 3 4’-0” 0’-9” 4’-0” 12.00 cft 36.0 cft

Ventilators 4 2’-6” 0’-9” 1’--6” 2.81 cft 11.25 cft
Shelves 2 4’-0” 0’-6” 5’-0” 10.00 cft 20.00 cft

RCC lintels over
(i)doors 1 5’-0” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.87 cft 1.87 cft
1 5’-0” 0’-4 ½ ” 0’-6’ 0.93 cft 0.93 cft
(ii)Windows 3 5’-0” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.87 cft 5.62 cft

(iii)Ventilators 4 3’-6” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.31 cft 5.25 cft
(iv)Shelves 2 5’-0” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.87 cft 3.75 cft
Total = 116.18 cft
Net Total = 743.17 cft
7 Reinforced There is 4½” bearing
cement of both slabs on all
concrete walls
(1:2:4) as in
roof slab,
lintels,
columns,
beams etc.,
(reinforcement
will be
measured
separately)
Roof slab of 1 23’-1 ½” 12’-9” 0’-4” 98.28 cft 98.28 cft L = 10”-0” + 12’-0” +
rooms 0’-4½” + 0’-9” (2
bearings) = 23’-1½”
B = 12’-0” + 0-
4½”(bearing) + 0’-
4½”(bearing) = 12’-9”
Roof slab of 1 23’-10 ½ ” 8’-4 ½ ” 0’-4” 66.65 cft 66.65 cft B = 8’-0” + 0’-4½”
Verandah (bearing) = 8’-4½”
Verandah
beam
Long beam 1 23’-1 0½” 0’-9” 1’-6” 26.86 cft 26.86 cft
Short beam 2 7’-7 ½ ” 0’-9” 1’-6” 8.59 cft 17.18 cft L=8’-0”-(0’-9”) + (0’-
4½”) = 7’-7½”
Lintels
Doors 1 5’-0” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.87 cft 1.87 cft
1 5’-0” 0’-4½ ” 0’-6’ 0.93 cft 0.93 cft
Windows 3 5’-0” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.87 cft 5.62 cft
Ventilators 4 3’-6” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.31 cft 5.25 cft
Shelves 2 5’-0” 0’-9” 0’-6’ 1.87 cft 3.75 cft
Shades 2 5’-0” 1’-6” 0’-3” 1.87 cft 3.75 cft
Total= 226.39 cft
8 Mild steel round 6.75 lbs/cft
bars as steel of
reinforcement 226.39 cft
including cutting, concrete
bending, binding
and placing =1528.13
reinforcement in lbs
position
Total= 1529.00 lbs
9 Roof insulation
comprising of 2
coats of hot
bitumen, 4” thick
earth filling, 1” thick
mud plaster and 1-
1/2” thick brick tiles
jointed and pointed
in cement sand
mortar (1:3)
Rooms (1 & 2) 1 22’-4 ½ ” 12’-0” - 268.50 268.5 sft L = 10’-0”+ (12”-0”)
sft + (0’-4½”)
= 22’- 4-½”
Verandah 1 22’-4 ½ ” 7’-3” - 162.22 162.22 cft B = 8’- 0”- (0’-9”) =
cft 7’-3”
Total = 430.72 sft
10 Sand under floors
Room No.1 1 10’-0” 12’-0” 0’-6” 60.00 cft 60.00 cft
Room No.2 1 12’-0” 12’-0” 0’-6” 72.00 cft 72.00 cft
Verandah 1 22’-4½ ” 7’-3” 0’-6” 81.11 cft 81.11 cft
Total = 213.11 cft
11 Cement concrete
(1:4:8) as under
layer of floors
Room No.1 1 10’-0” 12’-0” 0’-4” 40.00 cft 40.00 cft
Room No.2 1 12’-0” 12’-0” 0’-4” 48.00 cft 48.00 cft
Verandah 1 22’-4 ½ ” 7’-3” 0’-4” 54.07 cft 54.07 cft
Total = 142.07 cft
12 1-1/2” thick
cement
concrete
(1:2:4) as top
layer of floor,
finished
smooth
Room No.1 1 10’-0” 12’-0” - 120.00 120.00 sft
sft
Room No.2 1 12’-0” 12’-0” - 144.00 144.00 sft
sft
Verandah 1 23’-10 ½” 8’-0” - 191.00 191.00 sft L = 10’-0” + (12’-0”) +
sft (0’-4 ½ ”) + (0’-9”) +
(0’-9”) = 23’-10 ½ ”
Door sill 1 1 4’-0’ 0’-9” - 3.00 sft 3.00 sft
Door sill 1 1 4’-0” 0’-4 ½ - 1.50sft 1.50sft
”
Total= 459.5 sft
Deduction
Columns 3 0’-9” 0’-9” - 0.56 sft 1.68sft
Net 457.80 sft
Total=
13
½” thick (1:3)
cement sand
plaster to walls
finished smooth
Inner side
Room No.1 (Long wall) 2 12’-0” - 12’-0” 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.1(Short wall) 2 10’-0” - 12’-0” 120.00 sft 240.00 sft
Room No.1 (Ceiling) 1 10’-0” - 12’-0” 120.00 sft 120.00 sft
Room No.2 (Long wall) 2 12’-0” - 12’-0” 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.2(Short wall) 2 12’-0” - 12’-0” 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Verandah wall 1 23’-10 ½” - 10’-0” 238.75 sft 238.75 sft L = (10’-0”) + (12’-0”) +
(0’-4½ “) +(0’-9”)+ (0’-9”)
= 23’-10 ½ “
Verandah ceiling 1 22’-4 ½” - 7’ –3” 162.26 sft 162.26 sft L = (10’-0”)+(12’-0”)
+(0’-4 ½ “) = 22’-½“
Columns 3 3’-0” - 8’-6” 25.50 sft 76.5 sft L = (0’-9”) + (0’-9”) +

(0’-9”) + (0’-9”) = 3’-0 ”
Long beam (internal 1 22’-4 ½” - 1’-6” 33.55 sft 33.55 sft
side)
Long beam (soffit) 2 10’-9 ¾” - 0’-9” 8.10 sft 16.21 sft L={(22’-4 ½”)-(0’-9”)}/2
=10’-9¾”
Short beam (internal 2 7’-3” - 1’-6” 10.87 sft 21.74 sft L={(8’-0”)-(0’-9”)}
sides) = 7’-3”
Short beam (soffit) 2 7’-3” - 0’-9” 5.43 sft 10.87 sft

Door jambs 2 0’-9” - 7’-0” 5.25 sft 10.50 sft
2 0’-4½” - 7’-0” 2.63 sft 5.25 sft

1 0’-9” - 4’-0” 3.0 sft 1.50 sft
1 0’-4½” - 4’-0” 1.50 sft 3.00 sft
Window jambs 6 0’-9” - 4’-0” 3.00 sft 18.00 sft
6 0’-9” - 4’-0” 3.00 sft 18.00 sft
Ventilator jambs 8 0’-9” - 2’-6” 1.88 sft 15.00 sft
8 0’-9” - 1’-6” 1.19 sft 9.00 sft
Shelves 4 0’-6” - 5’-0” 2.5 sft 10.00 sft
4 0’-6” - 4’-0” 2.0 sft 8.00 sft

Outer side
Rear wall 1 23’-10 ½” - 15’- 379.00 379.00 sft H = (0’-6”) + (1’-6”) +
10½” sft (12’-0”) + (0’-4”) + (0’-
(From 6” below 4’’) + (0’-1”) + (0’-1½”)
G.L. to Parapet + (1’-0”)
walls) = 15’-10½”
Left & Right side 2 13’-6” - 15’- 214.32 428.64 sft L= (12’-0”) + (0’-9”) +
wall 10½” sft (0’-9”)
= 13’-6”
Front side (above 1 23’-10 ½” - 3’-0” 71.63 sft 71.63 sft H = (12’-0”) + 0’-10½”)
verandah roof) + (1’-0”) - (10’-10 ½” )
= 3’-0”
Left & Right side 2 8’-0” - 2’-0” 16.00 sft 32.00 sft H = (1’ – 6’’) + (0’ – 6’’)
plinth of verandah = 2’ – 0’’
Parapet wall
Inner side of rooms 2 22’-4 ½” - 1’-0” 22.37 sft 44.70 sft L = (10’-0”)+(12’-
0”)+(0’-4 ½ “)
= 22’-4 ½ “
2 12’-0” - 1’-0” 12.00 sft 24.00 sft
Inner side of 1 22’-4 ½” - 1’-0” 22.37 sft 22.37 sft
Verandah
2 7’-3 “ - 1’-0” 7.25 sft 14.50 sft
Outer side of 1 23’-10 ½” - 3’- 67.66sft 67.66 sft H = (1’-6”)+(0’-
Verandah 4 ½” 4”)+(0’-6 ½”) + (1’-
0 “)
= 3’-4 1/2//
2 8’-0” - 2’-10” 22.67 sft 45.33 sft
Top of parapet wall 2 23’-10 ½” - 0’-9” 17.9 sft 35.80 sft
(Rooms)
2 12’-0” - 0’-9” 9.00 sft 18.00 sft
(Verandah)
2 7’-3” - 0’-9” 5.43 sft 10.87 sft
Steps
Tread 2 23’-10 ½” - 1’-0” 23.87 sft 47.74 sft
Riser 3 23’-10 ½” - 0’-6” 11.93 sft 35.80 sft
Sides 2 2’ – 00’’ 0’-6” 1.00 sft 2.00 sft
2 1’ – 00’’ 0’-6” 0.5 sft 1.00 sft
Total= 3316.07 sft
Deduction
Doors 2 4’-0’ - 7’-0” 28.00 sft 56.00 sft
Windows 3 4’-0’ - 4’-0” 16.00 sft 48.00 sft
Ventilators 4 2’-6” - 1’-6” 3.75 sft 15.00 sft
Total= 119.00 sft
Net Total= 3197.07 sft
14 Wood work as
in
(i) 1 ½” thick 2 4’-0’ - 7’-0” 28.00 sft 56.00 sft
wooden doors
with chowkat,.
Total = 56.00 sft
(ii) Glazed and 3 4’-0’ - 4’-0” 16.00 sft 48.00 sft
gauzed windows
and ventilators.
4 2’-6’ - 1’-6” 3.75 sft 15.00 sft
Total = 63.00 sft
G.Total = 119.00 sft
15 Three coats of - - - - - .(2 x Qty of item
painting to No.14)
doors , = 238.0 sft
windows and
ventilators
Total 238.00 sft
16 Three coats of
distempering/
white washing to
walls (Internal
Side)
Room No.1 2 12’-0” - 12’-0” 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
(Long wall)
Room No.1 2 10’-0” - 12’-0” 120.00 sft 240.00 sft
(Short wall)
Room No.2 2 12’-0” - 12’-0” 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
(Long wall)
Room No.2 2 12’-0” - 12’-0” 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
(Short wall)
Verandah wall 1 23’-10 ½” - 10’-0” 238.75 sft 238.75 sft
Verandah Ceiling 1 22’-4 ½” - 7’ –3” 162.26 sft 162.26 sft
Columns 3 3’-0” - 8’-6” 25.50 sft 76.50 sft
Long beam (sides) 1 22’-4 ½” - 1’-6” 33.55 sft 33.55 sft
Long beam (soffit) 2 10’-9 ¾” - 0’-9” 8.10 sft 16.21 sft L= {(22’-4 ½”)-(0’-9”)}/2
= 10’-9¾”
Short beam (sides) 2 7’-3” - 1’-6” 10.87 sft 21.74 sft
Short beam (soffit) 2 7’-3” - 0’-9” 5.43 sft 10.87 sft
Door jambs 2 0’-9” - 7’-0” 5.25 sft 10.50 sft
2 0’-4½” - 7’-0” 2.63 sft 5.25 sft
1 0’-9” - 4’-0” 3.0 sft 1.50 sft
1 0’-4½” - 4’-0” 1.50 sft 3.00 sft
Window jambs 6 0’-9” - 4’-0” 3.00 sft 18.00 sft
6 0’-9” - 4’-0” 3.00 sft 18.00 sft
Ventilator jambs 8 0’-9” - 2’-6” 1.88 sft 15.00 sft
8 0’-9” - 1’-6” 1.19 sft 9.00 sft
Shelves 4 0’-6” - 5’-0” 2.5 sft 10.00 sft
4 0’-6” - 4’-0” 2.0 sft 10.00 sft
Total = 2017.16 sft
Deduction
Doors 4 4’-0’ - 7’-0” 28.00 sft 112.00 sft
Windows 4 4’-0’ - 4’-0” 16.00 sft 64.00 sft
Total= 142.5 sft
Net 1874.66 sft
Total =
17 Three coats of
Weather shield
paint to walls.
(External side)
Rear wall 1 23’-10 ½” - 15’-4½” 367.07 sft 367.07 sft H = ={(15’-10 ½”)-
(0’-6”) = 15’-4 1/2”
Left & Right side wall 2 13’-6” - 15’-4½” 207.5 sft 415.13 sft
Front side (above 1 23’-10½” - 3’-0” 71.63 sft 71.63 sft
verandah roof)
Left & Right side wall 2 8’-0” - 2’-0” 16.00 sft 32.00 sft
of verandah
Parapet wall
Inner side of rooms 2 22’-4 ½” - 1’-0” 22.37 sft 44.70 sft
2 12’-0” - 1’-0” 12.00 sft 24.00 sft
Inner side of 1 22’-4 ½” - 1’-0” 22.37 sft 22.37 sft
Verandah
2 7’-3” - 1’-0” 7.25 sft 14.50 sft
Outer side of 1 23’-10½” - 2’-10½ ” 67.66 sft 67.66 sft
Verandah
2 8’-0” - 2’-10½ ” 22.67 sft 45.32 sft
(Rooms)
2 12’-0” - 0’-9” 9.00 sft 18.00 sft
(Rooms)
2 7’-3” - 0’-9” 5.43 sft 10.87 sft
Total= 1186.95 sft
Deduction
Windows 2 4’-0’ - 4’-0” 16.00 sft 32.00 sft

Total= 39.50 sft
Net 1147.45 sft
Total=
ABSTRACT OF QUANTITIES
1- CALCULATIONS
1. Excavation in Medium soil
Quantity from BOQ item No. 1 = 1024.52 cft
Output of one labourer working 8 hrs = 75 cft
04 labourers are required for 3 ½ days to

excavate 1050 cft earth.
2. PCC (1:4:8)
Quantity of BOQ item No.3 (Foundations) = 146.27 cft
Quantity of BOQ item No.11 (Floors) = 142.07 cft
Total = 288.34 cft
Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete = 154 cft
Note:
Materials
(i) Cement=154x1x288.34/(100x13) = 34.15cft
(ii) Sand=154x4x288.34/(100x13) = 136.62 cft
(iii) Coarse aggregate
=154x8x288.34/(100x13) = 273.25 cft
3. Ist Class Burnt brick work in foundation
in cement sand mortar (1:6)
Quantity of BOQ item No.4 = 484.21 cft
Note: Bricks for 100 cft of brick work = 1350 Nos.

Dry mortar for 100 cft of brik work = 30 cft
Material
(i) Bricks=1350x484.21/100 = 6537 Nos.
(ii) Cement=30x1x484.21/(7x100) = 20.75 cft
(iii) Sand=30x6x484.21/(7x100) = 124.51cft
4. 1 ½” thick PCC (1:2:4) in DPC including
two coats of hot bitumen & 2 sheets of
Polythene.
Quantity of BOQ item No.5=55.50x0.125 = 6.93 cft
Note: (i) Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete = 154 cft
(ii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat) = 15 Kg
(iii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second coat) = 10 Kg
Material
(i) Cement=154x1x6.93/(100x7) = 1.52 cft
(ii) Sand=154x2x6.93/(100x7) = 3.04 cft
(iii) Coarse aggregate=154x4x6.93/(100x7) = 6.09 cft
(iv) Bitumen =25x55.50/100 = 13.87 Kg
(v) Polythene Sheet (2 x 55.5) = 111.0 sft
5. Ist Class Burnt brick work in Super
structure in cement sand mortar (1:4)
Note: (i) Bricks for 100 cft of brick work = 1350 Nos.
(ii) Dry mortar for 100 cft of brik work = 30 cft
Material
(i) Bricks=1350x743.17/100 = 10033 Nos.
(ii) Cement=30x1x743.17/(5x100) = 44.59 cft
(iii) Sand=30x4x747.13/(5x100) = 178.36 cft

6. Reinforced cement concrete (1:2:4)
Note: Dry material for 100 cft of cement = 154 cft

concrete
Materials
(i) Cement=154x1x226.39/(100x7) = 49.80 cft
(ii) Sand=154x2x226.39/(100x7) = 99.61 cft
=154x4x226.39/(100x7) = 199.22 cft
(iv) Mild steel round bars = 1529 lbs
= 693.55 Kg
(Note: 1 Kg = 0.454 lbs)
7. Roof insulation
Quantity of BOQ item No.9 = 430.72 sft
Note: (i) Brick tiles for 100 sft roof insulation = 360 Nos.
(ii) Dry mortar for 100 sft = 9.00 cft
(iii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat) = 15 Kg
(iv) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC
(second coat) = 10 Kg
Material
(i) 1 ½” thick brick tiles = 1551 Nos.
(ii) Cement=9x1x430.72/(4x100) = 9.69 cft
(iii) Sand=9x4x430.72/(4x100) = 29.07 cft
(iv) Bitumen =430.72/100 = 107.68 Kg
(v) Mud /Earth filling=430.72x0.42 = 180.90 cft
(Vi) Polythene sheet (2 x 430.72) = 862 sft
8. Sand under floors
Material
Sand = 213.11 cft
9. 1 ½” thick cement concrete (1:2:4) in
floors
Quantity of BOQ item No.12=457.80x0.125 = 57.23 cft
Note: (i) 1 ½” = 0.125 ft = 154 cft

(ii) Dry material for 100 cft of cement
concrete
Materials
(i) Cement=154x1x57.23/(100x7) = 12.59 cft
(ii) Sand=154x2x57.23/(100x7) = 25.18 cft
=154x4x57.23/(100x7) = 50.36 cft
10. 1/2” thick cement plaster in cement sand
mortar (1:3)
Note: Dry mortar for 100 sft of ½” thick cement plaster = 6 cft
Material
(i) Cement=6x1x 3197.07/(4x100) = 47.96 cft
(ii) Sand=6x3x 3197.07/(4x100) = 143.87 cft
11. Wood work in door, windows ventilators

Quantity of BOQ item No.14 (i) Doors = 56.00 sft
Quantity of BOQ item No.14 (ii) Windows = 63.00 sft
Note: (i) Timber for 100 sft of Panelled Doors = 13 cft

(ii) Timber for 100 sft of Glazed windows and
Ventilators = 8 cft
Material
(i) Timber for doors =13x56/100 = 7.28 cft
(ii) Timber for windows and Ventilators = 5.04 cft
=8x63/100
Total = 13.32 cft
12. White wash / Distemper
Note: Lime for 100 sft of white wash (one coat) = 1.00 Kg
Material
Lime for three coats=1x3x1872.9/100 = 56.24 Kg
13. Weather Shield

14. Earth filling under floors

Material
Earth for filling = 230.87 cft
2- SUMMARY
S.No. Description of material Quantity
1. Cement 220.68 cft or

(From 2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10) 177 Bags
2. Sand 740.26 cft
(From 2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10)
3. Coarse aggregate 528.92 cft
(From 2,4,6,9)
4. Mild steel round bars (item No: 6) 693.55 Kg
5 Burnt bricks 1st class 16570 Nos.
(From 3,5)
6 1/2” thick Brick tiles (item No: 7) 1551 Nos.
7 Bitumen 121.55 Kg
(From 4,7)
8 Polythene sheet 973 sft
(From 4,7)
9. Timber 13.32 cft
(item No: 11)
10. Lime 56.24 Kg
(item No: 12)
11. Mud/Earth filling 411.77 cft

(From 7,13)

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NAME-ASHISH RAJ SHAW

 For a good estimate the, actual cost of the

 It is totally different from calculation of the

2. Requirements of controlled materials, such as cement

3. It is used for framing the tenders for the works and to

4. From quantities of different items of work calculated in

2 = Quality of labour and labour output varies in different

3 = Weather conditions greatly affect the output and,

4. Ground conditions vary and change the

5. The work may be in open ground such as

6. The source of availability of a sufficient

7. The availability of construction

8. Access to the site must be reasonable.

• He must thoroughly understand the drawings of

• He must also be clearly informed about the

1 = A knowledge of the details of construction work.

2 = Experience in construction work.

3 = Having information regarding the materials required, machinery needed,

4 = Good judgment with regard to different localities, different jobs and

6 = Ability to be careful, thorough, hard working and accurate.

7 = Ability to collect, classify and evaluate data relating to estimation.

8 = Ability to visualize all the steps during the process of construction.

 Note the location of the proposed building.

 There are two main types of estimates:-

 Depending upon the purpose of estimate,

• Estimation of cost before construction from

• These estimates are used for obtaining

• Sometimes, on the basis of rough cost

• Unit cost is worked out for projects similar to

• Unit cost means cost of execution of a unit

• For example, in case of a building, plinth area (sq. ft.) of

• This cost is sometimes adjusted by the average

Students hostel———————-—cost per student

Hospitals————————————Cost per bed

Hotel—————————————Cost per Guest

4. For water tank/reservoir, cost may be worked out on the

5. For roads and railways, cost may be found out per

6. For streets, cost may be per hundred feet/meters of

7. In case of bridges, cost per foot/meter of clear span

cost per Flat for a multi-storey (4-storeyed)

block consisting of 40 residential flats. Other

details are given in the table:

1 Main Flat Area

(i) Ground Floor 20030 1800 130 100 60

2 Park Area at G. Floor 75,800 800 -------- 40 -------

3 Circulation Area in all 1936 1050 -------- 70 -------

4 Covered Shopping 920 950 -------- 70 -------

5 Attached Servant 2112 1150 55 70 40

8- Add 6 % development charges.

• The mistakes, if any, in the rough cost estimate are

• Detailed estimates are submitted to the competent

 The quantities for each item may be estimated and

 The unit, in which each item of the wok is to be

Length Breadth Height

Sr. No. Description of Item Unit Quantity Rate Cost Remarks

 Each item of the work is then multiplied by its estimated

 At the end, a total of all items of the work are made to

 The rates are usually as per Schedule of Rates for the

 A percentage, usually 5% is also provided on the total

 Besides drawings and details of measurements and

1. A report explaining History, necessity, scope and main

2. Specifications lying down the nature and class of work and