Gen Chem 2 Q2 Module 3

SHS
STEM
www.shsph.blogspot.com
General Chemistry 2
Quarter 2- Week 1 (Module3)
Properties of Liquids and Intermolecular
Forces
1
General Chemistry 2 (SHS-STEM)
Quarter 2 – Week 1 (Module 3): Properties of Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Marina B. Borbe
Aleli R. Barrameda
Language Editor: Laarnie G. Balin
Reviewers/Editors: Ronaldo C. Reyes
Noel V. Ibis
2
I. INTRODUCTION
Why do liquids flow? Why do liquids have different boiling points? Why are
liquids able to change its phase?
During the discussion of the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) of Liquid, we

learned the behavior of liquid particles. Now, our next lesson will focus on the different
properties of liquid and how these properties are affected by the intermolecular forces of
attraction (IMFA).
Let us now open our imagination to the molecular behavior of the liquid particles.
Be ready to learn and acquire new knowledge.
II. TARGET
After studying this module, you are expected to describe the properties of liquids
and explain the effect of intermolecular forces on these properties: surface tension,
viscosity, vapor pressure, boiling point and molar heat of vaporization.
Specifically, you will be able to:

1. describe the properties of liquid; surface tension, viscosity, vapor
pressure, boiling point and molar heat of vaporization; and
2. explain the effects of intermolecular forces on these properties.
III. PRE-TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and understand the questions below. Choose the letter of
your answer.
1. Which of the following graphs explains the relationship of vapor pressure and
temperature?
A. C.
B. D. None of these
3
2. Which property of matter shows a liquid’s resistance to flow?
A. Ductility C. Boiling point
B. Viscosity D. Being brittle
3. Why is it that water has a higher surface tension than alcohol?
A. Water has stronger intermolecular forces of attraction than alcohol.
B. Water has lower intermolecular forces of attraction than alcohol.
C. Water is in liquid phase while alcohol is in gas phase.
D. All of the above.
4. Which of the following situations tells us that heat of vaporization is observed?
A. An insect floats on the surface of the water.
B. An athlete feels cool after sweating profusely.
C. Water turned to ice after being placed in the freezer.
D. A child hears a popping sound when a bottle of soft drink is open.
5. Which temperature has the lowest intermolecular forces of attraction?
A. 0⁰C B. 25⁰C C. 50⁰C D. 100⁰C
Well, how was it?

Please check your answer using the answer key found on
the last page. If your answers are correct, it will be easy
for you to go over this module. If you got a low score,
don’t feel bad. Take this module seriously so learning will
be easy.
Good luck and have an awesome journey ahead.
4
IV. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Why are the particles of the
substance very far from each
ELICIT other?
___________________________
What phase of matter does _______

this illustration represent?
___________________
How will you describe the

intermolecular forces of the particles?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________
Great! You haven’t forgotten about the lessons you had

on intermolecular forces of attraction. Keep that in mind
since you will still be using those concepts in the
succeeding activities.
ENGAGE
Directions. Identify the properties of liquid being described by the following pictures.
Write your answer on the box provided.
1.
5
2.
3.
4.
Good job. In the next activity we will be describing each

property of liquid.
EXPLORE
Direction. Analyze the pictures and graph of the properties of liquids and complete the
table by answering the questions under prediction. Provide explanation for each.
Picture Prediction Explanation

What will happen to the
paper clip when placed
in the water?
6
Which liquid will flow
slowest when poured?
Which bottle will

produce sound when
opened?
What will happen to the

ice when it reaches
100 ֯ C?
Which substance will

evaporate faster when
rubbed?
7
Great! You’re really working hard. You were able to figure out
each property of liquids.
Here is an in-depth explanation about the terms you
encountered in the previous activities.
EXPLAIN
Properties of Liquid and Intermolecular Forces
The properties of liquids that were observed are consequences of the

interactions of particles that make up the liquid.
1. Surface Tension
Surface tension refers to the force that causes the molecules on the
surface of a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer. The surface molecules
lock into a thin layer of elastic membrane because they are all attracted with each
other and are being pulled by the molecules at the center. Surface tension
explains why a drop of liquid is spherical in shape. It also explains why a water
strider can walk on the surface of the water. The strength of surface tension
depends on the intermolecular force of attraction. The stronger the intermolecular
force of attraction, the greater the surface tension. However, an increase in
temperature decreases surface tension.
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2. Viscosity
Viscosity is the resistance of fluids to flow. A substance that flows readily

has low viscosity. Viscosity is a measure of the substance’s intermolecular force
of attraction (IMFA). If the IMFA is strong, the liquid will have a high viscosity
because it will have a high resistance against flowing. The greater the IMFA, the
higher the viscosity, and the less readily the liquid flows. Temperature also
affects viscosity. The higher the temperature, the lower the liquid’s viscosity.
3. Vapor Pressure
8
The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure of the vapor resulting from
evaporation of a liquid above a sample of the liquid in a closed container. If a
liquid has weak intermolecular forces of attraction, the escaping tendency of the
molecules is high. This causes a high vapor pressure for a liquid. If the escaping
tendency of the molecules is low, evaporation is slow, and this produces a low
vapor pressure of the liquid. Liquids have different vapor pressures at different
temperatures. Different substances have different vapor pressures at different
temperatures.
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4. Boiling Point
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure
of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Liquids that have high vapor
pressure have low boiling points. The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid, the
lower its boiling point.
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5. Molar Heat of Vaporization
Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat needed to vaporize a given amount of

substance as its boiling point. Since heat is supplied, the process is endothermic
but temperature remains constant during the process. Substances with high heat
of vaporization have strong intermolecular forces of attraction (IMFA). The
stronger the IMFA, the higher the heat of vaporization.
After learning the explanation on the properties of liquids, let’s

try relating each property to intermolecular forces by
completing the table in the next activity.
9
ELABORATE
Directions: Relate the properties of liquids to intermolecular forces. Tell whether each
property exhibits strong or weak intermolecular forces by putting a check (√) on the
appropriate column.
Intermolecular
Properties of Liquids Forces
Strong Weak
High
Surface Tension
Low
High
Viscosity
Low
High
Vapor Pressure
Low
High
Boiling Point
Low
High
Molar Heat of Vaporization
Low
EVALUATE
Direction: Answer the questions below on your notebook.
At 50. ° C the vapor pressure of ethanol is 0.30 atm, acetic acid is 0.08 atm, water is
0.12 atm, and acetone is 0.84 atm.
A. Arrange these substances in increasing order of rates of evaporation.
B. Arrange these substances in increasing order of boiling point temperature.
C. Arrange these substances in increasing order of intermolecular forces.
Congratulations for a job well done!!! We hope you learned a

lot about the different properties of liquids so you can apply
these concepts in your everyday life.
10
POST TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and understand the following questions. Choose the letter of the
best answer.
1. What happens to the viscosity of syrup when the temperature increases?
A. Becomes higher C. May become higher or lower
B. Becomes lower D. Nothing will happen
2. Why does an insect float on water?

A. Because water has high surface tension.
B. Because water has low surface tension.
C. The density of the insect is high.
D. The density of the insect is low.
3. Which situation shows high vapor pressure?

A. Open container C. Particles slowly escaping from the container
B. Low intermolecular forces D. High intermolecular forces
4. Which of the graph below tells the relationship between boiling point and vapor
pressure?
A. B.
C. D. None of these
5. How does an intermolecular force affect the heat of vaporization?

A. The weaker the intermolecular forces of attraction, the higher the heat of
vaporization.
B. The stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction, the higher the heat of
vaporization.
C. When the intermolecular forces of attraction change, the heat of vaporization is
not affected.
D. There is no relationship.
11
Please check your answer using the answer key at the back.
I hope you got a perfect score this time. But if you still have
some errors, you may read the module again until you get the
concept right.
IV. VOCABULARY LIST

The important terms used in this module are defined as follows:
1. Boiling point - the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal
to the atmospheric pressure.
2. Intermolecular Force- the forces which mediate interaction between molecules,
including forces of attraction or repulsion which act between molecules and other
types of neighboring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.
3. Molar Heat of Vaporization- the amount of heat needed to vaporize a given
amount of substance as its boiling point.
4. Pressure- the application of force to something by something else in direct
contact with it.
5. Surface Tension- the force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid
to be pushed together and form a layer.
6. Temperature- the degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale.
7. Vapor Pressure- the pressure of the vapor resulting from evaporation of a liquid
above a sample of the liquid in a closed container.
8. Viscosity- the resistance of fluids to flow.
V. KEY CONCEPTS
Liquids exhibit characteristics because of its intermolecular forces of attraction. The
following are the properties of liquids.
1. Surface tension refers to the force that causes the molecules on the surface of
a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer.
2. Viscosity is the resistance of fluids to flow.
3. The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure of the vapor resulting from
evaporation of a liquid above a sample of the liquid in a closed container.
4. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of
the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
5. Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat needed to vaporize a given amount
of substance as its boiling point. Since heat is supplied, the process is
endothermic but temperature remains constant during the process.
12
VI. ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. D
ELICIT
1. What phase of matter does this illustration represent?

Ans. Liquid
2. Why are the particles of the substance far from each other?
Ans. The forces of attraction are not really strong but not too weak, that is why
the particles are slightly far from each other.
3. How will you describe the intermolecular forces of the particles?
Ans. The intermolecular forces of the particles are not too strong and not too
weak.
ENGAGE
1. SURFACE TENSION
2. VISCOSITY
3. BOILING POINT
4. VAPOR PRESSURE
EXPLORE

What will happen to Expected Answer:
the paper clip when Due to the surface
placed in the water? tension, there is an
attraction between the
The paper clip will particles that causes the
float at the top of the liquid to have surface
water. tension.
13
Which liquid will flow Expected Answer:
slower when poured? Because among the
liquids, syrup is thickest.
The thickness of the
Syrup syrup is brought by the
tightly packed particles.
Which bottle will Expected Answer:

produce sound when When the temperature
opened? increases in the sealed
bottle, the internal
pressure is higher
compared to the
pressure outside. When
Hot water
you open the bottle, the
particles will escape
quickly and will produce
sound waves.
What will happen to Expected Answer:
the ice when it Because it has reached
reaches 100 ֯ C? the temperature where
the vapor pressure is
equal to the pressure in
From solid phase, it the surroundings. The
turns to liquid phase. phase also changed to
vapor or gas.
Which substance will The acetone has lower

evaporate faster heat of vaporization
when rubbed? compared to water. The
heat from our hands is
enough to increase the
kinetic energy of the
Acetone
particles and provide
additional heat to
vaporize it.
14
ELABORATE
Intermolecular Forces
Properties of Liquids
Strong Weak
High
Surface Tension
Low
High
Viscosity
Low
High
Vapor Pressure
Low
High
Boiling Point
Low
High
Molar Heat of Vaporization
Low
EVALUATE
A. Acetic Acid, Water, Ethanol, Acetone

B. Acetone, Ethanol, Water, Acetic Acid
C. Acetone, Ethanol, Water, Acetic Acid
POST-TEST
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B
15
VII. REFERENCES
BOOKS
Ayson, Marissa F. et al., General Chemistry 2 Textbook. Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.,
2016.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School General Chemistry 2. Commission on Higher
Education, 2016.
LINKS
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18

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SHS

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Marina B. Borbe

Language Editor: Laarnie G. Balin

Reviewers/Editors: Ronaldo C. Reyes

During the discussion of the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) of Liquid, we

Specifically, you will be able to:

3. Why is it that water has a higher surface tension than alcohol?

A. Water has stronger intermolecular forces of attraction than alcohol.

B. Water has lower intermolecular forces of attraction than alcohol.

C. Water is in liquid phase while alcohol is in gas phase.

D. All of the above.

4. Which of the following situations tells us that heat of vaporization is observed?

A. An insect floats on the surface of the water.

B. An athlete feels cool after sweating profusely.

C. Water turned to ice after being placed in the freezer.

D. A child hears a popping sound when a bottle of soft drink is open.

5. Which temperature has the lowest intermolecular forces of attraction?

A. 0⁰C B. 25⁰C C. 50⁰C D. 100⁰C

Well, how was it?

What phase of matter does _______

How will you describe the

Great! You haven’t forgotten about the lessons you had

Good job. In the next activity we will be describing each

Picture Prediction Explanation

Which bottle will

What will happen to the

Which substance will

The properties of liquids that were observed are consequences of the

Viscosity is the resistance of fluids to flow. A substance that flows readily

5. Molar Heat of Vaporization

Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat needed to vaporize a given amount of

After learning the explanation on the properties of liquids, let’s

Congratulations for a job well done!!! We hope you learned a

2. Why does an insect float on water?

3. Which situation shows high vapor pressure?

5. How does an intermolecular force affect the heat of vaporization?

IV. VOCABULARY LIST

VI. ANSWER KEY

1. What phase of matter does this illustration represent?

Picture Prediction Explanation

Which bottle will Expected Answer:

Which substance will The acetone has lower

A. Acetic Acid, Water, Ethanol, Acetone

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