12

For
(a) State Lenz's lant fxamrneri
Use

,[1]

out of a which is connected to a

(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a magnet being pulled coil

Ealvanometer.

tt
S l\
direction of <_-
movement

galva.nometer- i' (.

Frg. lu. I

(i) Which pole is induced at end X of the coil?

t1l
(ii)onFig.l0.l,showthedirectionoftheinducedcurrentinthecoil.
vuith the s pole facing point x'
(iii) The magnet is pushed back into the coil
.Whateffect,ifany,doesthishaveonthedirectiono{theinducedcurrent?
 11 For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 9.1 shows a simple alternating current generator used to light a lamp.

coil of wire

slip

rotation
f carbon brush

Fig.9.1

(a) When the coil rotates slowly, the lamp lights but the brightness keeps changing.
r{'
(i) Explain how the generator produces current to light the lamp'

121

(ii) Explain why the brightness of the lamp changes.

t1l

(b) State two changes that can be made to make the lamp brighter.

1 .... ...... .. . ..

2............... --...-...-121
 :
For
11
Exaninels
Use

10 A permanent magnet is pushed into a coil, as shown in Fig. 10.1 ,

ffiTO
-r--T-
ffi -

LA--]
Vgalvanometer

Fig.10.1

(a) (i) State and explain what is observed when the magnet is pushed into the coil.

121

(ii) On Fig. 10.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the induced current. i1l

(b) Fig, 10.2 shows the structure of a bicycle dynamo.

soft-iron core

coil

Fi9.10.2

(i) What type of current is produced by the dynamo?

t1l

(i i) What is the purpose of the soft-iron core?

......... .i1 l

(iii) State three ways of increasing the outpui voltage.

1. ...........,...

2. ..............

3. .............. ...........'...'." t3l

(iv) Explain why no current is induced when the bicycle stops.

t2)
 For
10 Exaninels
Use

tube.
9 Fig. 9.1 shows two coils wound around a cardboard

coill coil2
cardboard tube

galvanometer

Fig.9.1

coil 2'
The switch, S, is closed and coil 1 is slid towards

(a) State and explain what is observed'

observation

.............t31

rod'
with the cardboard replaced by a soft iron
(b) The experiment in Fig. 9.1 is repeated

(i) State and explain what'is observed'

observation """""""""':

(i i)
 For
10
Exaninels
Use

I Fig. 8.1 shows a transformer.

Iaminated

(a)

i
i'
@

(iii)

(b) Whatconclusion can be.drawn from the observation in (aP

(c) (i)

(ii) Explain how these features reduce the energy loss'

! """',""." i""""""""""""""i"""
 IJ

11 Fi,l. 11.'1 shows a transiormer connecied io a 250V a.c. supply.

The ti'ansfornrer has 1000
turns in the primary coil. icr

Use

250 V
5.0 o

Fig. 11.1

A 5.0O resistor is connected to the secondai.y coil and a current of 0,50A

flows through the
resrstot'.

(a) Calcuiate

(f) the potential difierence across the resistor,

potentialdifference =
11l

(ii) ihe number of turns in the secondary coil.

number of turns = r41

l-L)

(b) Explain the principle of operation of the transformer.

 ror
r4
iL

tryiih 8,00 iirrns tn

the ct tn-iarY
r'n i i cil'fv!'S
.^\/
i r.: v' j-
r, I \A/
rt larnp conneci?ci to a ri-ailsi:rme;
L -
'J.!.

laminaled iron cora

secondarJ/ coil
pilmarv I

60v
24w

Fig' 5'1
is i 0Coi6 efficient, caicuiate
normal brightness' A'ssuniing the transtormer
(a) Tha lamp has
secondary coil'
(i) ihe numbei' of turns in the
t,

number of turns =
coil is 2'C A'
primary coil if the current in the secondarY
(ii) the current in the

or a
(b) ls this transformet'a step-up
:l

(c) Expiain
power at very higlr voltage'
(i) tire advantage of iransmitting

l3l

is lanrlnated'
in the transformer
(ii) why the soft tron core
 I For
Examiner's
Fig.7.1shows a piece of soft-iron used to protect an electronic component against a magnetic Use

field produced by a bar magnet.

soft-iron

bar magnet S N electronic

component

Fig.7.1

(a) (i) state the name of the method of protection used in Fig. 7.1.

l1l

(ii) On Fig.7 .1, draw the magnetic field lines from the north pole until they reach the
soft-iron. t21

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a straight wire that is carrying current into a horizontal plane.

horizontal plane

Fig.7.2

(i) on Fig. 7.2, draw the magnetic field pattern produced by the wire. 121
 For
I aminer's
Use

(ii) The wire carrying the current is placed between the two poles of a magnet as shown
in Fig, 7.3.

Key

N
a S
I current into page

Fig.7.3 :

On Fig. 7.3, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force acting on the wire. t1I
 E^.
11 Examineis

-g Fig. 9.1 shows paraltel wires carrying current in opposite directions.

Fig.9.i

Fig. g.2 shows the wires viewed from above. Circle A shows the wire carrying current
out of
the page and circle B shows the wire carrying current into the page.

Fig.9.2

(a) On Fig. g-2 draw the magneiic field pattern around and between the wires. t3l

(b) on Fig. 9.2 draw arrows to show the forces acting on the wires. i1l
 For
10 Exaninels
Use

g Fig. 8:1 shows the direction ol current l passing through conductors PQ and XY'

I
Pa

x>Y
Fig.8.1

X-
Fig. g.2 shows the conductors when viewed from ends P and

@ @
P x
("-)

Fig.8'2

t3l
(a)OnFig.E.2,drawthemagneticfieldduetoeachconductor'
other'
(b) Fig. 8.3 shows the conductors placed closer to each

@@
PX
lt
t

Fig.8.3

on each conductor'
on Fig. 8.3, draw arrows to show the direction of the forces'exerted
l1l

(c)Whatetfectwouldincreasingthecurrentthroughtheconductorshaveontheforcesin
(b)?
t1I
 IU I Far
lExaminars
Fig. 6.1 shows a sirnpls d.c. motor. i!*
I

direction of
rotation I

magnet /

.{.

(a) Label parts X, Y and Z.

(b) Explain how a simple d.c, electric rnotor works.

 I For
Examiner's
Fig. 7.1 shows a simple model of a generator connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o). Use

strong bar magnet

Fig.7.1

i,{ fhe magnet is pushed down and then released. The magnet oscillates into, and out of, the coil
' causing a current in the coil.

(a) Explain why there is a current in the coil.

t1l

(b) On Fig. 7.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the current in the coil when the
magnet moves into the coil. lll
(c) State the type of current produced by the coil.

t1l

(d) Suggest two ways of increasing the current in the coil.

1 ....... .. .. . ..

t 2 ........ ................. tzl

(e) A diode is placed in series with the coil and the resistorat point X on Fig. 7.1. On the
axes shown in Fig. 7.2, sketch a graph of current against time to show how two complete
cycles would be shown by the c.r.o.

current

time

Fig.7.2
121
 Il5r'arnrner.s
For

I ti"o
1""'
Fig. 7.i shows a systen-r in','vhich one circuil A, .ontrolu anoiher circuil B I

iron armature

soft iron
core

Fig.7.1

(a) when switch s is closed the lamp L lights. Describe how the systenr works to light
lr lamp L.

"."'!-'j

is connected be&veen x and Y.

{b} $witch s is opened and a capaciior

{ii Gri Fig. ?,1, drav,'a capacitt:r between pcints X and Y'

happens to the capacitor'+.,hen suritch s is closed.

{Ei} $taie what

q-
t3I
 1A

by a per-manerrt magne-r
2 Fig.'12..1 shows a normaliy closed reed switch opei'aied
The svurich is used to turn a buzzer on and of{'

(b)

Fig' 12'1

Explain whY

{a} the i"eed switch opens r'vhen tlre docr clcses' ;l

,,t'^'t,

(b) the buzzer rings vuhen the door is opened'

tal
...""1".1
 10
For
Examiner's
Fig. 8.1 is the circuit diagram for a simple temperature-operated alarm. Use

Fig.8.1

(a) Explain how the alarm works when temperature increases.

C

t5l

(b) When the bell sounds, the current in the coil is 0.10A and the voltage across the coil
is 2.0V.

Calculate

(i) 6
the resistance of the coil,

(ii) the voltage across the thermistor.

voltage = t1l
 12 For
Examiner's
Use
10 Fig. 10.1 shows a reed relay used to switch on an electric motor, M.

,-"-i
Fig. 10.1

(a) Explain what happens when switch S is closed.

t4l

(b) (i) Name a suitab-le materialfor making the reeds'

(ii) Explain your answer to (b)(i).

E
E
 11
For
Examiner's
Table 9.1 shows part of the colour code of resistors. Use

Table 9.1

number colour tolerance

0 black gold t 5%
1 brown silver t 10%

2 red no band t20%

3 orange

4 yellow

5 green

Fig. 9.1 shows a 20 kA resistor.

band 2

Fig. 9.1

(a) What are the colours for the three bands of the resistor?

band 1

band 2.......

band 3....... l2l

(b) Determine the maximum possible resistance and the minimum possible resistance of this
resistor.

maximum resistance =

minimum resistance = 121

 I For
Examiner's
Use
alternating current
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a transformer used to charge a car battery from ?!OV
a
100 turns in the secondary coil'
supply. The transformer has 1000 turns in the primary coit and

t l
I
240V-
1r
1 to car battery

I-r
E

t'
I
E
\_

Fig.7.1

(a) (i) Name the type of transformer shown in Fig' 7'1'

t1l

(ii) Name the component labelled A'

t11

(iii) What is the function of the component labelled A?

charging'
(b) The average current in the battery is 2.0A for 3.0 hours during

(i) calculate the total charge delivered to the battery in this time'

charge ...""""' t3l

coil is 2'0A'
(ii) when the current in the primary coil is 0.20A, the current in the secondary

Calculate the output voltage from the transformer'

Assume that the transformer is 100% efficient"

voltage = 121
 For
14 Examinei's

r Fig, 10.1 shottrs the lighting circuit of a house'

bedroom KIICn

Fig' 10.i

(a) On Fig. 10.1, indicate with ihe letter:

12l
(i) X, the position of the fuse for the whole circuit'
tc'l
[41
(ii) Y, a switch to operate the kitchen lamp'

piastic'
(b) The switch in the kitchen is covered with

Expiain whY this is so.

earpiece'
1 Fig. 11.1 shows the structure of a telephone

diaphragm
moves in and out

permanent soft
ma.gnet iron

Ii varYing
current
I in coil

Fig' 11'1

(a) What material is the diaphragm made of?

t1l
 15 I
i
For
Es:amineis
) t,,"
tul Explain how the telephone earpiece produces sound.
1""
l

12 (a) What are the main components of a cathode ray oscilloscope?

1...............

2 ...,...........

3..,,........... Iol
Iul

-i (b) placed
Fig. 12,1 shows a radioaciive source P, emitting alpha, beta and gamma radiations. lt is
in athickwaiied iead container,The radiations given offpass through a magnetic
field. The direction of the magnetic field is into the paper.

+++++++
+ + + + + + +magnetic
+ + + + + + afield

lead
container
Qn I rrna

Fi1.12.1

(i) On Fig. 12,1, show the path of the 3 types of emissions as they pass through the
magnetic field. ro'
L.r I

(ii) Why is the source kept in a thick-walled lead container?

 '12
For
Examiner's
(c) Fig. 9.2 shows a 20O resistor connected in series with a variable resistor. Use

12Y
F--1 I

0 to 10O

Fig. 9.2

The resistance of the variable resistor can be varied from 0 to 10 A.

The variable resistor is adjusted untilthe voltmeter gives the smallest reading across the
20Q resistor. tr'
(i) Calculate the current in the circuit.

current = 121

(ii) Determine the voltmeter reading.

e
readinE = t1l
 For
13 Examiner's
Use
10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit which is used to switch on a lamp when it becomes dark.

-r
power I
light dependent resistor (LDR)
supply
"t_1

Fig.10.1

{a) State the name of component A.

11I

(b) Explain how the circuit switches on the lamp when it becomes dark.

14l
 9 For
xaminer's
(a) Fig 8.1 shows a circuit diagram for an electrical appliance with a three way switch to a Use

motor.
live mains
Wlfe -,,^^r.

Fig.8.1

(i) Which position gives the fastest speed of the motor? Explain your answer.

position..... ..........
{
explanation

.............:.... .....121

(ii) On Fig. 8.1 mark with a cross (X) the conect position of another switch that will
turn the motor ON/OFF. t1l

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a transformer.

laminated
soft-iron core

primary secondary
coil

30 000 v

Fig. 8.2

(i) Briefly explain how a transformer works.

,w

o BEC 2012 0571t03totNl12 [Turn over

 10 For
Examiner's
Use
(ii) What is the purpose of laminating the soft iron core?

l2l
(iii) Explain why power is transmitted at high voltages.

.t21

I Fig" 9.1 shows a light sensitive switch.

\1
i
A

Fig.9.1

(a) Name the components labelled A and B.

8.........,..... .............t21

(b) Explain how the lamp switches on when it becornes dark.

 11

Fig. 9.1 shows the structure of a cathode-ray tube. A beam of electrons is produced from the
cathode.

beam of
electrons

Fig.9.1

(a) Describe how electrons are

(i) produced,

(ii) detected.

(b) (i) Name the pair of deflecting plates labelled P.

(ii) Describe how the plates labelled P deflect the beam of electrons

.rt.a.r...t!rr.r.r

(c) State the function of the anode.

(d) Explain why there is no air inside the cathode-ray tube.

 o,
t' :

11 For
Examinet's

S This question is about therrnionic emission.

Use

(a) (i) How are cathode rays produced in a cathode ray tube?

.,i.,r.,..r..r!.r.i .....1...,........

(il) What are cathode rayq?

(iii) What eharge do caihode rays carry?

t3l
r'-- ' ,
I.\!rl' u, '(b) Fig. 9.1 shows a cathode ray entering,an 6lectric fleld between two charged plates, P
\*- j
and Q.

+++++++++++++

Fig. s.I

(i) Draw the electrio field between the plates

'a
(ii) Corrrplete the path of the rag[hrough the plates.
l5I
 11

1O Fig. 10.1 shows a tube used to produce cathode rays.

+V

fluorescent
screen

,-V
Fig. 10.1

(a) Name the part where thermionic emission occurs.

(-r
(b) Which particles are emitted during thermionic emission?

(c) Explain why the vacuum is necessary?

........t11

(d) A large potential difference (voltage) is applied across the plates as shown in
Fig. 10.1. The top plate is more positive than the bottom plate.
On Fig. 10.1, draw the path of the cathode rays. t1l

@BEC2012 0571lA3lOlNl12 [Turn over

 13 For
Examiner's
Use
11 Fig. 11.1 shows the structure of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.

dot on screen
cathode

Fig. 1'1.1

(a) Explain why the cathode emits electrons.

t1I

6 (b) Explain why the electrons accelerate towards the anode.

l2l
(c) When a potentiat difference of 80 V is supplied across the Y plates, the dot on the
screen is deflected by 12 mm.

Calculate the deflection that is produced on the dot when the potential difference
across the Y plates is increased to 240 V.

t deflection = ............... ....... .. t2I

*
,d) Explain why the space inside the oscilloscope must be a vacuum.

t1I