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VK Jaiswal Problems in Inorganic Chemistry For Jee
VK Jaiswal Problems in Inorganic Chemistry For Jee
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V. K. Jaiswal
· Problems in
_��=I norg a r:1-i-c-_
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. Chemistry fo )EE
Main & Advanced
:
■ lPeriodic Properties r'"f:so
11 lChemical Bonding (Basic) rsf-1031
111 Chemical Bonding (Advanced) · f104-17Si
•- ·■
'
,::_.,., ..
..
PERIODIC PROPERtlES
1
Periodic Table
1. Which is not similar characteristic(s) about ,the electronic c,onfiguration of Be, Mg, Ca?
(a) All the atoms have a pair of s-electrons in their outermost energy level
(b) All the atoms contain a pair of p-electro.ns in their outermost energy level
(c) All are alkaline earth metals
(d) All are of second group of the periodic table
2. The elements with atomic number 117 and 120 are yet to be discovered. In which group
would you place these elements when discovered ?
(a) 17 , 2 (b) 16 , 4 (c) 1'5 , .3 (d) 18 , 2
3. The most electropositive element possesses the electro, nic configuration :
(a) [He] 2s 1 (b) [Ne] .3s 2 (c) [)(;e] 6s1 (d) [Xe] 6s 2
4. Which one of the following elements shows both positive and negative oxidation states?
(a) Cesium (b) Fluorine (c) fodine (d) Xenon
5. The number of elements present in fifth period is :
(a) 18 (b) .32 (c) 8 · (d) 24 1:·
6. Which of the following arrangements shows the conec,t order of decreasing paramagnetism?
(a) N>Al>0> Ca (b) N >0 >Al>Ca
(c) 0> N>Al> Ca (d) ,0 >.N >Ca>Al
7. The outer electronic strucrure of lawrencium (atomic number 10.3) is :
(a) Rn Sf 137s 27p 2 (b) Rn 5f 13 6d 1 7s 17p 2
(c) Rn Sf 147s 1 7p 2 (d) Rn Sf 14 6d 1 7s 2
8. The elements with the lowest atomic number that has a ground state electronic configuration
of (n -1) d 6 ns 2 is located in the :
(a) fifth period (b) sixth period . . (c) fourth period (d) third period
2 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(a) It belongs to 6th period and 1st group (b) It belongs to 6th period and 2nd group
(c) It belongs to 6th period and 3rd group (d) None of these ' c
31. Which of the following metal is highest electropositive (metallic) in nature?
(a) Be (b) Rb . (c) Mn (d) Tl
32. Which of the foilowing s�cies must ha�e maximum number of electrons in' d,y ; o�bital ?
0
(a) Cr (b) Fe
3+
, (c) cu + : (d) Both (a) and (b)
33. Which of the following graph is correct representation between atomic number (Z) and
m�e:l of d-bloc;:lrrv�u? �urer ·�,rcoc
momen � ratlon : �·:lr d•� l M.'l
r/ :
(a) J�
:ee
(b)
J e�
:e .
(c) I� ,
:es
1
�
1
,.
(d) ; �
,se .
/\
z- ., z- z- z-
34. If IUPAC name of an element is "unununium" then correct statement regarding element is :
(a) It is a inner transition element (b) It belongs to 8th period in periodic table
(c) It is transition element (d) It is a non-transition element
35. Which property decreases from left to right across the periodic table and increases from top to
bottom?
(i) Atomic radius (ii) Electronega�vity (iii) Ionisation energy (iv) Metallic character
(a) (i) only (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
- - -- - - ~
Atomic/Ionic Radius
38. Which of the following anion has the smallest radius?
(a) H- (b) p- (c) c1- (d) Br-
39. The ionic radii of u•, Be 2+ and B 3+ follow the order:
(a) Be 2+ > B 3+ > Li + (b) Li + > B� >Be 2+
(c) B l+- >Be 2+ >Li + (d) u•·>Be 2+ >B�
40. Largest in size out of Na + , Ne and p- is :
(a) Na + (b) Ne , ) , (c) p- (d) all are equal
41. Which of the following atom or ions has the smallest size?
(a) F (b) p- (c) 0 (d) N
42. The single covalent radius of P is 0.11 nm. The single covalent radius of Cl will be :
(a) smaller than P (b) greater than P (c) same as P (d) twice of P
43. Which of the following is arranged in decreasing order of size?
(a) Mg 2+ > Al 3+ > 0 2- (b) 0 2- > Mg 2+ > AJ 3+
Cc) AJ 3+ > Mg 2+ > 0 2- . 11 Cd) AI 3+ > 0 2- > Mg 2+
44. The correct order of increasing atomic radius of the following elements is :
(a) S < 0 < Se < C (b) 0 < C < S < Se
(c) 0 < S < Se < C (d) C < 0 < S < Se
45. The correct order of increasing radius of the elements Si, AJ, Na and P is :
(a) Si < Al< P < Na (b) P < Si < Al < Na
(c) Al < Si < P < Na (d) Al < P < Si < Na
4
46. The size of the species, Pb, Pb 2+ , Pb + decreases as :
(a) Pb 4+ > Pb 2+ >Pb (b) Pb>Pb 2+ >Pb ++
2+
(c) Pb>Pb 4+ >Pb (d) Pb 4+ >Pb>Pb 2+
47. Incorrect order of radius is :
(a) Sr 2+ < Rb + <Br-< se 2- (b) Nb s+ < zr 4+ .< v�
(c) Co>Co 2+ >Co 3+ >Co 4+ (d) Ba 2+ < cs + < Se 2- < As 3-
48. The correct order of atomic/ionic radii is :
(a) Sc > Ti > V > Cr Cb) Co >Ni> Cu> Zn
--
(c) 52- > ci- > 0 2 > N 3- Cd) None of these
49. The radius of which ion Is closest to that of u + ion?
(a) Na + (b) Be 2+ (c) Mg 2+ (d) AJ l+
;t-i,1h•1lt•i,14,t�IJ•l'i
50. The first, second and third Ionisation energies (E 1 ,E 2 and E 3) for an element are 7 eV, 12.5
eV nnd 42.5 eV respectively. The most stable oxidation state of the element wm be:
(a) + 1 (b) +4 , (c) +3 (d) +2
51. Element having highest I.P. value is:
(a) Ne (b) He (c) Be , (d) N
52. 'The order of ionisation potential between He + ion and H-atom (both species are in
gaseous state) is: ,1
(a) LP. 0-ie +) = 1.P. (H) (b) I.P. (He ) < J.P. (H)
+
(b) ls 2s 2p 3s ·
2 2 6 1
(a) ls 22s 22p 2
(c) 1s 2s 22p 3s
2 6 2 (d) ls 22s 22p 1
63. The second ionization energy is maximum for :
(a) boron (b) beryllium
(c) magnesium . (d) aluminium
64. A large difference between the fourth and fifth ionization energies indicates the presence of :
(a) 5 valence electrons in an atom (b) 6 valence electrons in an atom
( c) 4 valence electrons in an atom 1
•• (d) 8 valence electrons in an atom•
65. For which of the following reaction MI value is equal to the first ionization energy ofCa is ?
0
1§fitU:-1,f•11ffl
76. The amount of energy released on the addition of an electron in outermost shell of an atom is
called :
(a) Ionization enthalpy (b) Hydration enthalpy
(c) Electronegativity (d) Electron gain enthalpy
77. To which of the following atom, the attachment of electron is most difficult?
(a) Radon (b) Nitrogen
(c) Oxygen (d) Radium
78. Which of the following processes involves absorption of energy?
(a) S(g) + e- � s-(g) . (b) s- + e- ---+ s 2-(g) ·
(d) No�e' of these
79. Arrange N, 0 and S in order of decreasing electron affinity :
(a) S > O > N • (b) O > S > N
(c) N > 0 > S (d) S > N > 0
80. Among the following configurations, the element which has the highest electron affinity is :
(a) [Ne] 3s 1 3p 2 i (b) [Ne] 3s 2 3p 5
(c) [Ne] 3s 3p 4
2
(d) [Ne] 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 1
81. The increasing order of electron affinity of the electronic configurations of element is :
(I) ls 22s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 (II) Js 2 2s 2 2p 3
(ITO 1s 2 2s 2 2p s (IV) 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 1
(a) Il<IV<III<I (b) l<Il<Ill<IV ,
(c) I<III<II<IV (d) IV<IIl<ll<I
82. Second electron gain enthalpy :
(a) is always negative (b) is always positive
(c) can be positive or negative ,, (d) is always.zero
83. The element having very high ionization enthalpy but zero electron affinity is :·
OOH MF W� 00&
84. Which of the following represents correct order of electron affinity?
(a) Cl>F>S>O (b) F>O>S>Cl
(c) F >Cl> S>0 (d) Cl>S>0> F
85. The process requiring absorption of energy is :
{a) N--+ N- (b) F---+ p-
(c) Cl--+ c1- (d) H� H-
•4tmlM,i4•t•iffl
86. The electronegativity of the following elements increases in the order :
(a) C < N < Si < P (b) Si < P < C < N
(c) N < C < P < Si (d) C < Si < N < p
��---�------,...,-----����---
-� di:
87. Which of the following order is incorrect ?
(a) Electronegativity of central atom : CF4 > CH 4 > SiH 4
(b) Hydration en·ergy : Al J+ > Be 2+ > Mg 2+ > Na+
(c) Electrical conductance : Fc�q.) > Clcaq.} > s[;q.)
(d) Magnetic moment: Ni 4+ > V J+ > Sr 2+
88. Correct expression of "Allred and Rochow's" scale is : ·
(a) Electronegativity = 0.744 Zeff. + 0359
r2
' 2 ! '
(b) Electronegativity = 0.359 _r_ + 0.744
Zerr. ,· .
(c) Electronegativity =0.359 Zeff. � 0.744
r
(d) Electronegativity =0 ..35;zerr.' +�.74�
r2
llrf:®it·j,14,iM·i'i ... If ..
Here W. Y and Z ace left, up and right elements with respect to the element 'X' and 'X' belongs
to 16th group and 3rd period. Then according to given information the incorrect statement
regarding given elements is :
(a) Maximum electronegativity: Y (b) Maximum catenation propeny: X
i .!) Maximum electron affinity : Z (d) Y exhibits variable covalency
3. Which of the following sequence represents atomic number of only representative elements?
(a) 55, 12, 48, 53 (b) 13, 33 , 54, 83 (c) 3, 33, 53, 87 (d) 22, 33, 55, 66
4. The ground state electronic configurations of the elements, U, V, W, X, and Y ( these symbols
do not have any che.mical significance) are as follows
U 1s 2 2s 22p 3
V 1s 2 2s 22p 6 3s 1
W ls 2s 2p 3s 3p
2 2 6 2 2
X 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 2
Y 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6
Determine which sequence of elements satisfy the following statements
(i) Element forms a carbonate which is not decomposed by heating
(ii) Element is most likely to fonn coloured ionic compounds
(iii) Element has largest atomic radius
(iv) Element forms only acidic oxide
(a) V WYU (b) V XYW
(c) VWY X (d) V X WU
s. When magnesium bums in air, compounds of magnesium formed are magnesium oxide and :
(a) Mg3N 2 {b) MgC03 ·
(c) Mg(N0 3 } i (d) MgS0 4
6. Which of the following ions is most unlikely to exist?
(a) u- {b) Be-
� ) s- �) p-
7. � B and C arjyd;�xy�on:i:und�ff �e �lements X, Y and z respectively. x, y and z are in
e same P:" o e pen 1c ta e. gives an aqueous solution of pH less than seven. 8
I
i;J;MiliD·iii·i,id 11
reacts with both strong acids and stron__~ alkalis. C ~\\'t"S an aquN,us S\'lmi,,n whkh is stH\l\~I.,
alkaline.
Which of the follo"ing statements is/are tnie ?
I : The three elements are metals.
Il : The elecrronegatMties decrease from X to Y to Z.
I1l : The atomic radius decreases in the ord~r X. Y and Z,
IV : X, Y and Z could be phosphorns. aluminium and $0<\i\\m reS.\'t'(tiwl~~
(a) I. II, Ill only correct (b} I. lll only '-''rrt'l't
(c) II, IV only correct ld) 11. Ill, IV onl\' C{'m'\.'I
8. La (lanthanum) having atomic number 57 is a mt>mt-er l'f :
(a) s-block elements (b) p--bkl(·_k demt'ut~
(c) d-block elements (d) fblock denk'l\lS
9. If the aufbau principle had not been followed, Ca (Z :;:: 20) would h~Wt' °N.•t•n pbl'\',I in I ht· :
(a) s-block (b p--blod.
(c) d-block (d) f-block
10. What is the atomic number of the element with the m:t."l:imum num~·r 0f unp,,il'\,l 4
electrons?
(a) 33 (b) _6
(c) 23 (d) 15
11. The electronic configuration of four elements are :
(I) [Kr]Ss 1 (U) [RnJSJu 6d 1 7s~
(Ill) [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 4p 5 (IV) [Ar]3dc:- 4s~
Consider the follm-.ing statements :
(i) I shows variable oxidation state
(ii) II is a d-block element
(iii) The compound formed between I and Ul is '-'0\7\lent
(iv) IV shows single oxidation state.
Which statement is True (T) or False (F)?
(a) FfFF (b) ITIT
(c) FFfF (d) FFFF
12. If period number and group number of any repres~m:ati,~ d~rnent s) a~ ~.amc' thl'll whkh ('t
the following statement is incorrect regarding such ty~ clement(s) in thdr ~rounJ ~ta~:'
(Period number and group number are ac-cording to modem funn of pc.rit.'\i.ik raN~
(a) The possible value oJ principal quantum number is ~
(b) The possible value of azimuthal quantum number is r~
(c) The possible value of ma__c;rnetic quanrum numb,er L$ 1
(d) The species could be paramagnetic
13. How does the energy gap bem"eell successive energy levels in an arom ,~- fu.... m low to hi_~h r:
values?
(a) All ene.rgy gaps are the same
(b) The energy gap decreases as n increases
(c) The energy gap increases as n increa..~
(d) The energy gap changes unpredict3.bly as n in~3.~
14. Which of the following properties of the alkaline earth metals increase from Be to Ba?
(i) Atomic radius (ii) Ionisation energy (iii) Nuclear charge
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
15. Which of the following is the incorrect match for atom of element ?
(a) [Ar]3d 5 4s 1 ➔ 4 th period, 6 th group
(b) [Kr]4d 10 ➔ 5 th period, 12 th group
(c) [Rn)6d 2 7s 2 ➔ 7 th period, 3 th group
(d) [Xe]4f 14 5d 2 6s 2 ➔ 6 th period, 4 th group
Atomic/Ionic Radius
16. The set representing the correct order of ionic radius is:
(a) Na+> Mg 2 + > A13+ >Li+> Be 2+ (b) Na+> Li+> Mg2+ > AIJ+ > Be 2+
(c) Na+ >Mg 2+ >Li+ >A13+ >Be 2+ (d) Na+ >Mg2+ >Li+ >Be 2+
17. In which of the following pair, both the species are isoelectronic but the first one is large in size
than the second?
(a) 5 2- ,0 2- (b) c1 - , 5 2- (c) p - ,Na+ (d) N3- ,PJ-
18. The correct order of ionic size of NJ- ,Na+ ,F - ,Mg 2+ and 0 2- is:
(a) Mg2+ >Na+> p- > 0 2- <NJ- (b) N3- < p- > 0 2- >Na+> Mg2+
(c) Mg 2 + <Na+ <F- <02,- <NJ- (d) N3- >0 2- >F- >Na+ <Mg 2+
19. The order of increasing ionic radius of the following is :
(a) K+ <Li+ <Mg2+- <All+ (b) K+ <Mg2+- <Li+ <AIJ+
(c) u+ <K+ <Mg2+- <Al3+ (d) AIJ+ <Mg2+- < u+ <K+
20. If the ionic radii of K + and p- are nearly the same (i.e., 1.34 A), then the atomic radii of Kand
F respectively are :
Ca) 1.34 A, 1.34 A Cb) o.72 A, 1.96 A (c) 1.96 A, o.72 A Cd) 1.96 A, 1.34;.
21. Incorrect order of ionic size is :
(a) LaJ+ > GdJ+ > Eulf- > Lulf- (b) y2+ >VJ+> y+t- > ys+
(c) Tl+> In+> 5n2+ > 5b3+ (d) K+ >5c3+ >Vs+ >Mn 7+
Ionisation Energy
Mi =+720k.Jmol- 1
Calculate the amount of energy required to convert 110 mg of 'JC atom in gaseous state into
x+ion. (Atomic wt. for X = 7 g/mol)
(a) 10.4 kJ (b) 12.3 kJ (c) 11.3 kJ (d) 14.5 kJ
23. Consider the following changes :
M(s) -------. M(g) ... (1)
M(s) -------. M 2+(g) + 2e- ... (2)
M(g) -------. M+(g) + e- ... (3)
13
M+(g) -+ M 2+ (g) + e- ... (4)
The second ionization energy of M could be calculated from the energy values nssoci111cd
with:
(a) 1 + 3 + 4 (b) 2 -1 + 3 (c) 1 + 5 (d) 5 -3
24. The correct order of second I.E. of C, N, O and F are in the order :
(a) F > 0 > N > C (b) C > N > 0 > F
(c) 0 > N > F > C (d) 0 > F > N > C
25. Which is the correct order of ionization energies?
.(a) F- > F > c1- > Cl (b) F >Cl> Cl- > p-
(d) F- >Cl- >F>Cl
. '
26. Which of the following statements is incorrect? ,
(a) The second ionization energy of sulphur is greater than that of chlorine
(b) The third ionization energy of phosphorus is greater than that of aluminium
(c) The first ionization energy of aluminium is approximately the same as that of gallium
(d) The second ionization energy of boron is greater than that of carbon ·
27. First ionization energy is the lowest with : I '
(a) Lead (b) Carbon , (c) Silicon (d) Tin
28. The incorrect statement among the following is :
(a) The first ionization potential of Al is less than the first ionization potential of Mg
(b) The second ionization potential of Mg is greater than the second ionization potential of Na
(c) The first ionization potential of Na is less than the first ionization potential of Mg
(d) The third ionization potential of Mg is greater than the third ionization potential of Al
29. The correct values of ionization enthalpies (in kJ mol- 1 ) of Si, P, Cl and S ~espectively are :
(a) 786, 1012, 999, 1256 (b) , 1012, 786, 999, 1256 ,
(c) 786, 1012, 1256, 999 ·, (d) 786, 999, 1012, 1256 .
30. The third ionization energy is maximum for :
(a) Nitrogen (b) Phosph~rus {c) Aluminium (d) Boron
31. Consider the following ionisation reactions :
I.E. (kJ mol- 1 ) I.E. (kJ moi- 1)
B(g)----+ B~) + e- ,
c(g)----+ c~) + e-'
2+
C <K> 2+ 3+
C (g)----+
+
+ -
e , .C 2 C (g)----+ C <Kl+ e- , C3
If monovalent positive ion of A, divalent positive ion of B and trivalent positive ion of C
have zero electron. Then incorrect order of corresponding I.E. is :
(a)C3>8 2 >A 1 (b) B 1 >A 1 >C 1
(c)C3>C2>B2 (d)B ,2 >C3>A1
32. The incorrect statement is : ,
{a) The second ionisation energy of Se is greater than that of second ionisation energy of As
(b) The first ionisation energy of C 2+ ion is greater than that of first ionisation energy of N 2+
ion
14 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY -
(c) The third ionisation energy of. F is greater than that of third ionisation energy of 0
(d) Helogens have highest I.E. in respective period
33. First three ionisation energies (in kJ/mol) of three representative elements are given below :
Element IE 1 . IE 2 IE 3
P 495.8 4562 6910
Q 737.7 -1451 7733
R 577.5 • · 1817 2745
·,
Then incorrect option is :
(a) Q: Alkaline earth metal (b) P: Alkali metals
(c) R: s-block element . (d) They belong to same period
Electronaffinit
' I
· Hydration Energy
51. Which among the following factors is the most important in making fluorine, the strongest
oxidising halogen ?
(a) Bond dissociation energy (b) Ionisation enthalpy
(c) Hydration enthalpy (d) Electron affinity
PERIODIC PROPERTIES
.,
PASSAGE
The energy required to pull the most loosely bound electron form an atom is known as
ionizntion potentlnl. It is expressed in electron volts. The value of ionization potential .
depends on three factors: (I) the charge on the nucleus (ii) the atomic radius and (iii~ the 1
screening effect of inner electron shells. · · ·
PASSAGE . 2
I
All the elements, on the basis of long form of periodic table, can be divided into four ·
blocks, s, p, d and /. The ionization energies, electron affinities, electronegativities, atomic
and ionic radii and other physical properties usually shown a regular pattern of change ·
within a group or along period with some irregularities_._
P.ASSIBE . 3
The second ionisation energies are higher than the first ionisation energies. This is mainly
due to the fact that after the removal of the first electron, the atom changes into monovalent
positive ion. In the ion, the number of electrons decreases but the nuclear charge remains the
same. As a result of thls, the remaining electrons nre held more tightly by the nucleus and it
becomes difficult to remove the second electron. Therefore , the value of second ionisation
energy. OE 2), is greater than that of the first ionisation energy (IE 1 ). Similarly third
ionisation energy (18 3 ) ls greater thon that of second IE 2 •
1. Successive ionisation energy of an atom is greater than previous one, because:
(a) l!.. ratio increases (b) l!.. ratio decreases
e e
(c) l!.. ratio remains constant (d) none of th.ese
e
2. Correct order of ionisation potential of coinage metals is:
(a) Au > Ag > Cu (b) Cu > Ag > Au
(c) Au > Cu > Ag (d) Ag > Cu > Au
3. IE 1 and IE 2 of Mg metal are 178 and 348 kcal/mo} respectively. The energy required for the
given reaction is:
Mg(g)----i-Mg+ 2 (g) + 2e-
(a) + 170 kcal/mol (b) +526 kcal/mo]
(c) -170 kcal/mol (d) -526 kcaVmol
,,-
4 '
Nuclear charge actually, experienced by an electron is termed as effective nuclear charge. The
effective nuclear charge Z* actually depends on type of shell and orbital in which electron is actually
present. The relative extent to which the various orbitals penetrate the electron clouds of other
orbitals is. ·
s > p > d > f (for the same value of n)
The phenomenon in which penultimate shell electrons act as screen or shield in between
nucleus and valence shell electrons and thereby reducing nuclear charge is known as
shielding effect. The penultimate shell electrons repel the valence shell electron to keep them
loosely held with nucleus. It is thus evident that more is the shielding effect, lesser is the
effective nuclear charge and lesser is the ionization energy.
' .
t. Which of the following valence electron experience maximum effective nuclear charge?
(a) 4s 1 (b) 4p 1
(c) 3d 1 ' (d) 2p 3
2. Which of the following is not concerned to effective nuclear charge?
(a) Higher ionization potential of carbon than boron
(b) Higher ionization potential of magnesium than aluminium
(c) Higher values of successive ionization energy
(d) Higher electronegativity of higher oxidation state
3. Ionization energy is not influenced by :
(a) Size of atom (b) Effective nuclear charge
(c) Electrons present in inner shell (d) Change in entropy
PISSIIE 5
l<'llitntion ~l\('fSies of five dcmcnt$ in kcnVmol nre given ~tow : ·'
Atom l 11 111
P 300 549 920
Q 99 734 1100
R 118 1091 1652
S 176 347 1~
1· 497 947 1500
PISIIIE 6
The I.E. , nnd the l.E. 2 in kJ mol- 1 of a few elements designated by P, Q. ~ Sare shown
1
below:
Atom l.E,1 I.E,2
p 2372 5251
Q 520 7300
R 900 1760
s 1680 3380
Bnst"d on the nbove inf-ommtion, nnswer the f-ollowing questions :
.,..,,
- -=--
-
(a) p
(b) Q
4. Which of the above elements forms a stable binary halide of the form(;)la
(b) Q (c ) R
;a 2?
7
Elements with their electronic configurations are given below :
· Answer the following questions :
2 2 5
I: ls 2 2s 2 II: ls 2 2s 2 2p 6 III :_ls 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 N: ls 2 2s 2 2p 3 V: 1s 2s 2p
8
, J.C. Slater proposed an empirical constant that represents the cumulative extent to which the
other electrons of an atom shield (or screen) any particular electron from the nuclear charge.
Thus, Slater's screening constant er is used as: Z* =Z -cr ·
Here, z is the atomic number of the atom, and hence is equal to the actual number of protons
· in the atom. The parameter Z * is the effective nuclear charge, .which according to is smaller
than z, since the electron in question is screened (shielded) from Z by an amount a. we found
that in cases for which screening is small, the effective nuclear charge z * is large. Convers~
an electron that is well shielded from the nuclear charge Z experiences a small effective
nuclear charge Z *.
The value of er for any one electro~ in a gi~en e~ectron configuration (i.e. , in the presence of
the other electrons of the _atom m quesuon) is calculated using a set of empirical rules
developed by Slater. According to these rules, the value of cr for the electron in question is the
c:,um.ula.tive total provided by vaJ:ious other electrQns of the atom.
PERIODIC PROPERTIES
. '
Metals have few electrons in their valence shell while non-metals generally have more
electrons in their valence shell. Metallic character is closely related to atomic radius and
ionisation enthalpy. Metallic character increases from top to bottom in a group and decreases
from left to right in a period of periodic table. Metallic character is inversely related to
electronegativity of element. . · .~ · ' '
The value of four quantum number for the last electron of atom of element 'X' are
n =7 , l =1, m =+ 1 and s =+l / 2 or -1/2 and value of spin magnetic
B momentum for element
1
'X' is zero. Element 'X' has two isotopes ID X and, (Il) z X.
(Given: "B ::-A =B -2Z =18", where A aod.B are atomic masses uad Z_}s atomic number:.)
B
There are nine elements A to I. These are belongs to ~block element other than halogen. If
atomic number of B is average of atomic number of A and C and atomic number of E ~
average of atomic number of D and F and atomic nwnber of H is average of atomic number of
G and 1. Atomic numbers of B,E and Hare 7. 1S and 83, respectively and atomic numbers ol
C,I aad F are greater than ~G and D ~
PISSIIE
If P, Q, Rand Sare elements of 3rd period of p-block in Modern ~rlodlc 'lhbl -\ nmong tlu:se
one element is metal and rest are non-metnls and their order of clcct1'0nl~~m lvhy Is given ns :
P <Q<R<S
PISSIIE
Consider the following representation based on long fonn of periodic table.
Value of all four quantum number for last electron of element 'X' in their ground state is
n == 4, l == 1, m == 1 and s = _.! and spin multiplicity of element' X' in their ground state is 4.
2
14
Consider the following elements with their electronegativity value.
Elements A B · C D
')
Electronegativity (Pauling scale) 3.77 1.12 , 2.25 3.10
1. Incorrect statements is :
(a) AOH is more acidic' than DOH
(b) BOH is more basic than GOH
(c) 'AB' molecule is predominantly ionic
(d) 'D -OH' bond is more weaker than' B - OH' bond tn polar solvent
2. Select correct statement :
(a) Oxide of element D is more acidic than that of A
(b) Oxides of elements C and Dare basic in nature
(c) Oxide of element B is acidic in nature
(d) BOH is more basic than H 20
In the modem periodic table, elements ~re ·arranged _in order of increasing atomic numbers
which is related to the electronic configuration. _Depending upon the type of orbitals receiving
the lase electron, the elements in the periodic table have been divided into four blocks,
viz., s, p, d, and f. The modern periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. Each
period begins with the filling of a new energy shell. In accordance with the Aufbau principle,
the seven periods (1 to 7) have 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh
period is still incomplete. To avoid the periodic table being too long, the two series of /-block
elexnents, called lanthanoids and actinoids are placed at the bottom of the main body of the
periodic table. _...,,,..,_,._.._._,,.,~...........,""'... '
1. Which of the elements whose atomic numbers are given below, cannot be accommodated in
the present set up of the long form of the periodic table?
(a) 107 (b) 118 (c) 126 (d) 102
2. The element with atomic number 57 belongs to :
(a) s-block Cb) p-block (c) d-block (d) /-block
Periodic Table 11
3. Which of the following properties among halogens decrease(s) from fluorine to iodine?
(a) Electronegativity (b) Bond energy ·
(c) Ionisation energy (d) Electron affinity
4. In halogens, which of the following decreases from fluorine to iodine?
(a) Bond length (b) Electronegativity
(c) The ionization energy of the element (d) Oxidizing power
5. Mark the correct statements out of the following :
(a) He has the highest I.E. 1 in the periodic table
(b) Cl has the highest E.A. out of all the elements in the periodic table
(c) Hg and Br are liquid at room temperature
{d) In any period, the atomic radius of the noble gas is lowest
6. S, T and U are the aqueous chlorides of the elements X, Y and Z respectively. X, Y and Z are in
tb.e same period of the periodic table. U gives a white precipitate with NaOH but this white
precipitate dissolves as more NaOH is· added. When NaOH is added to T, a white precipitate
forms which does not dissolve when more base is added. S does not give precipitate with
NaOH.
Which of the following statements are correct 7
(a) The three elements are metals
(b) The electronegativity decreases from X to Y to Z.
(c) X, Y and Z could be sodium, magnesium and aluminium respectively.
(d) The first ionization increases from X to Y to Z.
7. The diagram below shows part of the skeleton of the periodic table in which elements are
indicated by letters which are not their usual symbols.
~ ,- ~ -
", ••,,, ' r. • 'I.• I '
J I
B t.' F I
K H L G
E '
C
!
.', -
.·,
- ' .. ... , . -.
' .. . .I!
.. . ,.
i~
•
~ - l IA I I
Answer the following on the basis of mod~m periodic table :
I I I I I" I I I0 1 I .
I
~- •;'l'p
.~.)
a
R
J T
M
Answer the following on the basis of periodic table :
(0 Element having greatest ionic character in its compound
(II) Metal cation which is coloured in its aqueous solution
(III) Element(s) of which carbonate salt is/are water soluble
(IV) Which element is monoatomic gas at room temperature
9. Answer the following on the basis of modem periodic table.
- 1
2
K, \
. ,,
' l '
\
' ( . ..~ "' ,.: ·:1. '
13 14 15 18 17
'
3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
•
if'
"
(I)
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Group no. of the elements with the valence shell ground state electron configuration 115 2np 5
(II) Group no. of the elements with the valence shell ground state electron configuration 115 2np 3
(III) Group no. of the elements that have only three unpaired p electron in ground state
(IV) Alkaline earth metals ·
I '
(V) Group 3A elements
10. Which of the following stateme~s concerning elements with atomic number 10 is true?
(a) It forms a covalent. network solid ·
(b) Element is monoatomic
(c) It has a almost zero value of electron affinity
(d) It has extremely high value of ionization energy
11. Which of the following pairs of elements have same number of electrons in their outermost
shell?
(a) Mn, Fe (b) Na, Sr (c) As, Bi . ,(d) Se, Te
2
12. A change of Zn to Zn + is a accompanied by a ~ecrease in : .
(a) number of valence electrons , ,, (b) atomic mass
(c) atomic number (d) number of shells
13. The elements which are radioactive and ,have been named after the names of planets are :
(a) Hg (b) Np (c) Pu (d) Ra
14. The properties which are common to both groups 1 and 17 elements in the periodic table are :
(a) Electropositive character increases down the groups
(b) Reactivity decreases from top to bottom in these groups
(c) Atomic radii increases as the atomic number increases
(d) Electronegativity decreases on moving down a group
15. There are three elements A, B and C. Their atomic number are Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 respectively. If
Z1 - Z 2 = 2 and Z • + Z 2 = Z 3 - 2 and ·tlte electronic configuration of element A is [Ar]3d 6 4s 2 ,
2
then correct order of magnetic momentum is/are :
(a) B+ > A 2• > C 2• (b) A 3+ > B2• > C
(c)B>A>C21- (d)B•A 3.>CS+
16. U>DSider- the following repaesentation based on long form of periodic table.
p
S X Q
Here p, Q, R and S are up, right, down and left elements with respect to the central element
· JC respeaively. According to above representation the correct match is/are :
X P Q R S
(a) Ge Si As Sn Ga
(b) Te Se I Po Sb
(c) Sb As Te Bi Sn
(d) In Ga Sn Tl Cd
17. Which of the following march is/are correct regarding B, Al, C and S elements?
(a) The highest first ionisation enthalpy : C
(b) The largest atomic size : Al
(c) The most negative electron gain enthalpy: C
(d) The most metallic character: Al
18. Comider the value of all four quantum number for last electron and spin multiplicity (2s + 1)
£or given two element •X' and •r in their ground state :
n l m s 12s+]/
X: 2 0 0 +1/2 1
Y: 2 1 -1 -1/2 4
The according to given information the correct statement is :
(a) The bond angle (H - Y - H) of pos.gble hydride of element Y is less than 109°28'
(b) The possible halide of' X' has two vacant p-orbitals on its central atom.
(c) Magnetic moment ofY is greater than X
(d) X and Y element exhibits only single oxidation state
19. An element 'X" present in its ground state, the value of principal and azimuthal quantum
number £or last electron of element• X" is n = 3 and l =land spin multiplicity for given element
is 4. Then aaonling lD given information correa statement(s) regarding given element 'X'
is/are:
(a) Element 'X" is 3rd period and 15th group element
(b) In valence shell of element 'X" electron density is symmetrically distributed.
(c) Element · JC has full filled valence shell.
(d) Nooe of the above
Atomic/Ionic Radius
20. Which of the following pairs have approximately the same atomic radii?
w~~m oo~~~ w~~~ w~~~
21. 1be correct order of radii is/ue :
(a) Pb> Pb> > Pb,... Cb) tn• >Sn2+ >Sb:,. >Te,...
(c) C.O > Ni > Cu > Zn (d) K+ > u• > Mg2+ > All+
29
Ionisation E11or
22.. The fin;t ionisation energy of first · atom is greater than that of second atom, whereas
reverse ortkr is trne for their second ionisation energy. Which set of elements is in accordance
to above statement ? , . .,, i ;
(:t)C>U (b)P>S (c)Be>B .·· 1(d)Mg>Na
13, lonitation energy of an element is :
(n) Equal in nminitude but opposite in sign to the electron gain enthalpy of the cation of the
element ·
(b) Smne as electron affinity of the element ..
(c) Energy required to remove one valence electron from an isolated gaseous atom in its
ground state
Cd) Equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the electron gain enthalpy of the anion of the
clement
24. Consider the following ionization steps :
t I . I I I: ~• I •• • i •
y 1
3 1 -1 +- ✓ 15 5
2
1
z 3 1 0
2
..rs 6
Electronoffinity
32. Which of the following order is/are correct?
(a) Mg:z..(size) > Ll .. (size) (b) S (EA)>O(EA)
(c) Hg O.E.)>Cd(I.E.) (d) P(I.E.)>S(I.E.)
33. Correct order of electron affinity is/are:
(a) S > 0 (b) Al > B (c) Mg > Na (d) P > N
34. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) van der Waals' radius of iodine is more than its covalent radius.
(b) All i..loelectronic iona of corresponding elements belong to the same period of the
periodic table.
(c) IE of N-arom ii higher than that of O-atom, while lE 2 of O-atom is higher than that of
N-atom.
(d) 1be electron affinity of fluorine la greater than that of chlorine.
35. Electron affinity of the elements or ions shown correctly?
(a) S > o- (b) P>N- (c) o- >S-
36. Which of the following statement regarding halogens is/are correct?
(a) Ionization energy decreases with increase in atomic number
(b) Electronegativity decreases with increase in atomic number
(c) Electron affinity decreases with increase in atomic number
(d) Enthalpy of fusion increases with increase in atomic number
3'1. Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) F is the most electronegative and Cs is the most electropositive element
(b) The ionization energy of halogens decreases from F to I
(c) The electron affinity of Cl is higher than that of F through their electronegativities are in
the reverse order
(d) The electron affinity of noble gases is almost zero
38. Consider the order 02- < F+ < Na+ <Mg~ . Then correct statement(s) is/are:
(a) Increasing order of Z efJ (b) Increasing order of size
(c) Increasing order of I.E. (d) Increasing order of E.A.
39. Consider the following reactions :
(i) 0c,) + e- ~ 0eg), llH 1 (ii) Fe,>+ e- ~ F~l• llH 2
(ill) Clc,l + e- ~ Cleg>, Mf 3 (iv) 0eg> + e- ~ 0~l• Ml 4
Then according to given information the correct statement is/are:
(a) Mf 3 is more negative than llH 1 and &/ 2
(b) &/ 1 is less negative than Mf 2
(c) Ml 1 , Ml 2 and Mf 3 are negative whereas &1 4 is positive.
(d) Ml 1 and Mf 3 are negative whereas 6H 2 and Ml 4 are positive.
40. Which of the following is incorrect order of property as indicated ?
(a) Na+ < F- < 0 2- <Ne< Ar : Atomic size
(b) Br < Se < As < Ge : Metallic character
(c) Na < Al < Si < Mg : Ionisation energy
(d) I < Br < Cl < F : Electron affinity
41. Which of the following is/are correct order?
(a) Atomic radius : F < 0 < F- < 02,--
(b) 2nd ionisation energy: C < N < F < 0
(c) Electron affinity : I < Br < F < Cl
(d) Zeff (effective nuclear change) : Al< Al+ < Al3+ < Al~
42. Consider the following sequence of reaction :
Alls
I l
x - ~ x ~ x+~x2 +~x3+
t I
AH6
If electronic configuration of element X is [Ne]Js 1 , then which of the following order is correct
regarding given enthalpies?
Ca) IMI4I= IMisl (b) IMI2I >IMI1I
(c) ]Af-I2l>IAf-I3I (d) IMid=IAf-161
Electrone ativit
43. The correct statement is/are :
(a) Zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) have almost same size
(b) Correct order of ionisation energy of coinage metals is : Cu > Ag < Au
(c) Carbon atom in CC1 4 is more electronegative than carbon atom in CF4
(d) Pb 2+ is more stable than Pb 4+
44. Which of the following statements is true about electronegativity?
(a) Electronegativity of an element depends upon its effective nuclear charge
(b) Electronegativity of a cation is proportional to charge on the cation
(c) Electronegativity increases as the s-character in hybrid orbital increases
(d) Electronegativity of a anion is proportional to charge on the anion
45. Which of the following elements have the similar value of electronegativity?
(a) H (b) S
(c) Te (d) P
46. Which of the following parameters cannot be estimated by using Born-Haber cycle?
(a) Hydration energy of ion (b) Electron gain enthalpy
(c) Lattice energy (d) Electronegativity
47. Select correct order(s) of electronegativity of element is/are :
(a) Paulling scale (E.N. of F-atom) > Mulliken scale (E.N. of F-atom)
(b) Cl 20 7 (E.N. of Cl-atom) > Cl 20 5 (E.N. of Cl-atom)
(c) CH 4 (E.N. of C-atom) > CO 2 (E.N. of c~atom)
(d) Cu2+ (E.N.) > Cu+ (E.N.)
Hydration Energy
48. Choose the correct statement(s) :
(a) H + is the smallest size cation in the periodic table.
(b) van der Waals' radius of chlorine is more than covalent radius.
(c) lonic mobility of hydrated Li+ is greater than that of hydrated Na+.
(d) He atom is having highest I.E. in the periodic table.
Lattice Ener
49. Select equations having endothermic step :
(a) S - (g) ~ S2- (g)
(b) Na+(g) +Cl-(g) ---+ NaCl(s)
(c) N(g) ---+ N- (g)
(d) Al2+(g) ~ All+(g)
~ 33
50. Consider the following Born-Haber's cycle :
3
2Bcs)+
2 X2c,> _ _ _6H_1- - - B2X3(s)
Ml2l 16H3
2B(g) 3X(g)
Ml41 16Hs
?R.3+ 3X2-
-,g} (g)
Nature of Oxide
51. Which of the following oxides is/are amphoteric?
(a) Na 20 (b) Cao Cc) Al 20 3 (d) SnO 2
52. Which of the following show amphoteric behaviour?
(a) Zn(OH)i (b) Be(OH)i
(c) Al(OHh (d) Pb(OH) 2
--:.-,..._.
INORGANI(
-~
(Hf Ml)lRY
-
MATCH THE COLUMN
Entries of Column-I are to be matched with entries of Column-II. Each entry of Column-I may
have the matching with one or more than one entries of Column -II.
Colwnn.•l Column-n
(elemente with at no.) (type• of elemenu)
(A) X (at. no. = 52) (P) Inner-transition element
(B) Y (at. no. = 57) (Q) Representative element
(C) Z (at. no. = 48) (R) Non-transition element
(S) d-block element
2. :i Col111111141
(A) Increasing order of I.E. (P) F < 0 < S < Se
(B) Increasing order of electron affinity (Q) 0 < N < F < Ne
(C) Increasing order of atomic size (R) Na< Mg< Al< Si
(S) 0 2-< o- < 0 < o+
3. Column-I Colwnn-B
--•·-~~
(A) F > Cl> Br> I (P) Ionisation energy
(B) Fe 3 + >Fe 2+ >Fe (Q) Size
(C) 1- > I> 1+ (R) Magnitude of Ml eg
(D) 0 > C > . B > N (S) Effective nuclear charge
4. Column-D
(IE) l (IE) 2
(A) 2372 5251 (P) Mo:re reactive metal
(8) 520 7300 (Q) Reactive non-metal
(C) 900 1760 (R) Noble gas
(D) 1680 3380 (S) Metal forms a stable binary halide of the
formula AX 2
(T) Exhibit+2 electrovalency
PERIODIC PROPERTIES
5. •Column-I . Column-II
(atomic number of element) (IUPAC name)
(A) 105 , (P) Uun
(B) 107 {Q) Uns
(C) 109 (R) Unp
(D) 110 (S) Une
6. ·, Column-I-~~.r?"rr;::ir'f~~
...., Column-D
(A) 52
<•• n~Mr)
·:(P) s-block
In the periodic table)
7. Column'-1 . Column-II
(type of elements) r: .e lectronic configuration)
(A) Inen gas elements (P) ns 1 - 2 to ns 2 np 5
8. Column-Il
(periodic properties) '-
(A) F (P) Maximum ionization energy
·(B) Cl (Q) Maximum electronegativiry
(C) Fe (R) Maximum electron affinity
(D} He (S) Variable oxidation state
9. Column-n
(A) Fullerene (P) Actinoids
(B) Promethium (Q) Lewis base
(C) Water (R) Allotrope
) Lawrencium (S) Lanthanoids
10.
~----- . '\
.
Column-n·_..,_..,.__
r
These questions consist of two statements each, printed as assertion and reason, while
answering these questions you are required to choose any one of the following responses.
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
(C) If assertion is true but the reason is false
(D) If assertion is false but the reason .is true
1. Assertion : In CsF salt, size of Cs+ is slight higher than size of F - .
Reason: Cs + is largest monoatomic cation and p- is smallest anion.
2. Assertion First electron affinity of all elements is positive.
Reason Successive electron affinity of all elements is negative.
3. Assertion Helium atom has highest ionisation energy among all the elements.
Reason Helium is smallest atom among all the elements.
4, Assertion F- ion has highest hydrated radius among the other halide ions.
Reason Ionic radius of F- is smallest in the periodic table.
5. Assertion Magnitude of electron gain enthalpy of oxygen is less than that of fluorine
but greater than that of nitrogen.
Reason Ionisation enthalpy order is as follows : N>O<R
6. Assertion Formation of Cl - ion is exothermic whereas O 2- ion formation is
endothermic.
Reason EA 2 of oxygen is endothermic and greater than its exothermic EA 1 value of
oxygen.
7. Assertion The electron gain enthalpy of N is +ve while that of P is -ve.
Reason Smaller atomic size of N in which there is a considerable electron-electron
repulsion and hence the additional electron is not accepted easily.
8. Assertion The formation of F~) from Fcg) is exothermic, whereas that of ofs-> from O<sl
is endothermic.
Reason The addition of second electron to a monovalent anion is difficult because
both have the same charge and experience more repulsion.
9. Assertion Na+ and Al 3+ are isoelectronic but ionic radius Al 3+ is less than that of Na+ .
Reason The magnitude of effective nuclear charge on the outershell electrons in Al 3 ..
is greater than that in Na+.
10. Assertion The third period contains only 8 electrons and not 18 like 4th period.
Reason ln III period filling starts from 3s 1 and complete at 3p 6 whereas in IV period
2
it starts from 4s 1 and complete after 3d 10 and 4s .
11. Assertion Cs and F2 combines violently to form CsF.
Reason Cs is most electropositive and F is most electronegative.
12. Assertion Second E.A. for halogens is almost zero.
Reason Fluorine has maximum value of electron affinity.
13. Assertion F atom h as less e1ectron affinity than Cl atom.1 b 3p electrons in Cl atom
Reason Additional electrons are repelled more strong Y Y
than by 2p electrons in F atom.
· · · um
14. Assertion Among the halogens bond energy of F2 ts mmim ·
Reason Among halogens F atom is small in size.
15. Assertion The first ionization energy of Be is greater than that of B.
Reason 2p-orbital is lower in energy than Zs-orbital. . . .
16. Assertion
·
Noble gases have highest · · · - enth a lP1·es in their
1omzat1on . respecnve
. penods.
Reason Noble gases have stable closed shell electronic configurauon.
17. Assertion Helium and beryllium have similar outer electronic configuration of the type
n.s2.
Reason Both are chemically inert.
18. Assertion The first ionization enthalpy of aluminium is lower than that_of magnesium.
Reason Ionic radius of aluminium cation is smaller than that of magnesium cation.
SUBJEOIVE PROBLEMS
.,. ._
·1 · ·
t. The number of electrons for Zn 2+ cation that have the value of azimuthal quantum number ::;
O is:
2. Calculate the electronegativity of silicon atom using Allred-Rochow's method. If covalent
radius of silicon is 1.0A. ( rounded in nearest integer value)
3. If heat of solution for AB(s) is -0.95 x lOx kcal/mol and lattice energy for AB(s) is 700
kcal/mo! and hydration energy for A+ (g) is -1000 kcal/mol and B - (g) is -650 kcal/mol then
calculate value of x.
4 . Consider the following Born-Haber's cycle for formation of MX (s).
3
l;Jmo: FJmol •
MX3(s)
¥&}. 3Xca>
4H~242lutmol ""13481"/mol
A+(g) + ~ B2 (g) A+(g) + 8""(&)
I.El49Slu/mol
A+(g) + ½B2(g)
4Ho.,{108 lu/mol u
·········A(s) + 1B2(g) ····················-··········-~- --
Ml+-424 lu/mol
11. (b)
2. (a)
12.
3. (c) ... (C) s. (a) . (b) 7. (d) I. (C) 9. (c)
'19. (b)
10. (d)
20. (d)
(a) 13. (a) 1'- (b) 15. {c) 16. (C) 17. (c) 11. (c)
21 . (c) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25.. (b) a. (b) r,. (b) 28. (C) .29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (C) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (d) 3&. (C) n. (c) 38. (b) 39. (d) ~- (b)
41. (a)
51.
61.
(b)
(c)
42.
52.
62.
(a)
(C)
(C)
43.
53.
63. (a)
(b)
(C)
44.. (b)
54. (b)
64. (c)
55. (c)
15.. (b) .
....
45.. (b) , A&. (b)
(C)
(a) •
G. (d)
SI. (b)
,;,. (b)
41. (a)
51. (a)
61. (c)
49.
59.
(c)
(d)
69. (a)
50. (d)
60. (b)
70. (d)
71.
11. (a)
91. (a)
(d) 72.
82.
92.
(b)
(b)
(c)
73. (b)
83. (C)
93. (C)
74.
14.. (a)
94.
(c)
(a)
.. .
75. (b) · JL (d)
95. (a)
(a)
98. (d)
(b)
n. (a)
17. (c.)
97. (a)
78. (b) -
.._ (d)
91. (d)
79. (a)
19. (a)
99. (a)
ao.
90.
(b)
(d)
2
1. (b) 2. (d) 3.. (C) . (b) 5.. (a) &. (b) - 1. (c) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (C) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (b) 11. (c) 11. (c)
...
19: (d) 20. (c)
I
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (d) 2A. (d) 25. (b) a. (b) 'ZI. (d) . 28. (b) 29. (C) 30. (d)
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34.. (a) 35. (a) (d) 37. (b) 38. (C) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42. (b) a. (b) 44.. (d) 45. (d) (C) G. (a) 48. (a) 49. (c) so. (b)
51. (c) . i. l
' L I
Leval 3
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c)
1.
~ · '";.· .-~.
l:~~ (b) · 3: .- ~· ~
Passage-8 (b) (d)
J
(d)
(c)
-~ (d)
(c)
i~ •
,_ Ii
• • ·
10. (b, c, d) 11. (c, d) 12. (a, d) 13. (b, c) 14. (a, c, d) 15. (a, b, c)
16. (a, b, c, d) 17. (a, b, d) 18. (a, b, c) 19. (a, b) 20. (a, c) 21. (a, b, d)
22. (a, b. c. d) 23. (a, c) 24. (a, b, d) 25. (b, c, d) 26. (a, b, c) 27. (b, c)
28. (a. d) 29. (a, b, c, d) 30. (a, b, c, d) 31. (b, c. d) 32. (b, c, d) 33. (a, b)
34. · (a, c) 35. (a, b) 36. (a, b, d) 37. (a, b, c, d) 38. (a, c, d) 39. (a, b, c)
40. (b, c, d) 41. {a, b, c) 42. (a, b, d) 43. (a, b, d) ..... (a, b, c) 45. (a, c, d)
••
52.
(a, d)
(a, b. c, d)
47. (a, d) 48. (a, b. d) 49. (a, c, d) 50. (a, b, d) 51. (c, d)
Match the Column
1. A➔ Q; B➔ S; C ➔ R,S
2. A➔ Q; B ➔ S; C➔ P
3. A➔ P, S; B➔ P, R, S; C➔ Q; D➔ R
4.A ➔ R; B ➔ P; C ➔ S, T; D➔Q
S. A➔ R; B ➔ Q; C ➔ S; D➔ P
6. A➔ Q; B ➔ P; C ➔ R; D➔ S
7. A➔ Q; B ➔ P; C ➔ S; D➔ R
8. A➔ Q; B ➔ R; C ➔ S; D➔ P
9. A ➔ R; B ➔ S; C ➔ Q; D➔ P
10. A ➔ Q; B ➔ R; C ➔ S, T; D➔ p
11. A ➔ R; B ➔ T; C ➔ P, S; D ➔ Q,R
12. A ➔ P, S; B ➔ T; C ➔ P,R; D➔ P, Q, R
13. A ➔ P, Q, R, T; B ➔ Q,S; C ➔ Q, T; D ➔ Q,S
11. I ,) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (C) 1&. (A) 17. (C) 18. (B)
Subjective Problems
1. (6) 2. (2) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (8) 8. (16) 7. (3) a. (7) 9. (27) 10. (2)
11. (7)
Level 1
26. (b) Ununtrium for atomic number = 113; forZ > 8Q pd. no. = 7
113 [Rn]7s 2,sj14,6d10 ,7p1
p-block
27. (b) Tantalum (Z =73) is a transition element.' '
28. (c) Period number Group number Element
5 7 Tc
6 13 Tl
6 5 Ta
30. (c) [Xe]4/1 4 5cf 6s 2
Atomic number = 71 Period number = 6th Group number= 3rd
31. (b) Rubidium is most electropositive in nature.
32. (c) (a) Cr: 4s1 3d 5 (each d-orbital has le-)
(b) Fe 3 + : 4s 0 3d 5 (each d-orbital has le-)
( c) Cu+: 4s O3 cf O ( each d-orbital has 2 e-)
Leve1 2
1. (b) Sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral molecule is zero.
➔ A3(B4C)2: +2x3+2x[4x5-2] =42 :;t:0
➔ A3(BC 4 h :+2x3+2x[+S-8]=0
➔ Ai(BC 3 ) 2 : +2 x2 +2x[+S -6} =+2 :;t: 0
➔ ABC 2 : +2+5 +(-2)x2 =+3 :;t:Q
2. (d) W : Phosphorus Y : Oxygen X : Sulphur Z : Chlorine
Elecrronegativity : 0 > d > S > P Catenation : S > P > 0 > Cl
Electron Affinity : Cl > 0 > S > P Oxygen exhibits covalency of two only
4. (b) (i) Alkali metal carbonates do not decompose even at red hot ➔ V
(ii) Transition metal ions having unpaired d-electrons are coloured in aq. sol./compounds ➔ X
(iii) In case of Kr van der Waals' radius is considered, which is largest atomic radius ➔ y
(iv) Si atom has only acid SiO 2 ➔ W
11. (d) (I) (Kr]Ss1, shows only sirigle oxidation state +1
(II) [Rn]5/1 4 6if7s 2, it is / -block element (Z = 103)
(III) The compound formed between I and III is ionic.
(JV) [Ar)3d 6 4s 2, (Z =26) Fe shows variable oxidation state.
12. (c) Possible elements Period number Group number Electronic configuration
(i) H 1 1 1s1
(ti) Be 2 2 1s 2 2s 2
13. (b) As value ofn increases, energy gap decreases due to increasing Zeff. on valence shell.
14. (b) Atomic radius and nuclear charge increases from top to bonom because number of shell and atomic
mass increases down the group.
15. (d)
(a) [Ar]3ds4s1 ➔ Cr(24) ➔ 4 th period, 6 th group
(b) [Kr]4d1° ➔ Pd(46) ➔ 5 period, 12 th group
th
Second electron removal from oxygen requires more energy as it acquires stable 2s 22p 3
configuration after removal of one electron.
(c) Correct order ➔ B > Tl > In > Ga > Al (Electronegativicy)
In general EN increases in boron family from top to bottom due to increase in Z~ on
valence shell while boron has highest E.N. due to its vary small size.
(d) Correct order ➔ Na+> u-+- > Mg 2+ > A1 3 ,.. > Be2+- (Ionic radius)
..... '
lonic radius depends on Zeff and number of shells.
w..a-..
Passage-4
___,..__, ____~ ..
~
,,.,. _,,,
........ ---------
1. (d) Electrons closer to nucleus will experience higher effective nuclear charge.
2p 3 is closer to 4s1 as principal quantum number is concerned firSC. 2.
35 10
2 • (b) Magnesium having higher ionization potential due to more stable electronic arrangement [Ne]
comparison to aluminium [Ne] 3s 23p1.
3. (d) Ionization enrgy is not affected by entropy.
Pas ge-5
1. (b) T has abnormally higher I.E.1 value.
2. (b) There is sudden jump in I.E. 2 of Q. i.e., uniposirive has noble gas configuration.
3. (c) I.E. 3 of S is abnormally higher.
4. (a) High I.E. values show its non-metallic nature.
S. (b) Q is alkali metal as it shows group in I.E. 2 value.
6. (a) Both Q and R shows group in I.E. 2 values and belong to alkali metals.
Passage-10
n I m s
t. (d) For last e- of element 'X' ➔ 7 1 + 1 +1 / 2 or -1/2 so last e- present in "7 p" subshell and spin
magnetic momentum for element' X' is zero so their is no unpaird e- in element' X' so outer electronic
6
configuration of element ' X' will be 7p •
(a) According to electronic configuration element ' X' belongs to 18th group.
(b) Spin magnetic momentum zero so their is no unpaired e-.
(c) Element ' X' belongs to 7th period and 18th group so atomic number is 118.
(d) · X' is nobel gas not representative element according to Bohr's classification.
2. (c) Z =118, B - 2Z =18, so B =254
and B-A =18 so A =236
3 . (d) 90th e- goes co S/ subshell so possible four quantum numbers are 5, 3, -2 and -1/2 or + l/2.
Pa age-11
1. (c) The correct order of IE 1 HOJo > J<Po)
2. (d)
(a) +S oxidation state of H(Bi) is more stable than its +3 oxidation state. (false)
4
(b) G:i.(Pb)2+ is _better oxidising agent than G ..... (Pb) +. (false)
(c) +3 oxidation state of E(P) is more stable than its +5 oxidation state. (false)
(d) Pb > Sn(Tin): IE1 (crue)
3. (c)
(a) 8-f:J,.N,Ps) is acidic in nature (b) AC 2(CO 2 )is acidic in nature
(c) FC 3(S0 3 ) is acidic in nature (d) GC 2(PbO 2 ) is amphoteric in nature
-
Passage-12
1. (b) In X - 0 - H, linbge as X is more electronegative die shared electron pair between O - H shifts
more towards o:r:ygen atom and 0 - H bond weakens which facilitares release of H+.
2. (a) Attording to the giftD infomwioo, element P is aluminium which forms ampboteric oxide:
Al.p3
3. (d) Attording to die given information, element P, bcJongs to 13th group and rest elements belong to
higher groups, hence chloride of 13th group will only be hypovalent.
Passage-13
Passage-14
1. (b) Bond energy is invenely proportional to difference of electronegativity in polar solvent.
Hence,' B-Olf is more basic' D-Olf.
2. (d) Due to more difference of elearonegativity in B - 0 bond, B - OH is more basic than water.
Pa sage,-15
1. (c) In present set up of long form of periodic table element with atomic number > 118 can not be
aa:ommodaied.
2. (c) [Xe] 546s2sJ- (last e- inrers to d-omitak)
Since 6 > 6', hence C-atom in CF4 is more electronegam-e cban in Cd,..
45. On Pauling's scale elecuonegativities of H (2.1), Te (2.1 ) and P (2.1 ) are simDar ~1 the
electronegativicy of S (2.5) is di.ffererent from the ocher three elements.
46. Electronegativicy and hydration energy camKX be estimated b)· using Born-Haber c:,"cie.
47. Elecrronegativity of central arom is directly proportional to oxidation stat es..
49. (a) s·(g) ----+ S2-(g); AHq. =(-)ve
(b) Na+(g)+ o-(g) ----+ Na•o-($) ; MILE. = (-)\-e
(c) N(g) ----+ W(g); AH~_.. =( ---)\·e
(d) Al 2+(g) ----+ Al 3.(g); Miu. =(+)ve
SO. => AH 1 = 2Afl 2 +~AH 3 + 2AH 4 -3AH s ⇒ second electron gain enthalp~- oi X \\ill be positi\-e.
Subjective Problems
0
1. Electronic configuration of zn2+: k:, ~ 2p 6 , 3s 2, 3p 6, 3d 6 , 4s
3. -0.95 xlOx =700-1000-650
-0.95 x10x = -950
x=3 .
3
4. -750 =150+-x200+350+q-1000
2
q = 3 X t:J-1 BG = -5 50 ;
'h ""~so =183 .9L =3.66. 4.0
3 '50
s. 242
--424 =108+49S+ -348+U
2
--424 = +376 +U
U = --424-376 ""-800k.J/mol
_(-800) =8
100
6. Correct orders
(i) HF> HCl > HBr > HI: Lewis basic character (T)
(ii) CH 4 < CCl 4 < CF4 : Elecrronegativity of central 'C'-atom (T)
(iii) Mg 2+ < K+ < s2- < Se2-: Ionic radius (T)
(iv) Ni > Pd > Pt : Ionisation energy (F)
(v) Ass-+> Sbs+ > Bis-+: Stable oxidation state (T)
(vi) LlF > NaF > KF > RbF: Lattice energy (T)
(vii) F(~q.) > Clcaq.) > Br(~q.> > Icaq.l: Electrical conductance (F)
(viii) u+ < Mg 2+ < Al 3+: Hydration energy (T)
(ix) CJ > Br > F > I : Electron affinity (F)
(x) BeC1 2 < AlCl 3 < SiC1 4 : Lewis acidic character (T)
x=7, y=3
lx-yl2 = 17 -31 2 =16
7. Te,Po,Ra
ls2
8. X ⇒ - so value of n is '6'
K
2
. nfi
Electromcco gurateo
f'X' ⇒
25-8 -
1s - - -
- 2
KL MN OP
I 2 3 4 S 6
2 6 0 2
1s 2........... 4s 2 4p 6 4d10 4t'Ss Sp Sd 6s
2S 8 2
Unpaired electron is 7.
10. (v) Li< u+ (vii) Ba < Sr
ll. Cs ➔ (+1) Zn ➔ (+2) Sr ➔ (+2)
Ba ➔ (+2) Be ➔ (+2) Ga ➔ (+1, +3)
F ➔ (-1) Al ➔ (+3) Pb ➔ (+2, +4)
.
-----..-~~~-
~ -
t\.;>.
... . .... ... -
·~;t~.... ,.. . ..
·,
Lave I
Hydrogen Bond
1. The correct order of boiling point is :
OH OH OH
@J @JI @Br
(I) (II) (III)
(a) I > II > III (b) III > II > I
(c) II > I > III (d) Ifl > I > lI
2. Which of the following is not true about H 20 molecule?
(a) The molecule has 1-1 = 0
(b) The molecule can act as a base
(c) Shows abnormally high boiling point in comparison to the hydrides of other elements of
oxygen group
(d) The molecule has a bent shape
3. The boiling points at atmospheric pressure of HF, H 2S, NH 3 can be arrnnged in the following
order:
(a) HF> NH 3 > H 2S (b) HF> H 2S >NH 3
(c) HF<H 2 S<NH 3 (d) HF<NH 3 <H~S
4. The correct order of strength of H-bond in ·the following compound :
(a) H 2 0 > H 20 2 >HF> H 2S (b) HF> H 20 2 > H:P > H 1S
(c) HF> H 20 > H 2S > H 20 2 (d) HF> H;P, > H:P:l > H 1S
5. Which compound has electrovalent, covalent, co-ordinate as weJl as hydro~•n hontl?
(a) (Cu(H 20),dS0 4 ·H 20 (b) [Zn(H 20) 6 )S0 4 ·H:iO
(c) [Fe(H 20) 6 ]SO 4 · H 20 (d) (Fe(H :i0) 6 ]Cl j
6. Which statement is correct?
(a) m.p. of H 2 o, NH 3 are maximum in their respective group due to intermolecular
H-bonding
{b) b.p. ofCH 4 out ofCH 4 ,SiH 4 , GeH 4 and SnH 4 is least due to weak intermolecular force of
atttaction
(c) formic acid forms dimer by H-bonding
(d) all are correct
7. Which of the following molecules are expected to exhibit intermolecular H-bonding?
(I) Acetic acid (II) o-nitrophenol (III) m-nitrophenol (IV) o-boric acid
Select correct alternate :
(a) I, II, Ill (b) I, II, IV (c) I, III, IV (d) II, Ill, IV
8. Which of the following compounds can form H-bonding with each other ?
(a) CH 3COOH and H 20 (b) Phenol and CH 4
(c) CHF 3 and acetone (d) PH 3 and HF
Di ole Moment
9. BF 3 and NF 3 both are covalent compounds but NF3 is polar whereas BF 3 is non-polar. Th.is is
because :
(a) Nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom
(b) N -F bond is more polar than B-F bond
(c) NF 3 is pyramidal whereas BF3 is planar triangular
(d) BF3 is electron deficient whereas NF3 is not
10. Dipole moment of NF 3 is smaller than :
(a) NH 3 (b) CO 2 (c) BF 3 (d) CC1 4
11. Which of the following molecules will have polar bonds but zero dipole moment?
(a) 0 2 (b) CHC1 3
(c) CF4 (d) none of these
12. Which has maximum dipole moment?
Cl Cl
Molecular Forces
18. Which of the following attraction is strongest ?
(a)@=====~ (b) ~====~
(c) <§)::::@) (d) @=====(®
19. Which is distilled first?
( a) Liquid H 2 (b) Liquid CO 2
(c) Liquid 0 2 (d) Liquid N 2
20. The molecular size of ICl and Br 2 is approximately same, but b.p. if ICl is about 40°C higher
than that of Br 2 • It is because :
(a) ICl bond is stronger than Br-Br bond (b) IE of iodine < IE of bromine
{c) ICl is polar while Br 2 is nonpolar (d) I has larger size than Br
21. Which of the following order of molecular force of attraction among given species is incorrect?
(a) HI> HBr > Cl 2 (b) CH 3Cl> CC1 4 > CH 4
(c) n-pentane > iso-pentane > neo-pentane (d) OH 2 > O(CH 3 ) 2 > 0Br 2
22. Which gas should not be collected over water because of its high solubility in water?
(a) H 2 (b) N 2 (c) CH 4 (d) HCl
23. Low melting point is expected for a solid :
(a) Ionic solid (b) Metallic solid
(c) Molecular solid (d) Covalent solid
24. Which substance has the strongest London dispersion forces? ·
(a) SiH 4 (b) CH 4 (c) SnH 4
25. Which of the following compounds has the lowest boiling point?
(a) HF (b) HCI (c) HBr (d) HI
26. When the substances Si, KCl, CH 30H and C2H 6 are arranged in order of increasing melting
point, what is the correct order?
(a) Si, KCl, CH 30H, C 2H 6 (b) CH 30H, C 2 H 6 , Si, KCI
(c) KCl, Si, C 2H 6 , CH 30H (d) C 2 H 6 , CH 30H, KCI, Si
27. Which substance has the highest melting point?
(a) CO (b) CO 2
(c) Si0 2 (d) P20 5
H bridisation
28. How many sp 2 and sp-hybridised carbon atoms are present respectively in the following
compound 7
3 H
(d) sp sp 3
42. The H--0-H bond angles in H 30+ are approximately 107°. The orbitals used by oxygen in
these bonds are best described as :
(a) p-orbitals (b) sp-hybrid orbitals
2
(c) sp -hybrid orbital (d) sp 3 -hybrid orbital
Coot Bond
43. Which pair of elements can form multiple bond with itself and oxygen?
(a) F, N (b) N, Cl (c) N, P (d) N, C
44. Which of the following is a covalent compound?
(a) Al 2O 3 (b) A1F 3 (c) A1Cl 3 (d) Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
45. Which of the following is an example of super octet molecule?
(a) ClF 3 (b) PC1 5 (c) IF7 (d) All the three
46. Which of the following molecule is theoretically not possible?
(a) SF 4 • (b) OF 2 (c) OF4 (d) 0 2 F2
4 7. The phosphate of a metal has the formula MHPO 4 • The formula of its chloride would be ;
(a) MC (b) MC1 2 (c) MC1 3 (d) M 2Cl 3
48. The compound that has the highest ionic character associated with the X - Cl bond is :
(a) PC1 5 (b) BC1 3 (c) CC1 4 (d) SiC1 4
49. The bond having the highest bond energy is :
(a) C = C (b) C = S (c) C = 0 (d) P = N
SO. Which of the following species is neither hypeivalent nor hypovalent ?
(a) c10:; Cb) BF3 (c) so~- Cd) co~-
s1. In which of the following species central atom is ~OT surrounded by exactly 8 valence
electrons?
(a) BP 4 (b) NC1 3 (c) PCl~ (d) SF4
52. Which atom can have more than eight valence electrons when it is forming covalent bonds?
(a) H (b) N (c) F (d) Cl
53. Which bond is expected to be the least polar?
(a) 0-P (b) P-P (c) Si-N (d) B-F
54. Which set contains only covalently bonded molecules?
(a) BC1 3 , SiC1 4 , PC1 3 (b) NH,Br, N 2H 4 , HBr
(c) 12 , H 2 S, Nal
55. Which molecule does not exist?
(a) OF 2 (b) OF 4 (d) SF 4
Ionic Bond
56. Solid NaCl is a bad conductor of electricity because :
(a) in solid NaCl there are no ions
(b) solid NaCl is covalent
(c) in solid NaCl there is no mobility of ions
(d) in solid NaCl there are no electrons
57. An ionic compound A+ B- is most likely to be formed when:
(a) the ionization energy of A high and electron affinity of B is low
(b) the ionization energy of A is low and electron affinity of B is high
(c) both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are high
(d) both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are low
58. A compound contains three elements A, B and C, if the oxidation of A = + 2, B =+ 5 and
C = - 2, the possible formula of the compound is :
(a) A 3 (B 4 Ch · (b) A 3 (BC 4 h (c) A 2 (BC 3 h · (d) .ABC 2
59. Which pair of.atoms form strongest ionic bond?
WAf~~ ~Af~N
WAf~~ WAf~O
Resonance
60. The correct order of increasing C-0 bond strength of CO, CO~- , CO 2 is :
(a)co;-<C0 2 <CO (b) C02<CO~-<CO (c)CO<co;-<C0 2 (d) CO<CQ <C0~-
2
61. Resonance structures can be written for :
(a) 0 3 (b) NH 3
62. The correct order of Cl - 0 bond order is :
(a) Cl03 <ClO;j <Clo; <Clo- (b) c10- <Cl04 <Clo;< Clo;
(d) Cl04 <Clo; <Clo; <Clo-
63. How many resonance forms can be written· for the nitrate ion, (NO:i)?
(a) 1 Cb) 2 (c) 3 (d)
4
Molecular Geometry/Shape
64. Among given species identify the isostructural pairs :
(a) [NF 3and BF 3 ] (b) [BF4and NH 4] (c) [BC1 3and BrC1 3 ] (d) [NH and NO:i]
3
65. 0.01 mole of H 3 POx is completely neutralised by 0.56 gram of KOH hence:
(a) x =3 and given acid is dibasic
(b) x =2 and given acid is monobasic
(c) x = 3 and given acid is monobasic
(d) x = 4 and given acid forms three series of salt
66. Phosphorus pentachloride in the solid exists as :
(a) PC1 5 (b) PCl~Cl- (c) PC1:PC1 6 (d) PC1 5 •Cl 2
67. The ratio of a-bond and 1t-bond in tetracyano ethylene is:
(a) 2:1 (b) 1:1 (c) 1:2 (d) None of these
68. Bonds present in N 20 5 (nitrogen pentaoxide) are :
(a) only ionic (b) only covalent
(c) covalent and co-ordinate (d) covalent and ionic
69. The pair of species with similar shape is :
(a) PCl3,NH 3 (b) CF.. ,SF 4 (c) PbC1 2 ,C0 2 (d) PF5 ,IF 5
70. Which of the following statements is correct in the context of the allene molecule, C 3H .. ?
(a) The central carbon is sp hybridized
(b) The terminal carbon atoms are sp 2 hybridized
(c) The planes containing the CH 2 groups are mutually perpendicular to permit the
formations two separate i.-bonds
(d) All are correct
71. Number of S- S bond is H 2Sn0 6 :
(a) n (b) (n - 1) (c) (n -2) (d) (n + 1)
72. How many S - S bonds, S - 0 - S bonds, a-bonds, 1t-bonds are present in trimer of sulphur
trioxide?
(a) 0, 3, 16, 2 (b) 0, 3, 12, 6 (c) 0, 6, 12, 16 (d) 0, 4, 12, 6
73. Number of identical Cr-0 bonds in dichromate ion Cr 20tis:
004 006 ~7 008
74. The nodal plane in the it-bond of ethene is located in:
(a) the molecular plane
(b) a plane parallel to the molecular plane
(c) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which bisects the carbon-carbon a bond at
right angle
(d) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which contains the carbon-carbon bond
75. Which of the following are isoelectronic and isostructural?
N0 3, cor, Cl0 3, S0 3
(a) N0 3,cor (b) S0 3 ,N0 3 (c) Cl0 3,CO~- (d) co;- ,Cl0 3
76. In the electronic structUre of H 2 SO 4 , the total number of unshared electr0ns is :
(a) 20 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 8
77. Which of the following xenon compound has the same number of lone pairs as in 13?
(a) Xe0 4 (b) XeF 4 (c) XeF 2 (d) Xe0 3
78. The shape of XeF; is :
(a) Trigonal planar (b) Pyramidal
(c) Bent T-shape (d) See-saw
79. Which of the following shape are not possible for possible value of 'n' in XeFn molecule ?
(a) Linear (b) Square planar
(c) Trigonal planar (d) Capped octahedral
80. Beel 2 is not isosrructural with :
(a) 1c1; (b) C2H2 . (d) GcCl2
81. Which statement is true about the most stable Lewis structur<. for CS 2?
(a) There are no lone pairs in molecule
(b) All bonds are double bonds
(c) The central atom does not have an octet of electrons
(d) A sulfur atom must be the central atom for the structure to be stable
82. SbF 5 reacts with XeF 4 and XeF 6 ti:-, form ionic compounds [XeF; J[SbP6] and [XeF; HSbF6- 1
then molecular shape of [XeF;] ion and [XeFt J ion respectively :
(a) Square pyramidal, T-shaped (b) Bent-T-shape, square pyramidal
(c) See-saw, square pyramidal (d) Square pyramidal, see-saw
VSEPR Theory
83. In which of the following species maximum atom can lie in same plane?
(a) XeF 2 0 2 (b) PC1 5 (c) AsH: . (d) XeF 4
84. 1 orrect statement regarding molecules SF 4 , CF 4 and XeF 4 are:
(a) 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of central atom respectively
(b) 1, 0 and 1 lone pairs of central atom respectively
(c) 0, 0 and 2 lone pairs of central atom respectively
(d) 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of central atom respectively
85. The geometrical arrangement of orbitals and shape of 13- are respectively :
(a) trigonal bipyramidal geometry, linear shape
(b) hexagonal geometry, T-shape
(c) triangular planar geometry, triangular shape
(d) tetrahedral geometry, pyramidal shape
86. Which of the following statements is incorrect for PC) 5 ?
(a) Its three P-Cl bond lengths are equal (b) It involves sp 3 d hybridization
(c) It has an regular geometry (d) Its shape is trigonal bipyramidal
87. Molecular shapes of SF 4 , CF 4 and XeF 4 are :
(a) the same with 2,0 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively
(b) the same, with 1,1 and 1 lone pair of electrons, respectively
(c) different, with 0, 1 and 2 lone pair of electrons, respectively
(d) different with 1,0 and 2 lone pair of electrons, respectively
88. The structure of the noble gas compound XeF 4 is :
(a) square planar (b) distoned tetrahedral
(c) tetrahedral (d) octahedral
89. The molecule exhibiting maximum number of non-bonding electron pairs (l.p.) around the
central atom is :
(a) XeOF 4 (b) Xe02F2 (c) XeF3- (d) Xe0 3
90. Which is th.e following pairs of species have identical shapes?
(a) NO~ and NO;i {b) PC1 5 and BrF 5 (c) XeF 4 and JC1 4 (d) TeCI 4 and Xeo
4
59
91. The shapes of XeF4, XeFs and SnCl2 are:
(a) octahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and bent
(b) square pyramidal, pentagonal planar and linear
(c) square planar, pentagonal planar and angular
(d) see-saw, T-shaped and linear
92, Which is not correctly matched?
(a) XeO 3-Trigonal bipyramidal (b) ClF 3 -bent T-shape
(c) XeOF 4-Square pyramidal (d) XeF 2 -Linear shape .
93. Amongst No;, AsO r, co~-, Clo; 1 so~- and BO r, the non-planar species are :
(a) COi"° ,so~- ,aor (b) Asot ,ClO 3 ,SO~-
(c) N03,CO{ ,Bot (d) sor ,NO 3,BOt
94. The geometry of ammonia molecule can be best described as :
(a) Nitrogen at one vertex of a regular tetrahedron, the other three venices being occupied by
three hydrogens
(b) Nitrogen at the centre of the tetrahedron, three of the vertices , being occupied by three
hydrogens
(c) Nitrogen at the centre of an equilateral triangle, three comers being occupied by three
hydrogens
(d) Nitrogen at the junction of a T, three open ends being occupied by three hydrogens
95. Which molecular geometry is least likely to result from a trigonal bipyramidal electron
geometry?
(a) Trigonal planar (b) See-saw (c) Linear (d) T-shaped .
96. Give the correct order of initials Tor F for following statements. Use T if statement is true and
F if it is false :
(I) The order of repulsion between different pair of electrons is lP -lP > lP - bP > bP - bP
(II) In general, as the number of lone pair of electrons on central atom increases, value of
bond angle from normal bond angle also increases
(III)The number of lone pair on O in H 2 0 is 2 while on N in NH 3 is 1
(IV)The structures of xenon fluorides and xenon oxyfluorides could not be explained on the
basis of VSEPR theory .
(a) TITF (b) TFTF (c) TIT!' (d) TFFF
97. Which species is planar?
(a) co~- Cb) sot (c) ClO 3 (d) BF 4
98, What is the geometry of the IBri ion?
(a) Linear
(b) Bent shape with bond angle of about 90°
(c) Bent shape with bond angle of about 109°
(d) Bent shape with bond angle of about 120°
99. What is the shape of the ClF 3 molecule?
(a) Trigonal planar (b) Trigonal pyramidal
(c) T-shaped (d) Tetrahedral
100. Which species has the same shape as NH 3 ?
(a) so;- (b) CO~-
(c) N0 3 (d) S03
101. According to VSEPR theory, in which species do all the atoms lie in the same plane?
1. CH1 2. CH 3
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
102. Which of the following species/molecules does not have same number of bond pairs and lone
pairs?
(a) OCN - (b) H 2 O (c) C 2 H 2 Cl 2 (d) 03
Bond length
103. Least stable hydride is:
(a) stannane (b) silane (c) plumbane (d) germane
104, The lowest O - 0 bond length in the following molecule is :
(a) 0 2F2 (b) 0 2 (c) H 2 0 2
ED ffi
s-orbital
Bond Angle
114. Which one of the following compounds has the smallest bond angle?
(a) OH 2 (b) SH 2 (c) NH 3 (d) SO 2
115. Maximum bond angle is present in :
(a) BBr 3 (b) BC1 3 (c) BF 3 (d) none of these
116. The correct order of H - M - H bonds angle is :
(a) NH 3 < PH 3 < SbH 3 < BiH 3 (b) AsH 3 < SbH 3 < PH 3 < NH 9
(c) NH 3 < PH 3 < BiH 3 < SbH 3 (d) BiH 3 < SbH 3 < AsH 3 < PH 3
117. The correct increasing order of adjacent bond angle among BF 3 , PF 3 and ClF3 :
(a) BF3 < PF 3 < CIF 3 (b) PF 3 < BF 3 < ClF 3
(c) ClF 3 <PF 3 <BF 3 (d) BF 3 =PF 3 =ClF 3
118. Among the following species, the least angle around the central atom is in :
(a) 0 3 (b) l 3 (c) NO 2 (d) PH 3
119. The bond angles of NH 3 , NH! and NH 2 are in the order :
(a) NH 2 > NH 3 > NH: Cb) NH:> NH 3 > NH 2
~)NH 3 >NHi>NH: W)NH3>NH;>NH 2
120. The H-C-H bond angle in CH 4 is 109.5°, due to lone pair repulsion, the H-O-H angle in
H 20 will :
(a) .r emain the same (b) increase (c) decrease (d) become 180°
121. The molecule having the largest bond angle is:
WH~ ~H~ WH~ WH~
122. The compound MX 4 is tetrahedral. The number of L XMX angles in the compound is :
(a) three · (b) four
(c) five (d) six
123. The "O - N - O" bond angle is maximum in :
(a) N 20 (b) NOi (c) No; (d) NO3
12.4. Which of the following is the correct order for increasing bond angle ?
(a} NH 3 < PH 3 < AsH 3 < SbH 3 (b) H 2O < OF 2 < Cl 2O
(c) H 3Te+ <H 3 Se+ <H 3S+ <H 3O+ (d) BF3 <BC1 3 <BBr 3 <B1 3
Leval
Molecular Forces
1. The incorrect order of boiling point is :
(a) H 20 > CH 30H (b) N(CH 3 h > NH(CH3)z
(c) H 3P0 4 >Me 3P0 4 (d) CH 3N 3 >HN3
2. Iodine molecules are held in the solid lattice by .. :................... .
(a) London forces (b) dipole-dipole interactions
(c) covalent bonds (d) coulombic force
3. Carbon dioxide is gas, while SiO 2 is solid because :
(a) CO 2 is a linear molecule, while SiO 2 is angular
(b) van der Waals' forces are very strong in SiO 2
(c) CO 2 is covalent, while SiO 2 is ionic
(d) Si cannot form stable bonds with 0, hence Si has to form a 3D lattice
H bridisation
•'
4. Choose the correct.code of characteristics for the given order of hybrid orbitals of same atom,
sp<sp 2 <sp 3
(i) Electronegativity (ii) Bond angle between same hybrid orbitals
(iii) Size (iv) Energy level
(a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) .-. (b) (iii), (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
5. Which is correct statement? .
As the s-character of a hybrid orbital decreases
(I) The bond angle decreases (II) The bond strength increases
(III) The bond length increases (IV) Size of orbitals increases
(a) (I), (III) and (IV) (b) (II), (III) and (IV)
(c) (I) and (II) (d) All are correct
6. Which of the following is incorrectly match ?
. Hybridisadon Geometry Orbitals use
(a) sp 3 d Trigonal bi pyramidal s + Px + Py + P, + d 2
(b) sp d 3 3
P~ntagonal bipyrarnidal
•
s+px +Py +p. +d X 2 -y 1 +dI 1 +d )(f
3 2
(c) sp d Capped octahedral 5 + Px + Py + P. + d X 2 -y 2 + dI 2
•
3
(d) sp Tetrahedral 5 + Px +Py+ P1
Ionic Bond
7. The ionic bonds X+ y- are formed whe~ :
(I) electron affinity of Y is high (II) ionization energy of x is low
(III) lattice energy of XY is high (IV) lattice energy of '}N is low
Choose the correct code :
(a) I and II (b) I and III (c) 1. n and Ill (d) All
8. In the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of solid common salt (NaCl). the largest
contribution comes from:
(a) the low ionization potential of Na (b) the high electron affinity of Cl
(c) the low 61-l vap of Na(s) (d) the larrice energy
Molecular Geometry/Shape
9. Species having maximum 'Cl-0' bond order is :
(a) Cl0 3 (b) ClO 3 (c) ClO 2 (d) ClO 2
10. Which of the following species contains minimum number of atoms in '..\'Y' plane?
(a) XeF 5 {b) SF 6 (c) IF7 (d) All
11. The molecule ML xis planar with 7 pairs of electrons around M in the valence shell. The value
of xis:
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3
12. Choose the correct option for the following molecule in view of chemical bonding :
Cl '\_/C=C=C=C/ H
H '\_Cl
(a) non-planar (c) both (a) and (b) (d) µ = O
VSEPR Theo
13. Which of the following statement is correct about 1; and 13 molecular ions ?
(a) Numbe.r of lone pairs at central atoms are same in both molecular ions
(b) Hybridization of central atoms in both ions are same
(c) Both are polar species
( d) Both are planar species
14. In which of the following molecular shape d.,2~nbital must not be involved in bonding ?
(a) Pentagonal planar (b) Trigonal planar (c) Linear (d) Square planar
15. The correct statement regarding SO 2 molecule is:
(a) two p1t - dn: bonds
(b) molecule bas 2 lone pair, 2o bonds and 2n bonds
(c) two p1t - pn: bonds
(d) one pn - p1t and one pn: - dn: bond
16. A molecule XY 2 contains two o, two 1t-bonds and one lone pair of electron in the valence shell
of X. The arrangement of lone pair as well as bond pairs is :
(a) square pyramidal (b) linear (c) trigonal planar (d) unpredictable
17. In which of the following pairs, both the species have the same hybridisation ?
(I) SF 4 ,XeF 4 (II) li ,XeF2 (ill) 1a; ,SiO,. (IV) Clo; ,ro!-
(a) I, II (b) II, III (c) II, IV (d) I, 11. Ill
18. Which of the following possess two lone pair of electrons on the central atom and square
planar in shape ?
(I) SF4 (D} XeO 4 (lll) XeF 4 (IV) Id 4
(a) I III (b) II IV (c) III, IV (d) All
' . • . h b 'd' • but have same molecular
19. Select pair of compounds in which both have different Y n 1zat1on
geometry : Cl
(a) BF 3 , BrF 3 (b) !Clt BeCI 2 (c) BC1 3 , PCl 3 (d) PCl3, N 3
20. The species havirig no prr - pn bond but has bond order equal to that of O 2 :
(a) ClO 3 (b) pot (c) so~- (d) XeO 3
Bond Length
21. Which of the following fact is directly explained by the statement 'oxygen is a smaller atom
than sulphur' ?
(a) H 20 boils at a much higher temperature than H 2 S
(b) H 2 0 undergoes intermolecular hydrogen bonding
(c) H 20 is liquid and H 2S is gas at room temperature
(d) S-H bond is longer than 0-H bond
22. Which of the following compound has maximum "C-C" single bond length?
(a) CH 2CHCCH (b) HCCCCH
(c) CH 3 CHCH 2 (d) CH 2 CHCHCH 2
Valence Bond Theory
23. If two different non-axial d-orbitals having 'xz' nodal plane form rr-bond by overlapping each
other, then internuclear axis will be :
Wx ~y
(c) z (d) They don't form n-bond
24. Assuming pure 2s and 2p orbitals of carbon are used in forming CH 4 molecule, which of the
following statement is false?
(a) Three C-H bonds will be at right angle
(b) One C-H bond will be weaker than other three C-H bonds
(c) The shape of molecule will be tetrahedral
(d) The angle of C-H bond formed by s-s overlapping will be uncenain with respect to other
three bonds.
25. The strength of bonds formed by 2s-2s, 2p-2p and 2p - 2s overlap has the order :
(a) s-s > p-p > p-s (b) s-s > p-s > p-p
(c) p-p > p-s > s-s (d) p-p > s-s > p-s
26. Which of the following statements is incorrect for sigma and n-bonds fonned between two
carbon atoms?
(a) Sigma-bond is stronger than a rr-bond
(b) Bond energies of sigma and rr-bonds are of the order of 264 k.J/mol and 347 k.J/mol
(c) Free rotation of surrounding atoms about a sigma-bond is allowed but not in case of a
rr-bond
(d) Sigma:bon~ determines the direction between carbon atoms but a it-bond has no rimary
effect m this regard P
27. Assuming the bond direction to the z-axis, which of the overlapping of atomic orb· al f
atom (A) and (B) will resu 1t m · bo nd'mg ? 1t s o cwo
Lattice Energy
29. Incorrect statement is :
(a) AlF 3 > Mg0 > MgF 2 : Lattice energy
(b) Ll>Na>Al>Mg Electron affinity
(c) SF 6 > PF 5 > SiF 4 Lewis acidic character
(d) SiC1 4 > SiBr4 > Si1 4 Decreasing order of electronegativity of Si
Bond Angle
30. Which of the following set contains species having same angle around the central atom?
(a) SF 4 , CH 4 ,NH 3 (b) NF 3 , BC1 3 , NH 3
(c) BF 3 ,NF 3 ,A1Cl 3 (d) BF 3 ,BCl 3 ,BBr 3
31. Which of the following compound has the smallest bond angle (X - A - X) in each series
respectively?
(A) 0SF 2 0SO 2 OSBr 2
(B) Sb0 3 SbBr 3 Sbl 3
(C) PI 3 Asl 3 Sbl 3
(a) 0SF 2 , SbC1 3 and PI 3 (b) OSBr 2 , Sbl 3 and PI 3
(c) OSF2 , Sbl 3 and PI 3 (d) OSF 2 , SbCl 3 and Sbl 3
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Laval
1
Accordin~ to VSEPR model, molecules adopt geometries in which their valence e!ectron pairs
position themselves as far from each other as possible. The VSEPR model considers double
and triple bonds to have slightly greater repulsive effects than sing!e bonds. be~ause of the
repulsive effe~ of n-electrons. J-!~wever th:e lone pa~ creates the tnaX11!1um repulsJve effect.
·••1
According to VBT any covalent bond will be formed by overlapping of atomic orbitals of
bonded atoms provided atomic orbitals must be half-filled and electrons be in opposite spin.
According to type of overlapping covalent bonds can be classified as (a) o-bond (b) 1t-bond
(c) ~ -bond:
1. Which of the following set of orbitals does not produce nodal plane in xz-plane 7
(a) dy2: + dyz (b) dxy + dxy (c) P:r + d~ (d) None of these
2. The combination of orbital that can not produce non-bonding molecular orbital is (inter·
nuclear axis is z-axis):
(a) Pr +dx'--y2 (b) Pi: +dyz (c) s+dxz (d) d +d
3. If F2C 1 =C 2 part of F2C 1 =C 2 =C 3 =C 4F 2 lies in yz-plane, then incorrect :tare.:ent is :
(a) Nodal plane of rt-bond between C 1 and C 2 lies in yz-plane, formed by sideways
overlapping of p x -orbitals
(b) Nodal plane of 1t-bond between C 2 and C 3 lies in xz-plane, formed by sideways
overlapping of p y -orbitals
(c) Nodal plane of 1t-bond between C 3 and c,. lies in yz-plane, formed by sideways
overlapping of p Y -orbitals
(d) Nodal plane of 1t-bond between C 2 and C3 lies in xy-plane, formed by sideways
overlapping of p x -orbitals
·.;
If the cemral atom is of third row or below this in the periodic table, then lone pair will
occupy a steteocben:ucally ina,ctive s~orbital and bonding will be through almost pure
p-orbitals and bond angles ar~ nearly 900, if the sut>sti~ent'S; elecuc;:megativity value is ~ 2.5.
1. In which of the following option, covalent bond is having maximums% character?
(a) S - H bond in H 2S (b) P - H bond in PH 3
(c) N - H bond in NH 3 (d) All have equals% character
2. Select incorrect statement regarding P4 molecule.
(a) Each P atom is joined with three P.atoms
(b) P4 molecule contains total 12 bond angles
(c) Lone pair of each P atom is present in almost pure .s-orbital
(d) Lone pair of each P atom present in hybrid orbital
3. The hybridisation of atomic orbitals of central atom "Xe" in XeO 4 , XeO 2 F2 and XeOF 4
respectively.
·(a) sp3,sp3d2,sp3d2 (b) sp 3d, sp 3 d, sp 3 d 2
(c) sp 3,sp 3 d 2,sp 3 d (d) sp 3 ,sp 3 d, sp 3 d 2
4 . .....
According to V.B.T., atoms of element form bo~d 'only to -p~ir up their unpaired electrons
present in ground state or excited state. This pairing of ~paired electron will take place by
overlapping of orbitals each one having one unp'aire'd_. ~leC(!on ~th opposite spin. __
' 1. Which of the following orbital combination does not form 1t-bond?
(a) Px + Px sideways overlapping (b) dx2 -y2 + Py sideways overlapping
(c) d + d.xy sideways overlapping , (d) dyz + Py sideways overlapping
2. Whicli of the following orbital cannot form 5-bond?
(a) d 2 2 orbital (b) d .xy orbital
(c) dx2 -Orbital (d) dsx orbital
3. Whidl of the following combination of orbitals does not from any type of covalent bond (if z-
axis is molecular axis)?
(a) P, + P, (b) Py + P1
(c) s + Py (d) s + s
5
The space model which is obcained by joining the points representing ~ous bo~ded at~
gives the shape of the molecule. The geometry of the molecule IS definite re.Ian~
arrangement of the bonded atoms in a molecule. The shape and geomeay of a molecule IS
aplained by valence shell elearon pair repulsion theory given by Gill~ie, and Nyholm.
1.. Select the correct code for the following repulsion orders, according to VSEPR theory :
0) lone pair-looe pair > lone pair-bond pair
(I]) lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair
(Ill) lone pair-looe pair > bond pair-bond pair
(N) lone pair-bond pair > lone pair-lone pair
(a) I, II & ID (b) U & IV (c) I, II & IV (d) All
2. Which molecule bas both shape and geomecry identical?
(I) Sod 2 (II) :NH 3 (Ill) PCl 5 0V) SF6
(a) I, m & IV (b) II, m & IV
(c) m & IV (d) All
3. Which is nor the electron geomeay of covalent molecules?
(a) Pentagonal bipyramidal (b) Octahedral
(c) Hexagonal (d) Tetrahedral
6
When hybridisation involving d-orbitals are considered then all the five d-orbitals are not
degenerate, rather dx2-y2, d..2 and dxy. d,., du fonn two different sets of orbitals and orbitals
of appropriate set is involved in me hybridisation.
9 ' ~ \.
A covalent bond will be formed by the overlapping of atomic orbitals having single electron of
opposite spin, according to the overlapping of atomic orbitals the covalent bond may be of
two types:
(i) Sigma bond ( cr) (ii) Pi bond ( n)
Sigma bond is stronger bond than the Pi-bond. If atomic orbitals overlap about the nuclear
axis then sigma bond is formed but when atomic orbitals overlap sideway then Pi-bond is
fonned. -,it, .•i,,.a ..,:, • -1 • < • ~·
1, The correct order of increasing C - 0 bond length of CO, CO~- , CO2 is :
(a) co~- < co 2 < co (b) CO2< co~-< co
(~) co< co;-< CO2 (d) co< CO2< co~-
2. Compound having maximum bond angle is :
(a) BBr 3 (b) BC1 3
(c) BF3 (d) None of these
3. The strength of bonds fanned by 2s -2s, 2p -2p and 2p - 2s overlap has the order :
(a) s-S> p-p> p-s (b) s-s> p-s> p-p
(c) p - p > p-S> s-s (d) p- p > s-s > p -s
According to VBT the extent of overlapping depends upon types of orbitals involved in
overlapping and nature of overlapping. Mo.re will be the overlapping and the bond energy
will also be high. ·
1. The incorrect order of bond dissociation energy will be :
(a) H-H>Cl-Cl>Br-Br
(b) Si- Si> P- P > Cl-Cl
(c) C-C>N-N>O-O ·
(d) H - Cl > H - Br > H - I
2. Which of the following combination of orbitals does not fonn covalent bond (x-axis is inter
nuclear axis) :
(a) s + Py (b) Py + Py
(c) d,s + d,s (d) dxy + dxy
3. Which of the following compound does not form pn - pn bond ?
(a) SO 3 (b) NO 3
(c) SO~- _ _ __,.......,........._......,...~ (d) CO~-
,111111 11
Consider the following elements with their period number and valence electrons.
Elements Period number Total valence e-
p 2 4
Q 2 6
R 3 7
S 3 3
T 3 6
U 3 4
Ao:ordipg IO Che aiveJL&rafQl'Jllldau, IDIWlr CM.foJlowiu Q\lutiona :
1. Choose incorrect statement :
(a) R exhibits maximum covalency among all elements given
(b) Q does not exhibit variable covalency
(c) R exhibits minimum covalency among all elements given
(d) R and S combine each other and fonn SR 5 type of compound
2. Choose the correct statement :
(a) Q has maximum value of electron affinity
(b) R has maximum value of electronegativity
(c) S has maximum atomic size
(d) T and U are same group elements
3. Choose the incorrect statement :
(a) SR 3 is a hypovalent compound (b) UR 4 can act as a Lewis acid
(c) PQ 2 can not acts as Lewis acid (d) UR 4 > SR3 : Lewis acidic character
Hybridisation involves the mixing of orbitals having comparable energies of same atom.
Hybridised orbi!als perform efficient .overlapping than overlapping by pure s, p or d orbitals.
1. Which of the following is not correctly match between given species and type of overlapping,?
(a) XeO 3 : Three (d1t - pn) bonds (b) H 2SO 4 : Two (dn - pn) bonds
(c) SO 3 : Three (drr - p1t) bonds (d) HC1O 4 : Three (dn - pn) bonds
2. Consider the following compounds and select the incorrect statement from the following :
NH 3 , PH 3 , H 2S, SO 2 , SO 3 , BF 3 , PC1 3 , IF7 , P4 , H 2
(a) Six molecules out of given compounds involves hybridisation
(b) Three molecules are hypervalent compounds
(c) Six molecules out of above comp0unds are non-planar in structure
(d) Two molecules out of given compounds involves (dn - pn) bonding as well as also
involves (pn - pn) bonding
ONE OR MORE ANSWERS IS/ARE CORREa
H drogen Bond
1. In which of the following there is intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
(a) Water (b) Ethanol (c) Acetic add (d) H-F
Molecular Forces
2. Correct order of decreasing boiling points is :
(a) HF> HI> HBr > HCl (b) H 2O > H 2Te > H 2 Se > H2S
(c) Br 2 >Cl 2 >F 2 (d) CH 4 >GeH 4 >SiH4
H bridisation
3. In which species the hybrid state of central atom is/are sp 3 d?
(a) 13 - (b) SF 4 (c) PF 5
4. Select correct statement(s) is/are :
(a) In AsH 3 molecule lone pair at central atom is present in almost pure s-orbital
(b) Number of pn - dn bond in SO 3 and SO 2 are same
(c) NF 3 is better Lewis base than NC1 3
(d) Stable oxidation state of Lead is +2
Coot Bond
5. Which of the following species does/do not exist?
(a) OF 4 (b) NH 2 (c) NC1 5 (d) 1c1;-
6. Which of the following species is/are superoctet molecule?
(a) A1F 3 (b) SiC1 4 (c) XeF 2 (d) 1Cl 3
7. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
(a) A cr -bond is weaker than a 1t -bond
(b) There are four co-ordinate bonds in the NH~ ions
(c) The covalent bond is directional in nature
(d) HF is less polar than HCl
8. Which of the following species is/are capable of forming a coordinate bond with BF~?
(a) PH 3 (b) NH: (c) OH - (d) Mgl+
Ionic Bond
9. Ionic compounds in general do not possess :
(a) high melting points and non-directional bonds
(b) high melting points and low-boiling points
(c) directional bonds and low-boiling paints
(d) high solubilities in polar and non-polar solvents
1 o. Correct stability order of metal cation is/arc :
(a) Pb 2+ <Sn2+ (b) Pb 4 + <Pb2+ (c) Sn4+ <Snl+
Molecular/Geometry/Shape
11. Consider the following molecule :
H 2C = C = C = C = CF 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (S)
VSEPR Theory
15. Which of the following statements is correct ?
(a) ClF 3 molecule is bent T-shape
(b) In SF" molecule, F-S-F equatorial bond angle is 103° due to lp -lp repulsion
r
(c) In [IC1 4 molecular ion, Cl-I-Cl bond angle is 90°
(d) In OBr 2 , the bond angle is less than OC1 2
16. Which of the following combination of bond pair (b.p.) and lone pair (l.p.) give same shape?
(i) 3 b.p.+l l.p. (ii) 2 b.p.+2 l.p. (iii) 2 b.p.+l l.p. (iv) 2 b.p.+0 l.p.
(v) 3 b.p.+2 l.p. (vi) 2 b.p.+3 l.p.
(a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (iv) and (v) (c) (iv) and (vi) (d) (iii) and (vi)
17. Select the true statement(s) among the following :
I
(a) Pure overlapping of two dxy orbitals along x-axis results in the formation of n-bond
(b) No; > NO 3 > NO 2 is the correct order of bond angle as well as N-O bond order
(c) NF 3 < NC1 3 < NBr 3 < NI 3 is th"' corr~ct order of Lewis basic character as well as bond
angle
(d) HF > HCl > HBr > HI is the correct order of dipole moment as well as boiling point
-¥
(d) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are sigma bonds
22. Considcir the follow*: orbitals :
*x
x
1.
.
\ . .
~ ~ •. ,1; ...
(A) B 3 N 3H 6 (P) Planar geometry
(B) 1; (Q) Non-planar geometry
(C) B 2Cl 4 (Solid) :,,iq -~~ (R) Compound having coordinate bond
(D) SiF 4 1.,. :·:u, , ~•.v }.> n (S) Compound having back bond
CT) Non-polar compound
2. 'COJIIIIDl•I .· -~(H
..· 3
(A) Linear ,; (P)sp
(B) Angular (Q) sp3d2
(C) Square planar (R) sp 2
(D) Trigonal planar (S) sp 3 d
4. Colamn. ~JI .
(A) Hypo phosphoric acid (P) All hydrogen are ionizable in water
(B) Pyro phosphorous acid (Q) Lewis acid in water
(C) Boric acid (R) Monobasic
3
(D) Hypo phosphorous acid (S) sp -hybridised central atom
s. Callllllll-B
(A) NH 2 (P) Square pyramidal
---·--------~--""'
(B) XeOF 2 (Q) V-shaped
(C) ICL, (R) T-shaped
(D) [SbFs]2- (S) Square planar
·.;,_~~-
. CHEMICAL BONDING (Basic) 77
6. Cobonn-J
(A) 1c1 2 (P) Linear
(B) BrF; (Q) Pyramidal
(C) CIF 4- (R) Tetrahedral
(D) A1Cl 4 (S) Square planar
m Angular
7. '('.ola...,,.Q
-~--~-~·
(A) Re 2c1;- (P) pn - pn bonding
(B) N0 3 (Q) pn -dn bonding
'I
(C) so!- CR) dn - dn bonding
(D) S0 3 CS) o-bonding
8. Column-D
(Bond order rapge} ) (Oxyanions)
(A) 1.0 to 1.30 I (P) N0 3
'I
(B) 1.31 to 1.55 i'-
,(;
CQ) c10:;
(C)
(D)
1.56 to 1.70
1.71 to 2.0
t
../
;
' (R) PO!"°
(S) Cl0 3
l
~i. en so!-
9.
b . 1 · · ,,;.,:gi'·
C«Lamg. .. ~-. .JIJ. Colamn-D
(A) Asoi- l · (P) All three p-orbitals used in
·\ hvbridisation
(B) ' (Q) Tetrahedral shape
ICI~ i
(C) SOF 4 \ CR) Axial d-orbital with two nodal cones
i.; used in hvbridisation
(D) XeOF 4 •· (S) All bond lengths are identical
,· ' (T) p1t -d1t bond(s) present
- .. m Planar
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY --
11. Colamn•D
orbitals (lntemuclear
axis)]
(A) rr-bond (P) dyz + p 1 , (z)
(B) o-bond (Q) S+Px,(y)
(C) 5-bond (R) dyz + dyz, (x)
(D) Non-bonding (S) s + s, (z)
m s+dry, (y)
12.
(A) XeF 5 (P) d-orbital with zero nodal plane is used
in hybridisation
(B) PBr; (Q) Non-axial d-orbital is used in
hvbridisation
(C) IOF 3 (R) Planar species
(D) NH 2 (S) Non-planar species
(T) Bond angle 109°28' or less than
109°28'
13. Collllbn-D
(A) I02F2 (P) Trigonal pyramidal shape
(B) IOF 4 (Q) Square pyramidal shape
(C) Se0F 2 (R) See-saw shape
(D) Xe0F 2 (S) Non-planar
m One of the bond angle < 90°
If value of n is 4, then calculate value of "p -;- cf' here, 'p' is total number of bond pair and ,
'q' is total number of lone pair on ce~1tral atoms of compounds (A) to (E).
2. Consider the following five groups (According to modem periodic table) of elements with
their increasing order of atomic numbers :
Group 1 ➔ A, B, C, D, E Group 2 ➔ F, G, H, I, J
Group 13 ➔ K, L, M, N, 0 Group 15 ➔ P, Q~R, S, T Group 17 ➔ U, V, W, X, Y
If first and last element of each group belongs to 2nd and 6th period respectively and Z
represents to carbonate ion (CO~-) then consider the following orders.
(i) 0 + > H 2+ ; Polarising power
3
(ii) T J+ > S3• >R • ; Stability of cation
(iii) u-(aq) > v-(aq) > w-(aq) > x-(aq); Size
-
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
P2 Ql Polar Non-Planar
P3 Q2 - Non-Polar Non-Planar
_____.,,
Then according to given information calculate value of expression p 2 x (P3 -Pi)
(Ql + Qz)
s. What is covalency of chlorine atom in second excited state?
6. Sum of CJ and n-bonds in NH: cation is ... ..
7. Calculate the value of X -Y, for XeOF 4 • (X= Number of CJ bond pair and Y= Number oflone
pair on central atom)
s. The molecule ML x is planar with 6 electron pairs around M in the valence shell. The value of x
is :
X+Y+Z .
9. Calculate value of , here X 1s 0-N-O bond angle in NO; y is O-N-O bond
10
angle in NO; and Z is F - Xe - F adjacent bond angle in XeF •
4
10. Calculate x + y + z for H 3PO 3 acid, where xis no. of lone pairs y 1·
, s no. o f CJ bon d s an d z 1s
· n0 ·
of n bon d s.
11. How many right angle, bond angles are present irt TeF 5 molecular ion?
12. How may possible L FSeF bond angles are present in SeF mot
4 ecu1e.?
13. In IF 6 and TeF5, sum of axial d-orbitals which are used in hyb 'd' . . . .
n 1sanon m both species.
14. Among the following, total no. of planar species is:
(i) SF 4 (ii) BrF 3 (iii) XeF
2 (iv) lF 5
(v) SbF4 (vi) SFs (vii) SeFj
(viii) CHi
1 S. Calculate the value of " x + y - z" here x, y and z are total number of non-bonded electron
pair(s), pie(re) bond(s) and sigma(cr) bonds -in hydrogen phosphite ion respectively.
16. Consider the following table
Total number of electron pairs Total number of Shape
(I. p. + a-bond) lone pairs
I
1. (b) 2. (a) ,· 3. (a) i 4. (d) ' · · 5. (a) e. (d) ' · 7. (c) 8. (a) 1
9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) • 15. (a) 18. (c) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (d) . 23; (c) • 24. (c) ; 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c) ' 30. (d)
31, (a) 32. (b) 33. (b) ,: 34, (c) 35, (b) 36. (a) 37. (a) ~ 38. (c) 39. , (c) , 40. (c)
41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (d) : 44; (c) 45.- (d) 46. (c) 47. 1 (b) ' 48. (d) 49. (c) · 50. (d)
51. (d) 52. (d) 53. (a) ., 54. (a) 55. (b) : 56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (a)
61. (a) 62. (c) 63. (c) '.: 64. (b) 65. (b) 66. (c) 67, (b) : 68. (c) 69. (a) · 70. (d)
71. (b) , 72. (b) 1 73. (b) 74. ' (a) 75. (a) . '76. ! (b) 77. (c) ; 78. (c) 79: · (c) so.' (d)
81. (b) 82. (b) 83: (d) • " 84., (d) • 85. (a) .. 86. (c) 87. (d) 1 88, (a) 89._' (c) 90. (c)
91. (c) 92. (a) 93. (b) :. ·, 94, (b) 95.' (a) , 96. (b) : 97.·. (a) : 98. (a) 99. (c) 100.· (a)
101. (a) 102. (d) 103.' (c) 104. (b) ·., 105.: (b) ; , 106. (b) 107. (d) ~ 108. , (d) 109." (a) 110,'. (a)
' t \ L " • · , ~ ; f I • 4
111. (d) 112. (c) 113. (c) · 114. (b) : 115. (d) . 116. (d) : 117. (c) : 118. {d) 119. (b) ' 120. (c)
• ' ' \ • 1
121, (a) 122. (d) ' · 123. (b) : 124~ (c) ' · ·__ , ··.• ., .~ , : :. • • ' - • ·- . · ' -
2 • .J ... -- .,,. ..
. 9.
. t:. 10•
I
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) ' 5., (a) 6. , (c) I 7." (c) 8., (d) (b) (b)
I
,•! : •
11. (b) . 12. (d) 13. (d) , 14;' (b) ' 15. (d) 16. (c) \' ,17. (c) 18. (c) 0 19. (b) ; 20. (d)
1, A
\' ( I ''
t' ~
;
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (d) ~ 24. (c) 25. (c) 26.' (b) ' 27.
, .,
(d)
I
28.' (b) 29. (c) ·:. 30., (d)
~
l
31. (d)
Level . -- .. .- ~ ..
(d)
~- ~.. ~
Pusage-3 1. (c) (d)
, ',
9. A➔ P, Q,S, T; B ➔ P,S ; C ➔ P , R. T; D ➔ P, R. T
10. A➔ Q , R, T; B ➔ P, S, T; C ➔ S,T; D ➔ Q, R. T
11. A➔ P; B➔ S ; C ➔ R; D ➔ Q, T
12. A➔ P, Q, R, T; B ➔ S, T; C ➔ P,S,T; D➔ R. T
13. A➔ R. S, T; B ➔ Q , S, T ; C ➔ P , S; D➔ T
Subjective, Problems
1. 4 2. 4 or 16 3. 2 4.4 5.5 6.4 7. 4
8. 4 9.39 10. 13 11. 0 12.6 13.4 14.3
15. 3 16.2 17. 0 18. 2 19.4 20. 1 21. 1
22. 8 23. 2 24. 0 25. 5 26. 3 27. 3
_. • '\,Y -•••• ., • .,.• .,• ••1•••., :•.. •r "'r • ,., ,• " ~-. ••• 'I •• It
Level 1 ' . -. ::. ~'. :r1~_lP•_r,:~.~-·f;\1~f ;.1..~~ :· 1 ~- ~, "'' n• PJtJ Jr 71'.!i·.~-:~r'.l • ·~-~! t)J ( {t-~_;JtJ't ~: ... .~,· . ,
t 1 ( Tj(
4. (d) Strength of H-bonding is higher in Hp, than Hp 2 because the amount of formal negative charge on
oxygen atom in case of water is more than that of Hp 2. ..
/H
&-o
6&-
H/
8. (a) - ,' I
0 i .• ,,
II 6+ 6-
(a) CH 3 -C-O-H ...... O-H (b), (c), (d) ➔ No scope of ~ydrogen bonding
I
H
13. (c)
0 F
II ·I
(a) Xe (d) ....-----c-........_
~II~ F I F
0 F
F~F
180'
µ=0
Cl
·--... _I .-· -•
15. (a) Q... C .... .0 is linear and / f"' is trigonal planar hence net polarity of both
µ= ° Cl ~ Cl µ =0
molecules is zero.
16. (c) The net polarity of angular molecule~ SO 2 and SC1 2is not equal to zero.
17, (c)
I' H . &-
3+ 6-
(a) H-Cl (b) Br-Cl
s6++
(d) 6-Cl / -........_Cl&- [EN cs>< ENcCl)J
1•
18. (d) Strength of molecular forces : ·
Ion-dipole > dipole-dipole > ion-induced dipole>dipole-induced dipole > London forces.
21. (d) Correct order of molecular force: HP > 0 Br2 > O(C H3)2
H-bonds Dipole-dipole
« molecular mass
22. (d) HCl is highly soluble in water because it ionise in water and fonn ion-dipole interaction with water.
23. (c) Among given solid, molecular solid is weak, hence, it has low melting point.
24. (c) London dispersion force o: molecular mass of covalent molecule.
25. Cb) HCl has least boiling point among all halogen acids because it contains V.W. force never contains
H-bond HCl < HBr < HI < HF .
V.W,fome H-bond
27. (c) CO, CO 2 and Pp 5 are covalent compounds having their molecular lattice . But Si0 2 is a covalent
compound having 3-dimensional network structure and it has covalent lattice, so M.P. of Si0 2 is
maximum.
33. (b) NH3 + H+ ----+ NH~
sp3 sp3
2NH 3 ? NH 2 + NH:
spl sp3 spl
H 3B0 3 +0W----. [B(OH)4 r
: sp2 spl
HP +H+ ? H 30+
spl sp3
2
40. (c) By sp -hybridisation.
Hybridisation orbital =3 [3o-bonds] Unhydrised orbital = 1 [11t-bond]
H H 0
I II I
41- (c) H - /
11
-0-H -cc 2
(.(s~ (si})
H~H
H
48. (d) In SiCl 4 difference between eleetronegativity of Si (1.8) and chlorine (3 0) is hi h . .
compounds. · g er than mother given
49. (c) More effective axial and sideways overlapping between atomic orbital f b0
atom is higher due to smaller size of oxygen atom. Oxygen is more ele~t car ~ a nd tbose of oxygen
due to these factors CO has highest bond energy. ronegattve than oxygen atom,
50. (d)
0
II F'\.
(a) o~Tll-.......,0 04e-, hypervalent), Cb) p/B- F (6e·, hypovalent)
o-
8
0
II
(c) -o/ fi '---o- (12e- , hypervalent)
0
F
. 1/F,
St. (d) In C s ~ molecule central S~atom is surrounded· by 10 valence electrons and it is hypervale'nt
"\.
1 compound. ' ·· ·
F I
52. (d) Due to presence of vacant d-orbital excitation occurs in Cl-atom and it can have more than eight
valence electrons when it is fonning hypervalent compound like HCIO 4 •
53. (a) Bond polarity is directly related to difference of electronegativity of bonded atoms.
54. (a) The set of compounds BC1 3 , SiC1 4 , PC1 3 are predominatly covalent compounds. NH 4Br and Nal ionic
compounds and Al contains metallic lattice.
ss. (b) Maximum covalency of oxygen atom is three, hence OF4 does not exist.
58. (b) A2+ + Bci- ⇒ A3(BC 4 ) 2
59. (d) Among given non-·metals, O-atom has high electron affinity and strong ionic bond is ~ormed between Al
and O-atom.
0 O" o-
II h+ .. i-~ ~+
63. (c) Nt___ - -
/
-o✓ 'a -- cf' '-o-
-o 0
Number of resonating structures= 3
~
N
64. (b) F ..-•'T'- F
.F
Pyramidal liigonal planar
Tetrahedron Tetrahedral
Cl (:J
Cl--....
I
r.-.. N oe
(c)
Cl
..,....a-cl \:...lB-Cl
QI
(d) H/l'H
,; H
'N=O
a.,.,...
' Cl Pyramidal , Trigonal planar
liigonal planar
Bent•T-Shape
'1 'l
' I
n 1 .t t.
88 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
80. (d)
Q' . ·Q
Q Ge
(a) [Cl - I- Cl]- (b) H-C=C-H (c) F-Xe-F Cd) ci.,,,--- '---er
(}\;) Linear O"v> Bent shape
Linear Linear
I i
(c) / Cl~ (Trigonal pyramidal)
-o 11 o F/ '---F ,
0
• J •
Br . i ..
IA 1 ..,
, , ,
Br
99. (c) CIF3 r-t~ X =3 +.!. [7 -3) =(3a-bonds + 2 lone pairs) (sp 3d-hybridisation)
2
.. J
I
H Q
le H/C~H
101. (a) H/C'-..H
H
(sp 3 -hybrid) (sp 3 -hybridised)
(Trigonal planar) (Trigonal pyramidal) . l'.:,I . !l . 1_>{,
.... ·.
102. (d ) • I
l
Bond pairs = 2, Lone '"pairs ;, 2
.. .. ..
{d):O=O ➔ Q: Bond pairs =3 Lone pairs =6
'
103. (c) Stability order of carbon family hydride Silane > German > Stannane > Pl~mbane
107. (d) lncorrea overlaps (if intemulcear axis = Z) :
I ' If ..
(B) 2px +2px ⇒ n-bond; (C) 3~ +3dxy ⇒ 6-bond; (D) 2s +2py ⇒ No bond fonnntion.
~f)
0
109 .(a) H-C/ ' c - H Number of a-bonds= 14
H-c/ ' / 'c-H
H/ '\. H H . / '-.. H
H H
- ....-.,,...
.,,-.~.
+ 0 0
t
N
(b) 0 ~ 0
180"
(c) O~N-.,0_
< 120"
Cd>o~o-
120"
Level 2
1. (d) Correct order of B.P.
CH 3 N 3 < HN 3
Among CH 3N 3 there are dipole-dipole interaction while among HN 3 intennolecular H-bonding occurs.
2. (a)<E!>--<J3) ·
London forces between two 12 molecules in solid lattice.
9, (b) (a) Cl0 3 B.0. = 1.66
(b) Cl0 3 8.0. = 2 (max.)
(c) Cl0 2 8.0. = 1.75
' "·'. '
.
(d) Cl0 2 B.0. = 1.5
F---+---F.
: '-.I/ ·..F
(c) JF7 / "/
:F---t--·F Number of atoms in (X-Y) plane= 5
hence, µ =0 _, 1 1.
,_
• '.. f - '
➔ sp 2 [s +any two p]
➔ sp [s +P;r +Py+ P:rl
3
(c) H 2 C- CH =CH 2
spJ ,pi
(d) HJ:= SH -
sy
C2H
•P
= CH2
23. (d) Two different non-axial d-orbitals will lie in planes perpendicular to each other hence, such d-orbital
will not form it-bond .
24. (c) C:
252
C (In ground state) [fl] It I2pr1 I
C (In excited state) [I] It [i i t I
2s 2p
In the unhybridized state of carbon, 2 p orbitals are 90° to one another and each one will overlap with ls
orbital of three hydrogen atoms, thus three C-H bonds are formed which are 90° to one another. For
the fourth hydrogen atom, itS ls orbital may overlap with non-directional 2s orbital of the carbon and
this a-bond will be stronger than aC-H bonds formed by 2p-ls overlap. In such situation CH 4
molecule can never has tetrahedral geometry.
28. (b) d 2 can not form Tl' as well &-bond but it can form a-bond.
29. (c) Correct order of Lewis acidic character : PF5 > SiF4 > SF6 • Although, S has vaccant 3d-orbitals but it
cannot accept co-ordinate bond from Lewis base due to steric crowding factor as S-atom is already
bonded to six F-atoms.
31. (d) Order of decreasing bond angle.
f)s >
f)s >
(a) ✓ I "'- Br
Br
cl'ClI"'- Cl On the basis of electronegativity of halogens
f) 0· A
(c) I
/P"'-
l I
>
I l
/As"'-
I
>
I
/'si,,
1
1
I
Involvement of ••orbital in hybridisadon deaeuea downward in a group
Level 3
Passage-1
1. (d)
2. (d)
~T.B.P. structure
I c
\'.
I
-y-.
+: I
..,'"\
\
l I ~-- - ⇒ Triangular pyramid - ' -
; ... ' "
3. (d)
'O 0
II II
~ ..,.......s, Room
..,.......s....,___
II
+ 2HC1
Cl II Cl Temp. HO
o ''
OH
, .
.
0
• IT
Hyb: sp 3
(No. of pn-dn bonds =2)
Passage-2
...
1 (d)
a d,_ +d;rs
J 1; J .... .,
lnt.emudear
.
y-axis
Noclalplalle
xy x-axis xy and n
s-axls X%
b ~axil .xzandyz
¾,+<4, x-axis XI
y-axis ys
C P:r +¾, x-axis :a: No. c>-bond formation
2. (d) (a) ⇒ Py +dX 2 -y 1 : can produce non:~nding if inter-nuclear axis is either .r,, y or z-axis
(b) ⇒ p~ + dys : can produce non-bonding if inter-nuclear axis is either .r,, y or z-axis
Passage-10
1. (b) Bond dissociation energy : Cl - Cl > P - P > Si - Si
Non-bonding
3. (c)
(a) S0 3 No. of p1t - p1t = 1, p1t-d1t =2
(b) N0 3 No. of p1t - prt = 1, p1t-d1t =0
(c) sot No. of p1t - p1t '"'0, p1t -dn: = 2
Cd) cor No. of p1t - p1t :a: 1, p1t-d1t =O
Passage-11
1. (d) Code element Actual element
p C
Q 0 exhibits only covalency = 2;
c -,; •• n:.
R Cl ~inimum coval~ncy =1;
s Al maximum covalency =7
T s .. l
u Si
Rand Swill combine as SR 3 not as SR 5 •
2. (c) Maximum electron affinity is of R. · M~~ electr~negativity is of Q
T and U belong to different groups.
3. (c) SR 3 : A1Cl 3 UR 4 : SiC1 4 PQ2 : CO 2 can act as Lewis acid.
Lewis acidic character of SiC1 4 > AICI 3
1·, '"
Passage-12
1. (c)
A ,: .
(a) ,,f'Xe~ ,: Three (d1t - p1t) bonds
o II o
0
0
' JI ., ... .
(b) /S~ O Two ( d1t - p1t) b?nds
HO OH
0
II .
(d) /C~O Three (d1t - p1t) bonds
HO O < . 1
· •.
·
_,
2. (c)
(a) Involvement of hybridisation (NH 3 , S02, S0 3 , BF3 , PC1 3 , IF,)
(b) Hypervalent compounds (S02, S0 3 , IF,)
(c) Non-planar molecules (NH 3 , PH 3 , PC1 3 , IF,, P4 )
Cd) SO 2 [one (p1t ~ pn) bond and one (dn-p1t) bond], SO 3 [one (p1t-p1t) bond and two (dn - pn)
bonds]
ONE OR MORE ANSWERS IS/ARE CORRECT ,Jj • '.1 t,,.. .•
4. (a, d)
Correct statement is:
(b) Number of p1t -d1t bond(s) in SO 3 is two an<;!. in SO 2 is one
(c) Lewis basic order: NC1 3 > NF3
10. (b, d) .•;
4
Due to phenomenon of inen pair effect Pb 2+ is more stable than Pb + •
12. (a, b, ,c)
~
S ➔ Hyb. of S : sp2; shape : Bent ,
o~o ' ' ··
➔ Hyb. of S : sp3; shape: Bent
I )
➔ CL > j3 ·'· ., '. f
) t .l
I,.
,. µ -; 'It
l f •I ••
17. (a,c)
(a)*x
y
(b)O ~O
+ 0N
1ao· -
0 ~
<120° 0
(c) NF3 < NC1 3 < NBr3 < NI 3 (As E.N. value ofC.A. J, bond angle and Lewis basic charact~rl)
(d) HF>HCl>HBr>HI (Dipolemomentorder) ·1,:•·r:-;•I' ,, ··!n, ;.
HF > HI > HBr > HCl (Boiling point order)
22. (a, c, d)
.. : ,1
(a) Pz + Py ⇒ Non-bonding if internuclear axis is x-axis I :1, ; 1"'·:1 , ·n n · ;1•
(b) Py+~ ⇒ Form non-bonding if internuclear axis is x-axis 1
f• 1Z~ J\J 1
>i 1, :_; / t rl1 ~ ~(l)
(c) ~ +~ ⇒ Can form 6-bond if internuclear axis is y-axis ·11 ''•:; )-t· I, •
(d) Pz +~ ⇒ Can form 1t-bond, if internuclear axis is x-axis. 7 -·
23. (a, c)
t 1 • I ' :iJ > O l • 11
s + P1: : Non-bonding; s +s : cr-bond; Pz + Px : Non-bonding; d.y + Py : rt-bond
24. (a, b, ,c ,d) , - - , r , i , ·..• ; ,,1._, e.l
1 1
It has two angular nodes modified in shap~ of nodal ~~nes. ' ' ·
One lobe is dumb-bell shape while the other is in the shape of circular ring (in XY plane)
. .:it:;,;\
~
'•I I c\',, H: ' : ,o,I•.
J-J•:):
,,._. , .,_ /-r\
!, I j
·..: "~ • ~ ••
f I
H
I
B-
H+'N/ ').,i).-H
1. (A) I I. Il - ,
H/B~N~~H J
1+
H I
Vsp3 ~ sp3
(B) Pyrophosphoric Acid (H 4P.:P 5 ) HO-r-o-r-OH ; Basicity = 2
H H
H 3BO 3 + OW ~ [B(OH) 4 r
(LA) (L.B.) borate ion
Wsp3
(D) Hypophosphorus acid (H 3P0 2 ) HO-r -H; Basicity =1
H
o-
0 1 I
t -:;::::;,Cl~
8. ⇒ O~N........._ _ B.O.ofN-0=1.33 ⇒ O 0
II O B.O. of Cl - O = 1 75
.
0
0
n 0
⇒
-o/ Ii'I '--o-
o-
B.Oof P-0 =1.25 ⇒ _O.,........ i
Cl
~O B.O. of Cl-0 ==1.67
~ ~-==================99=
0
sII ... ' I
• ,. ti
⇒ -o/ 11 '----0-B.OnfS-O =1.50
0
Hybridisation of As : sp 3 t I
Shape: Tetrahedron
All As---0 bonds are of equal length due to resonance
. Number of p1t-d1t bond= 1
Hydridisation : sp 3
Shape : V-shape
All I-Cl bonds are of equal length.
' 1 1C•
J 1 1 • • j.• 1 r I l _. 1 \ I~ ' I 11
3
Hybridisation of S : sp d (SP:r:Py + Psdz2)
Shape : T.B.P.
:J
Number of prt - dn bond = 1
Hybridisation of Xe : sp 3d 2 (==SPxPyP~d 2 2 d 2)
'• J i ! , ' '.l :r-y s
Shape : Square pyramidal
Number of prt -drt bond = 1
.\ t;:1,~•"'l :,r~
,-,\,. < ~ ·, .,,.\J
1\ .-:, •• •
12.
sp 3 d 3 -hybridisation (s + Px + p,, +Pz +dX 2 -y 2 +dZ 2 +d,.y), d-orbital with zero nodal
Plane (ds 2 ) and non-axial d-orbital (d,.y) used in hybridisation.
Planar.
Bond angle, 72°
(b) B,✓t~Brj+
Br
Hybridisation sp3d (s + Px + P:1 + Ps + ~)
Non-planar species
IJ
Bond angle 109°28'
Hybridisation sp 3
Planar
Bond angle < 109°28'
- F/ F O
F
(d) XeOFz:
_10
0-Xet's. Bent-T-shape, Planar
I \d
F l •r
12 .
F
1~v;/t
"-xe . i Hybridisation of Xe: sp'd', shape: square plana,
Fk'.:t)-~ F
SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS :
1. b.p. l.p.
(A) XeF4 4 2
(B) XeF5 5 1
(C) XeF5 5 2
(D) XeF6 6 I
(E) XeFf- 8 1
28 7
p 28
::::> -=-=04 ·-· ,(
q 7 ., I
- 1 __ ....J..",!
2. G-1 A(Li), B(Na), C(K), D(Rb), E(Cs)
G-2 F(Be), G(Mg), H(Ca), I(Sr), J(Ba)
G-13 K(B), L(Al), M(Ga), N0n), O(Tl)
G-15 P(N), Q(P), R(As), S(Sb), T(Bi)
G-17 U(F), V(CJ), W(Br), X(I}, Y(At)
(i} Tl• > Ca 2•; Polarising power (T)
(ii) Bi 3 • > Sbl+ > As 3 •; Stability of cation (T)
(iii) p-(aq)> Cr(aq)> Br-(aq)> naq); Size (T)
(iv) BaCl 2 > SrC1 2 < MgCl 2 < AlCl 3 ; Covalent nature (T)
(v) MgCO 3 > CaCO 3 > SrCO 3 > BaCO 3 ; Thermal stability (F)
{vi) LlCI > NaCl > KCI > RbCI >CsCI; Thermal stability (T)
(vii) K 3N > Na 3N > LI 3 N; Lattice energy (P)
(viii) BF3 < BC1 3 < BBr1 < 81 3 ; Melting point (T)
⇒ IP - q 12 16 - 2 12 .. 16
3. SO 2,HCHO
4. P1 =3, P2 =5, Qi. ::2, P3 =7, ~ =3
=5(7 -3) =4 '" 1I
3+2
1. X = 5 and Y =1
so, X - Y = 5 - 1 = 4 ·
9, X = 120 (sp 2-hybridization)
Y= 180 ( sp-hybridization)
Z = 90 ( sp 3 d2-hybridization)
120 +180 +90 = 390 = 39
10 10
x=7,y=l,z =5
7+1-5 ⇒ 3
16. p = 3, q =S, r = 2
s =6, t =2
3+5+2-6-2 ⇒ 2
I.
11.
H H
21.
H*H
H :--...._
H
I
H
x = 12
Hy
H-~ I
H y = 11
'
-lx-yJ=l
3 2
22. (i) IF5(sp 3 d) (ii) Cll4(sp d ) (iii) Xe0:f2(sp 3d) (iv) NH 2(sp 3 )
(v) BC1 3(sp )2 (vi) BeC1 2(sp) (vii) Asc1:csp 3 ) (viii) B(Olih(sp2)
2
(ix) N0 2(sp 2) (x) cIO;(si, )
2
x = (sp 3 )2 +sp 3 d(l)+sp 3d (2) = 5
y =4, z = 1; 5+4-1=8
23. Xe0 4 , Xefi
F F 0
Q
[~119]+
#0 1 F,__i/F II
C>Xe~ I Xe
Sn
I ~o Cl/ ....____Cl
F/6"-F ~II~
F I/ ' I 0
-sp 3d -sp2 -sp3d2 -sp3 -sp3
-polar -polar -polar -polar -polar
F + F
~~
-sp2
Q
Sn
-polar
I F, I /F
F7Xe,
F I F
-sp3d3
-non-polar
F
([>Se/
-sp 3d
-polar ·
I
I
F
'F
F
S0 3 1, .i 2.00
Poi- .! • 1.25
Xe0 3 2.00 ., ,..
co~- 1.33 ;,j,f
',
First Introducing Question
1. On decreasing internuclear distance below, the optimum distance (where potential energy is
minimum), there is steep increase in potential energy due to :
(a) Increase in force of attraction between electrons and nucleus
(b) Increase in stability of bonded atoms
(c) Equal probability of finding bonding electrons near to either of nuclei
(d) Increase in interelectronic and internuclear repulsions
Hybridisation
12. 1\vo hybrid orbitals have a bond angle of 120°. The percentage of s-character in the hybrid
orbital is nearly:
(a) 25% (b) 33% (c) 50% (d) 66%
13. The state of hyl>ridisation of central atom in dimer of BH 3 ·and BeH 2 is : ,
2 3
(a) sp 2 ,sp 2 (b) sp 3 ,sp 2 (c) sp 3 ,sp 3 ... , . (d) sp ,sp
:i ·.
14. In NO 2 molecule N atom undergoes in :
(a) sp 3 hybridization ' ' (b) sp 2 hybridization , '
' .o
(c) sp hybridization (d) sp 2 d hybridization , ,
I f
Bond Length
15. The strongest P-O bond is found in the molecule :
(a) p pQ (b) Cl 3PO (c) Br 3 PO (d) (CH 3 ) 3 PO
3
16. o F is an unstable yellow orange solid and H 2 0 2 is a colourless liquid, both have 0-0 bond
a;d 1-o bond length in H 2 0 2 and O 2F2 respectively is : 1
(a) 1.22A.,1.48A. (b) l.4BA,1.22A. ,, ·
Cc) 1.22 A, 1.22 A Cd) 1.48 A, 1.48 A. . .
17. The bond le.ngth of the S-O bond is ,maximum in which of the follo~ing compound~?
(a) SOC1 2 (b) SOBr 2 .
(c) SOF (d) All have same length
2
Bond Angle
18. L FAsF bond angle in AsF 3 Cl 2 molecule is : 0
(a) 90° and 180° (b) 120° (c) 90° (d.) 180°
19. Which of the .following has largest bond angle?
(a) H 20 (b) F20 (c) Cl20
Molecular Forces
20. The boiling points of noble gases are illustrative of the operation ° _f forces of th e type :
(a) ion-dipole (b) dipole-indu~.!d dipole
(c) ion-induced dipole (d) London dispersion forces
21. Among the following, which has the lowest enthalpy of fusion ?
(a) Fluorine (b) Hydrogen (c) Chlorine (d) Helium
Hydrogen Bonding
22. Out of the two compounds shown below, the vapouc pressure of B at a pan:icular temperature
is expected to be :
. r8YOH r8YOH
~ and
(¾N ~NOi
(A) (B)
(a) higher than that of A
, l) lower than that of A
le) same as that of A
(d) can be higher or lower depending upon the size of the vessel
23. The crystal lattice of ice is mostly formed by :
(a) ionic forces (b) covalent bonds
(c) intramolecular H-bonds (d) covalent as well as H-bonds
24. The boiling points of methanol, water and dimethyl ether are respectively 65°C, 100°c and
34.SOC. Which of the following best explains these wide variations in b.p.?
(a) The molecular mass increases from water (18) to methanol (32) to diethyl ether (74)
(b) The extent of H-bonding decreases from water to methanol while it is absent in ether
(c) The extent of intramolecular H-bonding decreases from ether to methanol to water
1
(d) The density of water is 1.00 g mL- , methanol 0. 7914 g ml..- l and that of diethyl ether is
0.7137 gmL- 1
25. In ice, the length of H-bonds :
(a) is less than that of covalent bonds ·
(b) is greater than that of covalent bonds
(c) is same as that of covalent bonds
(d) can be less greater or same as that of covalent bonds
26. The correct order of the strength of H-bonds is :
(a) H ... P > H ... 0 > H .. . N (b) H ... N > H ... O > H _.. F
(c) H .. . O>H ... N>H ... F (d) H ... F>H ... N>H ... O
27. o-nitrophenol can be easily steam distilled whereas p-nitrophenol cannot be. This is because
of:
(a) strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in o-nitrophenol
(b) strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in o-nitrophenol
(c) strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in p-nicrophenol
(d) dipole moment of p-nitrophenol is larger than that of o-nitrophenol
28. What is not true about ice?
Ca) It has open cage like structure Cb) It has less density than water
Cc) Each O atom is surrounded by 4 H atoms Cd) Each O atom has four H-bonds around it
29. •When ice melts to form liquid water at 0° C, there is a contraction in volume. This is due to :
Ca) the molecules contracting in size
Cb) a partial disruption of the hydrogen bonded network of ice on melting
Cc) the absorption of heat during the melting process '
Cd) the dissolving of air into the water during the melting process
• 1 _·
Fajan's Rule (Ionic Bond)
30. In an ionic compound A+ x- the degree of covalent bonding is greatest when :
(a) A+ and x- ion are small
Cb) A+ is small and x- is large
Cc) A+ and x- ions are approximately of the same size
(d) x- is small and A+ is large •' ' ·
31. In which of the following species the bonds are non-directional?
Ca) NC1 3 Cb) RbCl (c) BeCl 2 · (d) BC1 3
32. Which of the following when dissolved in water forms a solution which is non-conducting?
Ca) Green vitriol · ,~ ' (b) Chile or Indian saltpetre
(c) Alcohol Cd) Potash alum
33. Which of the following statements about LiCl and NaCl is wrong? , JI
(a) LiCl has lower melting point than NaCl .
(b) LiCl dissolves more in organic solvebts whereas NaCl does not
(c) LiCl would ionise in water less than NaCl
Cd) Fused LiCl would be less conducting than fused NaCl
34. Which of the following substances has the highest melting point?
Ca) NaCl Cb) KCl --· (c)' MgO : . ;, · '' Cd) BaO
35. The stability of ionic crystal principally depends on :
(a) high electron affinity of anion forming SJ>E:C~~s
(b) the lattice energy of crystal '· ·· · ' '~ 1•
Bock Bond
44. In which of the following compounds B-F bond length is shortest?
(a) BF 4 (b) BF 3 ~ NH 3
(c) BF 3 (d) BF 3 ~ N(CH 3 ) 3
Di ole Moment
45. Which of the following pair of molecules will have permanent dipole moment?
(a) N0 2 and CO 2 (b) N0 2 and 0 3
(c) SiF ◄ and CO 2 • (d) SiF 4 and NO 2
46. The dipole moment of Hd is 1.03 D , if H- Cl bond distance is 1.26 A, what is the percentage
of ionic character in the H-Cl bond?
(a) 60o/o (b) 39% (c) 29% (d) 17%
47. The dipole moment of o, p and m-dichlorobenzene will be in the order :
~)o>p>m (b)p>o>m
(a) BF 1 (b) NH 3
(d) o>m >p
Which of the following molecules bas highest dipole moment?
(c) NF 3 (d) BiHt>
In terms of polar character, which of the following order is correct?
(a) NH 3 <H:z0<HF<H2S (b) H 2S<NH 3 <H.,O<HF
(c) H;.iO < NH 3 < H:zS < HF (d) HF< H 2O < NH~1 < H 2s
so. The correct order of dipole momenr is :
(a) CH 4 < NF 3 < NH 3 < H 20 (b) NF1 < CH ◄ < NH3 < H20
(c) NH 3 < NF 3 < CH 4 < H:zO (d) H20 < NH3 < NF3 <CH"
Resonance
S 1. The correct order of 'S-0' bond length is :
2 2
(n) S0:1- > so 4- > so:i >s0 2 (b) so~- > so ~- > so 2> so 3
2 2
{c) SO 4 > SO;i > SO 2 > SO 3 Cd) so~- >so;-> sol> s02
52. What is not true about resonance?
(a) The resonating structures are hypothetical
(b) The unpaired electrons in various resonating structures are same
(c) Hybrid structure is most energetic
(d) Hybrid structure is least energetic
53. Which of the following conditions is not correct for resonating structures?
(a) The contributing structures must have the same number of unpaired electrons
(b) The contributing structures should have almost similar energies
(c) The contributing structures should be so written that unlike charges reside on at0ms char
are far apart
(d) The positive charge should be present on the electropositive element and the n.egati\e
charge on the electronegative element
54. A molecule may be represented by three structures having energies E 1 , E 2 and E 3 ,
respectively. The energies of these structures follow the order E 3 < E 2 < E 1 • respectively. If the
experimental bond energy of the molecule is EO , the resonance energy is :
(a) (£ 1 +£ 2 +£ 3 ) - E 0 (b) £ 0 - E 3
(c) E O - E 1 (d) E o - E 2
Co-ordinate Bond
55. A : tetracyanomethane 'B : carbondioxide
C: benzene D : 1, 3-buta-di-ene
Ratio of cr and n bonds is in order :
(a) A =B < C < D (b) A =B < D < C
(c) A =B =C =D (d) C < D <A< B
56. In a compound
NC '-c=c/ M(C0)3
NC/ '- C 2H 5
the number of sigma and pi bonds respectively are :
(a) 19, 11 (b) 19, 5 (c) 13, 11 (d) 7, 3
57. Which of the following does not contain any co-ordinate bond?
(a) H 30+ (b) BF; (c) HF;
58. Which of the following molecules does not have co-ordinate bonds?
(a) PH; (b) N02 (c) 03 (d) co;-
L. Acid-Base
59. Which of the following halides is inert towards hydrolysis at room temperature?
(a) SiCl 4 (b) PCl 3
(c) NC1 3 (d) NF 3
60. Amongst the following trihalide, which one is least basic?
(a) NF 3 (b) NC1 3 (c) NBr 3
•14·itl
61. Increasing order of stability of the + 2 oxidation state of the ions ?
2
(a) Ca 2+ < Ba 2+ < Sr 2+ (b) Pb 2+ < Ge 2+ < Sn +
2
(c) Ge2+ < Sn 2+ < Pb 2+ (d) Cu 2+ < Au 2+ < Ag +
Bridge Bond
62. The number of three centre two electron bonds in a molecule of diborane is :
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
63. In which of the following compounds octet is complete and incomplete for all atoms :
Al 2Cl 6 Al 2 (CH 3 ) 6 AIF 3 Dimer of BeC1 2 Dimer ofBeH 2
(a) IC IC IC C C
(b) C IC - IC C IC
(c) C IC C IC IC
(d) IC C IC IC IC
(Note : C for complete octet and IC for incomplete octet.)
Metallic Bond
64. In which of the following metal to metal bond is present?
(a) Cupric chloride (b) Stannous chloride
(c) Mercurous chloride (d) M;ercuric chloride
~=======
..
2
I
1 ;, ()11,
~ ·.,~-;~ !i
200 ' ;~ ;~~i{
. ·: it_(,, :Jt.!".l
100
___·., tfrno.1-
0 . '
I 'I
-100
-200 I 1 J
i
(a) Bond pair has > :-' 5% HF
IP-character
9< SF 4
(b) Reduction in axial bond angle
is more than that of in
equatorial bond angle
~-
~
(c) Two axial d-orbitals and one XeF 5
non-axiaJ d-o:rbital are used in
hybridization
(d) Two p -orbitals are used in
hybridization Jt SnC1 2
27. In which of the following species, d-orbitals having xz and yz two nodal planes involved in
hybridization of central atom?
(a) 10 2F2 Cb) CIF.; (c) IF1 (d) None of these
28. The correct order of increasing s-character (in percentage) in the hybrid orbitals of following
molecules/ions is :
(0 oor {m XeF◄ (III) lj (IV) NC1
3
(V) Be0
2
(a) D<ID<N<l<V (b) D<N<ID<V<I
(c) m < D <I< V < IV (d) II< N <ID< I< V
29. The shape of MnO:; ion and the hybridisation of Mn in MnO is : 4
3
(a) tettahedral, sp (b) tetrahedra), d 3s
2
(c) square planar, dsp (d) square planar, spJ
Bond Length
30. Which one of the following molecule will have all equal X-F bond length? ( where X = cencral
atom)
(a) SOCl 2F2 (b) SeF4
(d) IF7
- CHEMICAL BONDING (Advanced) 115
31. Consider the following information (X = F or Cl) ·
Molecule P-X(axial) bond length P-X(EquitoriaJ) bond length
.,
PF 5 • a· b
PF 4 CH 3 C d
PF 3 (CH 3 )i e f
PC1 5 g h I
HO~
(a) Intermolecular H-bonding (b) Intramolecular H-bonding
(c) van der Waals' force (d) All of these
48. Which of the following interaction lies in the range of 8 - 42 k.J/mol ?
(a) H2-•·H2O (b) HCI...HCJ
(c) F- ... HF (d) HCN ... NH 3
Back Bond
54. Both N(SiH 3 ) 3 and NH(SiH 3 ) 2 compounds have trigonal planar skeleton. lncon~ct srnt •ment
about both compounds is :
(a) SiNSi bond angle in NH(SiH 3 )z > SiNSi bond angle in N(SiH 3 h
(b) N-Si bond length in NH(SiH 3 )z > N -Si bond length in N(SiH 3 ) 3
(c) N-Si bond length in NH(SiH 3 )z < N -Si bond length in N(SiH 3 h
(d) Back bonding strength in NH(SiH 3 h > Back bonding strength in N(SiH :1) :,
ss.The incorrect statement regarding O(SiH 3 ) 2 and OCI2 molecule is/are :
(a) The strength of back bonding is more in O(SiH 3 h molecule than OCl2 molec~e
Cb) Si-O-Si bond angle in O(SiH 3 )i is greater than Cl-O - Cl bond angle tn OCl2
(c) The nature of back bond in both molecules is 2p1( -3d"
(d) Hybridisation of central O-atom in both molecules is same
56. Among following molecule N-Si bond length is shortest :
(a) N(SiH 3 ) 3 (b) NH(SiH3)2
(c) NH 2 (SiH 3 ) (d) All have equal N-Si bond length
57. Which of the following molecule has weakest (pn - dn) back bonding ?
(a) OC1 2 (b) N(SiH 3 lJ (c) SiF 4 (d) O(SiH3h
58. "Hybridisation of central atom does not always change due to back bonding". This statement is
valid for v·· :ch of the following compounds?
(i) Cd 3 (ii) Cd 2 (iii) (SiH 3 )iO (iv) N (SiH 3 ) 3
(a) (i), (ii) (b) (i), (iii) (c) (ii), (iii) (d) AU
59. The geometry with respect to the central atom of the following molecules are :
N(SiH 3 h; Me 3 N; (SiH 3 ) 3 P
(a) planai; pyramidal, planar
(b) planar, pyramidal, pyramidal
(c) pyramidal, pyramidal, pyramidal
(d) pyramidal, planai; pyramidal
60. Incorrect statement regarding BF2NH 2 molecule is :
(a) FBF bond angle < 120° (b) HNH bond angle > 109°28'
(c) Exhibits intermolecular H-bond (d) Hybridization of N-atom is sp 3
Dipole Moment
61. In which of the following moleculeµ. (observed) is found to be greater than_µ(theoretical):
62. Among the following, the molecule with. highest dipole moment is :
(a) Q-1 3d (b) CH 2d 2
(c) CHd 3 Cd) CC1 4
63. Which of the following compounds has dipole moment approximately equal to that of
chlorobenzene?
(a) o-dichlorobenzene (b) m-dichlorobenzene
(c) p-dichl.orobenzene (d) p-chloronitrobenzene
Co-ordinate Bond
64. Which of the following bonds have lowest bond energy?
(a} C-C (b) N-N (c) H-H
(d) 0-0
65. The bond having the minimwn bond energy is :
WC-C 000-0 ~s-s (d) P - P
CH EMICAL BONDING (Advanced) 119
L. Acid-Base
66. The correct increasing order of extent of hydrolysis is :
(a) CCl 1 <MgCl 2 < AICl 3 <SiCl 4 <PC1 5 (b) Cd 4 <Ald 3 <Mgd 2 <PCls <Sid~
(c) CCl 4 <SiCl 4 <PCl 5 <AIC1 3 <MgC1 2 (d) CC1 4 <PC1 5 <Sid4 <Ald3 <MgCl2
67. Inorganic benzene reacts with HCl to form a compound B 3 N 3 H 9 d 3 • The protonation occurs
at :
(a) 8-atom
(b) N-atom
(c) First at B-atom then rea.:ranges into N-atom
(d) First at N-atom then rearranges into 8-atom
68. Select correct statement about hydrolysis of Bd 3 and Nd 3 :
(a) NCl 3 is hydrolysed and gives H0Cl but BCl 3 is not hydrolysed
(b) Both NCI 3 and BCI 3 on hydrolysis gives Hd
(e) NCl 3 on hydrolysis gives H0Cl but BO 3 gives HCI
(d) Both NCI 3 and BC1 3 on hydrolysis gives HOCl
vT,
is :
ca)
...
Cl,I
~
il
0
IXl
QA
P2
Ri
T2
Cb)~ l
~
-0
0
IXl
✓-''
P2
~ cc)
..,...
'":::J
~l
0
IXl ~ 2
T2
(d)
Q
...
_,..,
;J
0
Q
R~
Valence electron Valence electron Valence electron \a.Jenee electron
Molecular Structure
7'6. The structure of B 3 N 3 H 6 is as follows :
How may derivative structures of B3 N 3H 4 X 2 can be derived from the basic structure, by the
replacement of two hydrogen atoms?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) s
111
1. Which of the following is correct about KFe 11 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and KFe [Fe(CN) 6 ] complex
(I) (II)
compounds?
(a) Both are blue coloured compound because colour arises due to d-d electron transition in Fe
cation present outside the complex ion.
(b) Both are blue coloured compound because colour arises due to transfer of electton
between Fell and Fe 111 cation '
(c) Both are blue coloured compound because in complexes Fe 11 cation shows same d-d
transition band
(d) Complex (I) has blue colour while complex (II) has brown colour.
2. If MCI 2 salt is white, then comment on colour of its iodide salt.
(a) Coloured (b) White
(c) May be white or coloured (d) Black
3. Choose incorrect statement.
(a) Halogens are coloured due to HOMO-LUMO transition
(b) During charge transfer, oxidation state of atoms changes
(c) Higher the polarisation, more is colour intensity
(d) Complex compound having no unpaired electron can not undergo d-d transition and
therefore it is colourless
Hydrogen bond is the term given to the relatively weak secondary interaction between a
hydrogen atom bound to an electronegative atom and another atom which is also generally
electronegative and which has one or more lone pairs and can thus acts as a base. We can pye
the following generalized representation of a hydrogen bond.
6- 6+
X-H ... Y
Bond dissociation energy o.f H-bond ranges from 8 to 42 kJ/mol. and the most commonly
encounwed hydrogen bonds are 0-H ... o, N-H...0 and F-H... R -
1. Among molecules of HCI, which of the following forces are present.
(a) Interaction between two HCl molecules is found to be greater than 8 kJ/mol
(b) Weak dipole-dipole interactions
(c) Weak ion-dipole interactions
( d) All of the above
2. Which of the following interaction has energy between 8-42 kJ/ mol ?
(a) Na+:CC1 4 (b) CHC1 :Br - (c) C 6 H 6 :CC1 4 (d) H20: HCN
3
The intermolecular forces of attraction (i.e., H-bonding and van der Waals' forces) exist
among polar and non-polar species which affect melting point, boiling point, solubility and
viscosity of covalent compounds :
1. Melting and boiling point of halogens increase down the group due to :
'a) Increase in London dispersion forces (b) Increase in extent of polarity
_c) Increase in molecular mass (d) Both (a) and (b)
2. Toe type of molecular force of attraction present in the following compound is :
~OH
OH
(a) Intermolecular H-bonding {b) Intramolecular H-bonding
(c) van. der Waals' force (d) All of these
3. Select the incorrect order of boiling point between the following compounds :
(a) N 3 H<CH 3N 3 (b) Me 2S0 4 <H 2S0 4
(c) Me 3B0 3 < B(OHh (d) BF 3 < B1 3
~~ , -
..,. _.,._,..-w:
4
~
There are five species P, Q, R, S and T. Spectroscopical analysis shows that P, Q and R are
bomonuclear diatomic species and have their bond order 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 respectively and
lat two species S and T are heteronuclear diatomic species and have bond order 3 and 2
respectively. All homonuclear diatomic species are paramagnetic and all heteronuclear
diatomic ~ are diamagnetic in nature. P, ~ S and T are monovalent positive ion and Q is
--,valaal ~ve ion : ~~. ,
1. According to given infonnation the incorrecr match is :
(a) P = N 2 (b) R = 0 i (c) S = CO+
123
2. The correct statement is :
(a) If P is having 13 electrons then removal of one electron retains its magnetic b~hav:iour
(b) If Q is having 17 electrons then addition of one electron retains its magnetic behaviour
(c) If R is having 15 electrons then addition of one e- retains its magnetic behaviour
(d) If Tis having 12 electrons then addition of one e- retains its magnetic behaviour
3. The incorrect statement is :
(a) If R has 15 electrons then bond order of R is greater than its parent molecule
(b) If Q has 17 electrons then bond _o rder of Q is less than its parent molecule
(c) If P has 13 electrons then bond order of P is greater than its parent molecule
(d) On addition of two electrons in P(having 13 electrons) the bond order remains same
~ASSAGE •.
Q -0.292
R -05
s -0.325
.
T -0.469
. ., ' .
In all expected compounds each central atom only uses its s and p-orbitals in hybridization.
The relationship between bond angle '8' and decimal fraction of s and p character present in
the equivalent hybrid orbitals is given by : ., _'. .'_ ._ _. ~. __ ..
cos e = _s_ = p - l, S = decimal fraction of icharacter in the ·equivalent hybrid urbiral
s- l . p . ,'. ' ' . ; I ·, ' ' •
180 ,.
·,, : ,. _..! i;
'
120
1. The correct order of% p-character in bond pairs of central atoms in the following compounds
is :
(a) P > T > S > Q > R (b) S > R > T > P > Q
(c) P > Q > S > R > T (d) P > Q > S > T > R
2. If the value of n is 2 for compound r; then number of lone pair present at central atom of
compound T will be :
WO 001 W2 W3
3. The incorrect statement is :
(a) The ratio of% p-character to % s-character is less than four; for the bond pair of central
atom of compound S
(b) Central atom uses three hybrid orbitals to form compound R
(c) Central atom uses four hybrid orbitals to form compound S
(d) There are three compounds present between point C to E, according to% s-character in
bond pair of central atom
6
The· concept of redistribution of energy in different orbitals of an atom associated with
different energies to give new orbitals of equal (or sometimes it may be non-equal) energy
oriented in space in definite directions is called hybridisation and formed new orbitals are
called hybrid orbitals. The bonds formed by such orbit,als are called.hybrid bonds. The process
of mixing of orbitals itself requires some energy. Thus, some additional energy, is needed for
the hybri~tion (mixing) of atomic orbitals. ·
1. Select from each set the molecule or ion having the smallest bond angle :
(i) H 2Se, H 2Te and PH 3
(ii) NO 2 and NH 2
(iii) POF 3 and POd 3 (X - P-X angle)
(iv) OSF 2 Cl 2 and SF 2 (CH 3 )i(F - S- F angle)
(a) H 2Se, NH 2, POF3 and OSF 2Cl 2 (b) H 2Te, N0 2, POF 3 and SF 2 (CH 3 )
2
(c) PH 3 , NH 2, POC1 3 and SF 2 (CH 3 ) 2 (d) H 2Te, NH 2, POF 3 and SF 2 (CH 3 )
2
2. Which of the following statement is correct ?
(a) In BrF 3 , maximum three halogen atoms can lie in same plane
(b) In CH 2SF 2 (CH 3 ) 2 molecule all hydrogen atoms which bonded to s -sp 2 overlapping, lie
in equatorial plane
(c) In OSC1 4 , Cl- S-Cl equatorial bond angle is greater than 120°
(d) Molecules IOF s and XeO 2F4 have similar shape but have different number of lone pairs in
whole molecule
3. In neutral molecule XeO "t Fn 2 , central atom has no lone pair and ratio of" 2 is two, then which
"1
of the followin.g orbital does not panicipate in bonding (n 1 and n 2 are natural numbers)
(a) d 2 (b) P, (c) d x 2-y 3 (d) None of these
•
iil1M\1•-ii:1•1~1•11UIH 125
PASSAGE 7
Drngo suggested an emprical rule which is compatible with the energetics of hybridluttlon. It
states that if the central atom is in the third row or· below in the periodic tnblc, the lone pnfr
will occupy a stereochemically inactive s-orbital, and the bonding will be through p-orbitals
and bond angles will be nearly 90° if the electronegativity of the surrounding atom is~ 2.5.
1. In which of the following molecule central atom has higher o/o s-character in its bond pair :
(a) AsH 3 (b) GeH 4 (c) P4 (d) H 2Sc
2. Correct order of bond angle is :
(a) PH; > OF 2 > SF 2 > SbH 3 > H 2Te (b)OF 2 >SF 2 >PH!>SbH 3 >H 2Te
(c) PH:> SF 2 > OF 2 > SbH 3 > H 2Te (d) SF 2 > OF 2 > PH: > SbH 3 > H 2Te
P.ASSAGE 8
According to hybridisation theory, the o/o s-character in sp, sp 2 and sp 3 -hybrid orbitals is 50,
33.3 and 25 respectively, but this is not true for all the species. When 0 is the bond angle
between equivalent hybrid orbitals then% sand p-character in hybrid orbital (when only s-
and p-orbitals are involved in hybridisation) can be calculated by the following formula :
S P-1
cos0=--=--
·'- -1 - ~ • __t.,...__...., -
..! ......
S-l · · P ,_.
~ • ,."!.,, ., -
1. 'Iwo elements X and Y combined together to form a covalent compound. If o/o p-character is
found to be 80% in a hybrid orbital then the hybridised state of central atoi:n X for the orbital
is:
(a) sp 2 (b) sp 3 (c) sp4 (d) sp 5
9
PCJ 5 is an example of a molecule having sp 3 d-hybridisation. Three out of the five orbitals
involved in sp.rp,,•hybridization while remaining two have p 1 d 13 -hybridization. If P..atom is
attached to substitucnts differ in electronegativity, as in PCl .\"Fs-x• then it has been
experlmentally observed that the more electronegntive substitu.e nt occupies the axial position
of t.b.p geometry.
126
1. The correct statement is :
(a) in Cl~ 2 F2 the F-C-F bond angle is larger 109° 28'
(b) in CH 2 F 2 the C-F bond has more than 25% s-character
( c) in CH 2 F 2 the H-C-H bond angle is larger than 109° 28'
(d) in CH 2 F2 the C-H bond has less than 25% s-character
2. The incorrect statement regarding PCl 2F3 molecule will be :
(a) given compound is polar
(b) both axial position occupied by F-atoms
(c) both Cl atoms present in equatorial position
(d) one Cl atom present at axial and other Cl atom is present at equatorial position of
geometry
3. The highest H - r. - H bond angle present in :
(a) CH 2F 2 (b) CH 4 (c) CH 3 Cl (d) Gl3F
P, SSIIE
The first compound of the noble gases was made in 1962. Banlett and Lohman had
previously used the highly oxidizing compound platinum hexafluoride to oxidize dioxygen.
02 + PtF6 ~oi£PtF6r
The first ionization energy for 0 2 ➔ 0 2 is 1165 k.J mol - 1 , which is almost the same as the
value of 1170 k.J mol- 1 for Xe ➔ Xe+. It was predicated that xenon should react with PtF6 .
Experiments showed that when deep red PtF 6 vapour was mixed with an equal volume of Xe,
the gases combined immediately at room temperature to produce a solid.
PISIIIE 11
According to M01: two atomic orbitals overlap resulting in the formation of molecular
orbitals. Number of atomic orbitals overlapping together is equal to the molecular orbital
formed. The two atomic orbital thus formed by LCA0 (linear combination of at.omk orbital)
in the same phase or in the different phase are known as bonding and antibonding molecular
orbitals rcspecti'vely. The energy of bonding molecular orbital is lower than that of the pure
atomic orbital by an amount .6. This known as the stabilization energy. The energy of
antibonding molecular orbital is .,increased
. by 6' (destabilisation
,, . .... energy)
. . ,,
1. The bond order of N 2 is equal to that of :
(a) 0 2 (b) ot
(c) o; (d) None
2. Which among the folJowing pairs contain both paramagnetic species.
(a) ot
and N 2 (b) 0 2 and N 2 (c) 0 2 and N 2 (d) 0 2 and N 2
3. Which of the following statement(s) is true :
(a) Higher the bond order lesser the bond length
(b) Higher the bond order greater the bond length
(c) Higher the bond order lesser the bond energy
(d) Higher the bond order lesser the number of bonds
4. Which of the following pairs of molecule can exist ?
(a) He 2 and Be 2 . (b) ot and Na 2 (c) ot
and Ht (d) Be 2 and Mg 2
5. How many nodal plane is present in o (sand p) bonding molecular orbital?
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
6. Which of the following combination of orbitals is correct?
(a)8,C)+(08-~ '_ •.··
(b)GX:)+0
(c)8,C)+~-~~
(d) 88
7. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding bonding molecular orbitals?
(a) Bonding molecular orbitals possess less energy than the atomic orbitals from which they
are formed
(b) Bonding molecular orbitals have low electron density between the two nuclei
(c) Electron in bonding molecular contributes to the attraction between atoms
(d) They are formed when the lobes of the combining atomic orbitals have the same sign
8. If x-axis is the molecular axis, then n-molecular orbitals are formed by the overlap of:
(a) s+p 1 (b) P:r +p (c) p 1 +p, (d) Px +Px
1
Polar covale.nt molecules exhibit dipole moment. Dipole moment is equal to the product of
charge separation, q and the bond length d for the bond. Unit of dipole moment is debye. One
debye is equal to 10- 15 esu cm.
Dipole moments is a vector quantity. It bas both magnitude and direction. Hence, dipole moment
of a molecule depends upon the relative orientation of the bond dipoles, but not on the polarity of
bonds alone. A symmetrical structure shows zero dipole moment. Thus, dipole moment helps to
predict the geometry of a molecules. Dipole moment values can be used to distinguish between
c:u..and trans-isomers; ortho-, meta- and para-forms of a substance, et~. .~ .c, -
PISSIIE
The molecule in which an atom is associated with more than 8 electrons is known as
hypervalent molecule and less. than _8 electrons is known as hypovalent molecule. All
hypervalent molecules must have pn-d.1t·bonqjng,.but the mplecu~es having back bonding need
not to have always p1t-d1t bonding. ' · ' · · a .. nw; ,: !->.:... ·
K'
CHC1 3 ~ CCl 3 + H+
Then regarding given reactions which of the following statement(s) is/are correct :
(a) Ka> K~ ,.
(b) CHF 3 act as a stronger bronsted acid than CHC1 3
(c) CC1 3 is more stable than CF3
(d) CCI 3 is weaker lewis base than CF 3
13. In which of the following molecule µexp. (observed dipole moment) is found to be greater than
µth (expected dipole moment) ?
OH
. • )'.:'.,, CJ
~F
(a)POC1 3 (b) lSJ '. (c) HNC · " · (d)LSJ
1. Column-I
··~ Column-II
(P) Hybridization of central atom does not
charnze due co back bondin2
(B) . Singlet CC1 2 (Q) Bond angle of cenrral atom increases due
to combined effect of back bonding and
steric factor
(R) Anyone oft 2g d-orbital is involved in back
. bondin2
(D) B(NMe 2) 3 (S) Electron density on central atom
decreases due to back bondin!i!
(TI Electron density on central arom
increases due to back bonding
. -~~--
CHEMICAL BONDING (Advanced)
.
2. , .. · Column-I Columo-D
(A) co cN- No+ 0 2+
J ' ' 2
(P) All are paramagnetic
(B) N;,o;,0 2,NO (Q) All are diamagnetic
(C) NO-, N~+ , C 2 , B~- (R) All have intermixing of s and p-orbitals
(D) CN, C; , B ; , N 2 (S) All have same bond order
' (T) All have fractional bond order
8. -n
(Pj .Resulting H. 0. M. 0. of 0 2
molecule
·...-~, , (Q~ Resulting H. 0. M. 0. of C 2 molecule
. '
CR) Resulting molecular orbital having one
. nodal ·plane
9.
{A) XeF 5 (P) Non-polar and planar
{B) Mno:; (Q) Species having equal bond angle and
bond length
00 Both axial d-orbitals are involved in
hybridisation
CHEMICAL BONDING (Advanced) 137
(S) All non-uxinl d-orblLnls nrc Involved in
hybridisation
r··
10. Column-I Column-II
(AxiaVsideways combination of (Types of molccubw orbital}
appropriate/ inappropriate pure
orbitals)_
.'
(A) p + p pure orbitals (P) cr - bondi11l: molecular orbitnl
(B) s + p pure orbitals (Q) 1t - anti-bonding molecular orbit:.il
(C) (non-axial) d + p pure orbitals (R) cr - <1nti-bonding molecular orbiLal
(D) (axial) d + p pure orbitals (S) 1t - bonding molecular orbital
(T) Non- bonding' molecular orbital
12 • I • Column-I Column-II
- ,'
(A) NH 4 Cl (P) Hydrogen bond .•
(B) CuSO 4 ·SH 2 0 (Q) Co-ordinate bond
(C) HNC ·• (R) Ionic bond
(D) Liquid H 20 2 (S) Covalent bond
11;- .... ~ ·•->'"' ... ,,fl'·•~~ ff""'T""' ...,!',...... ••--;r.- ••
Reason 2
Ni + is pseudo noble gas configuration cation whereas Ca 2 + is noble gas
configuration cation. · ' , · .
9. Assertion When two gaseous OF molecules are allowed to cool, then they undergo
dimerisation through O-atom.
Reason Dimer-form of OF molecule (i.e., O 2F2 ) is having one peroxy linkage in its
, I I f 1 11 I •I 1' ..
structure.
IO. Assertion Bond dissociation en~~gy of N-F bond in NF 3 ~olecule is lower than that of in
NC1 3 molecule. t • • 1
Reason Interelectronic repulsion exists between small size N and F atoms in N-F bond
of NF 3 molecule. , .•
11. Assertion If d x 2 -y 2 and Py orbitals come close together along z-axis, they can form n-
bond by sideways overlapping. ·
Reason Both orbitals do not have electron density along z-axis.
12. Assertion HOF bond angle is higher than HOCI.
Reason Oxygen is more electronegative than chlorine. . 1•
13. Assertion : NaCl is more ionic than Nal.
Reason : Chlorine is more electronegative than iodine.
14. Assertion : , Pb1 4 doesn't exist and converts into Pbl 2 and 12 spontaneously at room
temperature but PbC1 4 needs heating to conven into PbCl 2 and Cl 2 .
Reason Pb 2+ is more stable than Pb 4 + due to inert pair effect.
15. Assertion Dipole moment of NF 3 is less than that of NH 3 •
Reason Polarity of N-F bond is less than that of N-H bond.
16. Assertion Solubility of n-alcohol in water decreases with increase in molecular weight.
Reason The hydrophobic nature ?f alkyl chain increa~e.
17. Assertion The unpaired electron of CH 3 free radical occupies p-orbital.
Reason p- isomer is symmetrical and thus shows more closely packed structure.
20. Assertion : Na 2 SO 4 is soluble in water while BaSO 4 is water insoluble.
Reason Lattice energy of BaSO 4 exceeds its hydration energy.
21. Assertion N 2 and NO + both are diamagnetic substances.
Reason NO+ is isoelectronic with N 2 •
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
22. Assertion Bond order can assume any value including zero. .
· th b d length and greater 1s the bond
Reason Higher the bond order, shorter 1s e on
energy.
23. Assertion : C 3 0 2 has linear structures.
Reason : Each C atom in C 3 0 2 is sp-hybridised.
24. Assertion : H bonding occurs in H 20 due to larger size of 0-atom.
Reason : The size of 0- atom is larger than H atom.
25. Assertion : (CH 3 hN geometry is pyramidal but in case (SiH 3 ). 3 N it is planar.
Reason : The maximum covalency of Si is six but that of C 1s four.
26. Assertion Superoxides of alkali metals are paramagnetic.
Re.a son Superoxides contain the ion 0 2 which has one unpaired electron in its
anti-bonding molecular orbital.
27. Assertion The HF 2 ion exists in the solid state & also in liquid state but not in aqueous state.
Reaso n The magnitude of hydrogen bonds among HF molecules is weaker than that in
between HF and H 20.
28. Assertion If d X 2-y 2 and p y -orbitals come close together along z-axis, then they can form
1r -bond by sideways overlapping.
1. There are two groups of com~ounds A and B. Group A contains three compounds
Px 4 ,Qy 3 ,Rz 2 • Group B also contams three compounds Sx 4 , Ty 3 ,Uz 2 • Hybridization of each
central ato~ ~f group A comp~u°:ds ~s same /S
that _of iodine in IBrc1- while in group B
compounds it 1s same as that of 10dme m IBrCl , Subst1ruents X, Y and z exhibit covalency of
one in ground state. Then find the value of x/y.
Where, x and y are total number of lone pairs present at central atoms of compounds of group
A and B respectively.
2. Consider the following three compounds (i) AX~ , (ii) AX 311 and (iii) AX~; , where central
atom A is 15th group element and their maximum covalency is 3n. If total number of oton in
surrounding atom X is n and value of n is one, then calculate value of "x 3 + y 2 + z ". r~ere x,
y and _z are total number of lone pair at central atom in compound (i), (ii) and (iii)
respecnvely.
CHEMICAL BO!WING (Advanced)
15. Total number of molecules, in which each covalent bond is comprised of effective back bond.
BF 3 , N(SiH 3 h, PF 3 , POF 3 , B(OHh, O(SiH3) 2, NH(SiH 3)z, BFH 2 , BF 2 (NH 2 )
16. Total number of angle in SeC1 4 which are less than 90°.
17. Consider the following species
O(Me)z, N(SiH 3) 3 , CO, O(SiH 3 )z, CC1 2 (Singlet),CC1 3, H 4 SiO 4 , OCl 2 , MeNCS
Then calculate total number of species which have (p 11 - p 11 ) back bond or (p"' -d") back
bond.
18. Total number of molecules which can form H-bond among themselves.
SiH 3OH, HCN,B(OMe) 3 ,NHMe 2 ,CH 3 CONH 2 ,HCHO,HCOOH,NH 2 OH,H 4 SiO
4
19. Consider two covalent compounds ALIIJ. and BLn 2 , if central atom (A) of first compounds has
total six electron pairs and central atom (B) of second compound contains total five electron
pairs in its valence shell and both compounds are planar and non-polar then calculate value of
expression (n 1 - n 2 ) 2 •
[wh.ere n 1 and n 2 are number of monovalent surrounding atom (L)]
20. Calculate the I - I distance in (A) for given compound H 2CCI 2 if C - I bond length is 2 .35 A.
(sin 60°: 0.866) ·
21. There are some arrangements of atomic orbitals which are given below :
(iii) -£-.£-
(v) B35'%
(vii) ~•-EB-
(ix) <;;;y]_ <;;;y]_
+
WW
Then calculate the value of" Q x R - P" where, P, Q and R are no. of arrangements which give
bonding molecular orbitals (positive overlap), antibonding molecular orbitals (negative
overlap) and non-bonding molecular orbitals (zero overlap) respectively.
22. Number of hybrid orbital C atoms which have 33% p character in C(CN) 4 •
23. Max. no. of equal P - 0 bonds in P20 t ion is:
24. Consider the following species :
(i) CHi (ii) (CH 3 hAl . (iii) HCHO _(iv) CH 4
(v) (C 2 H 5 hN (vi) TiC1 4 (vii) CO 2 (viii) SiC1 4
(ix) BF 3
Then find out total number of species which can act as Lewis acid.
25. Calculate value ofl x - YI, here x and y are the total number of bonds in benzene and benzyne
respectively which are formed by ovtrlapping of hybridized orbitals . .
26. Consider the following compounds:
(i) IF 5 (ii) en:; (iii) XeO 2F 2 (iv) NH 2
(v) BC1 3 (vi) BeC1 2 (vii) Asel: (viii) B(OH) 3
(ix) N0 2 Cx) c10;
Then, calculate value of" x + y - z" , here x,y and z are total number of compounds in given
compounds in which central atom used their all three p-orbitals, only two p-orbitals and only
one p-orbital in hybridisation respectively :
27. Consider the following molecule
o~s_.......o,s~o
~I l~o
o, _.. . . o
0
1~0
3
·
Calculate value of p + q, here p and q are· total number of dn-pn b on d s an d total number of sp
hybridised atoms respectively in given molecule.
28. Consider the following orbitals (i) 3pr (ii) 4dz 2 (iii) 3dx2-y2 (iv) 3dyz _ .
Then, calculate value of "x + y - z" here x is total number of gerade o~b1tal and Y _total 15
number of ungerade orbitals and z is total number of axial orbitals in gwen above orbitals.
29. Consider the following oxyanions :
Po!- ,P 2ot- ,so~- ,Mn0 4,Cro~- ,sp~-,s 2ot
and find the value of R + Q - P
Where
P = Number of oxy anions having three equivalent
X - 0 bonds per central atom
Q =Number of oxy anions having two equivalent
X - 0 bonds per central atom
R = Number of oxy anions having four equivalent
X - 0 bonds per central atom
30. Consider the following three compounds (i) AX 2; , (ii) AX 3n and (iii) AX~; , where cenaal
atom A is 15 th group element and their maximum covalency is 3n. If total number of proton in
surrounding atom Xis n and value ofn is one, then calculate value of .. x 3 + y 2 + z". (Whe.re
x,y and z are total number of lone pair at central atom in compound (i), (ii) and (iii)
respectively).
and calculate value of Y + X. (Where X is the total number of compound, h ·rn hm~
H - C - H bond angles equal to 109°28' and Y is the totnl number of rompoun~$:~kh hi,,~•
H - C - H bond angles greater than 109°28' and less than 120°)
1,45
33. There are some species given below.
coo; (ii) co (iii) B 2 (iv) 0 2
(v) NO+ (vi) He i (vii) c~+ (viii) CN-
(ix) N 2
Total number of species which have their fractional bond order.
34. Following compounds A and B have similar structure with delocalization of n-electron system.
(A) (PNCl2) x/2 (B) (CH) x
If value of x is 6, then calculate value of "p +Q", where 'P' is total no. of er -bonds in
compound A and B and 'Q' is total no. of n bond in compound A and B.
3 2
35. The hybridization of central atoms of compounds A,B,C and D are sp 3 d,sp ,sp and sp
respectively. If compounds A and D have same shape like 13 and compounds B and C have
same shape like water molecule. Then calculate value of" P + Q + R + S" , where P, Q, R and S
are number of lone pairs on central atoms of compounds A,B ,C and D respectively.
36. In compound PCI x Fs-x , possible values of x are 0 to 5, then calculate value of x 1 + x 2 + x 3
(where x 1 ,x 2 and x 3 •••••• are possible values of x, with zero dipole moment for given
compound).
ANSWERS
Laval 1 :1 .•
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c) , 6. (b) 7. (d) a. (a} 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (d)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (d} 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (a) . 27. (b) · 28. (d) , II. (b) 30. (b)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (b) ; 38. (c} 37.· (b) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (b}
,1. (c) 42. (d) 43. (d) 44. (c} ,' · 45. (b)
1
48: (d) 47. (d) '8. (b) 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (b)
81. (c)
52. (c)
62. (b)
53. (c)
63. (c) 64. (c)
'
54. (b) ! 55. (a)
,·,; .
58. (a)
~--. ..
_,
57. (c) 58. (d) 59. (d)
•.
~
-
- " . '
60. (a}
Laval 2
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) ., 4, (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 2-9. (b) 30. (a)
31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (c,d) 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (d) 48. (d) 49. (d) 50. (d)
51. (a) 52. (d) 53. (a) 54. (b) 55. (d) 56. (c) 57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (b) 60. (d)
61. (d) 62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (d) 65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (c) 69. (d) 70. (d)
71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (d) 74. (a) 75. (a) 76. (c) 77. (c) 78. (c) I
Level 3
Passage-I 1. (b) I. (c) (d)
~ (I)~
According to Bent's Rule in 0-f2, there is more p-character in 0-F bond in comparison to 0-H bond
in H ,jJ 2 ; hence s-character in 0-0 bond is greater in 0,P2•
17. (b) 0 0 0
s
o~ I "-F
s s
o~ I'c1 o~ I"-Br
F d Br
According to Bent's Rule
22. (a) Compound (B) exhibits intramolecular H-bonding has more vapour pressure ·t han compound (A)
involved in intermolecular H-bonding.
HVH
H
28. (d) I
0 ..·O,
H/ '-W ! 'H
tt ··. ,../H
ef ~H
'-H
41. (c) Although both hydration and lattice energies of alkali metal fluorides decrease down the group and
hydration energy dominates over lattice energy, therefore, solubility increases down the group.
Onl,v in BF~ prt-pn bn.<.·k bonding is possible due to which B-P bond length Jir1 shortest. In other
\.,,mpounds, J>-orbitnl nt boron is not v cnnt hence, 1m-p1t bnck bonding Is not possible.
W~t~r molttul"s tu~ hexagomdly closed pncked In Ice with the help of H-bon.ds, hence due to
existan~ of voidS/interstitiRI spaces it has cnge like structure with less density rhan water.
49. (b) As cl«tronegativity difference of bond increases, polar character also Increases.
0
II
st. (b)
'-t)••""t·•,oc-
o
6
8.0.•- •l.S
4
µ' F,··s: :
I I I µD ~0
I I
I I
I I I
', I ,,
............
Non-polar bond : N-N
Polar bond : N--0
µD =0
p.,,-p14 bond(s) • O
p"-d,. bond(s) • 2
Bond order of CXe-0} • 2.0
151
HI H
5. (d) ,......c1,
Cl-Be '-Cl/Be-Cl
H/fi,t/H
H I
µD=O H
But has no non-polar bond µD=O
6. (d) ⇒ e
C
Hyb. of carbon : sp 3 , hence % s-character in C-F bond "" 25%
p/ 1 'F ➔ Non-planar
➔ Polar
F
⇒
e
H'C-H Hyb. of carbon : sp 2, henc~ % s-character in C-H bond ""33%
H/0 ➔ Planar
➔ Non-polar
H C 1420 180°
7. (b) 3 '~
tj=C=S H3Si~ C=S
Bent Linear
Bent
8. (b) Triplet carbene is more stable than.singlet carben~.
12. (d)
81° F
sp 3d
sp3rJ2
sp3d2 Linear: It is planar as three spJ<fJ
points are in same plane square planar pentagonal planar
Planar
0 F
Ji
(III) F/r'-p p/ l'F
F F
µ=0
µ. - 0
(Polar) (No Polar)
15, (b)
µ=O µ-0
In sheet silicates although one Siot tetrahedron is linked to other three tetrahedrons but the
layer/sheet obtained is not planar, as fourth oxygen atom is projecting away from sheet.
f'\~O;c1~v;11
" ~~
0 3-
,✓l,,.,i~,.,i~/
1
I 1 I I
.,.-B,~B,NANA
I I I
each layer ls planar as both B and N are sp 2 hybridized
(d)
153
i
: H
l ~
clJ... o i
o ····c1J-'-·
·:·. ....
.... ........... ..
.1.1.L .. ·H :
i
/f-- C--/IT, C" ]
11 ••• -···
18. (b)
j
!H u CPu~o Hi
!.............. .. ............. ... ···················· ... -~········· .................:
H-0-N
19. (a)
II
N--OH
Hyponitrous acid
Cr20/'-
0
II
20. (c) H-0-0-~-o-
O
. (HS05)
No. of B-0-B linkages =5; No. of P-0-P linkages= 6
OH 2-
I
B
/c/ I"°'.
2Na + ,:•:•::•:::::,: HO-~!/ifB-OH ·8H20
I
OH
(Borax)
H-0- rII
OH
-0- r r rII
II
OH
-0-
II
OH
-0-
OH
-?H;
. 10
(c)C>j'()
(Bent shape)
F
(Linear)
•.:,:;_, INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
~--~
(Trigonal bipyramidal
geometry)
(Trigonal_planer shape
is not possible)
26. (b) In see-saw structure, as lone pair lies in equatorial position, hence there is more reduction in
equatorial bonds than in axial bonds.
27. (c) [Oji: Hyb. sp3d, [,. SPxPyPzd,2]
3 2
CIF4: Hyb. sp d [e SPxPyPzd 2 2d 2J
IF7: Hyb. sp d . [sPxPyPzd 2 - Xy 2 ~ dZ%2]
3 3
X
F
.--~·;;GI
30. (a) ⇒ O. _ S......._ : : both S-F bonds are of equal length.
-1---Cl
F
F
⇒
.J.-;;:f . .
Q Se......_ : ⇒ Equatonal Se-F bond 1s shorter than axial Se-F bond
t----F
F
F
I •• -f3r
•• -r / '
~ ~-- P......._: ⇒ Equatorial P-F bond is shorter than axial P-F bond
i-·--Br
F
F
p • .I•• p ••
'......._ I / i .
⇒ :/I......._! , •F ⇒ EquatQrial 1-P bond is longer than axial 1-F bond.
F -~-- p·
F
CHEMICAL BONDING (Advanced)
G
/i"-1/F
F G
/ .N,1/H
H
33. (b)
A I
H0
F .H N
. Fu
It can be explained on the basis of Bent's rule. In N.f4, N-N bond has mores-character hence
bond length decreases.
While in N :J:-1 4 , N-N bond has less s-character (i.e., more p-character), hence bond lengths
0 o- 0 F
II I I I
....,Xe... _..,,Cl... S ..... c . . .
35. Cc, d) o-?' II 'o o-?' II 'o -o,.,,,, 11 'o- F' I "F
0 0 · 0 •~::.r.; F
LOXeO =109°'.28' LOdO =109°'.28' LOSO =109028' LFCF = 109°'.28'
F
.h;,-F
36. (d)
' (f)
-,-~ ..
s
F ··s-F
..
LFSF < 109°28' LFSF < 90° L'.FSF < 109°28' ., LFSF < 90°
43. (d)
(a) T2 > D 2 > H2 [BP a:: mol.wt.]
1 .
(b) n.- pentane > neo-pentane [BP cc VWf cc contact area c c - - - ]
Branching
[BP cc mol.wt.]
OH @OH····•. .
(c) Xe > Ar > He
. ........
®
N02
(d)
> .o •,
N02
Intermolecular lntramolecular
H-bonding H-bonding
44. (b)
0
II
H--..... /C'-.
C 0
/c, /o-
II v
H C
cis-butene dioic acid II CXi)
0
More stable due to Stronger conjugate base
intramolecular than Y;- (slow formation)
H-bonding hence
weaker conjugate base
0
Hooe, /H Hooe, /H II
i K'a1C-H+)
II
C K'0 /-H+)
-o
/c:,
C
/H
C .
H/ 'cooH /c, /o- II
H C /c, /o-
l'rans-butene dioic acid , · ,, II H C
0 (11)
Less stable than
~ cY;-)
Its formation is faster than that
Xi of xf- ; Therefore weaker
conjugate base than x;-
45, (c) NH 3 is stronger lewis base than H:P and H:P has more acidic H-atom than NH 3 •
47, (d)
@
HO rnt6H
N-.......__O_ /"
NO,y _
. OH ··
48. (d)
(a) H 2 •• • •• H:P Dipole-induced dipole interaction (van der Waals' force) energy < 8 kJ/mol
(b) H-Cl... .. H-Cl Dipole-dipole interaction (van der Waals' force) < 8 kJ/mol
(c) p- ... .. HP Ion-dipole H-bond (very strong H-bond energy) > 42 kJ/mol
(d) HCN ..... NH 3 H-bond energy ranges from 8-42 kJ/mol
2
so. (d) In Cdl2, Pink colour is due to polarization ofr- byCd + hes pseudonoble gas configuration. In CdCI:,
extent o.f polarization of c1- by Cd2+ is relatively less, hence specific colour cannot be predicted.
CHEMICAL BONDING (Advanced)
54, (b) ➔ In NH(SiH 3 ) 2 electron density or lone pair at N-atom is involved in back bonding only with two
empty 3d-orbitals of two silicon atoms while in N(SiH 3 hit is involved with three empty3d-orbitals of
three silicon atoms. '·
➔ Strength of back bonding in NH(SiH 3 ) 2 is higher than in N(Sili 3 ) 3 hence N-Si bond length in
NH(SiH 3 )i is less than that of in N(SiH 3 h.
55. (d)
'4
\/ Hybridisation ofO-atom: Hybridisation of O-atom
sp 2 due to more extent of remains sp 3 , because of less
H 3 si·~-SiH (2p11·3d.i) back bonding effective (2p 11 -3d.i) back
3
bonding due to d-9rbital
resonance
56. (c) More stronger the back bond, smaller will be ·the bond length .
. H )N-SiH 3 [ Strongest back bond ]
H :. Smallest bond length
F, B-N_..,....H ~
60. (d) BFJ-JH 2 F / - '--H
~' , I'
Bond angle between both C-CI bonds is greater than 60° due to steric repulsion between both
Cl-atoms, hence µv(observed)< µD (Theoretical)
·. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY·. ,
t
~6
l$J ~
Observed bond angle between both C--NO 2 bonds is found to be greater than 60° due to steric
repulsion, between NO 2 groups, hence µ 0 (observed) < µD (Theoretical)
......-H
~~I
l$J
Observed bond angle between C-O and C-Cl bond is found to be less than 60° due to
intramolecular H-bonding present in it, hence, µ 0 (observed) > µD (Theoretical)
65. Cb) Due to inter electronic repulation between lone pairs on both oxygen atoms bond energy of 0--0
bond is less.
66. (a) Aqueous hydrolysis of CCI 4 is not possible due to absence of vacant orbital on carbon, while
hydrolysis of MgCl2, A1Cl 3, SiCI 4 and PC1 5 is possible. Extent of hydrolysis is proportional to the
amount of positive formation charge present on the atomic site prone to attack of Hj) molecules.
CCl4 < MgC1 2 < A1Cl 3 < Siel 4 < PC1 5
68.
H~~H H'"/~H
H H
(c) 0 2 > 0 1 becm1sc C-H bond has more s-chnracter in CH 3F than in CH~Cl.
f1
C
i
C
H/~H H/~H
H H
(d) Koi of maleic acid is higher thnn K<ti of fumnric acid but reverse is trne for their K,>:
Level 3
Passage-2
6+ I'>- 6+ ~
1. {b) H-Cl -~- H- Cl. The bond ene11,,y (E) between two H-CI molecule~. cam:t'd b~· dipole-dipole
interaction is not found to be in the rnnge of unsymmetrical 11-hond ener~y. rnther it is It·~-- than s
kJ/mol, hence this inrernction is cnlled wenk dipole-<lipole interaction.
2. (d) Na·:cCl 4 : ion-induced dipole< 8 k.J/mol
CHCl 3 : Dr: Weaker ion-dipole < 8 k.J/mol
c,,H 6 :CCI,.: London dispersion forces < 8 k.J/mol
Hp: HCN: Unsymmetrical H-hond: 8-42 k.J/mol
Passage-3
1. (d) ➔ Halogens :ire non-polnr species, hence London disper.-ion forces act :Hnot\.~ tht•m and tht'$C fon.'t's
are direcdy proportionnl to moleculnr weight,
7: I_,__
;,1
.~ - "" ~.-.qr.
·--' :it.-~
·,1r.Jf11 .--•. ·
.,-~ ~•
· • .-
t. .'-': •• . _-.. ' :..." ._ j.
. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY....._
0 • ' I
H
3. (a) ➔ Boiling point ofHN 3 > CH 3N 3 as in hydrazoic acid (HN 3 ) intermolecular H-bonding occurs and its
bond energy is higher than weak dipole-dipole interactions present in CH3N 3 •
➔ Boiling point of B1 3 is greater than that ofBF3 as molecular weight ofBl 3 is higher than that ofBF3•
➔ Due to intermolecular H-bonding in Hi,5O 4 its boiling point is higher than Mei,5O 4 •
➔ Similarly due to intermolecular H-bonding in B(OH)3 its boiling point is higher . than that of
Me 3BO 3 •
Passage-4
1. (c) P: crls 2 < crls
• 2
< o2s 2 < cr2s
• 2
< 1t2pX 2 < rt2p y 2 < cr2pZ1
➔ by removing one e,P becomes diamagnetic from paramagnetic.
➔ Bond order of P(i. e., N;) < Bond order of N 2
2. 2 22 •22 2 • •
Q :crls <crls <cr s <cr s <cr pZ 2 <1t2pIC 2 =rt2py 2 <rt2p y 2 =rt2p y 1
➔ by adding one e, Q become diamagnetic from paramagnetic
Bond order of Q(_i. e., 0 2) < bond order of 0 2
R:crls 2 <crls
• 2 <o 22 s <cr•22 s <a 2 P2<1t2p
Z X
•
2 =rt2p 2 <rt2p 1 -n2p
X y YO
R -0.5 ~ sp2
s -0.325 --➔ sp3
T -0.469 --➔ close to sp 2
CHEMICAL BONDING (Advanced)
Passage-6
1. (d) Order of bond angle:
(i) PH 3 > H;iSe > H 2Te (ii) N0 2> NH 2
(iii) POC1 3 >POF3(X -P-X angle) (iv) OSF:J:1 2 >SF2(CH 3 h(LF-S-F)
2. (d)
:o:
:fi---lt----F:
·;~/·,·
.'. Ae,.•.
:p.. ---lt----F:..
:o:
Passage-7
1. (b) In AsH 3 , p4 and Hi>e ➔ No Hybridisation [Acc. to Drago's rule]
GeH 4 ➔ sp 3-hybridisation [% s = 25%] maximum.
2. (a) PH: ➔ sp 3 [109"28']
OF2 ➔ sp 3 [B.A. < 109"28']
SF2 ➔ sp 3 [B. A.« 109°28']
SbH 3 ➔ No hybridisation [B.A. ~ 90°]
Order of B.A. : PH1 > OF2 > SF2 > SbH3 > H 2Te
Passage-11
. 1
3. (a) Bond order oc Bond energy oc d gth
Bon 1en
(b) ~ + 0
p.,, s
(d)
Py Py
7. (b)
8. (c)
Passage-12
.t
l.(d)
¢
~ -F-t1f
F
/ 9oo•F,._ F
Planar structure
*
m..O
Non-polar Non-polar
µ=O µ=O
",;Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
. J.2 X 10-lB
2. (c) Fracnon of charge= -s =0.25
4.8xl0- 10 xlO
ll µ1
ti
µ
©Jc('µ Q I
3. (c)
~ (I) (II) (III)
Cl.....,,_
µ
(IV)
ll
µ
µJ 2µ µ µ•O
µ>µ1
•• r
- NH 2
B
I
-7' ' •.
-
..
:p 'F: ..
According to Bent's rule there is more p-character in B-F bond than in B-N bond; hence FBF is less than
120° . . . . . ' ..
As size of-NH 2 group is larger than F-atom hence repulsion between-NH 2 group and F-atoms is higher
than between two F-atoms. ·
As lone pair of N-atom in NH 2 group participate in back bonding hence H-N-H is greater than 109°28',
as hybridization of N is changing from sp 3 towards close to sp 2
7. (a, d) .r
µil o
f! => 2p1i-3d1t back bonding ,
R/1"-R
µ2
/
f ' µz
µ-i
µ2
R I R
o
fl => 2prc·3dn ,.
/ p "-
back bonding
(
"to
µ2 II => 2pn·3dn
/ p "- Pi-bonding
R I R
J . .-
Hence, experimental dipole moment of R3PO < theoretical dipole moment of R 3PO.
8. (b, c) ·
Due to 2p . 3~ back bonding observed bond angle in N(SiH 3 ) 3 and O(SiH 3 )i is higher than expected
n 0 0
Me
_,.....N,110.9°
;--......
M A9--:-
e 11~\V
Me Me Me
both have no back bonding but higher bond angle is due to steric repulsions be~een methyl groups.
. . ' '
~- __:·· INORGANIC CHEMISTR
9. (b, d)
X y
⇒ V:-P
~-··-Y
-· / on replacement -· J--·Z
Y:-P /
---f~~-Y ofX by Z ···t~-Z
Xµo=O Xµo"l:-0
X y
-- J-··Y z·---~
⇒ X::-P /'
·-t~-v
I
on replacement
ofX by Z
. ' ......... ---
: .,,,,P-:Z
z.-··t··
Xµo*O y µo==O
10. (a, b, c, d)
According to Bent's rule, there is less s-character in e-F bonds in COF2 than in C-Cl bonds in case 01
eOCl 2 hence y' > y and L'.FeF is less than 120°.
::::;;)(l = Pas both e-F bonds are equivalent similarly a' = P' as both e-CI bonds are equivalent a = ~ > y
a>a'
P>P'
11, (a, b, d)
[Melting point of a covalent compound having bond between metal and non-metal]
CC----
I
Po}arization
Hence, melting point ofBeF2 > Beel 2
12. Cc, d)
Kd>Ka
~
eHF3 -..---eF +
3 +H
F /?' F Stabilized by inductive effect of F-atoms
F
K'
eHel3 ~ eel; +W
C 2p,r•3p,r back bonding
c1?11~c1
Cl
Due to combined effect of inductive effect of Cl-atoms and 2p .3r1 back b . d '
. h ) . ee1· . d 1 ali d th . . - " ~
. c atom
on mg, 1one pair at . .
( negauve c arge m 3 1s more e oc ze an m CF3 • Hence cc1-3 is more t bl . th CF- d Cd-3 1s
weaker lewis base than ep3. . s a e an 3 an
14. (a, b, c, d)
P2
Cl211,,,, I
~As-CH3
Cl1 I
P1
(a) The plane which passes from (Cl1, Fi, F2 and As) contains 3-halogen at .
· 1 plane ➔ maximum
(b) Axia . atom = S[Fi, F2, As, C, HJ oms.
equatorial plane ➔ maximum atom • S[Cl1 , C1 2, As, c, HJ
( c) (B. L. )A~-c1 > (B. L. )~F As size of Cl-atom > > F-atom
(d) Equatorial
(a,b)
plane ➔ maximum atoms = S[Cl i, Cl 2• As •C
,
H)
1s.
(a) N 3,
e \ll e e ai Eil 2_ •
2
N =N =N ++N -N -N +-+N-N-N (B. 0. = 2)
(d) 2EC1 5
(sp 3 d)
24 . (a, c, d)
0 =Paramagnetic molecule with 2 unpaired electrons in antibonding p-orbital
2
0 3 = diamagnetic molecule
B = Paramagnetic with 2 unpaired electron in bonding n-orbitals
2
C2 = Diamagnetic molecule
NO ----+ ~ o (Electron removes from antibonding orbital
bond length decreases)
CO ----+ C ~ (Electron removes from antibonding orbital
bond length decreases)
o-
25. (c,d)
JJ
H--C'-o- -
I
H---C\o
2+1
B.O. = -2- =1.5
2-
i i 12-
--
2-_
~c'-...... /c~
0 0 Cf 0
B. O. = 2 + 1 + 1 = ~ = 1.33
3 3
c-o bond length in Hcoo- is less than C-0 bond length in co;-
F
H"--._ F I ,····
26. (a,c,d) H/C=~F
F · a p-or b.ital of
Hydrogen atoms are in a verttcal· plane Wl"th axI·al fl uonne
· ato ms --bond
.. m·volvmg
carbon atom must lie in equatorial plane of the molecule.
Six atoms, i.e., 2 H-atoms, c, sand both axial F-atoms lie in one plane.
~ 6- 6- ~
29. (a,b,c,d) Si- H C- H
OCH3 F
30. (a,b,c,d)
!/cl
Os"--- Os,,,,.I _,,,,OCH3
! Cl • } "----ocH~
OCH3
SCl2(0CH3)2 SF2(0CH3h
(I) (II)
31. (b,c,d)
Molecule may have only integra.Vfractional value of bond order
Molecule may or not be paramagnetic
Molecule will exist
32. (a, b, c, d)
0
II <;)H 0
p I II
o(/ ""9 O=P-0-P--OH
I I
0=~~0--.._P=O
I
0~ /0
I
H:P
1 ?
HO-P-0-P=O
p II I
II 0 OH
0 0 Tetramer form of meta phosphoric acid
0 0 0 0 0 Q Q
II II IJ Ii H20 I II H O I
~ HO-P-O-P-O-P-0--P-OH - 2HO-P--0-P--OH --4 4HO-P-OH
bH bH 6H 6H bH bH bH
Tetra polyphosphotic acid Pyrophosphoric acid Orthophosphoric acid
⇒ B.O. of NO+ = 3.0, i.e., one sigma bond and two 1t bonds
No. of 1t bonds = 2
No. of a bonds == S
= 'B.O. of NO+"" 3.0
and B.O. of NO • 2.5
=> NO+ is diamagnetic and BF4 is also diamagnetic
:=.> B-F bonds are longer in BF4 than in BF3 due to absence of p1t-p1t back bonding in [BF4 ]
bn. ,. i -.:<lt1n
iw,l: 1~ 't :.t L.J-tl11
2p1t-3pn
~ back bonding
t. (a) EJ 0 6
'tt) {:)
H3Si / '~..........,,. SiH3
GJ~\t>
➔ Si-0-Si =::144°
➔ Hybridization of O-atom changed to sp 2
➔ In 2p. -3d,, back bonding non-axial d-orbital oft~ is used
➔ Electron density at O-atom decreases
<:;>
(b)
..£. C~O. 2p11 -3p11 back bonding
-.
➔ LCl - 0 - Cl increases due to back bonding and steric repulsion between both Cl-atoms
➔ Hybridization of C remains sp 2
➔ Electron density increases at central C-atom.
0/ H
ll-2P7c3dn back bonding
(c) ,Si......._
HO I OH
0
H
➔ Electron density at Si-atom increases due to 2p.,. -3~ back bonding
➔ Non-axial d-orbital oft~ set of orbitals is involved in back bonding
➔ AU O--Si-0 remains at 109°28' because all four substiruents are same
Me 2N........_@ ~
1
(d) B-NMe 2
Me 2N / ~
2p7c2Pn back bonding
➔Hybridization of central does not change
➔Electron density at B-atom increases
➔ All N-B--N remain same as all three substituents are same.
2. M.O. configuration for molecules having total number electron less or equal to 14.
Ols< Ols< o2s< O' 2s < n2px < cr2p1 < lt 2px < 0 2p 1
tc2py 1t 2px
For molecules having total number of e-s greater than 14
· · ·' · INORGANIC CHEMISTR/
crls < cr ls< cr2s < cr 2s < cr2p. < 1t2p..,. < it 2p.,, < a2p.
1t2py ii: 2py
s. spedes Total No. of No. of unpaired e-s and lleff Mixing of s and Bond
No. e-s unpaired e-s and lleff' p-orbltals order
a co 14 diamagnetic Yes 3.0
cw 14 diamagnetic Yes 3.0
NO+ 14 diamagnetic Yes 3.0
o~+ 14 diamagnetic No 3.0
b N+2 13 paramagnetic Yes 2.5
o+2 15 paramagnetic No 2.5
o-2 17 paramagnetic No 1.5
NO 15 paramagnetic Yes 2.5
C No- 16 paramagnetic Yes 2.0
N2+ 13
2 diamagnetic Yes 2.0
C2 12 diamagnetic Yes 2.0
B~- 12 Yes 2.0
d CN 13 paramagnetic Yes 2.5
c+2 11 paramagnetic Yes 1.5
a+2 9 diamagnetic Yes 0.5
N;: 15 diamagnetic Yes 2.5
I
e>
,.......1+ <ol~
I I C9 I '-='
I I
(lj) (Ij")
Hybridization : 1p3 Hybridization : sp3d
planar planar
4. ⇒ SI•1 2Pn·3dl!
HO/ , ~0H
OH
➔ 2pl[•3d,, back bond _ ~
➔ Can exhibit intermo1ecular H-bonding as H-atom is bonded to O-atom.
➔ Proton donor acid; basicity = 4
0
II
⇒ HO/]e~OH
·o
➔ back bond is absent
➔ can form intermolecular H-bond as H-atom is directly bonded to O-atom
➔ Proton donor acid, basicity = 2
➔ Hypervalent, Number of e-s at Se = 12
,...,..H
a
112p"·2Pn
..
-•..
⇒ 8
H-0/ '0-H
➔ 2prc-2Pn back bond is present
➔ Hypovalent, as number of e-s at B-atom =6
➔ Does not furnish H +
NH2
I
⇒ p/B~F ... .,
➔ 2prc-2Pn back bond is present _ •i , • ,
➔ Can form intermolecular H-bonding as H-atom is directly bonded to N-atom
Hypovalent number of e-sat B-atom =6
➔ Does not furnish H+
(:)
5. (a) .-<90
H3C 'i
➔ Unequal distribution of s-character in hybrid orbitals
➔ L C-0-C > 109°28'
CH3 ➔ Both 0-G bonds are equivalent
Cb) ~ ➔ Unequal distribution of s-character in hybrid orbitals
H/ I 'H ➔ L HNH < 109°28'
H ➔ All three N-H bonds are equivalent
Br
I
(c) p+ ➔ Equal distribution of s-character in hybrid orbitals
Br/ I 'Br
➔ LBr-P-B~ = 109°28'
Br ➔ All P-Br bonds are equivalent
V5 fi>
H-O-r -s0 -s0 -s+5-0-H
0 !
s-2
t 6
H-O-f -0-H
0
-+
(C) HNC H-N=C
·•.... /H....-
······y
/:.:::,-·
...,·
CHEMICAL BONDING (Advanced) 171
(B) S..,Cl2
l'I fll
,
sp 3d hybridisation
Trigonal bipyramidal
....
B-F-
..,_Cl
"a-c1-
sp 3d hybridisation
Trigonal bipyramidal
(B)
i<~
ll"'O
~r 11 .. o ,.- , · 1
sp 2 hybridisation sp 2 hybridisation
Trigonal planar Trigonal planar· .
sp hybridisation sp hybridisation
linear linear , ' -
µ=0 µ=0
No. of e-s =22 No. of e-s =22
t t
,
H
I
H,c,,.....c.._c,,...-H
I (-') I
,r
~~_,;,H~·ti ,: ·; It
-~·---·~-
H,..,.c<~>C-.......H H/ ~~'l '-H
.,,, I ' ,r
. H
I '
H
t t
s,:1- B: s,:1- N: s,:1- I '· I
planar planar ,
µ=0 µ=0
No. of e-s = 42 No. of t-s =42
-=-~~~ INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
. ,~........
F......._ ,.......F
B-c-c-a
2 2
: Planar
F ~p sp sp sp '--F
0
12, (B) In i ~I, 0 is more electronegative than Cl. Hence, will contain mores s character in hybrid orbital
its
hence bond angle will be more than expected. Hence, bond angle HOC! is greater than HOF. is
Since Cl 2 is a srrong oxidizing agent, hence er is poor reducing agent, therefore PbCl 4 does from but
decomposes on heating.
25. (A) In (CH 3 ) 3 U, N is sp hybridized, having pyramidal srructure because of absence of vacant orbital on
3
x+ ~ Along,-axi,►
y y
+ Non-bonding
dr-y 2 Py
H
I
2 9 . (B) The correct representation of hydrogen bonding is H-N---- H-0
NH 3 +Hp ---+ NH! +OW I I
H H
and ammonia never acts as acid in aqueous medium.
NH:i +Hp ---+ NH 2+ H 3o+
fr, LIH:MIC/\L BONDING (Advanced) ·. _ .. ._ ~1 • _ _ ,
SUBJECTIVEPROBLEMS
1. 13 => sp 3 d
Group A l.P.
Px 4 1
Qy3 2
Rz2 3
x = Total l.P. = 6
AsF: => sp 3
Group B l.P.
Sx4 0 • I)
'ly3 1
Uz 2 2
y = Total l.P. =3
x/y == 6/ 3:::::, 2
2. n = 1, then X = H; A = N
(i) NH 2 (ii) NH 3 (iii) NH~
lone pair x = 2, y = 1, z = o
x 3 + y 2 +z = (2) 3 +(1)2 +(O) =9
4 . (i) NO -----+- NO+
2.5 3.0
Paramagnetic
(ii) o-2 -----+- 02-
2
(
(1.5) (1)
(iii) 02 -----+- 01 ....._
(2) (2.5)
Paramagnetic Paramagnetic
(iv) NO+ -----+- NO- \
(3) (2)
Diamagnetic Paramagnetic
(v) NO+ -----+- N0 2+
/
(3) (2.5)
Diamagnetic Diamagnetic
(vi) co -----+- co+
(3) (3.5)
Diamagnetic Paramagnetic
c3 -b2 -a=3 3 -3 2 -5 =27-9-5 =13
s. ➔ Unsymmetrical cleavage ofBjf 6: with small sized strong Lewis base like : NH 3 ,MNHz, Me:!JH
➔ Symmetrical cleavage of BJ-1 6 : with large sized strong Lewis base or weaker Lewis base like: PH 3 ,
PF3 , H-,co, T.H.F. Me 3N, pyridine. ·
H.....__ /1,!x_ /H
H/BXH/8'--H + 2L~ 2BH3L •·
· . - ... - ;_.. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY ,
Compounds Polarity
(iii) DE 3 (CIF3 ) p
(iv) CE 2(SF2) p
(v) BD 3E2CPCl3F2) NP
(vi) C,if.z(S/2 ) p
(vii) DE(ClF) p
o,/ ';c~
I
C
7...,c,
C
r
II
0
/
0 0
⇒ Ip-qi= 112-s1 =7
11. Compound
SX2 n1 =2 m1 =2
PX3 n 2 "'3 m2 =1
SiX 4 n3 =4 m3 =0
AIX3 n4 =3 m4 =0
2+3+4+312 =11212=1412=16
2+1
1 3 ·
12. Species having bond angle equal to or less than 109°28' and also can act as lewis base are:
e e <109028' ,. <109028'
H/~H Me,1~H H3Sl. ~O~~H
I 'H
H <109"28' Me I H
H H
C'!F.l,'il(AL BONOltJG (Advanced)
F
I (::)
s Ii"'~~09"28'
0;1µ-,,.0
I <109"28'
0 H
13. Oi[PtF6r
0 i has one unpaired e-
[PtF6r has one unpaired e-, because Pt is in +5 oxidation state so total unpaired electron is 2.
14. Ni, Oz, Bz, Nt
have symmeaical electronic disaibution in their HOMO and are also paramagnetic.
N 2paramagnetic and symmeaical electronic disaibution in their HOMO.
0 2 paramagnetic and symmeaical electronic disaibution in their HOMO.
B2 paramagnetic and symmeaical electronic disaibution in their HOMO.
N~- paramagnetic and symmetrical electronic distribution in their HOMO.
o~- diamagnetic and symmeaical electronic distribution in their HOMO.
C 2 diamagnetic and symmetrical electronic disaibution in their HOMO.
ci-diamagnetic and symmetrical electronic distribution in their HOMO.
15. Back bond found in each covalent bond in ➔ BF3 , PF3 , POF3
"'·ftle
16. \:...' b Cl
(a = b = c = d) < 900 due to lone pair-bond pair repulsion.
a Cl
Cl
17. In O(Me) 2 and MeNCS back bonding is absent.
18. B(OMe)z and HCHO can not form H-bond.
=> BL"'l;
.K:Sl·1BO·-.
a • .... -··
...... ~
.L
Mo
H~ ~f
C=~to
H/ I
[In AfCOLICO =60° and dOC :90°)
10 =Cl sin 60° = 2 .3S x0.866
=2.0351 A
I - I distance = 2 .03S 1 x 2 = 4.07 A ,., 4
21. (P)=(i),(ili),(iv),(vii)(4) • I
(Q) =(ii),(v)(ix)(3)
(R) =(vi),{vii)(2)
then QxR -P :3 x2-4 ⇒ 2
24. CHj,(C 3H 5 ) 3 Al,HCHO, TiC1 4 ,C0 2,Sid 4 ,BF3
25. H*HIH
H H
H
y=ll
27.
p=6, q =6; £ :; 1
q
28. x=3, y=l, z "'3
lr/7 .
29.
0
0 II o- 0 o-
II I o- IIp
~
P
s -o/lf''✓
-o/lf'o- o 11 -o/ff'o- if'll~o
0 0 o- 0
(R) (P) (R) (R)
0 0 0 0
II
Cr
-o/11 'o-
II o
-o/~"-s/ -
i II
s
II
s
a-'ll"-o/11"-o-
0 oO 0 0
(R) (P and Q) (P and Q)
P =3,R =4,Q .2
30. n =1, then X =H ; A =N
(i) NH 2 (ii) NH 3 (iii) NH;
lone pair x =2 • y = I, z = O
x 3 + y 2 + Z = (2)3 +(1) 2 +(0) = 9
32.
H.....,_
(1) _!¼"""3-C-F ( 2) H~ /F
> 109°28' H >109°~ ~ F
H
<3 ) l109°2s· (4)
H/~H
H
(5)
H.....,_ UH
__.¾"""),C-'-(__ <120° (6)
H.. . ,_C= c{H <1200
> 109"28' H H
H/ H
35. P =3 Q =2 R =l
Hence P +Q +R +S =6
36. VaJue of x Dipole moment
µ =0
µ .it0
x=2 µ .it0
µ=0
µ.it0
µ=0
Then, 0 + 3 + 5=8
•'• I.' \' ·• ,• I
• . .~. .~,::_·~.,,!t.:-, t ,,,, •
r6 .• ,,_.,...... • ..""'... "·" ,.
·i..
·~~ ,~-- \...
j • ,.;·
1
Classification of Ligands
' ' ,, I
1. The common features among the species CN-, CO and NO+ are :
(a) Bond order three and diamagnetic
(b) Bond order three and weak field ligands ·
(c) Paramagnetic and strong field ligands
(d) Paramagnetic and 7t - acceptor ligands
2. Ni 2+ ion can be estimated by using dimethyl glyoxime and forms a cherry-red precipitate. The
complex is stabilized by :
(a) ionic bonds (b) coordinate covalent bonds
(c) dative n-bonds (d) hydrogen bonds
3. Ammonia forms the complex [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2t with copper ions in alkaline solution but not in
acidic solution. The reason for this is : 'i
(a) In alkaline solution Cu(OH) 2 is precipitated which is soluble in excess of alkali
(b) Copper hydroxide is amphoteric substance
(c) In acidic solution hydration protects Cu 2t ions
(d) In acidic solution protons are coordinated.~ith ammonia molecules forming NH! ions
6. An effective atomic number of Co(CO) 4 is 35 and hence is less stable. It attains stability by:
(a) Oxidation of Co (b) Reduction of Co
(c) Dimerisation (d) Both (b) and (c)
'1. Which of the following pair the EAN of central metal atom is not same?
(a) [Fe(CN) 6 ]3- and [Fe(NH 3 ) 6 ]l+- (b) [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ]l+- and [Cr(CN)6]3-
2
(c) [FeF6 ]3- and [Fe(CN 6))3- (d) [Ni(CO) 4 ] and [Ni(CN)4] -
12. The magnetic moments of complexes given below are in the order :
(I) [Ni(CO) 4 ] (II) [Mn(CN)6] 4 - (Ill) [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ]l+- (IV) [CoF ]3-
6
(a) I> II> III> IV (b) I< II< Ill< IV (c) IV> II> I> III (d) IV< II< I< III
13. Which is low spin complex?
(a) [Fe(CN 6 )]3- (b) [Co(NO 2 ) 6 ] 3- (d) All of these
14. Which of the following are diamagnetic?
(I) K 4 [f'e(CN) 6 ] (II) K 3 [Cr(CN) 6 ] (III) K 3 [Co(CN) 6 ]
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
(a) I, 11 and IV (b) I, III and IV (c) II and III (d) I and IV
15. The s.e..in magnetic moment <?f cobalt in Hg[Co(SC~] is :
(a) ✓3 (b) ✓ 8 (c) ✓ 15 (d) ✓
24
16. The species having tetrahedral shape is :
(a) [PdCl.d 2- (b) [Ni(CN) 4 ] 2 (d) [NiCl 4 ]2-
17. Which one of the following has lowest value of magnetic behaviour?
(a) [Cr(CN) 6] 3- (b) [Mn(CN) 6]3-
(c) [Fe(CN) 6 ]3- . , , (d) [Co(CN) 6] 3-
18. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) [CoF6] 3- and [Co(NH 3 ) 6]3+ both are paramagnetic complexes
Cb) [CoF6]3- and [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]3+ both are high spin complex~s '
(c) [CoF 6 ] 3- is octahedral while [Co(NH 3 ) 6]3+ has a pentagonal pyramid shape
(d) [CoF6]3- is outer orbital complex while [Co(NH 3 ) 6]3+ is inner orbital complex
19, The magnetic moment of a complex ion is 2.83 BM : The complex ion is :
(a) [V(H20)6]3+ (b) [Cr(H 20) 6J3+ (c) [Cu(CN) 4 ] 2- (d) [MnCl..) 2-
20. Which of the following complex compound(s) is/are paramagnetic and low spin?
4
(I) K3[Fe(CN 6 )] (II) [Ni(C0) 4 ] 0 (III) [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ]3+ (IV) [Mn(CN) 6 ] -
Choose the correct code :
(a) I only (b) II and III (c) I and IV (d) IV only
21. The diamagnetic species is :
(a) [Co(H 2 0) 6] 2+ (b) [Ni(H 2 0)d 2+
22. The species which has four unpaired electron is :
(a) [Co(CN) 6] 4 - (b) [Cr(H 20) 6]3+ , ,, (c) [FeC1 4 ] 2-
23. Which of the following is a low-spin (spin-paired) complex?
(a) [Ni(NH 3) 6 ] 2+ (b) [Ti(H 20)6]3+
(c) [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ]3+ (d) [Fe(NH 3 ) 6]3+
24. The structure of K[PtC1 3 (C 2H 4 )] and hybridisation of Pt respectively are:
(a) square planar, sp 2 d 2 · . 1 (b) square planar, dsp 2
(c) tetrahedral, sp 3 (d) octahedral, d 2sp 3
25. For which of the following types of ions is the number of unpaired electrons in octahedral
complexes fixed at the same number as in the free ion no matter, how weak or strong the
crystal field is?
5 6
(a) d 3 (b) d 4 (c) d (d) d
26. Among the following pairs of complexes, in which case the t:,. 0 value is higher for the first one?
(a) [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]3+ and [Co(CN) 6 ]3- (b) [CoF 6 ] 3- and [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+
(c) [Co(H 2 0) 6 ]2+ and [Co(Hi0~ 6 ]3+ (d) [Rh(H 20) 6]3+ and [Co(H:P) 6 ] 3+
27. Dimethylglyoxime forms a square planar complex with Ni 2+. This complex should be :
(a) diamagnetic
(b) paramagnetic having~ 1 unpaired electron
(c) paramagnetic ha\iing 2 unpaired electrons
(d) ferromagnetic
28. What is the magnetic moment (spin only) and hybridisation of the hrown rin~
complex [Fe(H 20)sNO]S04?
(~) . ✓3BM,sp 3 d 2 (b) ✓3BM,d 2 sp 3 2 2
(c) .JisBM,sp 3d (d) JtS13M,tf spJ
1
INORGANIC CHEMISTP.Y •
32. Which of the following is true about the complex [PtC1 2 (H 20)(NH 3)]?
(a) It exhibits geometrical isomerism (b) It is paramagnetic complex
(c) Its geometry is tetrahedron (d) Platinum is sp 3 hybridised
33. The crystal fieldstabilisation energy of [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] Cl 3 is :
(a) -7.2A 0 (b) -0.46. 0 (c) -2.46 0 (d) -3.6A 0
34. The magnitude of crystal field stabilisation energy in octahedral field depends on :
(I) the nature of the ligand
(U) the charge on the metal ion
(III) whether the metal is in the first, second or third row of the transition elements
(a) I, IT, III only correct (b) I, II only correct
(c) II, 111 only correct (d) III only correct
35. Complex compound [Cr(NCS)(NH 3 )s][ZnCl 4 will be:
]
(a) colourless and diamagnetic
(b) green coloured and diamagnetic
(c) green coloured and shows coordination isomerism
(d) diamagnetic and shows linkage isomerism
36. The most stable ion is :
(a) [Fe(C 2 0 4 lJ]3- (b) [Fe(CN) 6 ]3-
(c) [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 - (d) [Fe(H 20) 6 ]3+
37. ln the complex K 2 Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ]:
(a) both Fe atoms are in the same oxidation state
(b) both Fe atoms are in different oxidation state
(c) the coordination number of ion is 4
(d) the complex is a high spin complex
38. In Na 2 [Fe(CN)sNO], sodium nitroprusside:
(a) oxidation state of Fe is +2 (b) this has NO+ as ligand
(c) both are correct (d) none is correct
183
39. An aqueous solution of titanium chloride, when subjected to magnetic measurement,
measured zero magnetic moment. Assuming the octahedral complex in aqueous solution, the
formulae of the complex is :
(a) [Ti(H 20) 6 ] Cl 2 (b) [Ti(H 2O)6]Cl4
(c) [TiC1 3 (H 2Oh] , (d) [TiCl2CH2O)4]
Structural Isomerism
40. Which of the following pairs of complexes are isomeric with each other but their aqueous
solutions exhibit different molar conductivities? · · '
(a) [PtC1 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Br 2 and [PtBr 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl 2
(b) [CoC1 2(NH 3 ) 4 ]NO~ and [CoCl(NO 2 )(NH 3 ) 4]Cl
(c) [Co(NO 2)(NH 3 ) 5 ]Cl 2 and [Co(ONO)(NH 3 )s]Cl 2
(d) [CoBr(NH 3 ) 5 ]SO 4 and [Co(SO 4 )(NH 3 )s]Br , .
41. The compounds [Cr(H 2O) 6 ]Cl 3 , [Cr(H 2 O) 5 CIJC1 2H 2O and [Cr(H 2O) 4 Cl 2]Cl·2H 2 O exhibits:
(a) linkage isom~rism . , . '.~ .,, (b) geometrical .isomerism
(c) ionization isomerism · (d) hydrate isomerism
42. Which one of the following pairs of isomers and types of isomerism are correctly matched?
(i) [Co(NH 3 ) 5 (NO 2 )]Cl 2 and [Co(NH 3 ) 5 (ONO)]C1 2 ••• (Linkage)
(ii) [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ][PtC1 4 ] and [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ][CuC1 4]. .. (Coordination)
(iii) [PtC1 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Br 2 and [PtBr 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Cl 2 ... (lonization)
Select the correct answer ·using the ~odes given below : .
(a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) Cc) (i) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
43. The two compounds ,· , pentaamminesulphatocobalt (III) bromide and
pentaamminesulphatocobalt (III) chloride represent :
(a) Linkage isomerism (b) Ionization isomerism
(c) Coordination isomerism , (d) No isomerism
44. Select the correct code about complex [Cr(NO 2 ) (NH 3 ) 5 ] [ZnC1 4 ] :
(I) IUPAC name of compound is pentaamminenitrito-N-chromium (III) tetrachlorozincate(ll)
(II) It shows geometrical isomerism
(III) It shows linkage isomerism
(IV) It shows coordination isomerism
(a) III, N , (b) I, III and N (c) . II, III and N . '' (d) ,I ; II, III and N
Coordination Number
49. The coordination number of a central metal atom in a complex is determined by:
(a) the number of only anionic ligands bonded to the metal ion
(b) the number of monodentate ligands around a metal ion bonded by pi-bonds
(c) the number of monodentate ligands around a metal ion bonded by CJ and pi-bonds both
(d) the number of monodentate ligands around a metal ion bonded by CJ-bonds
SO. Which statement about coordination number of a cation is true? .
(a) Most metal ions exhibit only a single characteristic coordination number
(b) The coordination number is equal to ·the number of ligands bonded to the metal atom
( c) The coordination number is determined solely by the tendency to surround the metal
atom with the same number of electrons as one of the rare gases
(d) For most cations, the coordination number depends on the size, and charge of the cation
Synergic Bonding
51. In the isoelectronic series ·of metal carbonyl, the CO bond strength is expected to increase in
the order:
r
(a) [Mn(C0) 6 < [Cr(C0)6] < [V(C0)6r Cb) [V(C0)6r < [Cr(C0) 6 ] < [Mn(C0) 6 t
(c) [V(C0) 6 r < [Mn(CO)d+ < [Cr(C0)6] (d) [Cr(CO) 6 ] < (Mn(C0) 6 r < [V(C0) r
6
52. Which is not rrue about metal carbonyls?
(a) Here CO acts as a Lewis base as well as Lewis acid
(b) Here metal acts as Lewis base as well as Lewis acid
(c) Here dn-pn back bonding takes place
(d) Here p1t-p1t back bonding takes place
2
56. The magnetic moment of [MnX,d is 5.9 BM. The geometry of the complex ion is:
-
2 2 3
2 3 3 2
(a) d sp ,sp d and dsp respectively (b) d sp ,sp 3 d 2 and sp 3 d 2 respectively
(c) d 2 sp 3 ,sp 3 d 2 and d 2sp 3 respectively (d) all d 2sp 3
64. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? ·
Complex • Number of unpaired electrons
(a) [FeF 6 ]3- 5
'J
(b) [Cr(en) 3 ) 2+ 2
(c) [Co(NH 3 ) 6 J~ I.
4
(d) (Mn(H 20)6]2+ 5
65. Which of the following complexes have a maximum number of unpaired electrons?
(a) [Ni(CO) 4 1 (b) [Co(NH3) 4 (NO2ht
2
(c) [Ag(CN)ir (d) [CuBr 4 ] -
66. The degeneracy of d-orbitals is lost under :
(I) Strong field ligand (1) Weak field ligand
(III) Mixed field ligand (IV) Chelated L 6and field
Choose the correct code :
(a) I, II and N (b) I and II
(c) I, II, III and N (d) I, II and III
67. The complex ion [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 - contains :
(a) total of 36 electrons on Fe 2+ ..:ation
3 2
(b) sp d hybrid orbitals with octahedral structure
(c) total of 104 electrons
(d) six sigma bonds
68. In [Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 ], pt-Cl bond length is 2 A and Cl-Cl distance is 2.88 A then the compound
is :
(a) tetrahedral (b) square pyramidal
(c) els-square planar (d) trans-square planar
Sp ce/Stereo Isomerism
69. Which of the following isomerism, exhibited by [CrC1 2 (OH)i(NH 3 )ir?
(a) Ionization (b) Geometrical (c) Hydrate (d) Linkage
70. Which kind of isomerism is exhibited by octahedral [Co(NH 3 ) 4 Br 2 ]Cl?
(a) Geometrical and ionization (b) Geometrical and optical
(c) Optical and ionization (d) Geometrical only
71. A metal complex of coordination number six having three different types of ligands a, band c
of composition Ma 2 b2 c2 can exist in several geometrical isomeric forms; the total number of
such isomers is :
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
72. How many geometrical isomers and stereoisomers are possible for
[Pt(NO 2 )(NH 3 )(NH 2OH)(Py)t and [Pt(Br)(Cl)(I)(NO 2 )(NH 3 )(Py)] respectively?
(a) 3 and IS (b) 3 and 30 (c) 4 and 15 (d) 4 and 30
73. Complexes given below show :
Ppb,'- - ~ '-· .)Ppb3 ~ ~ , ~
e1/~e1/Pt''- a Cl/Pt'-ct/Pt~3
(a) Optical isomerism (b) Coordinate isomerism
(c) Geometrical isomerism (d) Bridge isomerism
74. Fae and Mer isomerism is associated with which of the following general fonnula?
(a) [M(AA) 2 ] (b) [M(AA) 3 ] (c) [MABCD] (d) [MA B ]
3 3
75. Which of the following will have two scereoisomeric forms?
(I) (Cr(NO 3 ) 3 (NH 3 ) 3 ] (U) K 3 [Fe(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] (III) [CoC1 2 (en) 2 t (lV) [CoBrCl(ox) ]3-
2
(a) I only (b) I and II (d) All of these
(c) III and IV
76. Three arrangemenu are shown for the complex [CoBr 2 (NH 3 ) 2 (en)]lil. Which one is wrong
statement?
-'. .
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS 187
(a) I and II are geometrical isomers (b) II and Ill are optically active isomers
(c) I and III are optically active isomers (d) II and III are geometrical isomers
' '
77. Which of the following is not optically active?
(a) [Co(enh]u
(c) cis-[CoC1 2 (en) 2 r
78. Where among the following metal complexes the one whi~h ·exhibits optical ~ctivity is ;
(AA bidentate ligand; A, X =monodentate ligand)
(a) cis-[MA 4 X 2 ] ·, (b) trans-[MA 4 X 2 ] (c) · cis-[M(AA) 2 X 2 ] (d) trans-[M(M)zXz]
79. The optically active species among the following is : ,·
(a) [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ]3+ (b) [Co(CN) 6 ]3- (c) [Co(glyh~
80. Cis-trans isomerism is exhibited by : .) · '
(a) [PtCl(NH 3 hr (b) [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ (c) [PtC1 4 ) 2-
81. Which of the following will show optical isomers?
(I) cis-[Co(NH 3 )z(en)z]u (11) trans-[lrC1 2 (C 2 0 4 )i]3-
(111) [Rh ( enh] 3t c~-[Ir(H z()) 3 Cl 3 ]
r_ '(IV)
(a) I, III only correct (b) II, IV only correct
(c) I, III, IV only correct , . 1 1 (d) , III only correct
82. The complex with a maximum number _o f stereoisomers is :
(a) [PtC1 3 (C 2 H 4 )r ·1 ; (b) [CuBr 2Cl 2 ] 2-
1
1
(c) Both (a) and (b) '. • (d) Cannot be predicted
84. Which of the following isomerism is not possible for complexes having molecular formulae ?
(I) Pt(SCN) 2 · 3PEt 3 , (11) Co Br ·SO~ ·. SNH 3 (III) FeCl 2 · 6H 20
(a) Optical (b) Linkage (c) Ionisation (d) Hydrate
\ • I'
85. Coordination compounds have great imponance in biological systems. In this context which of
the following statements is incorrect? . , , ,,
(a) Carboxypeptidase-A is an enzyme and contains zinc
(b) Haemoglobin is the red pigment of blood and contains iron
(c) Cyanocobalamin is B12 and contains cobalt
(d) Chlorophylls are green pigments in plants and contain calcium
Ca) cis-[PtCl 2 (NH 3 )z] Cb) trans-[PtCl 2 CNH3)]
Cc) [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ]2+ Cd) [Pt(Cl 4 )] 2-
87. The cyanide complex of silver formed in the silver extraction in Mac-Arthur's Forrest
cyanide process is :
(a) [Ag(CN) 2 r (b) K 2 [Ag(CN) 3)
(c) [Ag(CN) 4 ] 2- (d) Na 3 [Ag(CN)4]
88. Complexes formed in the following methods are .:
(I) Mond's process for purification of nickel
(II) Removal of unreacted AgBr from photographic plate
(III) Removal of lead poisoning from the body
I Il III
(a) Ni(CO) 4 [Ag(CN)zr [Pb(EDTA)] 2-
(b) Ni(C0) 4 [Ag(S 20 ) ]3-
3 2
[Pb(EDTA)]2-
(c) Ni(C0) 6 [Ag(S203) 2 ]3- [Pb(EDTA)]4-
(d) Ni(C0) 6 [Ag(S203)r [Pb(EDTA)] 2-
Oxidation State
89. What is the oxidation number of Fe in [Fe(H 20)s(N0)]2+ ion?
(a) +2 (b) +3
(c) +I (d) 0
90. The oxidation state of iron in Na 4 [Fe(CN)s(NOS)] is:
(a) +I (b) +2
(c) +3 (d) zero
IUPAC Name
91. The correct name for the complex ion [CoCl(ONO) (en) 2 t is :
(a) chlorobis(ethylenediamine)nitrito-0-cobaltate (III) ion
(b) chlorodiethyldiaminenitrito-0-cobalt (111) ion
(c) chloronittito-0-diethyldiamine cobaltate (IJI) ion
(d) chlorobis(ethylenediamine)nitrito-0-cobalt (III) ion
92. IUPAC name of [Fe(0 2 )(CN) 4 Cl]4- is :
(a) Chloroterracyano dioxoferrate (Il)ion (b) Chloroterracyano peroxoferrate (Il)ion
(c) Chlorotetracyano superoxoferrate (II)ion (d) Tetracyanochloro superoxoferrate (II)ion
93. The IUPAC name of the Wilkinson's catalyst[RhCl(P Ph 3 h] is:
(a) Chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I)
(b) Chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (IV)
(c) Chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (0)
(d) Chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (Vl)
189
94. The correct formula of diammine dichlorodicyano chromate (III) is :
(a) [CrC1 2 (CN) 2 (NH 3 ) 2 ]l+ (b) [CrC1 2 (CN)z(NH 3 )z]3-
(c) [CrCl2(CN) 2 (NH 3 h] (d) [CrC1 2 (CN) 2 (NH 3 )zr
95. ThelUPACnameforK 2 [Cr(CN) 2 O 2 (O 2)NH 3 ]is:
(a) Potassium amminedicyanotetraoxo chromium (III)
(b) Potassium amminedicyanodioxygendioxo chromate (IV)
(c) Potassium amminedicyanosuperoxoperoxo chromate (III) '
(d) Potassium amminedicyanodioxoperoxo chromate (VI)
96. IUPAC name of H 2 [PtCl 6 J is :
(a) hydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV) (b) dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV)
(c) hydrogen hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid ' (d) hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid.
97. The IUPAC name for [PtCl(NH 2CH 3 )(NH 3 h]Clis:
(a) diamminechloro(methylamine)platinum(II)chloride
(b) (dimethylamine)chlorodiamminoplatinum(II)chloride
(c) bis(ammine)chloro(methylamine)platinate(II)chloride
(d) diaminechloro(mehylamine) platinum(II)chloride ·
98. The IUPAC nomenclature for the complex Na[PtBrCl(NO 2 )(NH 3 )] is:
(a) Sodium amminechlorobromo~itro-N-platinum(II)
(b) Sodium nitrochlorobromoammine-N-platinate(ll)
(c) Sodium amminebromochloronitro-N-platinate(II)
(d) Sodium amminebromochloronitro-N-platinum(II)
99 The IUPAC name of Xe[Pt F6 ] is:
1
• ·. :
(a) Hexafluoroplatinate(VI)xenon (b) Xenonhexafluoroplatinate(V)
(c) Xenonhexafluoroplatinate(VI) (d) Xenoniumhexafluoroplatinum(V)
! . J . _ ni 1
H bridisation • •· ll 1 I
2
1 oo. The magnetic moment of [N iX 4 ] - ion is found to· be zero. Then the ion is :
(X = monodentate anionic ligand)
2
(a) sp 3 hybridised Cb) spd hybridised
2
(c) dsp 2 hybridised (d) d sp hybridised
101. The hyb'ridised orbitals used by silver in the complex[Ag(NH 3 ) 2
3
r are of the type
2
:
(a) sp2 (b) sp (c) sp (d) dsp
'
t '
Classification of Ligands
1. Which of the following ligand does not as 1t-acid ligand ?
(a) N 2 (b) CO . (c) C2 H 4 (d) o~-
Sidwick's Rule of EAN
2. If E.A.N.of central metal cation M 2+ in a non-chelating complex is· 36 and atomic no. of metal
M is 26, then the number of monodentate ligand is in this complex are :
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) None of these
3. [Mn(C0) 4 NO] is diamagnetic because :"
(a) Mn metal is diamagnetic in free state
(b) Mn is in + 1 oxidation state in this complex
(c) NO is present as positive ligand
(d) All of the above
4. Choose the correct option.regarding the following complex compound which follows (F) and
does not follow (NF) the Sidgwick EAN rule :
(I) [(Ph 3 P) 2 PdC1 2PdCl 2 ] (II) [NiBrCl(en)]
(Ill) Na 4 [Fe(CN)sNOS] (IV) Cr(COh(N0) 2
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (I) (II) (III) (IV)
(a) NF NF . NF I NF (b) F F NF F
(c) NF NF F F (d) NF NF F NF
5. If CO ligands are substituted by NO in respective neutral carbonyl compounds then which of
the following will not be correct formula ?
(a) Cr(C0) 3 (N0) 2 (b) Fe(C0) 2 (N0) 2
(c) Cr(NO) 4 (d) Ni(CO) 2 (NO) 2
6. Which of the following species can act as reducing agent ?
(a) [Co(C0) 4 r (b) Mn(C0)6 (c) Mn(CO)s (d) Cr(C0) 6
9. Give the correct of initials Tor F for following statements. Use T if statement is true and F if it
is false. ·
(I) Co(III) is stabilised in presence of weak field ligands, while Co(II) is stabilised in presence
' . '
of strong field ligand. -
(II) Four coordinated complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) are diamagnetic and square planar. 1
4
(IIl)[Ni(CN) 4 ] - ion and [Ni(CO) 4 ] are diamagnetic tetrahedral and square planar respectively.
2
(IV)Ni + ion does not form inner orbital octahedral complexes. '
(a) TFfF (b) TITF
(c) TIFT ' (d) FfFf
10. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :
j
List-I
(I) [FeF 6 ]3- .(A) 1.73 BM
(II) [Ti(H 2O) 6 ]3+ (B) 5.93 BM
(III) [ Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ ,r .~ ' (C) 0.00 BM
j·•
''
...
I• •) • J I :, .
~ (IV) [Ni(H2O)612+ . I
ul •-; ! (D) ~.83 BM r; . .- ~ 'i • ,, . ~ . ~ ·' ;
{V) [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4- :! , ..
·~- ..
~
!I' j 1
(E) 3.88 BM .
r ,..,,..., •• • _, . , '"
/t
'
·r.. -· -·
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (I) . (II) ,, . (III) (IV) .. , . V .
(a) B A C D E (b) B A E ,._ D C
(c) B C D E A (d) D E - A B C
11. The value of 'spin only' magnetic moment for one of the following configuration is 2.84 BM.
The correct one is :
(a) d~ (in strong field liganq) , 1 1 : . 1 '
(b) d 2 (in weak field ligand)
(c) d 3 (in weak as well as in strong field ligand) ( (
Coordination Number
23. Consider the complex [Co(NH 3 ) 4 CO3]ClO 4 , in which coordination number, oxidation
number and number of d-electrons on the metal are respectively.
(a) 6, 3, 6 (b) 6, 2, 7 (c) 5, 3, 6 (d) 5, 3, 7
Synergic Bonding
24. Then-add ligand which uses its d-orbital during synergic bonding in its complex compound.
(a) CN- (b) PR 3 (c) NO (d) N
2
25. The IR stretchin frequencies of free CO, and CO in [V(CO) 6 r, [Cr(COh]- and [Mn(CO) 6 r
1
are 2143 cm- , 1860 cm -l, 2000 cm- 1 and 2090 cm -l, respectively. Then correct statement
about metal carbonyls is :
(a) 'C--0' bond is strongest in the cadon and weakest in the anion.
- COORDINATION COMPOUNDS 193
(b) 'C-0' bond is weakest in the cation and strongest in the anion.
(c) 'C-0' bond is longer in the cation than in the anion.
(d) 'M-C' pi bonding is higher in the. cation.
26. The rr-acid ligand which uses its d-orbital during synergic bonding in its complex compound:
(a) NO+ (b) PR 3 (c) C 6 H 6 (d) CO
27. Correct sequence of CO bond order in given compounds is :
(P) Fe(CO) 5 (Q) CO (R) H 3 B ~ CO (S) [Mn(CO) sr
(a) P>R>S>Q (b)S>P>R>Q
(c) Q>S>P>R (d) R>Q>P>S
(A) Ni(CN)t
(B) CuCl~-
(C) AuCI:4 (3) sp 3d.z 2
3 .
CD) Cl0 4 ': t {f~ ,· ~ (4) d X 2 -y 2SP . .
. , ·•.-...ti_..._.:;..,.~"'.-~ :.-.. :• .i ;... ,.;.
"
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 3 2 4 (b) 3 · 4 2 1
(c) 4 2 1 3 (d) 4 3 2 1
Space/Stereo Isomerism
43. Complex compound(s) having even number of space (stereo) isomers is/are :
(where AA-symmetrical bidentate ligand and a,b,c,d,e-monodentate ligands)
(a) [M(AA) 2 b2 ]n± Cb) [Ma3b3t± (c) [Ma.3bcd]n± (d) [Ma 2 bcde]n±
44. Which of the following isomersm is not possible for complexes having molecular formulae :
(i) Pt(SCN) 2 . 3PEt 3 (ii) CoBr · SO 4 · 5NH 3 (iii) FeCl 2 · 6H 20
(a) Optical (b) Llnkage (c) Ionisation (d) Hydrate
2
45. Unmatched characteristic of complex [PdC1 2 (H 20)i(NH 3 }i] + is :
(a) Diamagnetic Cb) Low spin
(c) Geometrical isomerism (d) Fae. and Mer. form
46. Which of the following has largest number of isomers ?
(a) [Co(en) 2 CI 2 t Cb) [Co(NH3)sC1]2+
(c) [Ir(PR 3 ) 2 H(C0)]2+ (d) [Ru(NH3)4C12r
47. Which one of the following complexes exhibit chiralicy?
(a) [Cr(ox) 3 ] 3 (b) cis-[PtCl2(en)]
(c) ci.s-[RhCI 2 (NH 3 ) 4 r (d) mer-[Co(N0 2 h(dien)]
~:·- .. ·.-. t·'
.--" 'I I • ..It
60. How many geometrical isomers are possible for complex [Mab(AB) 2 ]"±?
WS 004 W3 ~6
r
61. [CoC1 2 (NH 3 ) 4 + c l - ~ [CoC1 3 (NH 3 hJ+NH 3 . If in this reaction two isomers of the
product are obtained, which is true for the initial (reactant) complex :
(a) compound is in cis-form (b) compound is in trans-form
(c) compound is in both (cis and trans) form (d) can't be predicted
62. Select the correct statement about given square planar complex.
C tt' - .. . . . . . ~' ' -- :· . H.
6
: ~:;::C::-H2N~·····7Ni-I2-Gf'.\1
c~5...._I.C-H2Nv.! ~Pt, i .. 1.....-cH !
........,,~NH2-:-C ..... . . 3
:. H<'
.,• ,__ _ •.._ • - L
, .
-.->. •- ~ -
·····CH3
;...:.,.
(a) 4 4 6 (b) 4 3 5
(c) 3 3 5 (d) 3 I 4 6
0
64. How many geometrical isomers are possible or [Pd2+(N_H 2 -CH(CH 3 )-C0.2)i]
002 ™3 W4 ~6
65. Total number of stereoisomers of [Co(acac)iBrC1)] 0 are:
004 ~3 W6 ~2
66. Which of the following complex compound exhibits geometrical isomerism ?
(a) [Fe(DMG) 2 ] (b) [Be(gly) 2 ]
(c) [PdClBr(gly)] (d) [Cd(NH 3 )Cl(gly)]
· case racemic mixture is obtained on llllX1D8
67. In which . . its
• trurror
· images (d & l form) in 1 : 1
molar ratio?
(a) traru- [Co(gly) 3 ] (b) [Ni(DMG) 21
(c) cis - [Cu(gly) 2 ] (d) [Zn(en)(gly)r
68. Which of the following compound show opti.cal isomerism? +
(a) cis- [CrC1 3 (NH1 3 ) 3 ] (b) cis- [Co(NH 3 )4 Cl2]
(c) [Co(en) 3 Jlf- (d) trans- [Co(en) zCI2r
IUPAC Name
70. A complex whose IUPAC name is not correctly written is :
Complex Name
5
(a) Fe(cr-C 5H 5 ) 2 Bis(11 -cyclopentadienyl)iron(O)
(b) Cr(C6H6)2 6
Bis(11 -benzene)drromium(O)
(c) [CoC1 2 (H 20),i)Cl.2H20 Tetraaquadichlorocobalt (lll)chloride-2-water
(d) [Zn(NCS) 4 ] 2- Tetrathiocyanaco-N-zincate (U) ion
71. Which of the following is correct IUPAC name of any complex compound?
(a) Tris(acetylacetonato )iron(Ill)chloride
(b) Hexachloroplatinum(IV)tetraammine dicyano platinate(IV)
(c) Ammine bromochloro methylamine platinum(m
(d) cis-dichloro (ethy'lenediamine) platinum 00
72. Find out correct IUPAC name of complex compound .
(a) TriamminetricyanidochromiumOII)hexanitrito-N-inidate(lll)
(b) Pentaamminecyanidochromium(ill)hexanitrito-N-irridiumOU)
(c) Hexanitrito-N-irridium(IIJ)pentaamminecyanidochromate(Il)
(d) Pentaamminecyanidochromium(W)beunittito-n-irridace(IJI)
-----.
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS 199
3
PASSAGE 1
Magnetic moment, ionic conductance and colligative properties are useful in deciding
structure/constitution of a given unknown complex compound . .
1. If molar conductivity of complex is almost equal to that of NaCl and it does not exhibits
stereoisomerism then the complex will be :
(a) [Co(CO 3 )(en) 2 ]Br (b) [Co(CO 3 )(H 2O)i(NH 3 )i]Br
(c) [Co(CN)(NH 3 ) 5 ]Br 2 (d) [Co(CO 3) (NH 3) 4 ]Br
2. A metal M having electronic configuration (n - l)d 8 ns 2 forms complexes with co-ordination
No. = 4 and 6, if it forms diamagnetic complexes then permissible oxidation states of metal
cation and geometry is : .
(a) +2, octahedral (b) +4, octahedral (c) +2, square planar (d) (b) and (c) both
3. The cyano complex that exhibit highest value of paramagnetism is :
(a) [Mn(CN) 6 ] 4 - (b) [Co(CN) 6 ] 3- (c) [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- (d) [Cr(CN) 6 ] 3 -
PASSAGE ··
The crystal field theory assumes inte·raction betwee·n rrietal'ion and the ligands as a purely
electrostatic and ligands are supposed to be point charges.
1. Which of the following order of CFSE is incorrect ?
(a) [Cr(NO 2 ) 6 ] 3- > [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ > [Cr(H 2O) 6 ] 3+
(b) [Ptf 4] 2- > [PdF 4 ] 2- > [NiF 4 ] 2- . i
1. W.h .ch
1
· complex 10n
of the following • 1s · 4000 A to 7800 A region ?
• expected to a b sorb 1·1gh t m
4 3
(a) [Ti(en) 3 ] .. (b) [Cr(H 2 0)6] +
2
(c) [Sc(NH ) (H 0) ] 3•
3 4 2 2
(d) [Zn(en) (NH3)21 + 2
2. Compound 'X' has molecular formula CrCl 2 Br . 6H 20 can show type of isomerism.
(i) hydrate isomerism (ii) ionization isomerism
(iii) geometrical isomerism (iv) optical isomerism
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) only (b) (i) and (ii) only
(c) (i) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii) only
3. Comple.x compound(s) having even number of space (stereo) isomers is/are :
(Where AA-symmetrical bidentate ligand and a, b, c, d e-monodentate ligands)
(a) [M(M}ib 2 ]n:r: (b) [Ma 3 b3 )"± (c) [Ma 3 bcd]n± (d) [Ma 2 bcde]n±
PISSIIE 4
Ligands are broadly classified into two classes classical and non-classical ligands, depending
on their donor and acceptor ability. Classical ligands form classical complexes while
non-classical ligands form non-classical complexes. Bonding mechanism in non-classical is
called synergic bonding. . , _. ,
1. Synergic bonding is absent in :
(a) [Mo(CO) 6 ] Cb) [Cr(COh(B3N3H6]
(c) [Sc(CO) 6 ]3+ (d) [Ni(CN) 4 ] 4 -
2. Which is not rt-acceptor ligand ?
H 2C-CH2
(a) \~ (b)cr-C 5 H 5 (c)PH3 (d)B N H
3 3 6
11
3. In compo~und [M(CO) n ] , the correct mat.ch for highest 'M-C' bond length for given M, n and
z respectively :
M n z
(a) Cr 6 0
(b) V 6 -1
(c) Ti 6 -2
(d) Mn 6 +1
,111111 5
An isome~ of the complex CoBrCl2Cen)_2CH20), on reaction With concentrated H SO
(dehydranng agent), suffers no loss in we1ght and on reaction with AgNO - . . . 2 . ~
only white precipi.-e,_ which II soluble.Jn NH sollldon. ·3 so1UttQn it give
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
PASSAGE \ 6
Crystal field theory provides correct electroni~ · distribution .of · ~entral m~tal under
surrounding ligand field, hence it clearly ,e xplains~niagnetk mqment, colour of a_complex. l
21tC µ
l
where, k = force constant of the bond which is directly proportional to bond strength of CO
µ = reduced mass of ligand
v = stretching frequency of the CO bond
c = velodty of light
1. In which of the following complex stretching frequency for CO ligand is least as well as bond
energy of M--C bond is higher .
(a) (dien) Mo(COh (b) (Et 3P) 3 Mo(COh
(c) (F 3 PhMo(CO) 3 (d) (Cl 3P) 3 Mo(COh
2. In Mn 2 (CO)i 0 carbonyl complex, the d-orbital of Mn-atom which can not be involved in
synergic bonding between Mn and CO ligands :
(a) d:a Cb) diy (c) dYI (d) None of these
202
.h f • • h during synergic bonding in
3 • In w h1c o the following ligand, a-bond order does not c ange
their respective complexes :
(a) CO (b) N 2
(c) CH 2 = CH 2 (d) PEt 3
PISSIIE 8
Complex compounds that have the same molecular fonnula but have different snuctu.ral/
space arrangements of ligands around central metal atom/ ion are called isomers, tbese are of
two types namely structural and stereoisomers.
1. Which of the following is different among structural isomers?
(a) Oxidisation state (b) Co-ordination number
(c) IUPAC name (d) None of these
2. Types of isomerism exhibited by [CrC1 2 (N0 2 ) 2 (NH 3 )zr complex ion are:
(a) ionisation, optical (b) hydrate, optical
r ~) geometrical, optical (d) co-ordinate, geometrical
3. complex species that exhibits isomerism is :
(a) [Ag(NH 3 )zr (b) [Co(N0 2 )(NH 3 )s]2+ (c) [PtC1 2 (en)]
(
PISSIGE 9
A complex compound of chromium contains five NH 3 molecules, one nitro group and two
chloride ions for one Cr 3+ cation. One molecule of this compou~d produces three ions in aq.
solution, on reacting with excess of AgNO 3 solution, two moles of Agel get precipitated.
1. The formula of the complex compound is :
(a) [CrCl(N0 2 )(NH 3 ) 4 ]NH 3 -Cl Cb) [CrCl(NH 3 )s]Cl-N0 2
(c) [Cr(N0 2 )(NH 3 )s]Cl 2 (d) [Cr(NH 3 ) 5 ]N0 2 -CI 2
2. The types of isomerism shown by the complex compound is:
(a) geometrical, ionization (b) ionization, linkage
(c) linkage, optical (d) geometrical, optical
3. Magnetic moment of complex compound is :
(a) o BM (b) ✓2A BM (c) ✓15 BM (d) ✓3 BM
PISIIIE
According to C.F.T. , attraction between the central metal ion and lioands • ..
· h ·· l h' h , h a,c, 111 a comp1ex 1s
purely electrostatic. T e transition meta w 1c ,orms t e central atom catio • h ~ .
·· · I · d db· . . n lD t e comp1ex
is regarded as a pos1uve 100. t 1s surroun e , Y negative 11gands or neutral h' h
'f 1· d · mo1ecu1es w 1c
have a Jone pair of electrons, 1 the 1gan 1s a neutral molecule such as NH th . d
I •
· le m
of the dipo · ~Ii..
me mo Jecu1e ·1s d',
tree t ed t·owar
, d s .th,e metal catio--n Th·3• e neganve en
. _ 1
· • e e ectrons on the
central metal ion are under repulsive forces from those on the ligands Th th
occupy the d -orbitals remain away torn the d.lrectton of approach of lipn::. e electrons
.
~ ~;:::;::::=====~==========~::-.-;2;;0;;3;--,
1. Correct relationship between pairing energy (P) and C.F.S.E (~ 0 ) in
complex ion [Ir(H 2 0) 6 ] 3+ is :
(a) .1. o < P (b) .1. 0 > P (c) .1. 0 = p (d) cannot comment
2. The crystal field-spliting order for Cr 3+ cation is octahedral field for ligands CH 3COO-, NH 3
H 20,cN- is:
(a) CH3Coo- < H 20 < NH3 < cN- (b) CH3COO- < NH3 < H20 < cN-
(c) H20 < CH3Coo- < NH3 < CN- (d) NH3 < CH3Coo - < H20 < CN-
3. The value of 'x in the complex Hx [Co(C0) 4 ] (on the basis of EAN rule) ; and geometry
arround Co ion respectively is :
(a) 1, square planar (b) 2, tetrahedral (c) 1, tetrahedral Cd) 2 , square planar
1. If all the ligands in the co-ordination sphere of the above complex are replaced by CN-ion,
then the magnetic moment of the complex ion will be :
(a) 0.0 BM (b) 5.9 BM (c) 4.9 BM (d) 1.73 BM
2. If one mole of original complex is treated with excess Pb(NO 3 ) 2 solution, then the number of
moles of white precipitate formed will be :
(a) 2.0 (b) 1.0 (c) 0.0 (d) 3.0
3. Total number of space isomers of the formula of the above complex is :
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
... IIIIE
In complexes of weak field ligands, .1.o < P (Pairing_ energy), the energy difference between
t and e sets is relatively less. Under the influe~ce of strong field ligands, .1. 0 > p (Pairing
e~ergy), ihe energy difference between t2g and eg sets js relatively high.
1. Which of the following is correct statement ?
(a) Complex [Co(H 2 0) 6 ] 2 + is more stable than [Co(H 20) 6 ) 3+
(b) All complexes of Ni (II) are bound to be outer ·d-orbital complexes.
2
(c) Stability constant for [Ni(enh) + is greater than stability constant for [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ) 2+
(d) ,.1. 0 ct for [Cr(H 20) 6 ] 3+ is greater than .1.oct for [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+
2. Select the correct increasing order of 10 Dq. value for chromium complexes:
3
(1) [Cr(enh]3+ (2) [Cr(oxh] - (3) [CrF 6 ] 3 - (4) LCr(H,P)l)J 3 •
(a) 4< 3< 1< 2 (b) 3< 4< .2< 1 (c) 4< 3 < 2< 1 (d) 3< 4< I< 2
,. 115
3 • Select the correct statement regarding [Cr(en) C1
2 2
t and [Co(C2O4)2(NH 3 hr complex
ions:
(a) Both are equally stable complexes (b) Both have equal number of stereoisomers
(c) Both are diamagnetic complexes (d) (a) and (c) both
PISIIII
Complex compounds are molec~lar compounds which retain thei_r identit_ies even w~en
dissolved in water. They do not give all the simple ions in solunon but mstead furnish
complex ions. The complex compounds are often called coordination comp?unds beca~se
certain groups called ligands are attached to the central metal ion by coordmate or dative
bonds. Coordination.compounds exhibit isomerism, both srructural and stereoisomerism. The
sn-ucture, magnetic property, colour and electrical properties of complexes are explaine? by
various theories. ~~
Recent X•ray work. IR and other spectroscopic methods have proved th -r. b , bl .
identical to Prussian blue. · at .a,Um u11 s ue 1s
~ 1
When degenerate d•orbitals of an isolated atom/ion come ~nder influence of magnetic field
of Hgands, the degeneracy is lost. The two set t2g(dxy,dyz,du) and e8 (d 2 ,d 2 _ 2 ) are
'' · ,· either stabilized or destabilized depending upon the nature of magnetic field.x It ~an be
expressed diagrammatically as : · .
• • t
1
2
xl I I I • <
' !e: t,.
-~ ~(CFSE/'\
exIT] t2g
7. The extent of crystal field splitting in octahedral complexes of the given metal with particular
weak field ligand are :
(a) Fe(III) < Cr(lll) < Rh(Ill) < lr(III) (b) Cr(III) < Fe(III) < Rh(III) < Ir(III)
(c) Ir(III) < Rh(III) < Fe(III) < Cr(lll) (d) Fe(III) =Cr(III) < Rh(III) < lr(III)
.. -~~ .
5. Column-I Column-U
1
(B) [Cu(NH 3 )
2
6] + (Q) - 0, 6 flo1 sp 3 d 2 -hybridisation
2 3
(C) [Fe(H 20)6] 3+ (R) - 1. 2 6 o• d sp -hybridisation
CT) .P aramagnetic
6. Column-I _c o~~-n
(A) [MnC1 4 ] 2
- (P) sp 3 hybridisation
(B) [Ni(CN) 4 ] 2- (Q) Diamagnetic
(D) [Cu(NH3) 4 ] +
2
(S) dsp 2 hybridisation
..
, rOORDINhTION COMPOUNDS 213
Colamn•I Column-II
4
(A) [Fe(CN) 6 ] - (P) Paramagnetic
..col\Ullq..l Column-II
(A) [Ni(H 20) 6 ]Cl 2 (P) d 2 sp 3 hybridisation
(B) [Co(CN)i(NH 3 ) 4 ]0C 2 H 5 (Q) Ionisation isomerism
(C) [I~l 6 ] 3- (R) µ = 2.83 BM
(D) [PtC1 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]Br 2 (S) 6.o < p
Column-JI
0
(A) [Cr(glylJ] (P) Low spin complex
(B) [CoBr 2Cli(SCNh]3- (Q) High spin complex
(C) [Fe(NH 3 ) 6 ]3+ (R) Optical isomerism
(D) Na[PtBrCl(N0 2 )(NH 3 )] (S) Geometrical isomerism
~ Column-II ·
(A) Sodium nitroprusside (P) µ=OBM
(B) Brown ring complex (Q) Octahedral
(C) Complex of Ag formed during its (R) µ =✓ls BM
extraction
(D) Potassium ferrocyanide (S) NO+ ligand
(0) [Ni(H 20) 6 ]21- and [NiC1 4 ]2-- (S) Number of d-electrons
13.
Columa-1 Column-D
(Coerdinatfon compound) of laomerts.-i shown)
{A) Na 2 [Pt(SCN) 2(oxh] (P) Ionization isomerism
{B) [CrCl 2(NH 3 ) 4 ]NO 3 (Q) Linkage isomerism
(C) [Pt(N0 2 )(Gly)(NH 3 )] (R) Geometrical isomerism
(0) K 3 [Fe(OH) 2 (C 2 O 4 hl {S) Optical isomerism
14.
JP' .,, .......
15.
·. C:ol.....Q
(Molar conduetance (Com_plex compound)
at infinite dilution}
(A) 229 (P) [Pt(NH 3 ) 5 Cl] Cl 3
(B) 0 (Q) [Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 4 ]
(C) 404 (R) [Pt{NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ]Cl
2
(D) 523 {S) [Pt{NH 3 ) 6 ]CI 4
-
16.
Column-I
(Complex ions)
(A) [CrF6 ] 4 - (P) One
4
(B) [MnF6 ] - (Q) Two
(C) [Cr(CN) 6 ] 4 - (R) Three
4
(D) [Mn(CN) 6 ] - (S) Four
·(T) Five
17.
Column-I Cofuam.D
. (Coln_elexes) , (Hybridization of al
(A) Ni(C0) 4 (P) sp3
(B) [Ni(CN) 4 ] 2- (Q) dsp2
, (C) [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 - (R) sp 3 d 2
(D) [MnF 6 ] 4- (S) d 2 sp 3
t., I
18.
Colymn~. ~-----11
Coerdlnation compounds) (Type of isomel'iul)
(A) [Co(NH 3 ) 4 Cl2] (P) Optical isomerism
(B) [Co(enh]Cl 2 (Q) Ionization isomerism
(C) [Co(en) 2 (N0 2 )Cl]SCN (R) Coordination isomerism
(D) [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ][Cr(CN)6] (S) Geometrical isomerism
These questions consist of two statements each, printed as assertion and reason while
answering these questions you are required to choose any one of the following responses :
(A) If assertion is true but the reason is false
(B) If assertion is false but reason is true
(C) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assenion
(D) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assenion
1. Assertion : In N 2 molecule, any N-atom can coordinate with central atom/ion.
Reason : N 2 molecule can also act as ambidentate ligand.
2. Assertion : In N 2 H 4 , any one N-arom can coordination with central metal cation in a
coordination compound.
Reason: N 2 H 4 can also act as ambidentate ligand.
3. Assertion [Ti(H 20) 6 ] 4 + is coloured while [Sc(H 20) 6] J+ is colourless.
Reason d -d transition is not possible in [Sc(H 20) 6] 3+ •
4. Assertion Acidified [Cu(NH 3 ) ]2+ and [Cu(H 20) 4 ] 2+ both react with K4(Fe(CN)6] to
4
give brown ppt.
Reason Both complexes are blue in colour of little different shade.
5. Assertion: [Fe(EDTA)r complex is octahedral in shape.
3 2
Reason : EDTA is a hexadentate ligand and undergoing sp d hybridisation.
6. Assertion: Tetrahedral complexes with chiral structure exhibit optical isomerism.
Re·a son : They lack plane of symmetry.
7. Assertion Oxidation state of Fe in Fe(CO) 5 is zero.
Reason Synergic bonding takes place in this metal carbonyl complex.
8. Assertio.n Zeise's salt is a rt-bonded organometallic compound.
Reason : Zeise's salt contain C 2H 4 molecules as one of the ligand. .
9. Assertion : [CoC1 3 (NH 3 ) 3 ] does not give white precipitate with AgN0 3 solution.
Reason : [CoC1 3 (NH 3 h] complex is optically inactive.
3 2 2 3
10. Assertion : Transition metal ion forming octahedral complexes undergo sp d or d sp
hybridisation.
Reason Strong field ligands force the unpaired electrons of central metal ion to pair up
causing d 2sp 3 hybridisation whereas weak field ligands do not affect electronic
configuration of the metal ion undergoes in sp 3 d 2 hybridisation.
11. Assertion : Complex ion [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]2+ is readily oxidized co [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]3+.
Reason : Unpaired electron in complex ion [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2+ is present in 4p orbital.
12. Assertion Hydrazine is a neutral ligand.
Reason It has two N as donor atoms and behaves as a chelating ligand.
2
13. Assertion Complex anion [Re 2Cl 8 ] - has one 8-bond, one sigma and one rt-bond.
Reason d 2 orbital can never form 6-bond.
z
SUBJEaM PROBLEMS
1. Consider the following compounds with their regular geometries.
Compounds Geometry
A Square planar
B Trigonal bipyramidal
C Square pyramidal
D Octahedral
E Pentagonal bipyramidal
l ill lRll lNi\llllN t llMl'[) IINU\ .
Calculate value of (x + y - z)l, where x Is total number of axial d•otblt.Jth1 ha\1n~ 'l.llft, noda!J
plane, Y and z are total no. of non-axial end axial d-orbltals respecdVl!ly tlCh Q~ h.i\1ns twa
nodal planes used in hybridization of central atoma of compounds A to lt
2. How many n-bonds are present in ferrocene?
3. Consider the following complex compounds
(i) [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] [Cu(NO 2 ) 4 ] (ll) [Cr(py) 6 ] [Cr(SCN) ~]
(iii) [Co(NH 3 )s(N0 2 )][Pt(SCN) 4 ]
If x 1 ,xl,x3 are more possible coordination isomel'I of pven complex compound, re,pecdvel,.-
then calculate value of xf + x~ + x~.
4. Consider the following carbonyl complex compounds.
(i) Mo(CO)x (ii) Hy[Cr(CO)s] and (iii) Ru 3 (CO),
Then calculate value of iz + y - xi.
S. If x and Y are total number of electrons which are present in non-axial and axial let of
2 2
d-orbitals respectively in Ni cation of [Ni(DMG) 2], then calculate value of x .
y
6. Consider the following complex compounds :
(i) [Pt(NH 3 )i(SCN) 2 ] (ii) [Co(NH 3 h(N0 2 hl
(iii) [Pt(en)Cl 2 ] (iv) [Cr(en)iBr 2 i+
(v) [Rh(en) 3 ] 3+ (vi) [CoC1 2Br 2 ]2--
Then calculate sum of total number of geometrical isomers in all above complex
compounds.
7. Consider the following transformation
Cr(CO) x - - ? Cr(CO) y (NO) z
If both reactant and product follow EAN rule, then calculate value of x + z - y (where x,, y and
z are natural numbers).
s. Brown colour of the complex [Fe(H 20)s(NO)]SO 4 is due to C.T. spectrum which causes
momentary change in oxidation state. Find out oxidation state of Fe in this complex.
9. Calculate IC.R.S.E. I (mod value) is tenn of Dq. for complex ion [MnF 6 ]3-.
10. Total number of geometrical isomers of[CoBrCll( CN) (H 20) (NH 3 n- complex ion, in which all
halides are in cis-position.
4
11. What is CFSE of complex ion [FeF 6 ] - in tenns of Dq ?
12. How many more co-ordination isomers are possible of the compound [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ][Pta. 4 )?
13. Total number of space (stereo) isomers of complex ion [Cr(gly)(en)i]2+ are ....................
14. Calculate CFSE of light pink compound fanned, when KMnO 4 is reduced by acidified H~
15. How many electrons are present in t 2g set of d-orbitals of central metal cation in
[Fe(H 20)s(NO)]S0 4 brown ring complex?
16. A (Light pink colour complex) Pb 3o 4 /~l.HN0 3 ~ HMn0 4 H-p/H. . ~ A (Light pink colour
complex).
Calculate CFSE value in light pink colour complex.
1111 ll,I ,Al 11( I !II l~I', I11y ,
Where F.AN of mecal (M) in both product and reactant is same and it is 54 . Then calculate
value of (x + y - s). (where x,y and z are natural numbers and M b th
. . e1ong to 6 group
aa:onling to long form of penodic table)
AN
1
1. (a) 2. (d) 3 .. (d) ' 4. (c) ( . 5. • (a) .., 6.. (d) :· 7.' (d) '. 8. (c) 9. (c) \·( 10.· (d)
,
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (d) '. . 14. (b) 1 15. (c) ~. 16. (d) 17. , (d) :, 18. (d) 19. (a) ' 20. (c)
.. ,(' 1 ~ •. ; '
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (b) :'··_.-25 •.' (a) :. 26·. (d) ~,, 27. (a) -< 28. _ (c) , 29. · (b) 30. (a)
31. (d) 32. (a) 33. (c) :-- 34~ (a) ~5. (c) _': 36.' (b) t. 37. ' (a) ~•- 38. · (c) . 39. (b) 40. (d)
~~-
1
51. (b) 52. (d) 53. (d) • 54. (a) · 55_- (a) , 56. (a) ,~ 57.; (c) :· 58. (c) ·: 59. (a) · 60. (a)
-. . l ·: . if.( ~ • ~. .-!_
~
61. (a) 62. (b) · 63. (d) ·54_ (c) :.. 65. (d) 66. (c) . 67. (a) 68. (c) . 69. (b) : 70. (a)
I ,:..._ ,.
. . '• I . .
71. (b) '7 2. (b) 73 : (c) 74. · (d) ::. 75. (b) (. 76., (b} t' 77. · (d) 78. (c) 79. (c) 80. (d)
~' ,. ..:. • \ .- u •
5
81. (a) 8.2. (d) 83. (c) 84. (a) :· 85., (d) ;-_86. (a) • _87. (a) 88.' (b) ,89. · (c) .< 90.' (b)
.. 1 ( 1 •· ? • I •
· 3. , (d) :t .' ~.. - ~d) ' ~ 5.' 9.
1
1. (c) 2. (a) (d) ;{. 6. ! (d) .: , : :• (~~. : 8 ... (d) .: (d) -' ~10. (d)
. . ... ~,:;. .. ,.
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14/ (b) :. 1,5·,. (d) _16. (a) ;-, 17. (d) " 1e: (d) 19. (c) .. ·20. (a)
I "· • • • .. t_ ·, • l l ,· ...
1 1
21 . (b) 22. (b) 23. (a) (. 24. (c) 25 .. (b) 26. (a) · 27. (b) : 28. ; (c) 29. (d) 30. · (d)
•• } ~ ~- I :,.
31. (d) 32. (c) . 33. (a) i 34. (a) • 35. (c) 36,, (c) 1• 37. (b) ~· 38. {b) 39. (d) 40. (d)
I , .. '• . .,_ '
41. (a)
51. (d)
42. (c)
52. (a)
.
43. (c) ! .44. (d) -'. 45.; (d) : 46~- (a)
"''
53~ (c) ; : _54~; (c) ;,· 55. (a) , 56. : (c)
'· ,_ "
4r. (a) , 48. · (c)
··,
57~ , (b) ; 58.~ (a)
..
49; (a)
59. (c)
50. (c)
60. (a)
1. •• ...,
61. (b) 62. (d) 63. (d) !• 64.. (c) :-65:, (b) . 66. (c) 67.; (d) ..) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (d)
. '; ;:; .-~ i:
71. (d) 72. (a) ~
220
Ci+¥ ..,=
3
Passa._qe-1 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d)
Passage-2 1. (cl 2. (dl 3. (al
Passage-3 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (bl
,P assage-4 1. (c) 2. (a) . 3. (d) -·
Passage-5 1. (C) 2. (a)
Passage-6 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a)
Passaoe-7 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d)
Passa.Qe-8 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b)
Passage-9 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c)
Passa.ae-10 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c)
Passage-11 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b)
Passage-12 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)
Passage-13 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b)
Passage--14 1. (c) 2. {b)
Passage-15 1. (b) 2. (c)
Passage-16 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c). s. (~) 6. (a,) 1. (a)
Subjective Problems
1. 0 2. 6 3. 41 4. 8 s. 36 6. 6 7. 5
8. 1 9. 6 10. 6 11. 4 12. 3 13. 2 14. 0
15. 5 16. 0 17. 5 18. 6 19. 2 20. 8 21. 1
22. 1
Hints and Solutions
Level 1 __-, l
z+ OH-
3. (d) Cu (aq) + 4NH 3 ~ [Cu(NH ) ] 2+
3 4
2
OH+
Cu +(aq) + 4NH 3 ~ Cu 2+ +4NH: (No complex formation)]
As NH3 combines with H+ of acid and changes to NH! which have no donor site.
5. (a) Mn(CO) 5 + e ~ [Mn(CO)
5
r
less stable more stable, as EAN of Mn= 36 (Kr)
(0.A.)
19. (a) v3 + in [V(Hp)6 ] 3 +
3d 4s ~
µExp = .}2(2 + 2) = 2.83 BM 11 111 I I □ LLLJ
3d 4s 4p
3
20. (c) Fe + in [Fe(CN)6]
3
-I 1l I1l I 1IJLI'lLI [I] It I'1L 1·:u
--v
d2sp3
~
3d
d°2sp3
⇒ low and high spin complex is applicable for d4 to d7
configuration.
3d 4s 4p
1
Mn + in (Mn(CN)6l' 1l 1l 1~ '1L
2
I ! ! I I')[J!lj
d2sp3
⇒ low spin complex µ = 1. 732 BM
26. (d) In complexes [Rh(HP)6 ] 3 + and [Co(HP)6]3+, central metal cations ha .
as same ligands and they fall in same group, but ti 0 of [Rh(Hp) ]3~ ve same oxidation state as well
Rh 3.. has high Ze« value thanco +.
3 6
> Ao of [Co(H:zC)) ]3+ because6
3d 4s 4p
27• (a) Ni2+ , IJflJflJfl 1l 11 D ,I l I I .
' · 3d . 4s , 4p 1 1
2
Ni + in [~i (dmgh] IJfl JflJrlJWLI CQ,: I\I JI I
µ - 0 . dsp2 . _
28. (c) Number of unpaired electrons= 3
µeff = 3.9 BM
type of hybridisation= sp 3 d 2
29. (b) Increasing stability order :
{a) [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ < [Cu(en) 2]2+ < [Cu(aien)] 2+
Their formation entropy increases in the same order, because denticity of ligand increases
(b) [Fe(HP) 6 ] 3 + < [Fe(N0 2 ) 6 ] 3- < [Fe(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+
N0 2 is stronger ligand than NH 3
(c) [Co(HP)6] 3 + < [Rh(Hp)6] 3 + < [Ir(Hp)6 ] 3+
.(
Zeff value increases from Col+ to Ir 3 +
(d) [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ] 1+ < (Cr(NH 3)6 ] 2+ < [Cr(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+
Oxidation state of Cr atom increases from +l to +3 ; J •
cP 0(<}x
cm
OD
d-fonn
::::> Two stereoisomers
+
I J
1-fonn
minor
cc +
fj.- a- I
rK+~
+
OU)
::::>
·C~t,')
dl-d-fonn
Three stereoisomen
I '-c~n
(j
els-I-form
en i C~n
~ -l -·· · -!
er
trans-form
{muo-form)
mirror 3- 3-
ci- Cl- Br-
(IV)
ovrs I
r-----.__ I LB r-
ci.s•d-form
Br- -
-",c~x
(J
I ?+;
ci.s•l-form
.,t
-' 0--.-. CoI <+'l
ox
L/1'---.)
Cl-
+ ox
trans-form
I-
I "'- l:,.:
(meso•form)
'i ,I
.⇒ In' this square planar co:n~lex, oitly one confi~ation is possible. He~~e, gedme~~;i_,i~omerism is
not observed. ·
I I
_, _ __J
1. (d) Due to absence of vacant atomic orbital as well as 7t * molecular orbital, O ~- does not as 7t acid ligand.
3. (c) [M~(CO)lNO-)] : Paramag~~tic due to pr~sence of unpaired e-s in No-
....•·····•·ITIJ eg l
7. cc) It It 111 t I k:::··························~ p > 6c
Metal atom/ion ····•.... ........~- l
in spherical field ···j t It It It2g
of six ligands .
(d4 configuranon
. ) Metal atom/ion
in octahedral
field
8. (c) [Ni(CN)4 J''-; sp 3 ; Tetrahedral complex.
9. (d) (I) Both co:z.. andeo 3+ are stabilized in the presence of strong field ligands due to higherCFSE values.
(II) Because of higher z~ value on the valence shell of Pd 2+ and Pt 2+ cations they, always from inner
orbital complex.
(Ill) [Ni(CO) 4] ; sp 3 , tetrahedral, µ =0 BM
[Ni(CN)4]4- ; sp3, tetrahedral, µ =O BM
2
(IV) Ni + in the octahedral field.
[III]eg
3d ....•··········ITOJ t t
I1l I1l l ll I 1I l I1::::········--··--··········· A......................A.
·•. . l I
··..., 1l l1l l ll I J
Ni 2+ I1l Ill l1l It2g
in weak field Ni2 •
in strong field
⇒ i.e., electronic distribution remains unaffected.
3d 4s 4p 4d
10. Cb> o> 3
11e +inrFeF613- I t It It I t !t I ~ ·I
sp3d2
~--
µ = .Jscs + 2) = s.93 BM
3d 4s 4p 4d
I ti· ·I B I· ++3L
. ---..=I,........,,,-]
---v
d2sp3
3d 4.s 4p
om cr3+in[Cr(NH3)6)H t t t I I I t +·I B E++J
--v
d2sp3
µ = .J3<,_3 + 2) = 3.88 BM
3d 45 ~ ....-,-4'1=,--..,......,
2 2
(IV) Ni +in[Ni(Hj))61 +lt!lnlti)tltl E:J ~ l·+j
-v-
sp3d2
µ = ,,/2'.2 + 2) = 2.83 BM
3d 4r
(V) Fe 2 +in[Fe(CN) 6]+-- fl fl ti • • • • E:J ••••••
µ=0
14. (b) Hybridisation of Mn in Mn0 4: d 3.s
4p
[II]
3d ...•··_.... ~
I III t 1<::·....................Hyb. tt>,
Mnvn in spherlal ··,
field of four ·······[I]e,
oz-lisanda
d,,~d.,
Mn""in
u:tnhodnl field
n
29. (d)[Mn(CN)6l4-- : Hyb. : d 2sp3, µe.ff = ✓3 B. M ,, ~:~ . I• .-
ill • -
[Fe(NH3}6 ] 3+:Hyb. : d 2sp 3 ,µeff = ✓3B.M .
[Co(CO)4 ]:Hyb: dsp 2,µeff = ✓ 3 B.M
[Cu(HP) 6] 2+: Hyb.: sp 3d 2,µe/f = ✓ 3B.M , ' . . . .
30. (d) (Cr(en)3] 3 +; Hyb. : d2sp 3 ; does not exhibit geometrical isomerism but exhibits optical isomensm.
[IrFiHP)i{NH 3)]; Hyb. :d2sp 3 ; exhibits geometrical isomerism but does not exlnbit optical
isomerism.
[NiCli(en)i]; Hyb. : sp 3d 2 ; exhibits borh geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism.
[Co(CN)z(oxh] 3- ; Hyb.: d 2sp 3 ; exhibits both geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism.
33. (b) Cp~-is a bidentate ligand, hence due to chelation ~o is high, and [Co(ox) ] 3 - is an inner-orbital
3
complex having d 2sp 3-hybridization. •
4s , 4p
~~3~d~ __,...-·····•eg[IJ D I I I l
36. Cb) 1t111 t I f:::_ .......................... ~o - ' •J
>·····.t2sl t I t I t 1 !
Hence, hybridization : d 2sp 3
2 2 2
37. (d)In (Cu(NH3)4 ] +,cu + is dsp hybridized, hence structure is square planar and complex is
paramagnetic.
38. (d) K3 [Co(oxh] is inner orbital complex with d 2sp 3-hybridisation.
39. (a) Peroxide ion is diamagnetic while dioxygen is paramagnetic.
Cone. Hz,5O 4 can dehydrate water'~f crystallization from [CrCl(Hp) ]Cl -H..n b .
5 2
those water molecules which are working as ligands. z-., Ut lt can not remove
40. (d) [Co(enh] [Cr(CJ) 4)3 L[Co(Cp 4)(en)2][Cr(CP 4 h(en)]. ''
[Cr(Cp 4 )(en)i] [Co(CJ) 4h(en)],
[Cr(en)3] [Co(Cp 4)3], Total coordination isomers= 4
[Cu(NH 3)4 ] [CuCl 4 ]. [CuCl(NH 3 ) 3 ] (CuCliNB 3 )]
Total coordination isomers =2
[Ni(en)3 ] [Co(NO 2 ) 6 ], [Ni(NO 2 )z(en)2) [Co(NO 2 Men)],
[Co(NO 2 h(en)2 ] [Ni(NO 2 Men)], [Co(enh] [Ni(NO 2 ) 6 ]
Total no. of coordination isomers = 4
41. (d) NO 3 ion never acts as ambidentate ligand.
42. (b) Complex [Cr(NO 2 )(NH 3 ) 4 ][Zn(SCN)4] can not shows optical acti .
Vlty.
44. (a) (i) Pt(SCN h
4d 5s Sp
□ I ·I I
(a) m.m. = 0 B.M. (Diamagnetic)
(b) Low spin complex
(c) Show geometrical isomerism 5 geometrical isomer (1 ci.s + 4 tran.s)
(d) Ma3b..3 type complex show fac and mer form and this complex is Ma.J¥i type, so does not show fac
I
and mer form
koxl- -~ ] ]3-
ox~---C-~i
3- Mirror [
· NH3
r
~-!--·;·; ~
51. (b)
~-r----~
en ; • Co , en
NH3
d-form l-form optically inactive optically inactive
cis-form
Cl-
a-
er i
53. (d)
H3N'-....
Cl-
l
Co
/0H2 H3N'-,..t/NH3
HN
H3N
3 Yil 3+/er
f 'cl-
H3N'-.,
coH
H3N/ i '-..c1-
/NH 3
Cl-
H3N/l 'NH3 H3N/b '---NI-13 NH3
NH3 H2 crans
cis
cl$ traN (b)
(a)
a- c1-
H3N......._,
co2+
l ✓a-
H:,N----....
Co2+
/NH3 l
H3N/ l "---NI-13 H3N-',..,.,.. 'NH3 t
NH3 er
cl$ trans
(c)
sr3x
:J-
Cl
:J-
Cl
:J-
a
1
54. (a) x~L3~ '&<+bx
0 '-.)
\__/ l~
d-fonn l-form meso-fonn
3- 3- 3-
Br Br Br
"I
~eo'D ,.....,...c1 ~n
(j ~
\_.,/I
Cl
55 • (a) In tetrahedral all the position are adjacent to one ·another hence only one isomer is possible
~ --··~ ~·····~
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
They are:
58.
(d-fonn) (1-fonn)
Orientation of the ligands does not affect asymmetric ·of the complex.
NH3 - NH3 . -
r----....1 /NH3 r----.... l .
(iii) ox Co3 + ox Co~x
(iv)
rn\l
'---Cr
/Cl
0
\I /NH~
r'---Cr 0
\l ✓~H3
r'--er
l '----NH3 I ~NH3 I 'NH3
N~ Cl Q
C~L/N02
H3N/ / '------cl
NH3
cis rrans rrans
N0 2 NH3
c1"---.. I _,.,...,-NH3 Ct"---- I _,.,...,-N02
Cr Cr
Cl/ I '----NH3 c1/ I "-No2
N0 2 NH3
trans trans
⇒ No. of Geo. Iso.
60. (d)
trans-form trans-form
Cl
+
Cl
Cl
H3N"---.. I 3,.,,,.c1 _ H3N"---.. I _,.,...,-Cl I :,_,,,,-c1
61. (a) co + + Cl - Co and H3N" -
H3N/ '----NH3 I H3N/ '----NH3 I
H3N/ I "-...c1
Co
NH3 Cl
ci.s-form NH 3
trans-form
ci.s-form
62. (b) The complex does not contain any element of symmetry hence the c f . . .
therefore, it is optically active. on igurat1on 1s asymmetnc,
a ·a. a.
63. (d) (I) b~_.,,.,.-<' C"'-- I/ b b'----..1 /c
V
C
I"'-a v1"--a v1"--a
a a
cu-form rraru-form trans-form
(III)
C
cis-forrn ,i ,I'
optically active
, ;.. 1• • n;ans-form ·i , ,,
optically inactive
64. (c)
. ' .
I'
66. (c) [Pd(Cl)(Br)(gly)] is square planer complex hence it can exhibits geometrical isomerism.
67. (a) Trans [Co(gly)3 J is optically active complex, hence equimolar mixture of' d' and 'l' form on mixing
givesracemicmixture. · · ,_.,,,., .. ,.,;i i, ,_
3
68. (c) Compound [Co(e.n) 3 ] + can show optical isomerism.
Mirror
A
rA ., 3+,, 1 .1
A~ 3+ ,
A l1r
'\. l ,,....-A)
/Co..._A
A f
·A
...... c /
( A_.
.
o,
l A
' I \, '
V A_,1
l-form d-form
--.:;:
• I IN(ll-H,/ltll( ( Ill Ml', I I' '/
..... '
-- f
Passage-3
+IV
1. (b)[Ti(en)3 ]++: No.ofunpairedes=-0
[Sc(NH 3 MHP) 2] 3 +: No. of unpaired es =0
[Zn ( en)z(NH 3 ) 212+ : No. of unpaired es =0
These complexes do not absorb light in visible range due to absence of unpaired electron and hence
they are colourless.
While, in complex [Cr(H :P)6 ] 3 + there are unpaired es and it is coloured due to absorption of light in
visible range. ·
2. (a) From formula CrCl~r-6HP following complexes can be derived
[Cr(Hp) 6 ]BrCli(CrBr(HP)5JC1 2 -Hp
[CrCl(HP)5 ]BrC1 ·HP(CrCl:z(HP) 4 ]Br ·2Hp
[CrBrCl(H:z0)4 ]Cl-2H:P
3. (b) [M(M)2b.i]n:1: : No. of space/stereoisomers = 3
[Ma ~)1l± : No. of space/stereoisomers = 2
3
[Ma3bcd]n± : No: of space/stereoisomers :a 5
[Ma:zl>cde]n:1: : No. of space/stereoisomers = 5
Passage-4
+ID . i· +ID
l. (c) Sc : 3do4 5 o, As d-orbitals at Sc are empty, hence, there is no synergic: bonding in [Sc:(CO) ]3+ .
6
2. (a) No vacant 'd' or x * orbitals on CH2- CH2
~I
. positive oxidation state of metal, poor will be M ~ L hence
3 • (d) Higher the M+l
n- C b ond will
. longer
among given complexes.
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS 235
Passage-5
1. (c) [CoBr(en)i{HzC))]Cl 2 : Its trans isomer is optically inactive. '
2. (a) [CoBr(en)i(Hp)]Cl 2
J- •
Passage-6
1. (c) K4 [Fe(CN)6 ] : Low spin complex : P < Ao
2
[PtCl 4 ] - : Low spin complex: P < ti. 0
3 • I
[CoF6 ] - : High spin complex : P > Ao .
2
[Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ] + : High spin or low spin not defined. ·
2. (c)
.,
I I• ;, 5s Sp Sd
1•:·• □- ·1 I I I·.
II 11 ~ 6\ •
' I I
·•;H I J.
1
JI it .. _r 1
' I
4d
1l 1l 1 1 1
r,
t 28 t 1l 1l
p < Ao
Rh++ in [Rh(NH 3) 6 ] 2 +
3. (a) In [Mn(Hp)6 ] 3 +: Both selection rules are followed due to unsymmetrical filling of~ set of orbitals.
Passage-7
. ,
1. (a) dien is not 1t-acid ligend while PF3 ,PC1 3 ,PEt 3 are x-acid ligands, therefore extent of Mo~ CO back
bonding in (dien) Mo(C0) 3 is maximum in order to d~sperse increased electron density at Mo; while in
other complexes all ligands participate in M ~ L back bonding.
1
Extent of back bonding aMo-CO bond order ex: •
stretchmg frequency of CO
2. (b) As ·<ix, forms 6-bond in.Mn 2(CO~o
3. (d) As PEt 3 accepts M ~ L back bonding into non-axial d-orbital of phosphonis and it fonns M ~ L
bond using its non-bonding molecular orbital. ,
6. (a, b, c, d)
. . . . d electron density at metal.
Given ligands accept M ~ L back bonding to disperse rncrease
8. (a, b, d)
A : [CoCl(NH 3) 5)-BrCl
B: [CoBr(NH 3)5J-Cl 2
C: [CoBrCl(NH 3)4 ] ·Cl
9. (a, c)
[PtBrCl(gly)r and [Pd(N0 2 )(ox)(gly)) exhibit geometrical isomerism.
10. (b)
[Ru(en)3] 3+ : Hyb. : d 2sp3; does not exhibit geometrical isomerism but exhibits optical isomerism.
[Co(H..,C:,)Cl 3]: Hyb.: sp 3 ; does not exhibit both geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism.
[PtBrCl(Hp)NH 3] : Hyb. : dsp2; exhibit geometrical isomerism but does not exhibit optical isomerism.
[FeBr2(en) 2:t : Hyb. : d2sp 3 ; exhibits both geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism.
17. (a,b,d) .
F-, c1- and OH- are weak field ligands usually form high spin complexes.
CN- and N0 2are strong field ligands usually form low spin complexes.
[Ni(C0)4 ] is low spin complex.
18. (b,c)
Irrespective of nature of ligand field, magnetic moment of octahedral complexes having metal ions in
d1, d 2 , d 3 , d 8 , d 9 configuration, remains same.
Element may or may not form colourless complex.
19. (a, d)
Irrespective nature of ligand, complex compound having <f to d 3 configuration-inner orbital complex.
Irrespective nature of ligand, complex compound having d 8 to J 0 configuration-outer orbital complex.
20. (a,d)
~.d:r~rl0~l•c=pl~
Coordination isomerism occurs when both cation and anion are complex, caused due to interchange of
22.
1hzns-fonn ci.s-fonn
(optically inactive) (optically active)
,~ and traru are diastereomers to each other.
23. (a,b,c,d)
cis-{CoB~l(enht will exhibit optical isomerism. No, of .
[Pt(N0 2 )(NH 3 )(NH..,C:,H)py]J+ and space isomers for [PtBrCl](NO )(NHg)e(om)etrtcal isomers of
• 2 3~~~ els and trans
forms are d1astereomers to each other.
23
Planr~ -~retry2--
2- 2-
: cl- :
24. (a, d)
H~j J,,ow '
: Cr 3 +:
-ci-il ~1-
: NH;.1:
cis-form trans-form rran.s-fonn
Optically inactive Optically inactive Optically inactive
cr3+m[cre13(0Hh(NH 3)] 2-
'
\
3d
1I 111 r-c:. +·I 4s
E:] _I·++
-v-
4p
•I
_ _ _ _::>
µ = 3.9 BM cflsp3
25. (b, c, d) .
F?rmula of the complex [Com(SCN 2 )(NH 3 ) 4 h[Com(ox)3 ]
Linkage isomerism is due to presence of sCN-
Optical isomerism is exhibited due to presen~e of [Co(ox)3 ]J- complex ion, which has asymmeuic ·
structure.
Geometrical isomerism is exhibited due to cationic pan :
SCN + SCN
H3N'----- I
Co
nrscN H3N'---- I
Co
nr'NH3
26. (a, c, d)
[PtCl 2(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ ⇒ both cis and trans forms are optically inactive
() ]3- , --
(b) { ) ; • )
[ Lox
⇒ Due to asymmetrical configuration, it exhibits optical isomerism.
(c) [:><:r
square planar
'
⇒ Due to plane of symmetry does not exhibit optical isomerism, but exhibits geometrical isomerism.
a
I r: 1 r
(d) b//"-d
C
⇒ Tetrahedral complex, Asymmetric configuration, hence exhibits opti.cal isomerisms.
• >
· INORG/i.lll( CH[MISTR) ~ .,,
27. (a, d) M ➔ L, In metal carbonyl complexes, C-0 bond length increases compared to
th
at in CO
molecule as filled 'd' orbital of metal atom overlaps with n-antibo nd ing M.O. of CO
[CrCl3(H:z())3]. 3Hp is not hydrate isomer of [Cr(H:P)6 ]Cl 3 •
Facial and Meridional isomers of[Ma °-3t+ complex are optically inactive as each one contains plane of
3
symmetry.
28.
[
do/NH']+Cl
l~NH3
⇒ Optically inactive
Cl
trans-form
NH3 ]+
[ ·q~, Inycl
NH3
⇒ Optically inactive
trans-form
Total isome~ = 4
-<=o 4 in presence o f FeSO duet t
30. (a,b,c) Nitrate ion gives a brown ring when reacts with cone · H ~ •
o f [Fe(H:P) 5NO]S0 4 complex compound. Brown colour is just d t O ch 4 o onnatmn
(b, c, d) ue arge transfer spectra.
34.
(b) Sodium hydridotrimethoxoborate(III)
(c) Bis (benzoyl acetaonate) beryllium(II)
(d) Tetracltloroauric(III) acid.
8. (A)R, S
r :;· . ,
,.--···{iJ]Je,
!1l l1l I~fI 111 f<:::::::::::::::··· . <P
J t" µ = 2.8 BM, Hyb. : sp 3 d 2
··;······•IJill[[l 12, !'
Nt2+ In
Octahedral field
(B)P, Q
[Co(CN):£NH 3 ) 4 JOC[I 5
Its ionization isomer [Co(CN)(OC{l 5)(NH 3 ) 4 ]CN
3d 4s 4p
~ J2sp3
(C) P
Sd 6s 6p
Ir3+in[IrC~]3- ~ , µ =O
d25PJ
(D) P, Q
[PtCl:z(NH 3 ) 4 ]Br:z, d2sp 3, octahedral,µ =0
There are two ionisation isomers : [PtBrCl(NH 3) 4]BrCl, (PtBr:z(NH3)JCl2
10. Sodium nitroprusside-Na 2 [Fe (CN)5 NO]
Hyb? - d 2sp 3; µ = O; octahedral, NO+ ligand
+I
Brown ring [Fe(H:P)5N0] 2+
Hyb" .-sp 3d 2; octahedral, m =3.89 BM, NO+ ligand
Complex formed during extraction of Ag is [Ag(CN) 2 r
Hyb" -sp; linear, µ = 0
Potassium ferrocyanide-K,t(Fe(CN) 6]
Hyb"-d2sp 3 ; octahedral,µ =0
11. (A) [Ni(C0)4] K2[Ni(CN)4l
Ni in [Nl(C0)4] Ni2+ in [Ni(CN)41 2-
....
sp3: ciqJl:
Tetrahedral Square planar
µ=0 µ=0
FAN =28-0 +4 x2 =36 EAN =28 -2 +4 x 2 =34
(B) [Cu(Nlig)4]S04 K3[Cu(CN)4 ]
cu2+ in [Cu(NH3)4J 2+ cu+ in [Cu(CN)4l3--
~
3d
fulnl;:jn[ill J:;t§
dsp 2 : Square planar
~J : Tttrahedr.i
µ =l.732BM µ=0
EAN = 29 - 2 + 4 x 2 = 35 EAN =29 -1 +4 x2 =36
( ( l[IIWINf'.l lllN l OMf'Ol lNI)')
3d 4s 4p 3d 4J 6p
lt~IHIUI t It I
~
sp 3 : Tetrahedral
~ dsp 2 : Square planar
µ•ff =2.8 BM µ.rr =0
EAN = 28 - 2 + 4 x 2 =34 EAN = 78 - 2 + 4 x 2 =84
rN j •ctJ•
2
- rN ] [
2
-
2N• •
[{)!6CN 2Na'
cis-form tran.s-form
cis-form is optically active.
{B)[CrCl 2(NH3)4 )N03
[Cr(Cl) (N0 3 ) (NH3)4]Cl
Ionization isomer of complex
NH3
~NH3 c},·l•.
/ Cr /
Cl L.T ..:-::::.,,.~H3
NH3
ci.t-fonn tran.s-fonn
Both cis and tran.s-fonn are optically inactive.
' 11 ,.
Pt<£)+
H H
EJ@VU
I Pt
(J~c~
·· 'UI~
H H
(C)Na[CO(CO)4]
EAN of Co = 27 + 1 + 4 x 2 = 36 (Kr)
Co ~ CO, synergic bonding takes place.
, a . .
Co~CO
co::::=) + (!)c-o: _ c0-c-o:
-:---
l__ - - . . .-
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
---··- -------------~------~----2f3
Co~ CO
, >. 1(.
9 WJ
o- c1-c1-
Hyb. dsp 2
.. '
Subjective Problems
1.
D Octahedral sp3d2
dr2-y2 d
.. 2 ;
1~
dxy
1~
ds2
1~ 1~
dys du
Hence x = 6, y = 2
2x 2
2x36
:.Value o f - = - =36
y 2
6. Complexes No. of geometrical isomers
(i) [Pt(NH 3 ),.(SCN) 2) 2
(ii) [Co(N0 2 h(NH 3 ) 3 ] 2
(iii) [Pt(en)Cl,.] 0
(iv) [Cr(en)~r2f 2
3
(v) [Rh(enh] + 0
(vi) [C0Clzl3r2]2- 0
Hence, sum of total number of geometrical isomers = 6
7, Cr(CO),.. --+ Cr(CO)yCNO),
x=6,y=3,z=2
Hence, x + z - y = 6 + 2 -3 = 5
+l
a. CFeCHP)sCNO)JS04
Experimental evidence : µ 9 lf(obs) ., 3.89
3d , ,,> .__1....__,
Ao +0.Mo
10.
Br Br Br
· H 2O---L---CI
, , I /• H N---L·-·Cl H2,,1
O---1..---Cl
3,,1 /• /•
: c°'-: :
•/1,•
CQ : : c°'-: .
H3~-~---i NC· -·t···I NC:-:-~---i
CN H2 0 NH 3
+I
1s. ⇒ [Fe(Hp)5CN0)] 2.. so~-
+1 +l
Fe(3d7 ) in (Fe(Hp)s(NO)]:z:+.;'10 < P
[IlJJ
d~y2dz2 eg·······1A
0
1 11 111
1t2g...
dxA,zd%X
CFSE of pink colour complex
=3x(-¾t1 )+2x[¾lio] =0
0
Level
General Principal Involved in Metallurgy
1. Highly electropositive metal(s) can not be commercially extracted by carbon reduction process
at high temperature because these : .
(a) matals combine with carbon to form covalent carbide
(b) metals combine with carbon to form ionic carbide
(c) tiG of highly elecrropositive metal oxide is havi~g low negative value
I
(d) metal oxides are not reduced by carbon
2. Consider the following reactions at 1000°C.
(I) Zn(s) + 1/2 0 2 (g) ~ ZnO(g); t!.G 0 = -360 kJ mo1-
1
Refining of Metals I
60. Impure aluminium is purified by :
(b) Hall's process
(a) Baeyer's process
( d) Serpeck's process
(c) Hoop's process
61. Which is not correctly matched :
:Mn+Fe+C
{a) Spiegleisan
: Ca(OH) 2
(b) Dow's sea water process
: Ag
(c) Parke's process
: spelter (Impure Zn)
(d) Llquation
INORGANIC CHEMl<ilRY
The processes used for obtaining magnesium, nickel and copper are respectively :
(a) (I), (II) and (III) - . . (b) (II), (III) and (I)
(c) (III), (I) and (II) : ) (d) (II), (I) and (III)
11. When alumina is heated with carbon in nitrogen atmosphere, the products are :
(a) Al + CO (b) Al + CO 2 •
(c) Al + CO + CO 2 • '· •·. (d) AlN + GO
12. MgO is used as a refractory material because :
(a) It has high melting point , ·, (b) It is a good conductor of heat
(c) It is a good electrical insulator (d) All of these
I ' q, .
Extraction of Metals
22. In which of the following pair of mecals, both are commercially extracted from their respecth-e
ores by carbon reduction method?
(a) Zn, cu (b) Fe, Cu
(c) Sn. Zn (d) Al, Ag
:as. Formation of metallic copper from the sulphide ore in the commercial metallurgical p ~
involYes.
3
(a) CUzS+ -0 2 ___. Cu 2O + SO 2 ; Cu;2O+ C --+ lCU + CO
l
(b) CUzS+ iOJ __. CuJO+SO2; 2Cu 2O+CuzS--+ 6Cu+so 2
CUSO 4 + Cu 2S --+ 3CU + lSO 2
CU1O+CO--+ 2CU+COJ
257,
24. There are following extraction process of silver but not :
(a) as a side product in electrolytic refining of copper
(b) Parke's process in which Zn is used to extract silver by solvent extraction from molten lead
(c) by reaction of silver sulphide with I<CN and then reaction of soluble complex with Zn
(d) by heating Na[Ag(CN) 2 ]
2s. In the extraction of aluminium
Process X : applied for red bauxite to remove iron oxide (chief impurity)
Process Y: (Serpeck's process) : applied for white bauxite to remove Z (chief impurity) then,
process X and impurity Z are :
(a) X = Hall and Heroult's process and Y =SiO 2 ·
(b) X = Baey.e r's process and Y =Si0 2
(c) X = Serpeck's process and Y = iron oxide
(d) X = Baeyer's process and Y = iron oxide .
26. Give the correct order of initials Tor F for f~llowing statements. Use T if statement is true and
F if it is false.
(i) In Gold schmidt thermite process aluminium acts as a reducing agent.
(ii) Mg is extracted by electrolysis of aq. solution of MgCl 2
(iii) Extraction of Pb is possible by carbon reduction method
(iv) Red Bauxite is purified by Serpeck's process
(a) TTTF (b) TFFT (c) FTTT · (d) TFTF
27. FeCr20 4 (chromite) is converted to Cr by following steps:
I IT Ill
Chromite~ NaCr0 4 ~ Cr 20 3 ~ Cr
t ••
~:►~\ •ia~-
(P) Nitriding
(I) Process of heating steel to redness and
then cooUng it very slowly
(Q) Annealing
(II) Process of heatJng steel in presence of
NH 3 and producing hurd coating of Iron
Nitride on the surface of steel
(R) Tempering (UI) Process of heating steel to redness and
then cooling it suddenly by plunging it
into water or oil
(S) Quenching {IV) Process of heating quenched steel to a
-- • · · temperature well below redness and
.• .\ ,, ~- . . · \,· · then cooling it slowly
p Q R s P Q R S
(a) II I III IV (b) II I IV III
(c) I II IV III (d) I II III IV
41. 'Softening of lead' means :
(a) conversion of lead to PbO
(b) conversion of lead to Pb 3 0 4
(c) removal of impurities (metallic) from lead
(d) washing lead with HN0 3 followed by alkali solution
42. In the purification of impure nickel by Mond's process, metal is purified by :
(a) Electrolytic reduction (b) Vapour phase thermal decomposition
(c) Thermite reduction (d) Carbon reduction
43. Correct match is :
(a) Bayer's method Na 2C03
(b) Matte 98% Cu 2S + 2% FeS
(c) van Arkel method Agl
(d) Thomas slag Raw material for cement industry
rn2n,o:==~=======~~=~;.;~:J~
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PASSAGE
For a spontaneous reaction, the free energy change must be negative. !lG = m -T/j.S, Af-l
is the enthalpy change during the reaction. Tis the absolute temperature, and /j.S is the
change in entropy during the reaction. Consider a reaction such as the formation of an
oxide
M+0 2 --+ MO
Dioxygen is used up in the course of this reaction. Gases have a more random structure
(less ordered) than liquid or solids. Consequently gases have a higher entropy than
liquids and solids. In this reaction s (entropy or randomness) decreases, hence llS is
negative. Thus, if the temperature is raised then TAS becomes more negative. Since, T!JS
is substracted in the equation, then ~G becomes less negative. Thus, the free energy
change increases with the increase in temperature.
The free energy changes that occur when one mole of common reactant (in this case
dioxygen) is used may be plotted graphically against temperature for a number of
reactions of metals to their oxides. The following plot is called an Ellingham diagram for
metal oxide. Understanding of Ellingham diagram is extremely important for the efficient
extraction of metals.
l..0
E
b<l
>,
C)
Q)
C
UJ
Cl)
~
u.
-~
Cl)
C)
f6
.s::. -1000
(..)
-1100
l
(a) (b) kJ/
mol mol
.. ·•.~-
T-- - T - 1800°C
Temp Temp
6G
l
(c) . (d)
-1300 .
;••.
kJ/mol
~ ::·..: ._ _'li·,
,T-1800°C
_. d t!"':. ~: ; : !·t • :; C... J. .. lr
r- 1800°C
•~
1
_-· TelJlp _ · •·· ' Temp_
2. Free energy change of Hg and Mg for the convertion to oxides the slope of D.G vs. T has been
changed above the boiling points of the given metal because :
(a) above the boiling point of the metal entropy is increased
(b) above the boiling point of the metal the entropy is decreased
(c) above the boiling point of die metal the entropy change is equal to zero
(d) All of these
3. Which of the following elements can be prepared by heating the oxide above 400°C?
(a) Hg (b) Mg
(c) Fe (d) Al
4. As per the Ellingham diagram of oxides which of the following conclusion is true?
(a) Al reduces Fe 20 3 , whereas MgO cannot be reduced by Al at 1500°C
(b) Fe reduces Al 20 3 , whereas MgO cannot be reduced by Al at 1soo c 0
-200
r -400
--800
-1000
1. At what temperature, zinc and carbon have equal affinity for oxygen?
(a) 1000°C (b) 1500°C
(c) soo 0 c (d) 1200°c
2. To make the following reduction process spontaneous, temperarure should be :
ZnO + C -----► Zn + CO .
(a) 1000°c (b) > 1100°c
( c) < soo c
0
(d) < 1000°c
3. At 1100°c, which reaction is spontaneous to a maximum extent?
(a) MgO + C -----► Mg + CO
(b) ZnO + C -----► Zn+ CO
(c) MgO+Zn--. Mg+ZnO
(d) ZnO + Mg - - . MgO + Zn
263
PISSIGE 3
The Ellingham diagram f
. · . ~r. a m~mber of metallic sulphides is shown below.
~ oJ"
"'. . .
.,.I ~'\,
",
"' l',.,
':,
'i...0 0
-E
:;;i -so
0
c.,
<J
-100
-150
PASSAGE
Magnesium is a valuable, light weight metal used as a structural material as well as in
alloys, batteries, and in chemical synthesis. Although magnesium is plentiful in Earth's
crust, it is mainly found in the sea water (after sodium). There is about 1.3 g of
magnesium in every kilogram of sea water. The process for obtaining magnesium from
sea water employs all three types of reactions, i.e., precipitation, acid-base, and
redox-reactions.
1. Precipitation reaction involves formation of :
(a) insoluble MgCO 3 by adding Na 2 CO 3 (b) insoluble Mg(OH) 2 by addins Ca(OH)::
(c) insoluble in MgSO 4 by adding Na 2 SO 4 (d) insoluble MgC1 2 by adding NaCl
2. Acid-base reaction involves reaction between :
(a) MgCO and HCl (b) Mg(OH)2 and H2SO 4
(c) Mg(OH) and HCI . (d) MgCO 3 and H 2S0 4
2
3. Redox reaction takes place (in the extracnon of Mg) :
(a) in the electrolytic cell when fused MgCl 2 is subjected to electrolysis
(b) when fused MgCO 3 is heated
(c) when fused MgCO 3 is strongly heated
(d) none of the above
••••••• 5
Dow'!i proct•lilJ of cx1rm.·1 Ion nf MK tnvolvoN rxtru 'llun of M~ front !tf'SI w1111·r. , '.;1 w;1f ·r I·
conc·,·ntrnt ·d In 11un-ll~l11 umJ IN 1h •n trrn1eJ wllh Nlnkrd llnu◄ • Muy,m·,lurn hydruxidc is
hc111 •d In n Imcnm of I ICI to ,clvr M,cCI~ which 111 rlrc:1rolyNcd 1,, dl11 ·hs1r~ • Mg. 'fl,
mlxt urc Is In the rnt lo JS'¼, Ml(CI :t t• 50% NnCI t I~•¼, Cu Cl :.t. NaCl und C;1CI ;1, ar • add rd
to low •r th• fu11lon temp ~rn1ure nnd to In ·r 1u1 •11 th ,·on<lu ·11111 ·,·.
Ma :l., -+ Cn(OH) 2 --+ Mg(OI I) z +Ca~♦
Mg(OH):,i t 2HC1 - - t MHCl 2 -+· 2H:,P(IJ
Eltctrolysis of fu1cd 'MgCI 2~ Mg :1., + 2Cl
Mg 2 ' + 2e -- -+ Mg (At Cathode)
2c1 - ~ C1 1 + 2t (Ar Anode)
Mg electrolysed is protected from atmospheric oxldadon by a blanket of inert gases.
1, In the hydrnred chloride of Mg the vnlue of x Is :
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10
2 2
2. Molten mixture contains Mg ~ , Na ~ and Ca ~ but at cathode only Mg :i. is discharged
because :
(a) Standard reduction potential of Mg 2+ is least among the three
(b) Stnndard oxidation potential of Mg is the least among the three
21
(c) Discharge potential of Mg Is highest
(d) None of these
3. Molten mixture of NaCl and CaCl 2 is added to the heated MgC1 2 because:
973-1223 K
(a) MgCI :.i • xH :P + dry HCI - - - - Partially dehydrated MgCl 2 and molten mixture
(NaCl + CaCl 2 ) makes it fully dehydrated
(b) Ca Cl 2 is dehydrating agent
(c) (CaC1 2 + NaCl) lowers the melting point of MgC1 2
(d) None of these
PIIIIIE 6
FeCr 20 4 + NaOH + air --+ (A)+ Fe 2 0 3
(A)+ (B) --+ Na 2 Cr 2 O 7
l!,.
Na 2Cr 20 7 + X --+ Cr 20 3
A
CraO 3 + Y ---+ Cr
1. Compound (A) and (B) art :
(a) Na 2Cr0 4 , H 2 S0 4 {b) Nalcrl07, HCI
(c) No 2 Cr0s,H 2 SO 4 (d) Na 4 [Fe(OH) 6 ].H 2 SQ 4
2. (X) and (Y) are :
(a) C and Al (b) Al and C (c) C in both (d) Al in both
3. Na 2CrO 4 and Fe 20 3 are separated by :
(a) dissolving in cone. H 2so (b) dissolving in NH 3
4
(c) dissolving in H 2o (d) dissolving in dil. HCl
7
Ele~olysis is an important technique for extraction of metals, and each ion of the
solu?on needs a minimum voltage to get discharged and this value is expressed in terms
of discharge potential. For some metal ions the discharge potentials follow the order
given below :
Li+>K+> Ca2t-> Na+> Mg2+ > Al 3 + > Zn 2+ > Fe2+ >Ni2+ > H 3O+ >Cu2+ >Hgf >Ag+> Au 3 +
For some anions the di'scharge potentials are in the order :
sot >NOi >OH- >Br- >r . ' ;, .- }I
1. When aqueous solution of cupric bromide is electrolyzed the product obtained at cathode will be:
(a) Cu (b) H 2 (c) Br 2 (d) 0 2
2. The product formed at anode and cathode, when dilute H 2S0 4 is electrolysed are :
(a) S0 2 ,H 2 (b) S0 3 ,H 2 (c) H 2 S 2 0 8 ,H 2 (d) 0 2 ,H 2
3. A mixture containing chlorides of sodium, calcium and zinc is electrolysed in presence of
water. The product obtained at cathode will be :
(a) Na (b) H 2 (c) Ca (d) C1 2
4. When cone. H 2S0 4 is electrolysed with high current using Pt electrodes, the product obtained
at anode is :
(a) S0 2 (b) S03 (c) 02 (d) H 2 S 20 8
29. The function of adding cryolite in the electrolytic reduction of alumina by Hall-Heroult process
is to :
(a) dissolve alumina
(b) lower the melting point of alumina
(c) lower the fuel bill
(d) increase the electrical conductivity of alumina
30. Which of the following reduction reactions are actually employed in commercial exrraction of
metals?
(a) Fe 20 3 + 2Al ~ Al:P 3 + 2Fe
(b) Cr 20 3 + 2Al ~ Ali0 3 + 2Cr
(c) 2Na[Au(CN) 2 ] + Zn ~ Na 2 [Zn(CN) 4 ]+ 2Au
(d) Cu 2 S+Pb ~ Cu+PbSJ..
31. The chief reaction(s) occurring in blast furnace during extraction of iron from haematite
is/are :
(a) Fe 20 3 +3CO ~ 2Fe+3C0 2 (b) Fe0+Si0 2 ----+ FeSi0 3
(c) Fe 20 3 +C ~ 2Fe+3CO (d) Ca0+Si0 2 --....+ CaSi0 3
32. Which of the following are true for electrolytic extraction of aluminium?
(a) Cathode material contains graphite
(b) Anode material contains graphite
(c) Cathode reacts away forming CO 2
( d) Anode reacts away forming CO 2
33. Select correct statement regarding silver extraction process.
(a) When the lead-silver alloy is rich in silver, lead is removed by the cupellation process
(b) When the lead-silver alloy is rich in lead, lead is removed by parke's or pattinson's process
(c) Zinc forms an alloy with lead, from which lead is separated by distillation
(d) Zinc forms an alloy with silver, from which zinc is separated by distillation
34. Aluminothermy used for the spot welding of large iron structures is based upon the fact that :
(a) As compared to iron, aluminium has greater affinity for oxygen
(b) As compared to aluminium, iron has greater affinity for oxygen
(c) Reaction between aluminium and oxygen is endothermic
(d) Reaction between iron oxide and aluminium is exothermic
269
35, Highly electroposirive metals can not be extracted by carbon reduction process because these:
(a) Metals combine with carbon to form carbides
(b) Metals do not react with carbon
(c) Metal oxides are not reduced by carbon
(d) Loss of metal is more by vaporisation
36, Which of the following reaction in the blast furnace is/are endothermic?
(a) C(s) + 0 2 (g) ~ C0 2 (g)
(b) CO 2 (g) + C(s) ~ 2CO(g)
(c) CaC0 3 (s) ~ CaO(s) +C0 2 (g)
(d) Fe 20 3 (s) + 3 CO(g) ~ 2Fe(l) + 3 CO 2 (g)
37. The furnace lining in steel manufacture consists of:
(a) CaO (b) SiO 2
(c) MgO (d) CaC0 3
38. Pick up the correct statement(s) :
(a) All minerals are ores
Cb) All minerals cannot be an ore
( c) All ores are minerals
(d) The minerals from which metals can be extracted profitably are called ores
1.
more than one entries of column-II.
. r~~~
f •
Column-II
. Column-I
I (Proc·e ss involved in commercial extrac-
(Main or~ of met~) . tion pure metal)
(A) Cinnabar
(P) Froth floatation method
(Q) Roasting
(B) Chalcopyrite
(R) Distillation
(C) Bauxite
(S) Leaching
(D) Argentite
(T) Cal_cination
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
270
2. Column-I Column-II
(Statements) (Corresponding metals)
3. Column-I
(A) Haematite . (P) Self reduction
(B) Copper pyrites (Q) Roasting
s.
(A) Ilmentie (P) Iron
1. Column-I D
Col
(A) Poling (P) Titanium
(B) Cupellation (Q) Copper
(C) Electro-refining (R) Silver
(D) van Arkel method (S) Tin
8. Column-I .
(A) Metal which occur in the native state in nature is (P)
Gd
•
Hg
(B) The oxides of metal that can be commercially re- {Q) Ti
duced by Alurninothermic reduction process is
(C) van Arkel method is used for preparing (R) Cr
ultrapure metal of
(D) Auto reduction process is employed for the sul- (S) Ag
phide ore of
9. Cobmm-1
(A) Mond's process (P) Cr 2O 3 + 2 A l ~ 2Cr+Al 20 3
10.
Column-I
~ l&tohed bt C M
(Metal) extracdoa from tlleir Gift)
(A) Pb (P) Bessemerisation
(B) Cu (Q) Roasting
(C) Zn (R) Pyrometallurgy
81. (a)
..
2 .. ~ .- '
' '
> 4.,
1. (a)
11. {d)
.
2. (b)
12. (d)
3. {d)
13. (d)
: ~.
(b) ·.
'
i:
• , o
~- . (d) ,
• ~ •
21. (d) 22. (c) 23:: (b) 24. (d) ; 25. 1 (b) ,.. 26:: (d) 1. •27,' (b) ' 28. (a) i 29. (c) 30. (d)
,, t ... , .' ,. I.,: ' • L~ -'- ? ' ~! . .• ;. .
31 .' (c) 32. {b) 33:, (d)
0
p
34. 1 (c)
•
.~s.1(a) \-': 3~.,' (d)
• • I • 'I
1
·\
37.; (b)
.
-38 .. (d) ·, 39~ (c)
. . •. ,. .
40. (b)
I ' ' '.· •
41. (c) 42. (b} 43:· {b)
---· ,- • ~
3 . ...__...._... ..
Passage-1 1.- (c) :· · 2,'.; (a} } :
.
3.; (a) :'-, 4,\ (a}
·:
:
.
'
Paasage-2 1.' (a)
'
2. 1 (b} ,
~ -·
~.j (d) . · · -~ ~
• t • '
. .i • \..· ~
Passage-a 1. (c) 2,. (d} , . ~:- (b) ,· :· ~
Passage-7 1. (a)
. ,-..2. (d)
13. (a,c) 14. (a.b) 15. (a,c) 16. (c,d) 17. (a,b,c,d) 18. (a,b,c)
19. (a,b,c,d) 20. (d) 21. (b,c,d) 22. (a,b,c) 23. (a,b,c) 24. (b,c)
25. (a,b) 26. (a,b) 27. (a,b,c) 28. (a,c,d) 29. (a,b,c,d) 30. (b,c)
31. (a,d) 32. (a,b,d) 33. (a,b,d) 34. (a,d) 35. (a,d) 36. (b,c)
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (A)
11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (A,) 14. (A) 15. (C)
Hints and Solutions '
3, (b) From given reactions, Free energy of the reaction: ZnO(g) +C(s) ~ Zn(g) +CO{g), is negative.
IOOO"C
37, (c) Zn is extracted from its sulphide ore by roasting followed by carbon reduction
Hg, Pb and Cu are extracted by self reduction from their sulphide ores.
40, (c) Cr metal is commercially extracted by Al-reduction method.
61, (d) From spelter pure zinc is obtained either by distillation or by elecuolytic refining.
63. (a) Purification of Al metal : Hoop's Method
65, (a) Others are purification methods of bauxite ore.
67, (a) When impure metal has impurity of its own metal oxide, then Poling process is used, e.g., impure Cu
and Sn are purified by this method.
?S. (c) 2AgCl + Na:z(:0 3 ------. 2NaCl + Ag:z(:0 3 ~ 2Ag +.!.0 2 +C0 2 t
2
Level 2
2. (b) SnC1 2 + HgC1 2 ------. SnCl 4 + Hg
(XCI 2 ) ( YC1 2 ) (XC1 4 ) (Y)
3 l:!.
(Il) Cu~+-02--+
2
high
Cu~+2Cu;.,O ~ 6Cu+S02
electrolysis 2+ Cl-(l)
(III) MgCl 2(s) - - - Mg (l) + 2
At cathode : Mg 2+ + 2 e- ------. Mg(s)
At an.o de : 2Cr(l) --+ Clz(g) + 2 e-
21. (d) Sodium ethyl xanthate acts as collector for sulphide ore.
CH2-CH2-0©Na+
• Hydn,phobo: md 11 -billic md •
26. (d) (i) Cr,/) 3 + 2Al (R. A.) ~ Al,/) 3 + 2Cr; Afi =-ve
(ii) Mg is extracted by electrolysis of fused MgCl 2 and Nad
(iii) PbS + ~0 2 ~ PbO + S0 2
2
PbO+C ~ Pb+CO
(iv) Red Bauxite is purified by Baeyer's process
43. (b) Roasted mass obtained from roasting step is called matte.. (98% Cu.;;+ 2% FeS)
(b) All sulphate salts of alkali metals except lithium sulphate forms alum.
(c) All sulphate salts of alkali metals except lithium sulphate do not decompose at high temperature
(d) All of the above
7. Alkali metals possess metallic lustre when freshly cut because :
(a) they have a hard surface and light is r,eflected back
(b) their crystal struc ture contains ordered arrangement of constituent atoms
(c) they contain loosely bound electrons w.hich absorb the photons and then re-emit
(d) they are obtained from the minerals on which light has been falling for years
8. Select incorrect statement :
(a) Li CO is only sparingly soluble in water and no LiH CO 3 has been isola ted
(b) K :co; can not be made by
a method :similar to the solvey process
(c) Li co and Mg C 0 3 both are thermally stable
(d) N! 2c� 3 NaH C 3 •2H 2 is a mineral called tmna
0 0
. .
9. Melting point of a mixture of Na 2CO 3 + K2C0 3, mi.x.tl!lre 1s :
(a) higher than that of Na 2CO 3
(b) higher than that of K 2 CO
3
that of K 2 CO 3 only
(d) lower than
10. Select incorrect statement :
es ,of alkali metals Increases with increases in size of
(a) Stability of peroxides and superoxid
the metal ion
. · · INORGANIC �Hfl.,W,fRy
.' . .
Level 3
PASSAGE 1 ,,
All alkali metals dissolve in anhydrous liquid ammonia co give blue colour solu�ion. le is the
ammoniated electron which is responsible for the blue colour of the ;olunon, and the
electrical conductivity is due to the ammoniated cation, [M(NH3) r J as well as the
ammoniated electron, [e(NH 3) Yr, values of x and y depend on the exten t of solvation by
NH 3• Dilute solutions are paramagnetic due to free ammoniated electrons.
1. What happens if more alkali metals is allowed to react with concentrated liquid ammonia?
(a) Paramagnetic character of solvated electrons is retained
(b) Solvated electrons associate to form electron-pairs and paramagnetic character decreases
(c) Reducing character is increased
(d) Reducing character is not affected
2. Which of the following statement about solution of alkali metals in liquid ammonia is correct?
(a) The solution have strong oxidizing properties
(b) Both the dil. solutions as well as cone. solution are equally paramagnetic in nature
(c) Charge transfer is responsible for the colour of the solution
(d) None of these
3. Ammoniated solutions of alkali metals are reducing agents due to the presence of free
ammoniated or solvated electrons that can reduce :
(I) 0 2 too�- (II) K i (Ni(CN) 4 ] to K 4 [Ni(CN)4J
(lll) Aromatic ring (IV) Non-terminal alkyne
Choose the correct code
(a) III and rv (b) n and III (c) I, II, III and IV (d) I, UI and IV
PISSIBE 2
H:P CO2 S02 Na,:S/l2 Ag+/salt
Na � A � B � C D ____., E (complex)
t,.
Electrolysis in
C d Metal(M)
presence of Na
1. The compound A is :
(a) CaCl2 ·2H 20 (b) MgCl2 -6H2 0
(c) Na 2SO 4 •10H 2O Cd) Caso 4 -2H 20
2 . The compound B is :
(a) Mg(NH 4 )PO 4 (b) Ca 3(PO 4 )2 +NH 3
(c) Na(NH 4 )HPO 4 (d) both (a) and (b)
3. The compound C and metal M are :
(a) NaCl, Na (b) CaCl 2, Ca
,.
Calcium sulphate is found in nature in two forms, anhydrous calcium sulphate and hydrated
calcium sulphate. When anhydrous calcium sulphate is heated with coke, sulphur dioxide gas
is obtained. hydrated• calciupi sulphatei-is. heated to 20.oqc, -it forms anhydrous salt.
'!:Yb�
1. The anhydrous calcium sulphate is called :
(a) gypsum (b) anhydrite (c) plaster of Paris (d) lime
2. When calcium sulphate is mixed with cone. HCl and the paste is formed. What colour is
obtained when a pinch of this paste is brought near the flame?
(a) golden yellow (b) brick red (c) crimson red (d) apple green
3. What is the product formed when hydrated CaSO is heated to 12S C instead of 200°C?
q
(c) CaSO 4
4
(a) (CaSO ) H O4 i
(b) CaSO 4 ¾H20
2
(d) CaO+SO 3
5
Sodium sulphite (Na 2SO 3) is added to meat as a preservativ�. The presence ofNa 2So 3 can
be detected by adding dil. H 2SO 4 when the pungen� s�elhng gas evolved turns the lime
water milky. The gas evolved was detected as sulphur dioxide. The SO 2 evolved was dissolved
in water and it requires I 2 solution in order to oxidize SO 2 to SO�- in titration.
SO2+2H 2O+l2 __. 4H +so�- +21-
+
ln order to check the results of titration, excess barium chloride is added to the final solution.
The resulting pred,Pitate II coll� and weighed.
1. SO2 and CO2 both turns lime water milky. Which of the following reagent can be used to
distinguish these two gases?
(I) K 2Cr 20 7 /H 2$0 4 (II) KMnO 4 /H + (ll[J Ji solution
(a) I, II, III correct (b) I, III only correct
(c) II, III only correct (d) III only correct
2. S0 2 gas is used as a bleaching agent. Its bleaching action is :
(a) temporary and due to its oxidizing nature
(b) temporary and due to its reducing action
(c) permanent and due to its oxidizing action
(d) permanent and due to its reducing action
3. Which of the following compounds is formed, when Na 2 S0 3 is boiled with sulphur.
(a) Na 2S 0 4 (b) Na 2S 20 5 �c) Na 2 S 2 0 6 (d) Na2 S 2 0 3
....
PISSIBE 6 • 1\ .
t .
On treatment with cold water, an element (A) reacts t'eadily liberating a colourless, odourless
gas (B) and a solution (C). Lithium is reacted with (B} yielding a solid product (D) which
effervesce with water to give a strongly basic solution (E). When CO2 gas is bubbled through
solution (C), a white ppt. (F) is formed but this redissolved forming solution (G) when more
CO 2 is passed. Precipitate (F) effervesced when moistened with cone. HCl and give deep red
colouration to a Bunsen burner flame. (F) on heating with excess of carbon at 2000°c give
(H).
Answer the following__questions.on the basis of above pas�
1. Metal (A) may be :
(a) Be (b) Ca (c) Mg (d) Ba
2. Solution (G) contains a salt which :
(i) causes permanent hardness of water
(ii) can not be obtained in solid state
(iii) causes temporary hardness of water
(iv) can be obtained in solid state
Select the correct statements :
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (.ii) and (iv)
3. Solid (H) on hydrolysis gives a gas, which on passing through nmmoniacal AgN 0 3 solution,
yields :
(a) white ppt. (b) red ppt. (c) no ppt. (d) brown ppt.
:;;.- 1 BLOCK ELEMENTS '. •
7
•
Lithiu m only forms monoxide when heated m . .. . .
. oxygen. Sodturn forms monoxide and peroxide
m excess of oxygen · 0th er alkal'1 metals form superoxide . . .
. with oxygen, 1.e., M0 2 • The
abn� rm al behavi?ur of lithiumis due to small size. The larger size of higher alkali metals also
d ec1 des the ro e1 m format1·on of superoxi'd es. All the three aruons abstract proton from water.
.
The th ree amons are related to each oth er as follows :
-l 0
0 2- � 0 22-
2 02
1l
� 2 02
Oxide ion ..ii· , ..Peroxide .ion Superoxide ion 1,
8 °HJ'i. ti
res
Most metal oxides are thermally stable at temperatu upto l000 C but the oxide of metals
°
f r
<
·:,,
:s
-538 --420 -336 -307 -290 -.504 -370 -336 -294
· Mihydration (in kJ/m
ol) - (in kJ/mol) -
Afihydratlor,
.. (i) (ii)
Then according to the gi�en information which of the following is/are correct relationship
between enthalpy of solution (Af-I solution) of a sal,t MX in water and difference of the enthalpies
of hydration (Af-I hydradon ) of the constituent ion (M + and X -) .
�
+40
r +20
0
LiF r +40
+20
0'
CsBr,
�
" -20 " -20
.g
--40 --40
'C
(a) i (b) J
C sF LlBr
:a -60 -60
·I -20
(c) '§ --40
;ii -60 (d) none of these
-200-100 0 +100+200
3. Which of the following metal(s) in liquid NH 3 with low cone. is not paramagnetic ?
(a) Cs (b) Be (c) K (d) Mg
4. Which of the following substances can be used directly as fertilizer ?
(a) (NH4)2SO4 (b) Cai PO 4) 2 (c) Ca(H 2PO 4 )i (d) CaCN 2 +C
S. Which of the following will release CO 2 when heated to 1000°C?
(a) I<HCO 3 (b) Li 2CO
3
(c) K2CO 3 (d) PbCO 3
6. Which of the following properties. show a similar trend on moving from Li to Cs within the
group?
(a) Ionic mobility in aqueous solution (b) Reactivity towards water
(c) Solubility of bromide salt (d) Thermal stability of carbonate salt
7. The alkali metals :
(a) form salt like ionic hydrides (b) possess low ionisation potential
(c) have high affinity for non-metals (d) have low density
8. On heating NaNO 3 gives :
(a) 0 2 (b) NO 2
(c) 0 2 + NO 2 (d) NaNO 2
9. Which of the following statements is/ are true?
(a) All alkali metals are soft and can be cut with knife
(b) Alkali metals do not occur in free state in nature
(c) Alkali metals are highly electropositive elements
(d) Alkali metal hydrides are covalent in character
10. Nitrogen dioxide cannot be obtained by heating :
(a) J<NQ (b) LiNO 3 (c) Pb(NO 3) 2 (d) NaNO 3
3
11. Select the incorrect statement(s) :
(a) Cs+ is more hydrated than the other alkali metal ions
(b) Among the alkali metals Li, Na, Kand Rb, lith!um has th_e highest melting point
(c) Ionic mobility of Li+ is maximum among alkah metal canons
(d) Ionisation potential of Li is lower than that of Na
12. Select the correct statement(s) :
(a) Sodium can be prepared by electrolysing aqueous solution of NaCl
(b) Sodium can be prepared by electrolysing fused NaCl
(c) Sodium is a strong oxidising agent
(d) Sodium is soluble in liquid ammonia
13. Identify the correct statement(s) :
(a) Sodium carbonate on heating evolves carbon dioxide
(b) Sodium nitrate on heating evolves nitrogen dioxide
(c) Sodium hydroxide does not decompose on heating
(d) Sodium bicarbonate on heating evolve carbon dioxide
14. Which statements are false?
(a) Manufacture of NaOH is done by Solvay process
Cb) Manufacture of K2CO 3 is done by Solvay process
(c) Manufacture of NaOH is done by Castner Kellner process
(d) Manufacture ofNaHCO 3 is done by Solvay process
15. Sulphates salt gives metal oxide and SO 3 (or SO 2 + ½0 2 ) on heating :
(a) K2SO 4 (b) CaSO 4
(c) MgSO 4 (d) (NH 4hSO4
16. The correct statements about sodium and its compounds would include that :
(a) Sodium forms an ionic hydride NaH
(b) Sodium nitrate decomposes to the nitrite on heating
(c) Sodium is a hard metal
(d) Sodium carbonate decomposes readily on heating
17. NaH reacts with water to give :
(a) alkaline solution (b) acidic solution
(c) neutral solution (d) hydrogen gas
18. Which of the following statement(s) is/ are incorrect?
(a) Magnesium may be extracted by self reduction method
(b) Down's cell process is used to extract magnesium from sea water
(c) Magnalium is an alloy of magnesium ·
(d) Formula of Epsom salt is MgSO 4 -6H 2O
19. Identify the incorrect statement(s) :
(a) Density of Mg is less than Ca
(b) The atomic radius of Mg is greater than that of Ca
(c) Mg alloys are used in the construction of air crafts
(d) Mg is used as a reducing agent
20. Which of the following properties of the elements of group n (alkaline earth metals)
increase(s) with increasing atomic number?
(a) Stability of carbonate Cb) Solubility of hydroxide
(c) Reactivity with water (d) First ionization energy
21. Select the wrong statement(s) :
(a) CaF2 is soluble in water Cb) BaSO 4 is soluble in water
(c) Ba(OH) 2 is soluble in water Cd) MgSO 4 is soluble in water
22. Which of the following statements about the elements, Mg, ca, Sr and Ba and their
compounds is true?
(a) Solubility of the hydroxides in water increases with increasing atomic number
(b) Thermal
. stability of the carbonates increases
. with increasing atomic number
(c) All given e1ements react with
(d) Metal chlorides . . water or steam to give hydrogen
. are all liquids at room temperature
Which of the following do es/ d O not impart
(a) MgSO . characteristic colour to the flame?
4
(c) Sr(NO ) (b) CaCl2
. 3 2 (d) BeC1 2
24, Which statement
a) BeO and Al is correct d' th . .
regar ~n~ e diagonal relationship between the Al and Be?
( . 2O J are amphotenc m nature
(b) Both carbide on hydrolysis produce same gas
(c) Both can form complex
(d) Both have nearly close m.p.
2s. Which of the following metals on treatment with alkali will liberate H 2 gas?
w~ w~ ~~ Wfu
26, Choose the correct statement(s) :
(a) BeC~ J is kept in the atmosphere of CO 2 since, it is least thermally stable
(b) Be dissolves in an alkali solution forming [Be( OH) 4 J2-
(c) BeF2 forms complex ion with NaF in which Be goes with cation
(d) BeF2 forms complex ion with NaF in which Be goes with anion
27. Select the incorrect statement(s) :
(a) Magnesium can be burnt in the atmosphere of CO 2 and SO 2
(b) Magnesium reacts with alkyl halides to form Grignard's reagent
(c) Out of Mg and Ca, only Mg reacts with N 2 to form magnesium nitride
(d) Calcium is less reactive than magnesium
28. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) Sodium bicarbonate is more soluble than sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium hydroxide is known as caustic soda
(c) Sodium bicarbonate is used as antacid
(d) Sodium nitrate is used in the manufacture of soaps
29. Select the incorrect statement(s) :
(a) KOH is a weaker base than NaOH
(b) Milk of magnesia is an aqueous solution of Mg(OH) 2
(c) Mg 2+ ions are precipitated with the addition of NH 4 OH in the presence of NH 4 Cl
(d) Cao 2 is less stable than MgO 2
30, Which of the following statement regarding the oxides of alkali and alkaline metals is correct?
(a) The reactivity of K 20 towards water is more than that of Na 20
(b) The oxides of alkaline earth metals are more basic than those of alkali metals
(c) MgO is used as a refractory material for lining of electric furnaces
(d) The milk of lime and lime water are two different solutions
31. The pair of compounds which can not exist together in aqueous solution is :
(a) Na co and NaHC0 3 (b) NaHC0 3 andNaOH
2 3
(c) NaOH and NaH 2PO 4 (d) NaOH+ Na 2HPO 3
32. Which of the folloV{ing are soluble in water?
(a) Na co (b) BaC 20 4 (c) MgC03 (d) Ca(N0 3)i
2 3
33. Which of the following salts exist(s) as decahydrated crystals?
(a) Washing soda (b) Glauber's salt (c) Epsom salt (d) Gypsum salt
34. Which of the statements are true?
(a) NaHC0 3 and KHC0 3 have same crystal structure
(b) On heating Li 2C0 3 gives Li 20 and CO 2
(c) Among alkali metals, Li metal has high I.E. and impart no colour to flame
(d) Li 2S0 4 does not form alum
35. Saturated hydrocarbon gas is evolved by carbide(s) is/ are :
(a) CaC 2 (b) A1 C (c) Mg 2C 3 (d) Be2C
4 3
Entries of Column-I are to be matched with entries of Column-II. Each entry of Column-I may
have the matching with one or more than one entries of Column-II.
2.
, • I
(A) Product in Solvay process (P) NaCl
(B) Evolve CO 2 t on heating (Q) Na 20 2
1
(C) aq. soln. is neutral towards litmlls ' • (R), 'NaHCO 3
, I ! r '
3.
. . ~ ~-~-,., j~t1 -,· . ·. ," . f., ~ -, ~- .
• - - • ,__ · • ~' -- :i.. • ,,,
s. Co.J!!m}l-1 ""'""T"<"' ..
~ .:: ,I-~ .
(A) Most negative standard electrode (P) Sol~ated electrons
potential an element in the periodic table
(B) Alkali metal carbonate which
decomposes on heating
(C) Na/ liq. NH 3 is blue colour solution
which conducts electricity
(D) Metal carbide which gives methane on (S) Magnesium
hydrolysis
(E) Metal carbide which on hydrolysis gives
propyne
(F) Metal used in flash bulbs (U) Lithium
6. Columa:i · Column-D
(_Compoun4fl (Use of compounds)
(A) Magnesium hydroxide (P) As a purgative
(B) Barium sulphate , (Q) As a fertilizer
(C) Magnesium sulphate (R) As a constituent of sorrel cement
(D) Calcium cyanamide (S) As a constituent of lithopone
7.
These questions consist of two statements each, printed as assertion an~ reason, while
answering these questions you are required to choose any one of the followi_ng respons~s.
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explananon of assenion
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
(C) If assertion is true but the reason is false
(D) If assertion is false but the re-:..son is true
1. Assertion: Li 2SO 4 does not form double salt like alum.
Reason Li reacts with NH 3 gas to form LiNH 2 •
2. Auert:lon : BeCl 2 cannot be easily hydrolysed.
Reason BeC1 2 is electron deficient compound.
S. Assertion: K+ and NH: ions have many similarities in their test.
Reason Radius of K + is almost equal to radius of NH: .
4. Auert:lon: Alums are crystalline double salts, which are soluble in water.
• eason The aq. solutions of alums have acidic character due to hydrolysis.
s. Assertion : Mg gets oxidised, when heated in CO 2 atmosphere.
Reason Mg has a strongly affinity for oxygen.
6. Assertion : Mg 2• + ZnSO 4 ~ MgSO 4 + Zn 2•
Reason
,. More active metal can displace less active metal from its salt solution.
Auert:lon: Li resembles with Mg in properties.
Reason Li+ has almost same polarising power as Mg 2+ .
8. Auert:lon: Be(OH) 2 dissolves in excess NaOH solution.
Reason Be(OH) 2 is an acidic compound.
9. Auert:lon: SO~- is estimated as BaSO 4 but not as MgSO 4 •
Reason Ionic radius of Mg 2• is smaller than that of Ba 2+ .
10. Auert:lon: Alkali earth metals have lower densities than alkali metals.
Reason Atomic radii of alkaline earth metals are smaller than that of corresponding
alkali metals.
11. Auert:lon: Magnesium does not impart characteristic colour to the bunsen-bumer flame.
Reason Ionisation energy of Mg is very high.
12. AMert:lon: Among hydroxides of alkali metals, LiOH is the weakest base.
Reason Among alkali metals, lithium has the highest ionisation energy.
13. ANert:lon: BaSO 4 is insoluble in water.
Reason Lattice energy of BaSO 4 is higher than its hydration energy.
14. Aasert:lon : CsI is sparingly soluble In water.
Reason Hydration energy of cs• and 1- Ions are higher than lattice energy.
15. Aasert:lon : Powsium Is not obtained by the electrolysis of fused KCI.
Reason Powsium vapourlses at the melting point of KCl.
:::;;.- , BLOCK ELEMENTS.; •
-· ~ •
.
· , · :. · .
~.
16. Assertion : M.P. of BeC1 2 is less than that of MgCl 2 , but reverse is true for their thermal
stability.
Reason M.P. and thermal stability of both compounds depend upon their lattice energy.
. .
~----------PJOBWAS
Water p +Q
1. Na20 2
2s·c P +Rt+ S
Calculate sum of bond order between same bonded atoms in Q and R compounds.
ANSWERS
'
Level 1
1. (d) 2. (c) 10. (b)
51. (b)
Level
1. (b) 2. (b) 11. (b)
fl
11. (d) ..
12. (d) .,':t3. ( ) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (c) .
31. (c)
41,, (a )
Level
Passage-I 1. (b)
9. (a ,b,c) 10. (a,d) 11 . (a,c,d) 12. (b,d) 13. (c,d) 14. (a,b) 15. (b,c) 16. (a,b)
17. (a,d) 18. (a,b,d) 19. (a,b) 20. (a,b,c) 21. (a,b) 22. (a,b,c) 23. (a,d) 24. (a,b,c)
25. (a,b,c) 26. (a,b,d) 27. (c,d) 28. (b,c) 29. (a,c,d) 30. (a,c,d) 31. (b,c) 32. (a,d)
11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (C) 17. (A)
Subjective Problems
1. 3
Hints and Solutions
Level 1
2. (c) In I group only Li form nitride and all II group metals form nitride.
Mg + N 2 ➔ Mg 3N 2 Mg(OH)2 +NH3
Ca+N 2 ➔ Ca 3N 2 Ca(OH)2+NH3
Li+N 2 ➔ Li 3N LiOH+NH3
K +N 2 ➔ no reaction
4 . (a) It is due to more ionic character ofCsf:0 3.
29. (a) In general order of melting point.
LiX < CsX < RbX < I<X < NaX [X = Cl, Br, I]
Predominantly Predominantly ionic
covalent (M.P.ocl.anic:e energy)
LiX being predominantly covalent have low m.pt.
30. (a) Li metal imparts carmine red colour to flame due to emission spectrum.
31. (b) Due to strong packing of Li+ and p- ion, lattice energy of LlF is higher than its hydration energy.
32. (c) Due to high hydration energy of Li+ cation, the standard reduction potential of Li+ is more negative
among all alkali metal cations hence Ll acts as strong reducing agent in water.
53. (b) By adding gypsum the setting time and strength of cement increases.
54. (c) NH 3 t ( NH.a Ca(OH)2 c0;, l CaC03
Solvay's (A)
process
Level 2
2. (b) Order of solubility in water
LlF < NaF < KF
LlN0 3 > NaN03 > KN0 3
Lif:0 3 < Naf:03 < Kf:03
3 . (c)M{ 501 of ammo~urn salts are found to be_positive ~ut they are highly soluble due to high positive
entropy change 1t makes 6.G501 more neganve according to equation 6.G 1 = Mi -T'A<'
so sol u..> sol
6. (d) All are facts.
13. (b) NaOH being deliquescent absorb water from atmosphere therefore strength of solution will decrease.
below IO 6. I
20. (c) NaN03 500C NaN02 + Cu(N0 3)2 -➔ CuO + 2N0 t + - 0 2 t
2 2 2
2
Hg(N0 3)2 -.!+ Hg .J, + 2N02t + 02 t AgNO 3-➔ 6 A t
g+N0 2 + - 0 2 1 t
2
22. (c) Due to much lower freezing point of eutectic mixture ofCaCl;t'Hp.
26. (a) Only bicarbonate salt of alkali metals are found in solid state.
27. (c)
(a) ea2+ < K+ < si- < P3 - : Ionic size
(b) Nacaq.J > Kcaq.> > Rbcaq.J > Cscaq.l: Electrical conductance
(d) 1<°aq.l < Brc~>< Clcaq.> < Pi~>: Ionic mobility
Ca(NH) + 2Hp --+ Ca(OH)2 + NH 3(g)
(B)
iiill 3
Passage-1
2, (d) All are wrong. The solution has strong reducing nature and coloured due to ammonlated electron.
3. (c) M(s) + NH 3(l) --+ M+(NH 3) + e{NH )
excess " 3Y
l Ll . l CO2 (Excess)
2. (c) It is CaHC0 3 , which can not be obtained in solid state and causes temporary hardness.
3. (a) It is acetylene gas and gives white ppt. of silver acetylide.
Passage-7
1. (a) Li and Na do not form stable superoxide.
2. (d) All the three 02--, of and 0 2are unsta:,1e in presence of water and abstract proton from water.
3 . (b) All superoxides liberate oxygen with water :
20 +2HzC)(O --+ 20ff(aq)+HP2CO+Oz(g)
2
4. (b) All abstract proton from water so they are Bronsted base.
Subjective Problems
H2 0
--c:
NaOH + H 20 2
(P) (Q)
1. Na20 2
25
o~ NaOH + 0 2 t + H20
(P) (R) (S)
7. Anhydrous aluminium chloride fumes in moist air owing to the formation of:
8. Colour of the bead in borax bead test is mainly due to the formation of:
(a) metal oxides (b) boron oxide
(c) metal metaborates (d) elemental boron
9. The possible oxidation state of Tl are:
(a) +land+ 2 (b) +2 and+ 3
(c) +land -1 (d) +land+ 3
10. Which of the following sublimes on heating?
(a) Al 2 0 3 (b) Al(OHh
(c) (AIH 3 )n (d) (A1Cl3)n
11. The gaseous product(s) expected at room temperature by reaction of sodium borohydride and
boron trifluoride under anhydrous conditions is/ are:
(a) H 2 (b) B2H 6 andH 2
(c) B2 H 6 (d) BH 2 F and H 2
Carbon Family and their Compounds (14 gp.)
12. Silicate having one monovalent comer oxygen atom in each tetrahedron unit is :
(a) sheet silicate (b) cyclic silicate
(c) single chain silicate (d) double chain silicate
13. Pbl 4 does not exist because:
(a) iodine is not a reactive
(b) Pb(IV) is oxidizing and 1- is strong reducing agent
(c) Pb(IV) is less stable than Pb(II)
(d) Pb 4+ is not easily formed
14. The silicate anion in the mineral kinoite is a chain of three SiO tetrahedra, that share comers
4
with adjacent tetrahedra. The change of the silicate anion is:
w~ ~~ w~ w~
15. The gaseous product of the reaction between Sn and cone. H SO is:
2 4
(a) H 2 (b) SO 2
(c) SnH 4 (d) SO 3
16. The dehydration of malonic acid CH 2 (COOH) 2 with P O gives:
4 10
(a) carbon monoxide (b) carbon suboxide
(c) carbon dioxide (d) all three
17. Which of th~ following structural features of graphite best accounts for its use as a lubricant?
(a) Delocal1zed electrons
(b) Strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms
(c) van der Waals' forces between layers
(d) limited three covalency of carbon
18. Which of the following is sparingly soluble in cold water and fairl 1 bl .
(a) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (b) PbCl ysou emhotwater.1
2
(c) PbSO 4 (d) PbCr0
4
19, The structural of silicon(IV) oxide belongs to the type:
(a) ionic lattice
(b) macromolecular, with a layer Structure
(c) molecular lattice, with van der Waals' forces among the molecules
(d) macromolecular, with a non-layer structure
\ 20. Silicon dissolves in excess of HF due to formation of:
(a) SiF4 {b) SiH 4 (c) H 2SiF6 (d) H2SiF4
21, Which of the following halides does not hydrolyse at room temperature?
(a) PbCl4 (b) SiC1 4 (c) CC1 4 (d) SnC1 4
22. SiCI 4 on hydrolysis gives:
(a) silica (b) silicic acid
(c) silicone (d) silicate
2S, Which substance is having molecular solid:
(a) graphite (b) c 60 (c) gold (d) Ca 3 (PO 4}i
24, A cyclic skeleton of silicon and oxygen can constructed by the silicate ion composition:
(a) Si2Oj- or
(b) Si 2 (c) SiOt . (d) Si0!-
25, Which of the following is an organo silicon polymer?
(a) Silica (b) Silicone
(c) Silicon carbide (d) Silicic acid
26. SnC1 2 acts as a reducing agent because:
(a) SnC1 2 can accept electrons readily
(b) Sn 2+ is more stable than Sn 4+
(c) Sn 4+ is more stable than Sn 2+
(d) Sn 2+ can be easily converted to metallic tin
27. The correct order of decreasing ionic nature of lead dihalides is:
(a) PbF2 > PbC1 2 > PbBr2 > Pbl2 Cb) PbF,2 >.PbBr2 > PbC1 2 > Pbl 2
(c) PbF2 <PbC1 2 >PbBr2 <Pbl2 (d) Pbl2 <PbBr2 <PbC1 2 <PbF2
28. Carborundum is a:
(a) molecular solid (b) covalent solid
(c) ionic solid (d) amorphous solid
29. The plague of tin is the:
(a) conversion of stannous to stannic
(b) conversion to white tin to grey tin
(c) emission of sound while bending a tin rod
(d) atmospheric oxidation of tin
30. The butter of tin is represent by:
(a) SnC1 2-SH 2O
(c) SnC1 4 (d) SnC1 4 ·SH 20
31. H 2c 2o 4 (B) ~ gas (A)+ gas (B) + liquid (C).
Gas (A) bums with a blue flame and is oxidised to gas (B)
A+0 2 ----+ B;
B+0 2 +H 2 0---➔ C
A , B and Care:
(a) N 20,N0 2 andHN0 3 (b) NO,N0 2 andHN0 3
(c) N0 2 ,NOandHN0 3 (d) N 2 0,NOandHNQ 3
41. The formation of PH! is difficult compared to NH! because:
(a) lone pair of phosphorus is optically inert
(b) lone pair of phosphorus resides in almost pure p-orbital
(c) lone pair of phosphorus resides at sp 3 orbital
(d) lone pair of phosphorus resides in almost pure s-orbital
42, Nitrogen(}) oxide is produced by:
(a) thermal decomposition of sodium nitrite at low temperature
(b) thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrite
(c) disproportionation of N 2o 4
(d) interaction of hydroxyl amine and nitrous acid
Amongst the following compounds
(I) HsP3010 (II) H6P4013
(III) H 5P50 15 (IV) H 7 P50 16
non-cyclic phosphates are:
(a) I, III (b) I, II, III
(c) I, II, IV (d) I, II, III, IV
44, Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
Ust-1 (Compounds) List-II (used in)
(A) BaS0 4 + ZnS (1) Explosive
(B) NI 3 (2) Oxidiser in rocket propellants
(C) N204 (3) Space capsule
(D) K0 2 (4) Pigment
(A) (B) (C) (D) '' (A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) 3 1 4 2 .
' (b)
(d)
4 1 2 3
(c) 3 4 1 2 ,' 4 3 2 1
45. Which is the correct sequence in the follo' i jfoperties? For the correct order mark (T) and
for the incorrect order mark CF): /I l'f .
(a) Lewis acidity order: SiF4 < SiC14 < SiBr/< Si1 4
(b) Melting point: NH 3 > SbH3 > AsH3 > P~3
(c) Boiling point: NH 3 > SbH 3 > AsH3 > PH3
(d) Dipole moment order: NH 3 > SbH 3 > AsH 3 > PH 3
(a) FTFT (b) TFfF (c) FFIT (d) FFfF
46. An orange solid (X) on heating gives a _
colo~less gas (Y) and only a green residue (Z). Gas (Y)
on treatment with Mg produces a white sohd substance: .
(a) Mg N (b) MgO (c) Mg20 3 (d) MgC1 2
3 2
47. Calcium imide on hydrolysis will give gas (B) which on oxidation by bleaching powder given
gas (C). Gas (C) on reaction with magnesium gives compound (D). (D) on hydrolysis gives
again gas (13). (B), (C) and (D) are:
(a) NH 3, N 2• Mg 3N 2 (b) N 2 ,NH 3 , MgNH
(c) N ,N 0 5 ,Mg(N0 3)i (d) NH3,N0 2 ,Mg(N0 2 )i
2 2
48. Among the following compounds, which on heating do not produce N 2 ?
(a) (NH ) Cr 20 7 (b) NH 4 Cl+ NaN0 2
4 2
(c) NH 4 Cl+Ca0 (d) Ba(N3)~
49. In which of the following compounds hydrolysis takes place through S N1 and SN2 mechanism
respectively?
(a) NF3 , NC1 3 (b) P4 0 10 , SiC1 4
(c) SF4 , TeF6 (d) SiC1 4 , SiF4
so. Incorrect statement about PH 3 is :
(a) It is produced by hydrolysis of Ca 3 P2
(b) It gives black ppt. (Cu 3P2) with CuS0 4 solution
(c) Spontaneously bums in presence of P2H 4
(d) It does not react with B 2H 6
51. Which of the following compound does not produce oxyacid of central atom on hydrolysis?
(a) BF3 (b) NC1 3
(c) SF4 (d) PC1 5
52. The incorrect statement regarding 15 group hydrides (EH 3 ). [E = N, P, As, Sb, Bi]
th
(a) NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > BiH 3 : Thermal stability
(b) N-H > P-H > As-H > Sb-H > Bi-H: E-H bond dissociation enthalpy
(c) NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > BiH 3 : Reducing character
(d) NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH 3 > SbH 3 > BiH 3 : Basicity
53. Calculate x + y + z for H 3PO 3 acid, where x is number of lone pairs, y is number of a-bonds
and z is number of 1t-bonds :
(a) 5 (b) 14
(c) 13 (d) 12
54. A non-metal M forms MC1 3 , M 20 5 and Mg 3 M 2 but does not form MI 5 • Then incorrect
statement regarding non-metal M is :
(a) M can form multiple bond
(b) M is of second period element
(c) Atomicity of non-metal is 4
(d) The range of oxidation number for M is +5 to - 3
55. The incorrect order is :
(a) Thermal stability : HF > HCl > HBr (b) Lewis basic character: PF 3 < PC1 < PBr 3
3
(c) % p-character : NOi > N0 3 > NH4 (d) Bond angle : NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH
3
Oxygen Family and their Compounds (16 gp.)
56. The correct order of S-S bond length in following oxyanions is :
(I) s 20!- (II) S20r (III) S 2o~-
(a) I > II > III (b) I > III > II
(c) Ill > II > I (d) III > I > II
57. In which of the following reaction product does not contain 'Peroxy' linkage?
(a) 20F Dimerisation (b) H4P20s + H:.P
Which set of properties match correctly with properties of the hydrides of these elements:
Hydride of X Hydride of Y Hydride of Z
(a) Colourless gas insoluble Silver/ grey solid reacts Colourless gas forms a
inH 20 with H 20 to form an alkali strong acid in H 2 0
(b) Colourless liquid, no Silver/ grey solid forms H 2 Ionic solid with formula
reaction with H 20 and H 20 ZH
(c) Non-polar compound Silver/ grey ionic solid Forms when water is
reacts with Cl 2 in light with formula YH 2 added to phosphorus and
elemental Z.
(d) Colourless gas which Silver/ grey solid which Colourless, corrosive
bums with air reacts violently with acids liquid at STP
78. The incorrect order is :
(a) HF < HCl < HBr < HI : Acidic strength
(b) HF > HCl > HBr > HI : Thermal stability
(c) HF > HCl > HBr > HI : Boiling point
(d) HF > HCl > HBr > HI : Bond dissociation enthalpy
Noble Gases and Xenon Compounds (18 gp.)
79. The correct statement regarding perxenate ion (XeOt) is :
(a) It is polar species
(b) It is a planar species
(c) 'Xe-0' bond order is 1.33
(d) Molecular ion has only one type of bond angle
80. XeF and XeF are separately hydrolysed then;
(a) both give ~ut o 2 (b) Xe~6 gives 0 2 an~ XeF2 does not
(c) XeF alone gives 0 2 (d) Neither of them gives HF
2
81. MF+ XeF4 ~ 'A' (M+ = Alkali metal cation)
The state of hybridisation of the central atom in 'A and shape of the species are:
(a) sp 3 d, TBP (b) sp 3 d 3 , distorted octahedral
(c) sp 3 d 3 , pentagonal planar (d) No compound formed at all
82. Xenon tetrafluoride, XeF4 is:
(a) tetrahedral and acts as a fluoride donor with SbFs
(b) square planar and acts as a fluoride donor with PFs
(c) square planar and acts as fluoride donor with NaF
(d) see-saw shape and acts as a fluoride donor with AsFs
83. XeF 6
dissolves in anhydrous HF to give a good conducting solution which contains:
(a) H+ and XeF7 ion , .· (b) HF2 and XeFt' ions
(c) HXeFt and F- ions (d) none of these
84. Which of the following is not true about helium?
(a) It has the lo}Vest boiling point
(b) It has the highest first ionization energy
(c) It can diffuse through rubber and plastic material
(d) It can form clathrate compounds
85. SbF 5 reacts with XeF4 to form an adduct. The shapes of cation and anion in the adduct are
respectively: ' '' '
(a) square planar, trigonal bipyramidal · (b) T-shaped, octahedral
(c) square pyramidal, octahedral · (d) square planar, octahedral
86. Consider the following transformations:
(0 XeF6 +NaF ~ Na+[XeF7 r r
(II) 2PC1 5 (s) ---+ [PC1 4 ]+(PC1 6
(III) [Al(H 20) 6 ]3+ + H 20 ~ [Al(H 20)sOH]2+ + H 30+
Possible transformations are:
(a) I, II, III (b) I, III (c) I, II (d) II, III
87. Which of the following is an uncommon hydrolysis product of XeF2 and XeF4 ?
(a) Xe (b) Xe0 3
(c) HF ' (d) 0 2
88. Incorrect statement regarding following reactions is :
+ Excess H 2O 'X
Each oxy-acid contains at least one X-OH unit (Xis non-metal). The H-atom of X-OH unit
is ionisable and the number of -OH groups directly attach to non-metal decides the basicity
of oxy-acid. , •
1. Which of the following oxy-acid does not have its peroxy form having two central atoms ?
(a) H2SO 4 (b) HNO 3
(c) H 3 PO 4 (d) None
2. Which of the following hypoform of oxy-acid can exhibit tautomerism ?
(a) H 2N 20 2 (b) H 4 P2O 6
~H~~6 WH~O 3
3. Which of the following oxyanion of Pyro acid has different oxidation state of central atom ?
wspt M&~~
(c) S 20~- (d) None
2
Formation of a bridge bond is best explained by rµ.o\ecular orbital t;heory. According to which
a bridge bond is formed by fillin~ electr:ons_in~o JJ}.?li~af-9rbital which spread over three
quclei h ~ such bonds are spegfj.~~epttresl bond.__ --~---- _
1. In which of the following dimer empty atomic orbital of central atom of monomer does not
involve in hybridization:
(a) Ga 2 H 6 (b) Al 2 Br6
(c) Be 2 H 4 (d) Cl 2 0 6
2. In which of the following compound hybridization of bridging atom is different from
hybridisation of central atom :
(a) Al 2(NH 2)6 (b) l 2Cl 6
(c) Solid BeC1 2 (d) Al 2(OH) 6
3. Which of the following compound is having maximum number of atoms in same plane ?
(a) Al 2Me 6 (b) B 2H 6
(c) Be 2 H 4 (d) C 3 H 4
3-·
Question No. 1 to 3 (3 questions)
(i) P + C(carbon) + Cl 2 --+ Q + CO t (ii) Q + H O ------+ R + HCI
(iii) BN + H20 --+ R + NH 3 t (iv) Q + LWH 4 -----+ S + LiCI+ A1Cl3
(v) S + H2 --+ R + H 2 t (vi) S + N~H -----+ T
(P, Q. R, S and T do not represent their chemica:'l symbols)
1. Compound Q has:
(I) zero dipole moment (II) a planar trigonal structure
(III) an electron deficient compound (IV) a Lewis base
Choose the correct code:
(a) I, IV (b) I, II, IV (c) I, II, III (d) I, II, III, IV
2. Compound T is used as a/an:
(a) oxidising agent (b) complexing agent (c) bleaching agent (d) reducing agent
3. Compound S is:
(I) an odd-e- compound (II) (2c - 3e - ) compound
(III) a electron deficient compound (IV) a sp 2 hybridized compound
Choose the correct code:
(a) III (b) I, III
(c) II, III, IV (d) I, II, IV
• l
0Blue 0
Yellow ppt. Gives blue colour Brown
· Gas colour
I
to the flame
H2S
dil. HN03
0 0 + 0 0
Black ppt. Vapour Gas Complex
com~ound
The following flow diagram represent the industrial preparation of nitric acid from ammonia:
NH 3 + 0~ ~ NO ~ (Z) ~ HNO 3 + NO
(excess air) ·
900"C ·. air . ·
Species having X - 0 - H linkage (){ ,. non.metal with positive oxidation state) are called
oxy acids and parent add of• non-metal may uiat IMwo lolm (a) -le fonn of parent oxy _acid
(b) -UJ - . • ,. .
1, Number of P--0 bond(s) having bond order =2, in P2 0t ion is :
(a) 0 (b) 2
~3 006
2, Which of the following parent oxy acid does not have its pyro-oxy acid ?
(a) H2S0 3 (b) HN0
3
(c) H 3P03 (d) H Si0 4
4
3, X - 0 - X bond (where X = central atom) is not present in species.
(a) Cl207 (b) H 2N 20 2
(c) N 20s (d) H 2S207
Consider the following sequence of reactions, if A is sulphuric acid, then give the answer of
following questions.
®
i-H20
®._:t:Q:_@ -~~o "®~@
t·o·
'l • ., ®
1. Which of the following oxy acid does not have peroxy (-0-0-) linkage?
WF ™c
(c) E (d) None of these
2
2. In which of the following compound S-~~om is sp -hybridised :
we ™E
~D OOB
3. Which of the following oxy acid is having S--0-S linkage ?
WB ™c
(c) F (d) None of these
ONE OR MORE ANSWERS IS/ARI CORREa
1, Consider the following reactions :
A x + yB 2 _ _limite
_d__., compound 'P' +zB2
---➔ Compound 'Q'
supply of air excess air
If atomic number of elements A and Bare 15 and 8 respectively.then according to the given
information the correct statement(s) is/ are:
(a) (B-A-B) bond angle in compound 'Q' > (B-A-B) bond angle in compound 'P
(b) (A-B) bond length in compound 'Q' < (A-B) bond length in compound 'P
(c) Value of x + y + z is 9
(d) Compound 'P' is P20 5 and compound 'Q' is P4 0 10 ,
2. Which of the following is V-shaped :
(a) s~- Cb) r3 (c) N 3 (d) 1;
3. 'X'+6H 20 ~ ' Y'+6HF
X +H 20 ~ 'Z'+ 2HF
If 'X' is xenon hexafluoride than correct statement is:
(a) Compound 'Y is Xe0 3 which is explosive solid
(b) Both compound 'Y and 'Z' have same number of lone pair(s) at central atom
(c) 'Z' is a partially hydrolysed product of compound 'X
(d) 'X act as fluoride donor when it reacts with alkali metal fluoride.
4. Which of the following oxy anion(s) contain(s) P-0 bond order equal to 1.5 ?
(a) H 2 P2 0~- (b) H 2 P0 3 (c) H 2P0 4 (d) H 2 P0 2
5. Which of the following order is correct ?
(a) N 2 > F2 > 0 2 : Ionisation energy
(b) H 2Te > H 2 Se > H 2S > H 20 : Reducing nature
(c) H 20 > H 2Te > H 2 Se > H 2S: Boiling pain~ .
(d) HClO 4 > HClO 3 > HCl0-2 > HClO : Oxidising nature
6. Consider the following sequence of reaction
SOCl +H2o
'A'
2 - 2HCI
l
_ +PC!5
- 'B'
I
Then according to given information the correct statement(s) is/ are :
(a) Compound 'If has p1t-p1t bond
(b) Central atom of compound Bis sp 3 -hybridized
(c) Compound 'B' has plane of symmetry
(d) Compound 'If is polar and B is non-polar
7, Correct statement(s) about hydrolysis of H 5P30 10 is/are:
(a) H 4 P20 6 can be formed by its partial hydrolysis
(b) Hydrolysis is proceeded by SN AE mechanism
(c) Complete hydrolysis produces H PO
(d) HsP3O10 is obtained by hydrolr:is of H p O
. 3 3 9
8, Th e speoes which react with silica/glass in presence of moisture :
(a) HF (b) XeF2 (c) XeF 4 (d) XeF6
9, In which of the following compound(s) terminal (2C - 2e- ) bond and bridge bonds are lying in
same plane:
(a)I2d6 (b)Fe 2Cl 4
(c) Solid Bed 2 (d) Ga 2H 6
10, The correct statement(s) regarding diborane (B 2H 6 ) is/are :
(a) Maximum six hydrogen atoms can lie in a plane
(b) Maximum six atoms can lie in a plane.
(c) Bridging Hb - B - Hb bond is stronger than terminal B - H t bond
(d) Terminal Ht - B - Ht bond angle is greater than bridging H b - B - Hb bond angle
11, In which of the compounds oxygen does not exhibit oxidation state ( -2) 7
(a) CsO 2 (b) K 2O 2 (c) OF2 (d) Cl 2O
12. Aqueous solution of boric acid is treated with salicylic acid. Which of the following statPments
is/are incorrect for the product formed in the above reaction?
(a) no product will be formed because both are acid
(b) product is 4-coordinated complex and optically resolvable
(c) product is 4-coordinated complex and optically non-resolvable
(d) there are two ring only which are five membered
13. Borazine is called 'inorganic benzene' min view of its ring structure with alternate BH and NH
groups. Which of the following statements is correct about borazine?
(a) Each B and N atom is sp 2 hybridised
(b) Borazine satisfies the ( 4n + 2) Huckel's rule
(c) Like organic benzene, borazine does not give addition product with HCl
(d) Borazine contains dative pre - pre bond
14. Identify the correct statement about orthoboric acid:
(a) It has a layer structure in which planar BO 3 units are joined by hydrogen bonds
(b) Orthoboric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) is a weak monobasic Lewis acid
(c) On heating ortho-boric acid form meta-boric acid and on further heating to red hot, forms
boric oxide anhydride
(d) It is obtained by reacting borax with dilute HCl using phenolphthalein as an indicator
15. Which of the following methcxis can be used for the preparation of anhydrous aluminium chloride?
(a) Heating Ald 3 ~H2O .
(b) Heating a mixture of alumina and coke in a current of dry chlorine
(c) Passing dry HCl gas over heated aluminium powder
(d) Passing dry chlorine over heated aluminium ·
16. Identify the correct statements regarding structure of diborane:
(a) There are two bridging hydrogen atoms
(b) Each boron atom forms four bonds
(c) The hydrogen atoms are not in the same plane
3
(d) each boron atom is in sp hybridized state
17. Heating of oxalic acid with cone. H 2SO 4 evolves:
(a) CO (b) S0 2 (c) CO2
18. Which of the following is/are correct for group 14 elements?
(a) The stability of dihalides are in the order CX 2 + SiX 2 < GeX 2 < SnX 2 < PbX 2
(b) The ability to form pn-pn multiple bonds among themselves increases down the group
(c) The tendency for catenation decreases down the group
(d) They all form oxides with the formula MO 2
19. Select the correct statement about silicates:
(a) Cyclic silicate having three Si atoms contains six Si-0-Si linkages.
(b) 21 over oxygen atoms of per tetrahedron unit are shared in double chain silicate
2
( c) (Si 20 5 ) ~- is formula of double chain silicate
(d) Sio:- units polymerize to form silicate because Si atom has less tendency to form
n-bond with oxygen
20. SiO 2 reacts with:
(a) Na 2C0 3 (b) CO 2 (c) HF (d) HCl
21. ~ /hich of the following statement(s) is/are true?
(a) The lattice structure of diamond and graphite are different
(b) Graphite is an impure form of carbon while diamond is a pure form
(c) Graphite is harder than diamond
(d) Graphite is thermally more stable than diamond
22. On strong heating Pb(N0 3 )i gives:
(a) PbO (b) N0 2
(c) 0 2 (d) NO
23. Pb0 2 is:
(a) acidic (b) basic
(c) reducing agent (d) oxidising agent
24. Which of the following is true for allotropes of phosphorus?
(a) Yellow phosphorus is soluble in CS 2 while red phosphorus is not
(b) P-P-P bond angle is 60° in red phosphorus
(c) On heating in air, white phosphorus changes to red
(d) White phosphorus slowly changes to red phosphorus at ordinary temperatures
25. Which of the following statements are true about P4 O 6 and p4 o ?
10
(a) Both these oxides have a closed cage like structure
(b) Each oxide requires 6 water molecules for complete hydrolysis to form their • cids
(c) Both these oxides contain 12 equivalent P-0 bonds respective oxoa
(d) P4 0 6 andP 4 0 10 both contains p1t - d1t bonds
26. Which of the following, when dissolved in water, will liberated ammonia?
(a) NaN0 3 (b) NaN0
2
(c) NaNH 2 (d) Na 3N
2'1. PH 3 can be obtained by:
(a) heating hypophosphorus acid
(b) heating orthophosphorus acid
(c) reacting white phosphorus with hot cone. NaOH
(d) hydrolysis of calcium phosphide
2s. Which of the following are used as fertilizers?
(a) Ca3(P04}i (b) Ca(HiP<J 4 h
(c) CaNCN (d) CaC
29. Whi~ of the following statement(s) regarding nitrog~ sesquioxide (N 20 3 ) is/are correct?
(a) N~trogen sesquioxide is stable only in the liquid state. It dissociates in the vapour state
(b) Nitrogen sesquioxide is a neutral oxide
(c) Nitrogen sesquioxide contains a weak N-N bond
(d) Nitrogen sesquioxide exists in two different forms
30. Photochemical decomposition of HNO 3 produces:
(a) N 2 (b) N 20
(c) N02 (d) 0 2
31, Identify the correct statement(s):
(a) P4 0 10 is used as a drying agent
(b) P 4 0 10 contains prc-drc back bonding
(c) in P4 0 10 each P atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms
(d) P 4 0 10 hydrolyse in water forming phosphorus acid
32. Which of the following will be formed when HN0 2 disproportionates in aqueous medium?
(a) NH 3 (b) N 2 (c) NO (d) HN0 3
33. Which of the following species is/ are formed when cone. HN0 3 is added to cone. sulphuric
acid?
(a) N0 3
(c) NO+
34. The correct order of reducing power of MH 3 is:
(a) NH 3 < PH 3 < SbH 3 < BiH 3
(b) PH 3 <AsH 3 <BiH 3 < SbH 3
(c) BiH 3 < SbH 3 < PH 3 < NH3
(d) PH 3 <AsH 3 < SbH 3 < BiH3
35. Which of the following do not have tendency to act as ligands during complex formation?
(a) BiH (b) PH 3 (c) AsH 3 (d) SbH 3
3
36. Metal(s) M in the following equation is/are
M +N2 ~ Metal nitride
(a) Na (b) Li
(c) Cs (d) Mg
37. Which of the following compound(s) is/are explosive(s)?
(a) NF3 (b) N03
(c) NBr (d) Nl3
II. The co~pounds obtained by heating of orthophosphoric acid ~ : .
(a) metaphosphoric acid Cb) pyrophospbonc aod
(c) P 0 (d) P4010
4 6
39. At high temperatures, nitrogen directly combines with:
(a) Zn (b) Mg
(c) Al (d) Pe
40. Phosphine is obtained by the reaction when:
(a) White phosphorus is heated with NaOH
Cb) Ca 3P 2 reacts with water
(c) red phosphorus is heated with NaOH
(d) phosphorus is heated in current of hydrogen
41. Predict product(s) in the following reaction,
P + OH- ---+ Product(s)
(a) PH 3 (b) POf (d) P02
42. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) N0 2 is a paramagnetic substance (b) Solid is brown in colour
(c) N0 2 dimerizes toN 20 4 (d) N0 2 is a mixed anhydride
43. Which is true about N 20 5 ?
(a) It is anhydride of HNO 3
(b) In solid state it exists as NO~N0 3
(c) It is structurally similar to P20 5
(d) It can be prepared by heating HN0 3 over P20 5
44. White phosphorus can be separated from red phosphorus by:
(a) sublimation (b) dissolving in CS 2
(c) distillation (d) heating with alkali solution
gentle heat
45. Orthophosphoric acid 2200
c X
Entries of Column-I are to be matched with entries of Co!umn-11. Each entry of Column-I
may have the matching with one or more than one entnes of Column-II.
1.
4.
-,,.,.,....Jll1•:~· ·~ ~ « ~ : .
s. . .;" ,,.. ......:'.. . ·' ..
-;
(B) N02 H~
(Q) Can act as flexidentate ligand
(R) Can act as both oxidising and reducing
agent
(S) Can act as monodentate ligand
6. Cobunn-1 Colamn-D
7. Match the Column-I with the graph of Column-II which is most close to the answer.
~
group elements
oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium
2 3 4 5 (Period No.)
(R)
r
(C) The stability of monochlorides of group
13 elements
boron, aluminium, gallium, indium
2 3 4 5 (Period No.)
(D) Melting points of the dioxides of the (S)
group 14 elements
carbon, silicon, germanium, tin
2 3 4 5 (Per.od "4o.)
8. Column-I contains four statements following reason and Column-II con.sises of four opdoni ~
Q, R, S.
Answer the following :
P ➔ If both statement and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of Statement.
Q ➔ If both statement and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation o f statement.
R ➔ If statement is correct and reason is incorrect.
S ➔ If both state ment and reason are incorrect.
Column-I
p
(A) Statements PbI 4 is a stable compound
Reason Iodide stabilizes higher oxidation state.
(B) Statements White phosphorus is more reactive than red Q
phosphorus.
Reason Red phosphorus consists of P4 tetrahedral units
linked to one another to form linear chains.
(C) Statement Caro's acid has sulphur atom in sp 3 hybridized R
state.
Reason Caro's acid contains one peroxy O ~- linkage.
9. Col~I
(P) Si 4 0 10-
(A) Negative charge on the anion is 13
equal to the number of terminal
oxygen atoms
(B) Three shared comers and ten (Q) SiO!°
unshared comers
(C) Silicon atom(s) is/ are present at (R) Si 4 0~2
the center of geometry and every
oxygen atom is present at each
comer of the geometry
(D) Non-planar geometry CS) Si 20t°
List-I List-II
(Mixtures) (Solution used for separation)
(A) N 2 and CO (P) Water
(B) N 2 and 0 2 (Q) H 2S0 4 acid
(C) N 2 and NH 3
11,
~,.,. __ _
(D) PH 3 and NH 3
13. Column-II
(Acid anhydride)
(P) N 20 5
(A) HOCl
(Q) Cl 2 0 7
(B) HN03
(R) Cl 20
(C) H3P04
'(S) N0 2
(D) HCl04
(T) P4 0 10
14. Column-II
15. Column-D
16.
en Hydrogenation
17.
(A) Hypo phosphoric acid (P) All hydrogen are ionizable in water
18.
22. <:ol....,.I
23. ~ •
.:.
(P) Reducing property
(A) NH 3 > PH 3 > AsH3 > SbH3
(8) KF > KCl > KBr > Kl
(Q) Heat of fusion (M.P.)
(R) Thermal stability
(C) H 2O > H 2S> H 2Se> H2Te
(S) Lewis basic character
(D) CH•< SiH 4 < GeH 4 < SnH•
(A) SF4 (P) Can act as Lewis acid as well as Lewis base
(B) AsH 3 (Q) Central atom belongs to 16th or 17th group
(C) Cl0 4 (R) Non-axial set of d-orbitals do not use in
bonding
(D) SbC1 4 (S) Only one type bond angle
(T) Oxidation state of central atom is +4 or
greater than +4
1. In phosphorus acid, ifXis number of non-bonding electron pairs. Yis number of cr-bonds and Z
is number of 1t-bonds. Then calculate value of'' Y x Z - X' '.
2. Consider the following oxyanions :
Pot, P2 o t ,so~- , Mn0 4,era~-, s 20~- , s 20 ~-
and find the value of R + Q - P
Where p = Number of oxy anions having three equivalent X-0 bonds per central atom
Q = Number of oxy anions having two equivalent X-0 bonds per central atom
R = Number of oxy anions having four equivalent X-0 bonds per central atom
3. For oxyacid HClO x , if x = y = z (x, y and z are natural numbers), then calculate the value of
lx+y+zl. Where x = Number of 'O' atoms
y = Total number of lone pairs at central atom
z = Total number of pi( 1t) electrons in the oxyacid.
4. Consider the following representation of oxy-acid, H ni S20 n2 , (where S is central sulphur atom
and n, and n 2 are natural numbers). If there are two possible oxy-acid of sulphur A and B
contains ratio of n 2: n 1 are 2 and 4 respectively, then sum of oxidation state of 'S' atom in both
oxy-acid will be :
5. Total number of molecules which hydrolysed at room temperature and hybridization of central
atom is sp 3d in transition state :
CCI 4 , SiC1 4 , NC1 3, PC1 3 , AsC1 3, SF6 , P,.06, P4 01(i, SeF6
6, The difference between total number of lone pairs and total number of cr-bonds in
3
[B 30 3(0H)6) - molecular ion is :
7, Calcula te value of Ix + y - zJ for the following silicate [Si X O y+% ) 1 - anion•
8, The general formula of polythionate ion is Sn+ 2o~-. if average oxidation state of 'S' atom in
any polythionate ion is equal to bond order of 'S-0' bond. Then calculate the value of 'n' for
the corresponding polythionate ion.
9, Total number of Boron atoms in anionic part of borax which participate in back bonding.
10. Choose total number of correct reactions.
(i) When CuSO 4 solution reacts with NH 3 , complex is formed.
(ii) When CuSO 4 solution react with PH 3 , complex is formed.
conc.H:§O 4
(iii) C 12H 220 11 --....::.....---'42C + 11H 20
(iv) NH 3 + Cl 2 ~NH 4 Cl + N 2
(excess)
Where x =Maximum number of atoms th~t can lie in plane having terminal (Al - Me) bonds.
y = Total number of 3c - 2e - bonds.
z = Total number of atoms that are sp 3 hybridized.
17. Sum of oxidation state of nitrogen atom in hyponitrous acid, nitric acid and nitrous acid.
18. Find the value of x in the tremolite asbestos :
Ca 2Mg xCSi 4 0 11 ) 2(OH) 2
19. Consider the following silicates
(a) BaTi(Si 3 O 9 ) (b) ZnCa 2Si 2O 7
Then calculate X + Y, where X and Y are total number of monovalent and divalent oxygen
atoms in both silicates respectively.
20. Atomicity of white or yellow phosphorus is 4 and it is represented as P molecule
4
Calculate the value of expression X· y
regarding this molecule.
z
Where x : Total number of vertex angles in P4 molecule
y : Total number of lone pairs in P4 molecule
z : Total number of P - P bonds in P4 molecule
21. Marshall's acid Hf> >A+ B
A Hf> > B +C
If p and Q represent maximum number of atoms that can lie in a plane of compound A and c
respectively. Then, find out value of (P - Q).
22. Consider following four compounds
(i) CxOy (ii) CxOy+t (iii) Cx+2Oy+t and (iv) C O
X+ll y+B•
If " x = y = 1'' , then calculate the value of Ip - ~, where p and q are total number of sp 2 and
hybridized carbon atoms respectively in given four compounds.
23. If following molecules undergo dimerization then find the value of yz .
x·
(i) ClO 3 (ii) OF (iii) GaH
3 (iv) AlCl 3
(v) IC13 (vi) BeH 2 (vii) NO
2
Where : X = Number of molecules which are hypervalent in dimeric form.
Y = Number of molecules which complete octet in dimer form
Z = Number of molecules which are hypovalent in dimeric form
24. Consider Al 2(OH) 6 compound and calculate the value of (X + Y) + z
Where X = Total number of (2c - 2e - ) bond.
349
Y = Total number of (3c - 2e -) bond
Z == Total number of (3c - 4e -) bond
2s. Consid~r the following covalent compounds in their solid st11tr nn<I find the vnl1111 of'
expression (X + Y + Z).
N20s, Cl206 , PC1 5 , l 2 Cl 6 • XeF6 , PBr~
Where X ==Total number of compounds in wl~ich central mom of cn1lo11lc or 11nlo11h• p11r1 lri 8/1 :,
hybridized
Y == Total number of compounds having 90° bond angle either In cn1 lo11lc 111110111 · purl. 01·
Z =Total number of compounds having 109°28' bond angle either In c111 Ionic or 1111lo11lc p11r1,
26 . Consider following compounds A to E. •
(A) XeFn (B) XeFc;+l) (C) XcFc~11 I) (L)) Xc l/(111 :I)
(E) XeFi:,: .0 ,
If value of n is 4, then calculate value of" p + q" here,• p' is totnl 1111mhcr of ho11d pnlr 1111cl 't/' Is
total number of lone pair on central atoms of compounds A 10 B.
27. When B 2H 6 is allowed to react with following lewis bases, then how 1111111y Riven lewis hnscs
form adduct through symmetrical cleavage of B2 H 6 ?
NH 3 , MeNH 2 , Pyridine, CO, T.H.R, PH 3 , PF3 • Me :iN, Me:iNH
28. What is covalency of chlorine atom in second excited state ?
o~ ~ /?o
29. Consider the following molecule : a7r b~
°'s,......
cf?~
Calculate value of p .;- q, here p and q are total number of drr - p1t bonds and total number of
sp 3 -hybridised atoms respectively in given molecule.
2 2
30 . Consider the following structures and calculate value of (P - Q )
F 0 0 F
II """~F II
I o
I/ F (iii) C I/
en Cs "'--..
I
F
F
(ii) F-s··"'
l "'F
F
p
Ho,.....-1"-oH
H
(iv)
I
F "'a-
~'D
F
F ,,J / F
F "-._(}/
( V) F / I"'--..
F
F
(vi)o,~ F
(vii) CJ-I " '
Cl
Cl
F
... T:-;:"~·~ ' ~
-~--< - ---· ~-•-:.I I.&.•-,,~ .J.J . . . . . . . . .Jr.-.-..,..,;.
31. Calculate the value of "x + y - z" here x y and z are total number of non-?00ded electron
pair(s), pie(1t) bond(s) and sigma bonds ' in · respecttve1y.
' hydrogen phosph.1te ion
32. Consider the following species :
(i) CHi (ii) (C 3 H 5 ) 3 Al (iii) HCHO (iv) CH4
(v) (C 2 H 5 hN (vi) TiC1 4 (vii) CO2 (viii) SiC1 4
(ix)BF3
The find out total number of species which can act as Lewis acid.
33. Consider the following species CF , GeH , BC1 , A1Br , H 2 0, PH3, PCls, CO2, CH4 and
4 4 3 3
calculate value of (x - y) 2 :
Where, x: Total number of species which can act as only Lewis acid.
y: Total number of species which can act as Lewis acid as well as Lewis base.
34. If X,Yand Z are total number oh-bond(s) inH S 0 , H S0 and H S 0 respectively then
2 2 6 2 3 2 2 7
calculate value of expression IX + Y - ZI.
35. Calculate value of" x + y" for "hypophosphoric acid", where x is total number of lone pair(s)
and y is total number 1t-bond(s) in given oxo-acids.
36. Atomicity of white or yellow phosphorus is 4 and it is represented as P molecule.
4
Calculate the value of expression X;Yr~garding this molecule.
Where X: Total number of vertex angles in P4 molecule
Y: Total number of lone pairs in P4 molecule
Z: Total number of P-P bonds in P 4 molecule
ANSWERS
Level
t . (d) 10. (d)
12. (a) 11, (b) 19. (d) 20. (c)
"· (a ) •• (b,c)
eo. (d)
"· (b)
Level
10. (c)
11. (b) 19. (d) 20. (d)
-...
'ZI. (d) · 21. (a) 29. (a) 30. (d)
37. (d) 3.1. (a) 31. (c) (b)
\',. (a) I• (c) 41. {a) so. (d)
57. {a) 51. {d) 59. {c) (b)
ff. {d)
•• {c) 19. {c) 70. (b)
71.
"· {c) ii.
ti:
(c)
(b)
Level 3
. ....ge-1 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c)
9. (a,b) 10. (b,c,d) 11. (a,b,c) 12. (a,c,d) 13. (a,b,d) 14. (a,b,c) 15. (b,c,d) 16. (a,b,c,d)
17. (a,c) 18. (a,c,d) 19. (b,d) 20. (a,c) 21. (a,d) 22. (a,b,c) 23. (a,b,d) 24. (a,d)
25. (a,b,c) 26. (c, d) 27. (a,b,c,d) 28. (b,c) 29. (c,d) 30. (c,d) 31 . (a ,b) 32. (c,d)
33. (b,d) 34. (a,d) 35. (a,c,d) 36. (b,d) 37. (b,c,d) 38. (a,b,d) 39. (b,c) 40. (a,b)
41. (a,c) 42. (a,c,d) 43. (a,b,d) 44. (b) 45. (a,b) 46. (a,b,d) 47. (a ,d) 48. (a,c)
49. (c,d) 50. (a,c,d) 51 . (a,b,c) 52. (a,b) 53. (a,b,c) 54. (a,b,c) 55. {b,c,d) 56. {c,d)
57. (a,b,d) 58. (c,d) 59. (a,d) 60. (b,d) 61. (b,d) 62. (a,b,d) 63. (a ,d) 64. (a,d)
65. (a,b,c) 66. (b,c,d) 67. (b,c,d) 68. (b,c) 69. (a,b,c) 70. {b,c) 71. (b,d) 72. (a,c,d)
73. (a,b,c) 74. (a,b,d) 75. (a,b) 76. (a,b,d) 77. (a,c,d) 78. {a,b,d) 79. (a ,b) 80. (b,c)
81 . (a,b,d) 82. (a,b,d) 83. (a,c,d) 84. (a,b,c,d) 85. (b,c) 86. (a,b,c,d) 87. (a,d) 88. (a,c,d)
89. (a,b) 90. (a,d) 91. (a,d) 92. (a,c,d) 93. (a,b,c) 94. (a,b,d) 95. (a,c) 96. {a,b,c,d)
97. (a,b,c)
Block Element • · " : • .·_. ,:;_. . · .• ·.. , , . . ; • . .. • --~-' ..•
' . . ,, . . ..., ,, . : ~ . ,.,
13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (C)
11. (C) 12. (A)
23. (A) 24. (C) 25. (B) 28. (C) 27. (A)
21. (C) 22. (A)
Subjective Problems
1. 0 2. 3 3. 6 4, 9 s. 5 6. 0 7. 0
10. 7 11. 16 12. 08 13. 03 14. 02
8. 4 9, 2
17, 9 18. 5 19. 3 20. 8 21. 2
1S. 2 16. 1
24, 5 25. 9 26. 4 27. 6 28. 5
22. 7 23. 3
31, 3 32. 7 33. 16 34. 1 35. 6
29. 1 30. 7
36. 8
Lavel 1
1. (c) AICl 3-6Hp dissociation [AIC12(Hp)4 t + [AICl4(HPhr
14. (b)
+3 +5
43. (d) N 0 2 Oxidation I NOJ
44. (c) PH 3 stable species.
46. (b) Order of M.P. or B.P. or critical temperature : HP > H2Te > Hpe > Hp
0 0 0 0
II II II II
48. (c) HO-ri- o- o-ri-OH + HP - HO-ri- OH + H-O-O-ri-O-H
0 0 0 0
(Sulphuric acid) (Peroxomono-sulphuric acid)
52. (d) Hp 2 is thermally unstable and it decomposes easily.
HP2<O - HzC)(1)+½0 2(g)
Its decomposition is catalysed by alkali metals present in traces in the glass of the vessel.
54. (b) HC1O 4 > HBr0 4 > HIO 4 ⇒ acidic strength has been decided on the basis of electronegativity or charge
density on central atom.
55. (c) 12 + 10HNO 3 - 2HI03 + l0NO2 + 4H:zC)
56. (a) Decreasing order of thermal stability of oxy acids of chlorine.
HOC1O 3 ; HOC1O 2; HOCIO; HOC!
In HOCIO 3, chlorine is in +7 oxidation state.
57. (b) SCO + I:zC) 5 - SCO2 + 12
12 + 2Napp 3 ~ 2Nal + Nap4O6
60. (d)
(a) - Bond dissociation energy ofF2 is less than that ofC1 2
(b) - Cl has higher E.A. than fluorine.
(c) - HF is weaker acid than HCl, due to higher bond energy
61. (c) Due to larger siz~ of iofdinhel a~om it~ acc~mmodatedupto seven small fluorine atoms around, it while
due to sma11er sizes o c onne an ronune atoms o not accommodate sev fl . • e.
steric factor dominate in case of chlorine and bromine. en uonne atoms, 1• '
10. (a) s1 : Molecular solid, in solid sulphur various S8 molecules are bonded to one an th b ak ular
forces O er y we mo1ec
2-.:s.... ,...s.... ,...s
SII• .. , ~ , " , ~ , .. ⇒ Zig-Zag
Si02: represents to 3D silicate, that has covalent lattice as one silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen
atoms, and each oxygen in turn is bonded to two silicon.
II
0 0
II
-0-Si-0-Si-0-
1 I
0 0
I I
-0-Si-0-Si- 0 -
1 I
0 0
I I
72, (d) Bond dissociation energy a: 1
Bond length
Order of bond length: P-0 > S-0 > Cl-0 OrderofBDE: Cl-0 > S-0 > P-0
1. (d) Lewis acidic strength : BF3 < BC13 < BBr3 < 813
As 813 is strongest lewis acid among all boron halides therefore, heat of adduct formation will be
maximum numerically, for 813 •
Al
9. (d) B,P 3 --+ B(crystalline)
6
Mg
B,P 3 --+ B (Amorphous)
6
10. (c) Al(OH)3 dissolves in NaOH solution to give Al(OH)4 ion which is supposed to have the octahedral
complex species [Al(OHMH.Ph.:r in aqueous solution.
Al(OH)3 + NaOH(aq) --+ [Al(OHMH:z())zr(aq) +Na+(aq)
11. (d) Borazone: A crystalline form of boron nitride which has diamond like structure.
(Non-planar)
Borazole : Inorganic benzene: B~ 3H 6 (planar)
planar
non planar
pl~ar
FCN
12. Cb) In borax (Na.iB,i07 ·10H:zC)), among 10 water molecules 2 molecules are part of Strocture, i.e., exists
Na 2[8 ,p 5(OH)4 ]-8H:zC)
Na[Al(OH) ]
4
+ H 2f
(Q)
20. Cd)
11
,!,,.H20
HNO 2
(Y)
0
#N'-
0"' o-
Hyb. sp2 J
shape : Triangular planar
(b) H4Pp7 O o
11 · II
OH- ~- 0 - ~_.,_ 0 _
H
OH OH
(c)HJ>P6 o 0
11 II
HO-P- P-OH
I I
OH OH
31. (d) NH 3 is a weak reducing agent thnn PH 3 , because X - H bond strength decre118eff down the group. Due
to absence of H-bonding, only weak vnn der Wnals force of nttrnctlon exlstfi In PH a, It luw lower crhlcol
temperature than NH 3.
½
33. (b) AgNO 3 ---- Ag + 0 2 + NO 2
500°C
2NaNO 3 - 2NaNO 2 + 0 2
800°C
4NaNO 3 - 2Nap+SO 2 +2N 2
36. (b) PC1 5 + Hp ---- POC1 3 + 2HC1
(A) (B)
56.
."
.g ,.......s~ll,.......o:
II s .. ."
.g ,.......s~ll,.......o:
II s ..
. .G
·o· •o·
. ·:o: II
According to Bents rule x1 > x2 > x 3.
l>imerisation -I -I
57. (a) a : 20F F-0-0-F
-I -I
2H3P04 +H-0-0-H
A Na•o- -O""Na•
~
58. (d) 0,,.s,OHyb. : 5P 2.Structure : V-shape, planar
~
o-' \'o-- s=o
?i
y-S0 3 : Cyclic trimer:
0
--i \
o' "'-o
59. (c) S0 2 soluble in water. So can not be collected over water.
S0 2 +Hp--. H~0 4
61, (d) Aqueous solution ofS0 2 acts as a reducing agent
S0 2 + 2H:z0 ---. H~O 4 + 2H
nascent hydrogen
Thus, S0 2 in presence of moisture is used as bleaching agenL This is due to the reducing nature of SO 2.
For delicate articles
Coloured matter + H --► Colourless matter
Similarly, Cl 2 acts as bleaching agent in presence of moisture
Cl 2 +H:P --► 2HC1+[0]
Coloured matter + [0] --► Colourless matter
62. (d) In SF s sterically hindered by six fluorine atoms hence, attack ofH:P molecule will not occur. NF3 is
not h~lysed due to absence of vacant orbital either on N of F atom.
TeF6 is hydrolysed due to large size of Te. _
63. (b) Hz-50 + pbQ 2 - PbS0 4 .J, + ½0 2 + H:z<) (Pb02 IS not peroxy compound)
4
OH
CNH .. )~o .. ~ 2NH! + so~
Electrolysis 2- _
At. anode : 2SOt _ _....:..-➔ S:Pa + 2e
Peroxo sulphate on hydrolysis, produces H;z0 2•
64. (a) ➔ Number of S-S bonds in H c: 0 are (n -1) '
. 2'-'n
6 l · fire works
➔ L1NO 3 produces crimson red while BaC12 produces green co our m
➔ Hydrides of Be and Mg are covalent and polymeric .
65. (d) Hypo form of '-ic' acid is derived from its pyro form, and HCl03 does not have Its pyro form therefore its
hypo form is not possible.
67. (d) PCl 3 (sp 3 ) , H 3P0 3 (sp3)
SF4 (sp3 d), H,J50 3(sp 3 )
BClisp2 ), H 3B0 3 (sp 2 )
XeF6(sp 3d 2 ), XeO 3(sp3)
68. (c) Acidic character: HOCI < HC10 < HC10 < HCI0
2 3 4
Oxidising power: HOCl > HCJ0 2 >HC10 3 > HCl0 4
Thermal stability: HOCJ < HCI0 2 < HCI0 3 < HCI0 4
'Cl-0' bond order: HOCI < HC10 2 < HCI0 3 < HCI0 4
+I +lll +V
69. Cc) ⇒ c10- c10 2 ao; Cl0 4
B.O.= l .O BO= 1 5 BO 167 B.O.a 1.75
H b of Cl · 3 . . . .. • .
Y · • sp Hyb. of Cl : ,p3 Hyb. of Cl : sp3 Hyb. of Cl : ,p3
+
70. (b)Clp6+HF-➔ [CIOz]F-+HC10 4
(P) (Q)
o-
e> 1
C:10 2: 0 6 0 Hyb. :sp2 ; Cl0 4: o.,::::::,wl~O Hyb. : sp 3
<120°
0 L0Cl0 = 109°28'
71. (c) 3Br2 +3Nai(:0 3 -➔ 5NaBr+NaBr0 3 +3C0 2 t
(impure) (Hot Aq. Sol.) l
t;. H2S04
3BrJ +Na,J50 4
(Pure)
o-
1
90. (b) ➔ 3
-o, I ,o-; Hybridization ofSi - sp , bond angle= 109"28'
.,..Si.._.
o-
LCl -N -Cl in NC13 is greater than LCl-P-Cl in PC1 3 because participation of s-orbital in
hybridization decreases from NC1 3 to PC13
(;) (;)
N p
Cl/ l>a'cl Cl/ Pii'-cl l09"ZS > a > 13
13
Cl Cl
LCl- P-Cl in PC1 3 > LH -Sb - H in_SbH 3 , as in SbH 3 , bond pairs are formed by overlapping of
almost pure p-orbitals. ·
LH _ Sb -H in SbH 3 < LH - Te - Hin H 2Te because two lone pairs are present on Te while at Sb
there is one lone pair.
91. (c) Correct order of Arrhenious acid character
HzS<HzSe < H 2Te . .
the value of Ka is maximum for H 2Te, due to least bond energy _a mong given hydrides.
0 0 oH,_,,,,,,oH
0
U
p p
U U
p O
,,,.,,e,0
92. {c) Ho/1'0/1'-0/1'-oH
I L,,,,,,oH
0 0 0 ,,,,,,e......._ /B'-OH
H H H HO 0
(I) (II)
{III)
95, (a,b)
(?\ _....-C-N
~s
I~ (SCNh molecule having non-polar as well as polar bonds but the
N-c,........s ·
..
µ~O
molecule as a whole is polar due to its open book like SttUcture like H.Pz-
Passage-1
1. (b) As HN0 3 can not form its pyro oxyacid hence its peroxy form having two central atoms is not possible.
H
Ho, 0
•• Nt_:1
..~
tto,N'-:I 11::)
Ho,~
2. ca) C11 ..... I ..,... I
N N::::::,..+ N,__
Q 'QH Q ~OH Q ~O
0 0 o- o- 0 O
II +V II +DI - I +IV 1. +IV II +V II
o--si-O-S1-0- o--s-s0 -s~o-
3. (c) o--s- S-0
II l I II 11
0 o- o- 0 O
PyrosU]phlce PyrosUicace Trithionace
Passage-3
1-3. (i) B:z0 3 + 3C + 3Cl 2 --+ 2BC13 + 3CO t
(P) (Q)
(ii) BC1 3 + 3H:zC) --+ H3B03 + 3HCI
(Q) (R)
(iii) BN + 3H:zC) --+ H 3B0 3 + 3HCI
passage-4
2Pb(N03)2 --4 2Pb0 + 4N02 t + 02 t
N02+ N O ~ N :z()3
(B) (H) temp. (Blue colour liquid)
Blackppt.
0
sp2
4. ~
O 134" O
Passage-6
Inert pair effect phenomenon is exclusively applicable to sixth period elements belonging to 13, 14 and
15th group elements. l+· 4+
t . ert pair effect Pb 1s more stable than Pb
0 ue o tn Pb2+ ---+ Pb4+ +2e-
[Xe]4J14sd106s2 [Xe]4/14scf1o
(More stable) (Less stable)
sn 2+ ---+ Sn 4+ +2e-
[Kr]4d10Ss2 [Kr]4d1o
(Less stable) (More stable)
Tl+ ---+ n3+ +2e-
[Xe]4/1◄sd106s2 [Xe]4/1'4Sd1o
(More stable) (Less stable)
Hence, Tl. does not act as reducing agent.
In• - - 4 ln 3 • +2e-
[Kr]4d106s2 [Kr)4sl0
(Less stable) (More stable)
Hence, ln + can act as stronger reducing agent than Tl+.
Passage-a
Hi$05 4 +'O'
©
1. (b)
0 0 0 0 0
II 11 11 II II
(b)F ⇒ S-0-0-S
H0.,..,.....11 11'--oH
(b)C ⇒ S-S
H0.,..,.....11 11 '--oH
(c) E ⇒
HO
_.., . . s,
II o-o-H
0 0 0 0 0
2. (c) In SO 3 (D), Sis sp 2-hybridised.
3. (a)
0 0 0 0 0 0
II II II II II II
(a)B ⇒ .,.S-0-S -.... (b) C ⇒ ..... S-S -.... (c) F ⇒ .,. S- 0-0-S -....
Ho,, II II ---oH ' Ho,, II II " OH Ho,, II II "OH
0 0 0 0 0 O
~-~ p\
:o:
II
rt
..
O=
R.p....._p/
II
:o:
0-P=O
... I ..
=o:
(Q)
6. {b, c)
SOC12 + H 20 - S02 + 2HC1
1 +PCls I ,.,
POC13 (B)
J •
0
p
II
Hybridization of •p• atom is sp3 , µ 0 0, has plane of.symmetry.
c1..,......1 'c1 o#
Cl
7. {b, c, d)
l
SNAE H20 .
0
.. ll+V,
p
3 HO/l'OH
OH
8. (a, b, c, d) .
2XeF2+2HP ~ 2Xe + 4HF+02
~ 4xe +2Xe0 3 + 24HF +3 02 t
6XeF4 +1 2Hp
XeF6 +3HP ~ Xe03 +6HF
4HF + Si02 ~ SiF4t +2HP
SUica p
. ~2NaF+SiF4t+3HP
6HF +Na;.S•0 3
sw•
INORGA.NIC CHEMISTRY I
10. (b, c, d)
Hr ......._B"__.Hb--•.B/ Hr
1;5' ····Hb( 'Hr
(2C - 2e- bond) (3C - 2e- bond)
(a) Maximum Cl-H -atom can lie in a plane.
(b) Maximum 6-atom can lie in a plane (H 1,H 1, B, H1, H1,B)
(c) Bond strength (B--- Hb ---B)>(B-H 1 )
(d)(H 1 -B-H 1 ) > (1;Ib· ;·_B·_- ·Hb) • , 1 ,.
12. (a, c, d)
~ COOH +
~ OH
B02 +2Hp
~Opically resolvable due to asymmetric structure
~Two six membered rings.
18. (a, c, d) • .
Phenomenon of inert effect increase~ downward.
19. (b, d)
44, (b, d)
White phosphorus dissolves in CS2 and also dissolves in alkali solution to form PH 3 and hypophoshite
salt, whereas red phosphorus is not soluble in cs2 and also it does not react with alkali solution.
45, (a, b)
220"C
2H3PO"' _ __. H.J>:z07 + H:P
0 0
I I
Ho-y-0-y-oH
OH OH
46. (a, b, d)
Only H~ acts as a reducing agent while HNO:z, H:P 2 and SO 2 act boh oxodising as well as reducing
agents.
58. (c, d)
/:,.
NH,.NO 3 ---► N:P + 2H:z0
ZnO + 2NaOH ---► Na:zZnO2 + H:zO
59. (a, b, d)
Fluorine is the most reactive among all halongens hence, called super halogen. Basic character
increases downward.
61. (b, d) h
Clo is powerful oxidising agent, also strong c lorinating agent. Its bleaching power is almost 30 times
stro~ger than c1 • IN alkaline solution undergoes disproportionation
2
2ClO + 2NaOH __. NaClO + NaC1O3 + H:P
2
94, (a, b, d)
0 0 0 0 0
II II II -[OJ
II
p-P
II
p p p
2Ho,,.....- ' oH
1 HO,,. . .- 1 ' o,,. . .- 1 ' oH HO/ I 1'0H
OH OH OH OH OH
Phosphoric acid Pyrophosphoric acid Hypophosphoric acid
(P) (Q) (R)
95. (a, c)
In gaseous or vapour phase PC1 5 exists as.discrete molecule.
Cl
....:J-7 ~1
Cl~_P"- :
j'-·-:-,,..cl
Cl
(In vapou,r, state)
~P-Cl) axial > ~P- Cl) equatorial
e>+IV
; S. . . _ + 2HF
0 I OH
OH
⇒ Complete hydrolysis
e> e> : Tautomeric change
s · ....- o;f~o
⇒ 0-?'1 '-oH
OH OH
(major) (very low)
⇒ Complete hydrolysis
⇒ HF reacts with glass
Si0 2 + 4HF__. SiF4 +2H,P
⇒ Hybridization of S-atom remains sp3
+VI H O +VI
(c) XeOF. ~ Xe0j2-2..-.+ Xe03 +2HF
-. - 2HF
T ➔ : Non-redox hydrolysis
6. (a) Disproportionation in alkaline medium/heating
Cl2 alkaline medium) 6 Cl + c1--
NO2 alkaline medium l NO2 + NO:i
/;.
NaH;>O 3 ~ Najl.PO 4 +PH 3
(b) Oxidizing agent: Cl 2, NO2,, XeF6
(c) Cl 2 +Hp ➔ HOC! +HCI
2NO 2 +H:P ➔ HNO 3 +HNO 2
7. A ➔ Q,B ➔ P,C ➔ S, D ➔ R
8. A ➔ S, B ➔ P, C ➔ Q, D ➔ R
Pbl4 is unstable compound Pb 4 + is highly oxidising and r is a reducing agent.
Chlorine bleaches by oxidation and SO 2 by reduction.
➔ No. of terminal oxygen atoms= 10
➔ Total no. of shared comers =3
➔ Silicon atom is present at the centre of geometry and oxygen atoms are present at comer of
tetrahedron.
➔ Non-planar
➔
Q:
A
No. of terminal oxygen atoms = 4
➔ Silicon atom is present at the centre of tetrahedron and oxygen atoms are present at the comer of
tetrahedron.
➔ Non-planar
···•·•··•·••·•·•··•·•··
R:
S:
12. A➔ S; B ➔ R; C ➔ Q; D ➔ P
13. A ➔ R, B ➔ P, C ➔ T,D ➔ Q
14. A ➔ P, B ➔ R, C ➔ P,D ➔ Q
Halogen being non-polar is nature does not dissolve readily in water (polar solvent)
Solubility decreases : F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > 12
F2 and Cl 2 are gases : Br2-corrosive liquid; 12-volatile solid
due to dense electronic arrangement two molecules arrange at maximum disstance in the case of fluorine.
Moreover, F2 has least and 12 has maximum van der Waals' force thats why F2 has maximum van der \'iaa!s'
radius. Bond dissociation energy for cl 2 is maximum and F2 has less because of interelectronic repulsion.
15. A ➔ S; B ➔ R; C ➔ P; D ➔ Q
16. A ➔ Q, T; B ➔ R; C ➔ S; D ➔ P
17. A ➔ P,Q, S; B ➔ P, Q, S;C ➔ Q,R;D ➔ Q,R,S
0 0
II II
(P) Ho- y-y- oH; Basicity=4
OH OH
sp3 sp3
(B) Pyrophosphoric acid (H 4P.P 5 ) 0 0
II
(Q) HO-P- O-P-OH· Basicity 2
II
I I '
H H
CR) H:i8O 3 + OH ~ [B{OH)_.I'
(L.B.) (L.B.) borate ion
(D) Hypophosphorus acid (H 3P02 ) 0
II
(S) HO- , - H; Basicity =1
H
sp3
18. A ➔ P, Q; B ➔ P, Q; C ➔ P, R, S; D ➔ Q
19. A ➔ P,S; B ➔ P;C ➔ Q,R, S;D ➔ Q,R
2~A ➔ ~~B ➔ ~~~C ➔ ~D ➔ S
21. A ➔ R,S; B ➔ P,S; C ➔ S; D ➔ Q,R,S
(A) Sheet silicate :
General formula == (Sip )2-
5
Non-planar
3-corner oxygen atoms are shared
(B) Pyroxenes :
General formula == (SiO 3 ) •
Non-planar "
(C) Pyrosilicate :
General formula == Sip;-
Non-planar
(D)Amphibole :
General formula = (Si4Q11 ) 6n"
Non-planar
-✓i~-✓i)-(1)-
""'-p/ ""'p p
15. As Al(OH)3 is amphoteric in nature hence, it can act as an antacid.
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ ~ Al 3 + + 3Hp
16. 3Cl 2 + 6NaOH ~ SNaCl + NaC10 3 + 3HJ)
(hot)
Cl 2 + 2NaOH ~ NaCl+ NaClO + Hp
(cold)
Q
27. P,
Ho/ \ ' OH (Tautomerism)
OH
(A) Less stable fonn (B) More stable fonn
In more stable structure (B) one H-atom is non-ionizable hence its basicity is 2.
Subjective Problems
:o:
II
t. 5.....--Pl'-6-H
H/ " ..
H
X =6
Y= 6
Z=l Yx Z - X = 6 xl-6 = 0
2.
0 0 0 o-
11 II o- II I
S P i o- P Mn
0-...,.,..11'0- 0-.. ,.,. 1 'P,.....,.. -o,.....,-1 'o- o~ II
o o- II o- o
'o
0
(R) (P) (R) (R)
0 0 0 0
11 II 0 II 11
Cr S 11 o- S S
-o...,.,..11 'o- -o,.....,..11's,.....,.. o-,.....,..11'o✓ 11'0-
o o G o o
(R) (P & Q) (P & Q)
P=3
Q=2
R=4
R+Q-P=4+2-3=3
S, HC10 2
x=y=z=2
x+y+z=6
4, For any oxyacid of sulphur number of H-atoms
H~Ps, Hpp6, Hpp7 ,Hpp 8 •
For HpP 4;" 2= 2; ⇒ Oxidation state of sulphur atom = +3
n1
?Si~2
cl,...... I '-c1 "
~ [c1-L,......c
OH2 1
I 'c1
l
Cl Cl
T.S.
Hybridization of Si : sp2d
H-.9·,,,,,.,g-H
,,,,.,a,:o:
:o:
6. .. , I
H-0-...
.. a,o·· ,,,,.,aI........
. . . 6-H
..
H-Q/ .. 'Q-H
'o,ly'J
B
lspl
OH
2
sp -hybridized Boron atoms only participate in p1t·p1t back bonding.
10. (ii) CuSO 4 +PH 3 ➔ Cu:J>2
(Black)
x.y 12 x 4
The value of - =- - =8
z 6
( O-c=o o
cf' c~c'---c/l,,
(iv) C1.P9
¾<LtJ!J o/~0
12 0
:(
2OF cool p/"' Completion of octet
dlmerizatlon
cool
c1,../Cl":.l••/Cl .
21Cl 3 dlmerlzotion
Cl/.l.~cl/.1.-......Cl Hypeivalent
2BeH 2
cool ► H- Be(:)se - H Hypovalent
dlmerizatlon
2NO 2
cool
dimerizotlon
Or:._ ~O
► ~N - N ":.lo Completion of octet value of Y: = 3;2 = 3
24. X =Total number of (2c -2e-) bond= 10
Y = Total number of (3c -2e- ) bond = 0
Z = Total number of (3c - 4e- ) bond = 2
H
H x I /0-H
-w,Al/Q'-jAl ..
H-Y,
µ/ ~ /
A 'o-H
..
(10+0)+2==5
:--
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
378
25.
x=1+1+1+1=4
y=1+1 = 2
!l=1+1+1 =3
x+ y + :; = 4+2 + 3 =9
26.
29.
J19_
p 6
p == 6, q == 6; -=-= 1
q 6
30.
F 0 F
0
I/ F I ~,,,,~F
II 1/ 0
(i) c s~
I F
(ii) F - l ~ F (iiii)
HO
/ P........._
I OH
(iv) CI "'--o-
F F H F
(P ) (Q) (P) (P)
F~0/ F
(v) p/ J~ F (vi) O
F~ I / F
.. I
F
l '\:2>
..
(vii) c1-
VD
1
~
F Cl Cl
F
(P) (Q) (Q)
:o o:
II II
35. 2H 3P0 4
Phosphoric acid
H4P:i<)7
Pyrophosphoric acid
~ Hq/ r-r . . .
:OH :OH
qH
Hypophosphoric acid
x== 12 ; y== 2
~ == 12 =6
y 2
36. X =6
== 12, y == 4, Z
XY
12 x 4
The value of - = - = 8
Z 6
Aj
[ d-BLOCK ELEMENliS
1. Cro~- (yellow) changes to Cr2o?- (orange) in pH= x and vice-versa in pH = y . Hence, x andy
are:
(a) 6, 8 (b) 6, 5 (c) 8, 6 (d) 7, 7
2. Manganese ions (Mn 2+) can be oxidised by Persulphate ions S 20 ~- according to the following
half-equations,
s 2 0 ~- + 2e- ~ 2s0 ~-
Mn2+ + 4H 20 ~ Mn0 4 + SH+ + Se-
How many moles of S 20 ~- are required to oxidise 1 mole of Mn 2+?
(a) 2.5 (b) 2.0 (c) 11.0 (d) 0.4
3 . AgCl on fusion with Na 2CO 3 forms :
(a) Ag 2CO 3 (b) Ag 20 (c) Ag
4 . Formula of Rust is :
(a) Fe 20 3 (b) FeO -xH20 (c) Fe 20 3 -xH 20
5. Cr0 3 dissolves in aqueous NaOH to give :
(a) Cr2o?- (b) Cro~- (c) Cr(OH) 3 (d) Cr(OH) 2
6. Chemically philosopher of wool is :
(a) ZnO (b) BaO (c) HgCl
7. Boiling CuCI 2 with Cu in cone. HCl gives :
(a) CuCl (b) CuCl 2
8. Thermal decomposition of zinc nitrate give :
(a) Zn (b) ZnO (c) Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (d) NO
9. Malachite and azurite are used respectively are :
(a) Blue and green pigment (b) Red and green pigment
(c) Green and blue pigment (d) Green and red pigment
-----=======:::;;;;;;;:;;::::;:::=~;;;=;
10. Mercury
A is transported in the contamers . mad e of :
(a) ~ (b) Pb (c) AI (d) Fe
11. Thde Bhigheh~ oxidation states of transition elements are found to be in the combination with A
an , w 1ch are :
(a) F, 0 (b) 0, N (c) 0, S (d) F, Cl
12. White vitriol is :
(a) ZnS (b) ZnS0 4 (c) ZnS0 -7H 20 (d) ZnC0 3
4
13, th
Among e following metals, the most dense is :
(a) osmium (b) chromium (c) platinum (d) gold
14, Silver nitrate is usually kept in coloured bottles because it is :
(a) oxidised in air (b) decomposes in sunlight
(c) explodes in sunlight (d) reacts with air in sunlight
15, Which of the following is arranged in order of increasing melting point?
(a) Zn < Cu < Ni < Fe (b) Fe < Ni < Cu < Zn
(c) Ni < Fe < Zn < Cu (d) Cu < Zn < Fe < Ni
16. Calomel is the name of :
(a) HgC1 2 (b) Hg 2Cl 2 (c) HgCl 2 + Hg (d) Hg 2Cl 2 + Hg
17. The iron salt used in blue prints is :
(a) FeC 2 0 4 (b) Fei{C 2 0 4 h (c) K4 Fe(CN) 6 (d) FeS0 4
18. Percentage of gold in 14 carat gold is :
(a) 58 (b) 80 (c) 40 Cd) 14
19. The maximum and minimum melting point of first and second transition series elements
respectively are obtained with :
(a) Cr and Zn (b) Cr and Hg (c) Cr and Cd (d) Mo and Cd
20. Zn0 shows yellow colour on Heating due to :
(a) d-d transition Cb) C-T spectra
2
(c) Higher polarisation caused by Zn + ion (d) F-centres
21. When steam is passed over red hot iron, the substances formed are :
(a)Fe 2o 3 +H 2 (b)Fe 3 0 4 +H2 (c)Fe0+H 2 (d)Fe0+H 2 +0 2
22. Verdigris is :
(a) Basic copper acetate (b) Basic lead acetate
(c) Basic lead (d) None
23. Corrosive sublimate is :
(a) HgC1 2 (b) Hg 2Cl2 . ~c) ~g 2Cl
24. The product of r with Mn0 4 in alkaline medium 1s :
(a) 1 (b) 10 3 (c) 10- (d) l0 4
2
25. Which of the following is the correct formula for a compound of scandium and oxygen?
(a) Sc 20 (b) Sc0 . . (c) Sc 3 0 2 (d) Sc 2 0 3
26. Mercury on heating with aqua-reg1a gives :
(a) Hg(N0 3 )i (b) HgC1 2 (c) Hg(N0 2 )i
27. Chloroplatinic acid is :
(a) monobasic (b) dibasic (c) tribasic (d) tetrabasic
382 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Level 2
1. Which of the following is called Wilkinson's catalyst ?
(a) [Ph 3PhRhCI] (b) TiC1 4 + (CzHshAl
(c) (C 2H 5 ) 4 Pb (d) [PtC1 2(NH3)z]
2. Which of the following is not a consequence of the Lanthanoid contraction?
(a) Sd series elements have a higher IE 1 than 3d or 4d series
(b) Zr and Hf have a comparable size
(c) Zr and Hf occurs together in the earth crust in their minerals
(d) High density of the sixth period elements
3. A metal M and its compound can give the following observable changes in a consequence of
reactions
dilute
M
HN0 3
PASSAGE
In salts of polyatomic anion, as polarising power of cation increases, thermal stability of the
salt decreases and decomposed species may furth.e r undergo redox reaction.
1. Which of the following species undergoes non-redox thermal decomposition reaction on
heating?
(a) FeSO 4 (b) SnSO 4
(c) H2C 2O 4 (d) Na 2HPO 4
2. Water soluble salt (x) was heated into three products A,B and C and Band Care two different
paramagnetic gases. A is red in hot condition, then salt (x) is :
(a) Hg(NO 3 )i (b) FeC 2O 4
(c) ZnSO 4 (d) Pb(NO 3 ) 2
. 6 . . High
Light green (Compound 'N.) ~ White Residue (B) -=----+T C + D + E
, . emp.
(i) 'D' and 'E' are two acidic gas.
(ii) 'D' is passed through HgC1 2 solution to give yellow ppt.
(iii) 'E' is passed through water first and then H 2S is passed, white turbidity is obtained.
(iv) A is water soiuble and addition ofHgC1 2 in it, yellow ppt is obtained but white ppt does
not tum into grey _o n addition of excess solution of 'N..
1. 'D' and 'E' are respectively.
(a) SO 2 and SO 3 (b) SO 3 and SO 2
(c) SO 2 and CO 2 (d) CO 2 and CO
2. Yellow ppt in the above observation is :
(a) Mercuric oxide (b) Basic mercury (II) sulphite
(c) Basic mercury (II) sulphate (d) Mercuric iodide
3. 'C' is soluble in :
(a) dil. HCl (b) dil. H 2 SO 4
(c) cone. CH 3 COOH (d) Boiled cone. HCl
4. The no. of water of crystallisation in 'N. is :
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 7 (d) 5
394 IIIORGAIIIC CHEMISTRY
PASSAGE 3
Transition metal and their compounds are used as catalysts in industry and in biological
system. For example, in the Contact Process, vanadium compounds in the +S state {V20 5 or
VO 3) are used to oxidise SO 2 to SO 3 :
1 VfJs
S0 2 +-0 2 --► S0 3
2
It is thought that the actual oxidation process takes place in two stages. In the first step, vs.
in the presence of oxide ions converts SO 2 to SO 3 • At the same time, V 5+ is reduced to V.;... .
2v s+ + 0 2- + so 2 ---+ 2v 4 + + S03
In the second step, Vs+ is regenerated from V 4+ by oxygen :
' 2V 4 +. + _! 0 2 ---+ 2V s+ + 0 2-
2
The overall process is, of course, the sum or' these two steps :
. ' 1
so 2 + - 0 2 ---+ so 3
2
PASSAGE
Mn0 2 is the most important oxide of manganese. MnO~ occurs naturally as the black
coloured mineral pyrolusite. It is an oxidising agent, and decomposes to Mn 30 4 on heating to
530°C. It is used in the preparation of potassium permanaganate and in the production of ct 2
gas. Over half a million tonnes per year of MnO 2 is used in dry batteries.
1, In the la?oratory, MnO 2 is made by :
(a) heatmg Mn in O 2
(b) oxidising Mn 2+ in air
(c) electrolytic oxidation of MnSO
Cd) prec(pitating MnO 2 from solu~fon when performing titration of KMnO 4 in alkaline
medium
2, When MnO 2 is fused with KOH in the presence of air, the product formed is : ·
(a) purple colour KMnO 4 (b) green colour K 2Mn0 4
(c) colourless Mn0 4 · (d) purple colour K2 Mn0 4
3. MnO 2 dissolves in concentrated HCl to form :
(a) Mn 4 + ion and Cl 2 . , • (b) Mn 2-I: ion and Cl 2
(c) [MnC1 4 ] 2- and Cl 2 . (d) only [MnCl 4 ] 2-
4. In which of the following 'species, th; ·colour is due to charge transfer?
[Mn(OH) 4 ] 2-
(I) _ (II) Mnoi- ·), (III) Mn0 2 · ' , (IV) KMn0 4
• )11 1 J'
(a) I, II, III correct · (b)' II, IV correct
(c) I, III correct (d) only IV correct
Iron (+II) is one of the most important oxidation states, and salts are called ferrous salts.
2
Most of the Fe (+II) salts are pale green and S9.~~ain [Fe(H 29,) 6 ] + ion. Fe(+ II) compounds
2
are easily oxidised by air and so are difficult ·to 6btain pure.Fe + form many complexe~ like
K 4 [Fe(C~ 6 ] . -., ,: . :: ·: ,,;i ,, . . , ~-,, w. ,. ·. · ),J
••. I
1 1 1
1. Anhydrous FeC1 2 is made by: -• •' • , •
(a) heating Fe with dilute HCl Cb) heating Fe with gaseous HCl
(c) reacting Fe with cone. HCl r .(d) heating Fe with Cl 2 gas
2
2. K [Fe(CN) ] is used in the detection ofFe + ·ion·with' which it gives a deep blue colour. This
3 6
colour is due to the formation of : · ·
(a) K Fe[Fe(CN) 6] (b) Fe4[Fe(CN)6h
2
(c) Fe[Fe(CN)6] .' (d) Fe3(Fe(CN)6h . '
, FeSO is used in brown ring test for nitrates and nitrites. In this test, a freshly prepared FeSO 4
3 4
solution is mixed with solution containing NO 2 or NO 3 and the cone. H 2 SO 4 is run down the
side of the test tube. If the mixture gets hot. or is shaken, ,'
(I) the brown colour disappear .1 (II) NO is evolved
(III) a yellow solution of Fe 2 (SO 4 h 1s formed
(a) I, II, III correct ' (b) I, III correct ·
(c) II, III correct (d) only !•correct
Iron forms iron halide salts by reacting the metal directly with ~aloge~. Fel3 d~s not exist.
5
FeF3 .is white solid inspite of five unpaired electrOI1$ with d conf1gurat1on. FeCl3 1s soluble in
water .and is used as a mordant in dyeing industry.
1. Fel 3 does not exist because :
(a) of large size
(b) Fe 3+ oxidises 1- to 12
(c) of low lattice energy
3
(d) iodine is not highly electronegative enough to oxidise Fe to Fe +
2. Anhydrous FeC1 3 can be prepared by reaction of :
(a) Fe with dry chlorine (b) Fe with dil. HCl in the presence of O2
(c) Fe(OH) 3 with cone. HCl (d) Fe 20 3 with cone. HCl .
3. FeC1 3 solution added to K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] gives A while with KSCN gives B. A and B respectively
are: ·
(a) Fe 3 [Fe(CN) 6 )i,Fe(CNS) 3 (b) Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 1J,KFe(CNS) 3
(c) Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 1J,K 3 [Fe(CNS) 6 ] (d) Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 1J,K 3[Fe(SCN) 6 ]
1. What changes occur when acidified CrO ~- ion reacts with H 20 2 solution in presence of ether
solvent ?
(a) Orange colour of solution turns blue
(b) Oxidation state of Cr-atom decreases
(c) Oxidation state of Cr-atom remains constant
(d) Orange colour of solution turns green
2. Mercury is a liquid at 0°C because of :
(a) very high ionisation energy (b) weak metallic bonds
(c) high heat of hydration (d) high heat of sublimation
3. An element of 3d-transition series shows two oxidation states x andy, differ by two units then :
(a) compounds in oxidation state x are ionic if x > y
(b) compounds in oxidation state x are ionic if x < y
(c) compounds in oxidation state y are covalent if x < y
(d) compounds in oxidation state y are covalent if y < x
4, The metal oxide which decomposes on heating is/ are :
(a) ZnO (b) Al 20 3
(c) Ag 20 (d) HgO
5, Which of the following acids attack(s) on copper and silver?
(a) dilute HN0 3 (b) dilute HCl
(c) cone. H 2SO 4 (d) aqua regia
6, Which of the following statements are true for Mohr's salt?
(a) it decolourizes KMnO 4 solution (b) it is a double salt
(c) it is colourless salt (d) it is a primary standard substance
7. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) The chief ore of zinc is cinnabar
(b) Mac-Arther's process is used to extract silver
(c) Na2S203 is used to remove the unexposed AgBr from the photographic films
(d) Nessler's reagent is a complex of zinc in +2 oxidation state
8. Roasting of copper pyrites is done :
(a) to remove moisture and volatile impurities
(b) to oxidise free sulphur
(c) to decompose pyrites into Cu 2S and FeS
(d) to decompose Cu 2S into blister copper
9. Identify the correct statements :
(a) Iron belongs to first transition series of the periodic table
(b) The purest form of commercial iron is wrought iron
(c) Anhydrous ferrous sulphate is called as yellow vitriol
(d) Iron is the most abundant transition metal
10. Which statements about mercury are correct?
(a) Hg is a liquid metal
(b) Hg forms two series of salts
(c) Hg forms no amalgam with iron and platinum
(d) Hg does not show variable valency
11. Which statements about corrosive sublimate (HgC1 2) are correct?
(a) It sublimes on heating
(b) It oxidises stannous chloride
(c) It is highly poisonous
(d) It is prepared by heating mercury in chlorine
12. Which statements are correct regarding copper sulphate?
(a) It reacts with NaOH and glucose to give Cu 20
(b) It reacts with KCl to give Cu 20
(c) It gives CuO on heating in air
(d) It reacts with KI to give brown colouration
13. To an acidified dichromate solution, a pinch of Na 20 2 is added and shaken. What is observed ?
(a) Blue colour (b) Orange colour changing to green
(c) Copious evolution of oxygen (d) Bluish-green precipitate
14. Pick out the correct statement(s) :
(a) MnO 2 dissolves in cone. HCl, but does not form Mn 4 + ions
(b) Decomposition of acidic KMn0 4 is not catalysed by sunlight
' INORGANIC CHE',IISi,~y ...._
(c) MnO ~- is strongly oxidising and stable only in very strong alkali. In dilute alkali, water or
acidic solutions it disproportionates
(d) KMnO 4 does not act as oxidising agent in alkaline medium
15. The species that undergoes disproportionation in an alkaline medium are :
(a) Cl 2 (b) Mno~- (c) N0 2 (d) ClO:i
16. Which of the following statements regarding d-block elements are true?
(a) the colour of anhydrous CuSO 4 is blue
Cb) "splitting of silver" can be prevented by covering the surface of molten silver with charcoal
(c) Iodine liberated in a reaction can be estimated by titration against a standard thiosulphate
solution
(d) Lanthanum is first element of third transition series
17. Which is/ are insoluble in NH 3 solution?
(a) AgCl (b) AgBr (c) Agl (d) Ag 2S
18. Order of paramagnetic character among following elements is/ are:
(a) Mn> Fe>Cr (b) Fe>Zn>Cr (c) Cr>Fe>Zn (d) Cr>Mn>Fe
19. Choose correct statement(s) regarding the following reaction.
Cr 20 7 2- ( aq) + 3SO ~- ( aq) + 8H + ----+ 2Cr 3+ ( aq) + 3S0 ~- ( aq) + 4H 20
(a) Cr 2o?- is oxidising agent
(b) so~- is reducing agent
(c) The oxidation number of per 'S' atom in 3SO~- is increase by two
(d) The oxidation number of per 'Cr' atom in Cr 20?- is decreased by three
20. Mercuric chloride is converted into mercury by :
(a) placing copper metal in aqueous solution of HgC1 2
(b) treating aqueous solution of HgCl 2 with excess of stannous chloride
(c) treating aqueous solution of HgCl 2 with PbC1 4 solution
(d) none of these
21. What changes occur when acidified CrO ~- ion reacts with H 20 2 solution in presence of ether
solvent?
(a) Orange colour of solution turns blue
(b) Oxidation state of Cr-atom decreases
(c) Oxidation state of Cr-atom remains constant
(d) Orange colour of solution turns green
22. Choose correct stntement(s) regarding the following reaction :
Cr20fcaq.l + 3SO;~q.l + SH + -+ 2Crc!~.> + 3SO~caq.l + 4H 20
(a) Cr20 t is oxidising agent
(b) so~- is reducing agent
(c) The oxidation number of per S-atom in 3S0~- is increased by two
(d) The oxidation number of per Cr-atom in Cr 20~caq.) is decreased by three
-
Entries of Column-I are to be matched with entries of Column-II. Each enny of Column-I may
have the matching with one or more than one entries of Column-II.
1. Column-I contains four statements following reason and Column-ll consists of four options
P, Q, R, S
Answer the following :
P ➔ If both statement and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of statement.
Q ➔ If both statement and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of statement.
R ➔ If statement is correct and reason is incorrect.
S ➔ If both statement and reason are incorrect.
. .. '~ - .
2. . .-.AU..,..~~:.· . . . ,. •·••:,, , . ~ . ·. ,;J .
(A) . Kipp's apparatus waste (P) (NH 4 )iS0 4 ·FeS0 4 ·6H 20
CT) 2, 1, 1, 3
,....
4. Column-I Column-II
(A) Co 2+ (aq) (P) Pink/ light pink
Le.vel 2
1. (a) 2. (d) 3J (c) r 4~!(b) f.,;,;s°1 (c) j,: 6J (a) '. 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b,d) 10. (c)
t1°6.
1
1 1
11. (c) 12. (b) · . 13. (b) · :14.J (c) (./15~ (b) (d) 17.· (b} 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (a)
31. (a)
22. (b) ; 23.' (a) ~: ,24.~ (c)
32. (a} . 33.: (b)
(a) k?~'.l f]s~;
(c) !. _21._ (b) 28. (c)
34;· (d) ~-: 35:; (c) ''36.'_ (a) , 37.. (a,d) 38. (c)
29. (a) 30. (a)
39. (d)
41 . (b)
51. (c)
42. (c) 43. (b)
52. (c) • · 53; (d) : .
-~-.r '
~~ (d) ~.::~~~
i,
1
56; (b) ; 57. ' (d)
.
(b} ~. 47.
1
(c) . 48. (c)
58. (d)
49. (a)
59. (a)
40. (b)
50. (b)
60. (b)
61. (a) · 62. (b) '. 63..l (d) r;, ~1, (b) ~t"~~~ (c,d} f 66.: (c) ;_.61:· (b) 68. (a) 69. (a) 70. (c)
73.i (d) ~. !4J (a)
1
71. (c) , ·72. (b) _·;·7s.j (c) ; 76.l (b,d) '. 77.' (b)
Level 3
~
(d)
, ,.
·2., (b) 3~ (b) ' . 4.
. (d)
1
Passage,..5 1.1 (b) (d) (a)
10. (C) 11 . (D) 12. (C) 13. · (D) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (A)
Subjective Problems
1. 4.9 "' 5.
2. 6
3. 3
Hints and Solutions
L,ft1
1. (a) 2erot + 2W - Crpf- + Hp
Crp;- + 20W - 2cr0t + Hp
16. (b) Zn(OH)i + 20W - Zno 2- +2H:z()
Acid Base sa1? Water
Level 2
1. (a) Wilkinson's catalyst is [RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 ), Red-violet in colour and has square planar structure. It is used for
selective hydrogenation of organic molecules at room temperarure and pressure.
TiC14 + (Cjl 5 ) 3 Al is Zeigler Natta catalyst.
(Cjl 5 ) 4 Pb is an anti-knocking agent.
cis-platin is used as an anti-cancer agent]
3. (c) Zn
(M)
dil.HNC?J ► Zn(Z0 3 h ~ o Zn(OH)2
ColourlesJ Na H Whit ppt.
!': ,Na (Zn(OH)
1
2
Soluble
4] ~ ZnS
Whiteppt.
Solution
II II
SO. (b)Naz[Fe(NO)(CN)sl + NaiS ---+ Na 4 [Fe(CN)5(NOS)]
51. (c) 2Mn0 2 + 2K:zC:0 3 + 0 2 ~ 2Kpfn0 4 + 2C0 2 t
(XJ (air) green
(Y)
75. (c) Cu(CN)2 and Cul2 being unstable spontaneously decomposes into CuCN J, and Cul J, respectively at
room temperature.
76. (d) Practically p- ion being very weak R.A. has no reducing property.
77. (b) NaCl(,)+ K:zC:rP7 c,) + Hi,50 4 (few drops) Non -redox CrO:zC:12 t + HO
reaction (orange red vapours)
Levell
Passage-1
1. (d) 2FeS0 4 ~ Fep 3 +S0 2 t +S0 3 t
SnS04 ~ Sn0 2 +S0 2t
H:zC:p4 ~ CO t + CO 2t + Hp
2Na2'"!P04 ~ Na 4PP7 +Hp
1
2. (d)Pb(N0 3 ) 2 ~ PbO +2N0 2 t +- 0 3
Red in hot 2
(Lltharge)
Two different
Paramagnetic gases
⇒ Hg(N0 3 ) 2 ~ Hg +2N02 t + 02 t
⇒ FeC:!)4 ~ FeO+cot + CO2 t
⇒
>800"C
ZnS04 ---ZnO +S0 2t +-1 0 2t
2
(blue colour)
In the absence of ether or amyl alcohol, CrO 5 in acidic medium decomposes to er 3• with evolution of
oxygen.
0
0,11 /0
4 I/ Cr I+ 12W---+ <4Cr
"- 0 sn•n>
3
+70 +6H~ • 3
0
(blue colour)
'487
14, (a, c)
(a) Mn02 + 4HCl --+ MnCl2 + Cl 2 + 2H:z0
(b) Decomposition of acidic I<MnO 4 is catalysed by sunlight
4Mn04 + 4W --+ 4Mn0 2 +2H:P +30 2
(c) 3K;zt.1n0 4 + 2Hp --+ 2I<Mn04 + MnQ .j, + 4KOH
2
green purple dark brown
Subjective Problems
3. µelf =3.87 B. M. =.Jn(n + 2)
Hence value of n i. e., no. of unpaired electrons = 3
1
I
Assign A, B, C, D from given type of reactions.
Afor precipita.teformation reaction.·
B for precipitate dissolution reaction.
C for precipitate exchange reaction.
D for no reaction.
In die following nactiom aafan for underUnecl atom /or pr'Oduct of compltte
fl;,drolysu at IL T. .
A. If product is oxy acid with -ic suffix.
B. If product is oxy acid with -ous suffix.
C. If product are two oxy acids one with -ic suffix and otherone with -ous suffix.
D. If product is not oxy acid, neither with -ic suffix nor with -ous suffix.
R._T·-ca(OH)i + H 2 t
147. Ca(s) + H 20(0 __
179. K 2Cr20 7
~K2Cr04 +Cr203 +02 t
-ll"C N 0
187. NO+N0 2 - - - - ~ 2 3
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY ·
6
188. Pb(NO 3) 2 --► PbO + NO 2 + 0 2
6
189. P4 +6Cl 2 --► PCl 3
6
190. P4 + 10Cl 2 --► PCl 5
6
191. Ag + PCl 5 ~ AgCl + Pel 3
6
192. Sn+ PCl 5 --► SnCl 4 + PCl 3
6
193. PCl 5 --► PCl 3 + Cl 2
194, Red P + Alkali--+ Na 4 P2O 6 + P2H 4
195. H3PO3 ~ H 3 PO 4 + PH 3 t
6
196. Se 2 Cl 2 -----+ SeCl 4 + Se
197. Na 2 s + H 2 SO 4 (Conc.)--+ s.J,+so 2 +Na 2 SO 4
198. MnO 2 + NaCl+ H 2 SO 4 (Conc.)--+ MnSO 4 +Cl 2 t
199. NaBr+MnO 2 +H 2 SO 4 (Conc.)--+MnSO 4 +Br2 t
200. Nal+H 2 SO 4 (Conc.) --+ Na 2 SO 4 + 12 t + SO 2
201. Nal+MnO 2 +H 2 SO 4 (Conc.) --.+ MnSO 4 + 12 t
202. NaNO 3 +H 2 SO 4 (Conc.) ~ Na 2 SO 4 +NO 2 t + 0 2
t
203. Na 2 C 2 O 4 + H 2 SO 4 (Conc.)--+ Na 2 SO 4 + CO+CO 2
204. 3PbS+8HNO 3 (Dil.)--+ 3Pb(NO 3 ) 2 +3S .J,+ 2NO + 4H 2 O
205. S+HNO 3 (Dil.) --+H 2 SO 4 + No t .
206. CuSO 4 + Zn(s) --+ ZnSO 4 + Cu
·Which of the following cation can form ppt. Q but does not form ppt. 'R' ?
(a) Mg 2+(aq.) · (b) Ca2+(aq.) (c) Sr2+(aq.) (d) Ba 2+(aq.)
16, Which of the following compound d~es not liberate oxygen gas on warming with cone.
H 2S0 4 ? .
(a) SO 3 (b) PbO 2 (c) MnO 2 (d)° CrO s
17. One of the hydrolysed product of the follo~ng compound does not react with silica of glass
vessel : ·
(a) BF3 (b) ClF5 . (c) XeF 2 (d) SF4
18. M(Salt) + Dil. HCl warm N t + p .J,
gas 'N changes colour ofFeSO 4 solution into yellow solution then salt Min above reaction is :
1
(a) BaS 20 3 (b) Ag 2S0 3 ·. . (c) AgN0 2 (d) Pb(N0 3 )i
Mn0 4(aq.) + Mn
2+(
aq.
) ZnS04 ► z + 4H+
(c) PbS+0 2 ~
(d) FeS 2 +0 2 ~
33. Which metal gives NH 4N0 3, when react with dilute HN0 3 acid?
(a) Zn (b) Pb (c) Cu (d) Au
34. Select the salt whose aqueous solution is not green :
(a) Fe SO 4 (b) CrCl 3 · (c) NiCl 2 (d) MnCl 2
35. Select the ion exchange reaction, which proceeds to forward direction in aqueous medium :
(a) 2AgCl + CaF2 Aqueous 2AgF + CaCl
2
Aqueous
(b) BaSO 4 + 2NaOH
Cli(g)+H 20 ~ P +Q
If molecular weight of P is less than Q then incorrect statement is :
(a) On warming 'P' can form deep red coloured vapours with CrO 3
(b) 'Q' exhibits bleaching property
(c) MnO2 can change 'P' into Cl 2 gas. on warming
(d) 'P' reacts with H 2S gas while 'Q' does not .
55, Which of the following reagent can dissolves precipitate of Hgs.J, ?
(a) NH 3 solution (b) cone. HCl
(c) cone. HNO 3 (d) Na 2S solution
56, Which of the following reaction is incorrect 7
(a) PCl3 + 3H 2O ~ H 3PO 3 + 3HC1
(b) NCl3 +3H 2O ~ NH 3 +3HOC1 ,
(c) SbC1 3 +3H 2O ~ H 2SbO 3 +3HC1
(d) BiC1 3 + H 2O ~ BiOCl + 2HC1
57. Concentrated sodium hydroxide can seperate a mixture of:
(a) A13+ and Cr 3+ · (b) Cr3+ and Fe3+
(c) Al3+ and zn2+ (d) Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ .
58. Select correct set of species which can't react with water but react with NaOH :
(i) NO 2 (ii) P4 (iii) Al . (iv) 12
(a) Only (iv) (b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) All (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
59. Fe(Finely powdered) + HCl(dil.) ~ P + Qt
compound 'P' does not precipitate with :
(a) AgNO 3 (b) K3 [Fe(CN)6] (c) (NH 4)iS (d) NH 4Cl+ NH 4OH
60. Which combination gives maximum number of products 7
(a) P4 + SOC1 2 (b) P4 + SO 2Cl 2
(c) XeF4 +H 2O (d) NH4NO3 + Zn+ExcessNaOH
61. cu 2+ (aq.) does not undergo redox reaction with solution of : .
(a) (NH 4)iS (b) Na2S2O3 (c) KI (d) NH 4SCN
62. Hydrolysis of which of the following compound liberates acidic gas ?
(a) Li 2NH (b) Al2S3 (c) CaC2 (d) CaNCN
63. The non-metal which does not react with water but reacts with alkali ?
(a) Boron (b) Bromine (c) P4 (d) Fluorine
2
64. A very dilute acidic solution of Cd 2+ & Ni + gives only yellow ppt. of CdS on passing H 2s, this
is due to :
(a) Solubility product (K5p) of CdS is more than that of NiS.
(b) Solubility product (K5P) of CdS is less than that of NiS.
(c) Cd 2+ belong to II B group while Ni 2+ belongs to IVth group.
(d) CdS is insoluble in yellow ammonium sulphide (YAS).
422
nd
65. Thermal decomposition of which of the salt listed below yield a basic a acidic Olcides
simultaneouly?
(a) NH 4 Cl0 4 (b) CaC0 3
(c) NaN0 3 (d) NH 4 N02 .
66. What are formed products, when aqueous solution of CuCl2 and (NH4}iS are nuxed?
(a) CuS(aq.) and NH 4 Cl(s) (b) CuS(s) and NH4Cl(aq.)
(c) CuS(aq.) and NH 4 Cl(g) (d) CuS(s) and NH4Cl(s)
67. Which of the following compound does not react with cold and dil. HN03?
(a) PbO (b) Pb0 2 (c) FeS0 4 (d) PbCl2
68. The incorrect order of solubility in water is :
(a) Ca(OH) 2 < Sr(OH)i < Ba(OH)i (b) Li 2C0 3 < Na2C03 < K2C03
(c) CsN0 3 < RbN0 3 < KN0 3 (d) BeS 20 3 < MgS203 < CaS203
69. The correct order of increasing solubility in water is :
(a) KF < NaF < LiF (b) NaHC0 3 < KHC0 3 < RbHC03
(c) K 2C0 3 < Na 2C0 3 < Li 2C0 3 (d) LiN0 3 < NaN0 3 < KN03
70. Bromine is commercially prepared from sea water by displacement reaction
Cl 2 + 2Br'-(aq.) ~ 2Cl-(aq.) + Br2
Br 2 gas thus formed is dissolved into solution of Na 2C0 3 and then pure Br 2 is obtained by
treatment of the solution with :
(a) Ca(OH) 2 (b) NaOH (c) H 2S0 4 (d) ID
71. Which of the following metal on burning in moist air does not give smell of ammonia?
(a) Mg (b) Ca (c) K (d) Ll
72. Gas that cannot be collected over water is :
(a) N 2 Cb) 0 2 (c) S0 2 (d) PH 3
73. Compound having lowest thermal stability is :
(a) NaHC0 3 (b) KHC0 3 . (c) RbHC0 3 (d) CsHC0
3
74. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations?
(a) Fe 3+ gives brown colour solution with potassium ferricyanide
(b) Fe 2+ gives blue precipitate with potassium ferricyanide
(c) Fe 3+ gives red colour solution with potassium thiocyanate
(d) Fe 2+ gives brown colour with ammonium thiocyanate
75. (NH 4 )iCr20 7 on heating liberates a gas. The same gas will be obtained by :
(a) Heating NH 4N0 2 (b) Heating NH 4 N0
3
(c) Heating (NH 4 ) 2SO 4 (d) Treating Mg 3N 2 with H o
2
76. Which of the following compound liberates acidic gas during its hydrolysis?
(a) Ca 3P2 (b) AlN (c) Al 2 S 3 (d) CaH
2
77. Which of the following combination does not evolve Cl 2 gas?
(a) HCl(aq.) +KMn0 4 (b) HCl+Mn0 2
(c)HCl+Br2 (d)HCl+F2
78. NH 3 gas does not liberate by which of the following combination?
(a) Heating ofNH 4Cl0 4 Cb) Heating of NH 4 Cl
(c) (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 + NaOH (d) Li 3 N + H 20
423
79. If sa~t Q undergoes redox reaction with H 2S in acidic medium then which of the following
species can
2
not be possible product?•
(a) Mn04-(aq.) (b) S . (c) Mn0 2 (d) Both (a) and (c)
H Crz)t/H+
80. Metal sulphate ( A ) ~ Oxide (B) + Gas (C) + Gas (D) - - - --4 Green solution
E
Excess Yellow
solution
z,L.
(Black ppt.)
Then (X) cation can not be :
(a) Felt (b) All+- (c) Crlt (d) Mg 2+
95. X(salt) + AgN0 3(aq.) ~ Y ,1. (soluble in excess of NH 3 solution)
(Yellow ppt.)
3
PISSllt ·- 1
P(aq.) _Z.;.:_n:_+:.....::.:
di::..l..:.:H.::::Cl:._.
(Coloured ion)
~1R lMn04/ H+
s R-1- + Mn2 +(aq.)
, .• (White)
• . (turbidity) ,
Ll~C.•
1. Species P and S are respectively
(a) sorcaq.), s (b) sor(aq.), S20t(aq.)
(c) s 20~-(aq.), so ~-(aq.) (d) None of these
2. 'T' cannot be identified by :
(a) NH 3 solution (b) NH 4SCN
(c) (NH 4 )zS (d) Excess KCN
't
·, a·ssa·aE
Consider three P, Q, R salts among them P and Q salts have different cations and also have
different coloured polyatomic anion due to charge transfer phenomenon while p and R salts
have same cation but have different anions. Salt R decomposes into an acidic gas and a basic
gas.
PIIIIIE 3
Three compounds X, Y and z were taken into three different laboratory vessels and they were
carried out by a chemist in his car. The car caught fire due to short circuit and the chemist
came out of the car and noticed following observations :
1. Compound X changed into white substance along with liberation of neutral oxide and then
white substance decomposed into •.!iree products among which two are acidic oxides. Among
these oxides non-polar oxide can undergo polar cyclic polymer on cooling. The compound X
will be :
(a) MgS0 4 ·7H 20 (b) ZnS0 4 -7H 20 (c) CaS0 4 -2H 2 0 (d) FeS04 ·7H 2 0
2. Compound Y produced two oxides, among these one oxide turns anhydrous CuS04 into blue
and other gas slows down fire in the car, then Y is :
(a) NH 4N0 2 (b) NaHC0 3 (c) MgC 20 4 (d) NH 4N03
3. Which of the following compound does not react with cold and dil. HNO 3 ?
fa) PbO (b) Pb0 2 (c) FeS0 4 (d) PbC1 2
In salts of polyatomic anion, as polarising power of cation increases, thermal stability of the
salt _d ecreases, and decomposed species may further undergo redox reaction.
PIIIIII 5
Dioxygen directly reactS with nearly all metals and non-metals except some metals (e.g., Au,
Pt) and some noble gases and form oxide(s). Oxides can be simple (e.g., MgO, AI 2Q 3 ) or
mixed (Pb 30 4 , Fe 30 4 ). Simple oxides can be classified on the basis of their acidic, basic or
amphoteric character. An oxide that combines with water to give an acid is termed acidic
oxide(e.g.,S0 2 , Cl 2 0 7 ,C0 2 ,N 2 0 5 ). For example, S0 2 combines with water to give H 2S0 3 ,
an acid.
• 02
Solid non-metal (B) approp. remp. X
+
I
02
approp. calllylt& cemp. Y
t~
H;P
Z
.
(oxy aad) + Heat
427
Zn N Ot Zn Qt
1. If, R (dil.) 2 R (cone.)~
Cu Pt ~Qt
Then select correct statement with respect to gas 'Q' :
(a) Paramagnetic gas (b) Neutral oxide
(c) Colourless gas (d) Diatomic gas
Baryta water f, ·
f t~ : Milkyness O
excess X Clear solution
2. I ' X Cr 02-/H+
2 7
Green solution
then 'X' is :
(a) NO (b)C0 2
(c) SO 2 (d) S0 3
Zn Ht Zn Xt
~
2
3. If, Z (dil.) Z(conc.)
Cu .
No reaction ~xt
Then select incorrect statement with respect to gas 'X' :
(a) Burning sulphur smell (b) Reacts with Cl 2
(c) Residue of sulphur with H 2 S (d) Does not react with Ca(OCl)Cl
PASSAGE 6 . ... .
Consider the following reactions and answer the following questions.
M (Double salt) +NH 4 Cl(s) +NH 4 OH-► No ppt.
M (Double salt) + NaOH solution-► N t + P ,l.. (coloured ppt.)
1. Compound 'X' is :
(a) NaN0 3 (b) Ag 2C 20 4 (c) PbS0 4 (d) ZnC0 3
2. Incorrect statement for 'Y' and 'Z' is :
(a) Colour of' Y' changes on heating (b) 'Z' is anhydride of H 2CO 3
(c) ' Y ' can react with NaOH (d) 'Z' does not act as Lewis acid
8
The unique behaviour ·of Cu, having a positive E0 (Reduction potential) accounts for its
inability to liberate H 2 from acids. Only oxidising acids (nitric acid and hot concentrated
sulphuric acid) react with Cu. The high energy to transform Cu(s) to Cu 2+ (aq.) is not
balanced by its hydration enthalpy.
On the other hand, all Cu (II) halides are known except iodide. In this case, Cu 2+ oxidises r-
to 12 :
2Cu 2+ + 41- ~ 2Cul(s) + 12
However, copper (I) compounds are unstable in aqueous solution and undergo
disproportionation.
2Cu+ (aq.) ~ cu·2+(aq.) + Cu
2
The stability of Cu +(aq.) rather than Cu+ (aq.) is due to the much more negative Af-1 Hyd of
cu 2+{aq.) than cu+(aq.).
ppt. mixture
+
Filtrate
(R) (Colourless)
lexcess NaOH
i
ppt. (Q)
+
, Filtrate (P.)
(Colourless)
1. When H 2 S gas was passed into filtrate (P), a coloured precipitate was obtained, then cation
present in the filtrate is :
(a) Zn 2+(aq.) (b) Cr 3+(aq.)
(c) Al 3+ (aq.) (d) Pb 2+(aq.)
2. Precipitate (Q) was treated with di!. HCI and coloured solution was obtained. On passing H 2 S
gas into this solution no precipitate was obtained but colour of the solution changes, then
cation present in the precipitate (Q) can be identified by :
(a) Na 2 S 2 0 3 solution (b) KI+ Starch
(c) K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] (d) All
ONE OR MORE ANSWERS IS/ARE COUEa
1. Which of the following combination of species can evolve O 2 7
(a) PbO 2 + warm cone. H 2SO 4 (b) NaOH +P2
(c) PbO 2 + cone. HNO 3 (d) XeP2 + H2O
2. SO 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g)----+ X ~ Y +Z
Then X, Y and Z can be :
(a) SOC1 2 (b) SO 2Cl2
(c) SO 2 (d) PC1 5
3. Which of the following Nitrate salt solution neither produce ppt. with excess NaOH nor with
excess NH 4 OH solution ?
(a) Al(NO 3 ) 3 (b) Zn(NO 3 }i
Cc) Cr(NO 3 h (d) Pb(NO 3 ) 2
4. Which of the following compound(s) give two acids on dissolution in H 2O?
(a) P4 O 8 (b) POC1 3
(c) NO 2 (d) C 3O 2
1 : 20 X H:P y H:P z~
H:P X O
5 . Xe + F2 ----+ ~ ~ e 3
Select correct option(s) for X , Y, Z and given chemical change :
(a) X, Y and Z are in same oxidation state
(b) All have equal number of lone pair on central atom
(c) All are non-planar
(d) All have equal number of covalent bonds
6. Which of the following sulphide(s) does/ do not liberate H 2S on warming with dil. HCl?
(a) HgS (b) ZnS
(c) FeS (d) CuS
7. I 2 +Na 2CO 3 soln.~X + Y
If 'X gives coloured ppt. with Pb(CH 3COO}i solution, then 'Y' will respond to which of the
following?
(a) Y +H+(aq.) +H 2S (b) Y +cr2O?-(aq.) +oH - (aq.)
(c) y + H+ (aq.) + SO 2 (d) Y + H+ (aq.) + r(aq.)
H,SI
) Q
: Q ~- -B....a
o-il...
R
Qt
(soluble in excess
cone. NH 3 solution)
Which of the following anion cannot be in X ?
(a) F- (b) er (c) Br -
(d) 1-
17. When ozone reacts with an excess of potassium iodide solution buffered with a borate buffer
(pH 9.2) iodine is liberated _wh_ich can be titrated_ aga_mst a standard solution of sodium
thiosulphate, this is a quanntanve method f?r esnmanng 0 3 gas. When liberated 12 and
sodium thiosulphate will react, then product 1s/are :
(a) s 4 o~- (b) so~- (c) s 20~-
In which of the following reactions NH 3 gas evolution occurs?
(a) N0 +Zn+ dil.H 2S04 warm (b) NH~ salt+ Na0H ~
3
(c) AlN +steam~ (d) CH 3C00NH 4 ~
19. Which of the following compound(s) during heating undergo redox decomposition reaction?
(a) H~03(S) (b) Ag2C204(S) (c) FeCl3 -6H20(s) (d) K2Cr207(S)
Which of the following combination of species undergo(es) comproportionation?
20.
2+ ZnO/ ZnS04 (b) S + cone. H 2 S0 4 warm
(a) Mn0 4(aq.) +Mn (aq.) (excess)
MATCH THE COLUMN
Entries of Column-I are to be matched with entries of Column-II. Each entry of Column-I may
have the matching with one or more than one entries of Column-II.
_ _, . . 1i --.-~---,-----
1. Column-I Column-D
(Ionic Compounds) (Possible observations on thermal
decopiposftion)
(A) HgC0 3 (P) Acidic gas evolves
(B) FeS0 4 (Q) Metallic residue is obtained as final
product
(R) Metal cation of salt undergoes redox
reaction
( D) AgN0 3 (S) Metallic oxide can be obtained
(T) Neutral gas is evolved
2. Column-I . Column-D
(A) Na 2 S 2 O 3 + di!. HCl (P) Disproportionation reaction
(B) IC1 3 + H 2 0 (Q) Yellow ppt.
(C) FeCl 3 + H 2 S/ ff• (R) Redox reaction
(D) H 2 S0 3 ~ (S) One of the product gives white fumes
withNH 3
3. Column-I Column-D
(Halide compound) cc&~ct~l
(P) Can act as n-acid ligand
' (Q) Final hydrolysed product is a proton
donor oxyacid
(C) SbC1 3 (R) Can act as classical/normal ligand
(D) BF3 (S) Undergoes partial hydrolysis
(T) Final hydrolysed product has (pn-pn)
bond
433
Colum..i Column-II
(Antons) [Rea~on of anion(s) with dil.
HCVconc. H 2 S0 4 ]
(A) so ~- (P) Colourless volatile product is formed
CB) co~- (Q) Coloured volatile product is formed
cc) c1- (R) Volatile product forms precipitate with
Ba(OH) 2 solution
(D) NO 2 (S) Volatile product forms precipitate with
AgNO 3 solution
(T) Formed volatile product decolourizes
MnO 4/H + solution
5. Column-I Column-II
(Reactione) (Characteristics of any one product)
(A) (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 0 7 ~ (P) Amphoteric species
6. Columir-1 Column-II
(Complete hydrolysis) . (characteristics of any hydrolysed
product/hydrolysis)
(P) Dibasic acid
(A) NC1 3 ~
(T) Bi 3+(aq.)
8. Column-I Column-D
(A) Disproportionation in alkaline medium (P) Cl 2
(B) Oxidizing agent (Q) N0 2
(C) Reacts with water (R) XeF6
(D) Basic gas evolves on heating (S) NaH 2 P0 3
(T) (NH 4 ) 2 S
9. Column-I Column-II
(A) N0 2 (P) Hydrolysis occurs through r e dox
reaction
(Q) Hydrolysed product can undergo tauto-
meric change
(C) XeF4 (R) All hydrolysed products are acids
(D) ClF5 (S) Hybridization of central atom remains
same in final hydrolysed product
(T) One of the hydrolysed product reacts
with glass
SUBJEOM PROBLEMS
1. Find total number of reagents which can produce 12 from KI solution.
Cone. H 2S0 4 , Hg(NO 3 ) 2 solution, CuSO 4 solution, Cone. H 3PO 4 ,
K 2 Cr2 0 7 /H +, Cl 2 water, Pb(CH 3 C00) 2 solution,
Ca(OCl)Cl/H+, NaN0 2 +dil. HCI
2. Find total number of metal cations which are ppted as metal sulphide on passing H 2 S gas
through metal salt solution.
Pb 2+ (aq.) , Mn 2+ ( aq.), Sn 2+ (aq.), Cr 3+(aq.), Mg 2 +(aq.) ,
Hg 2 +(aq.) , Cu 2+(aq.), Ag +(aq.), Al 3+ (aq.), Ni 2 + ( aq.)
3. Consider the following reaction P4 + KOH ~ PH 3 + X
How many P-H bonds are present in species X ?
3
4. Which of the following species/reagent can reduce Fe +(aq.) into Fe 2+(aq.) at normal
conditions?
(NH 4)iS, HI, Sn 2+(aq.), CN -( aq. ) ,
so , Na 2S20 3
, SCN- (aq.), Acidified NaI0 3
2
s. Find out number ionic compound(s) which is/are water insoluble at room temperature.
Baso , AgN0 3 , PbC0 3 , CaC1 2 , Mg(OH) 2 ,
4
KMn0 , CH 3 C00Ag, Ca 3 (P0 4)i, (NH 4) 2 S
4
6. Find the value of expression Ix - YI for following compounds.
where,
x = Total number of water insoluble salts.
y = Total number of salts, which can liberate non-polar acidic gas during their complete
thermal decomposition.
BaC0 3 , PbS04,
Na 3 P04, CH 3 C00Ag,
7. Find out total number of coloured compound(s) from following :
BaCO 3 , HgO, PbSO 4 , Ag 2S, HgI 2, PbO, CdS, AgNO2 , PbCr04
8. Find out total number of cation(s) that produce precipitate with aqueous solution of Na 2CO J.
2
Cu 2+(aq.), Mg 2+(aq.), Fe J+ (aq.), Pb 2+(aq.), Al 3+ (aq. ), Hg 2+(aq.), Zn ~(aq.), NH:; (aq.),
c s+ (aq.)
9. P4 + SOCl 2 ~ Products
Find out total number of non-planar and polar molecules of products in balanced equation for
one mole of P4 .
10. What is ave rage oxidation state of sulphur in product formed in given reaction?
Na 2SO 3 + Na 2S + I2 ~ ......... . + Nal
11. Find out total number of coloured/black water insoluble compound(s) from following
substances :
Ag 20 , HgI2, FeS, Ag 3 PO 4 , Ba(MnO 4 )i, Na 2Cr0 4 , PbI 2, AgNO2 , Ag 2C2O 4
12. Find out toal number of compounds which on heating undergo redox reactions.
PbC1 4 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2, HgC 2O 4 , Ag 2CO 3 , Pb(CN) 4 , Al(OH) 3 , Cu(CN) 2
13. How many following Ammonium salts will evolve N 2 gas on heating ?
(NH 4 ) 2CO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2Cr2O 7 , NH 4NO 2, NH 4ClO 4 , NH 4Cl, (NH 4 ) 2S, (NH 4 ) 2C 2O 4
14. How many following metals evolve NO (Nitric oxide) gas with dil. HNO 3 (20%) ?
Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Al, Ag, Au, Mn
15. Find number of basic radicals among the following cations, which can form soluble complex
on adding excess of NH 3 solution :
Cd 2+(aq.) , Pb 2+( aq.), Ni 2+( aq.), Mn 2+( aq.), Zn 2+(aq.), Ag+(aq. ), Hg 2• (aq. ) , Fe 3+ (aq.) ,
Mg 2 + (aq.)
16. Calculate difference between oxidation state of chromium (Cr) in blue and green coloured
chromium species formed during the following given transformation.
17. If hydrolysis of interhalogen compound can be represented by following general reaction :
water
XYni ~ n 1 HY +HXO" 2
If given interhalogen compound is polar and non-planar, then calculate value of n + n :.! •
1
18. Total number of species that can be oxidized by acidic permanganate ion (MnO _:; /H • ).
r ,Fe 2+, co 2,c 2O~-, s 2-, so ~- ,No 2.ro:-, so~-
19. How many following metals evolve N 20 gas with dil. HNO 3 (20%)?
Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Al, Ag, Au, Mn
20. How many following Ammonium salts will evolve NH 3 gas on heating ?
(NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ,(NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2O 7 , CH 3COONH4 , NH 4 ClO 4 , NH 4 CJ, (NH 4 ) 2 S, (NH ) C:P• ,
4 2
(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ,NH 4 NO 3
21. Find out the number of cation(s) which form(s) black ppt. (soluble in hot and dilute HNO , ) on
passing H 2S gas into their salt solution? 3
2 2 2 3
Mg +(aq. ), Cu + (aq. ), Ba • (aq. ) , Pe • (aq. ), Ag +(aq.), Al 3• (aq.), Hg 2• (aq. ), Pb 2+ (ciq.).
Mn 2• (aq. )
ANSWERS
Level 1
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A) (A) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (B)
4. (A) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7.
11. (D) 12. (B) 13. (B) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (A) 20. (8)
14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (B)
21. (B) 22. (B) 23. (A) 24. 26. (A) 27. (A) 28. (B) 29. (B) 30. (8 )
(B) 25. (B)
31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (A) 35. (D) 36. (A) 37. (B) 38. (B) 39. (D) 40. (C)
41 . (A) 42. (A) 43. (B) 44. (D) 45. (A) 46. (A) 47. (A) 48. (B) 49. (A) 50. (8 )
51. (B) 52. (A) 53. (D) 54. (B) 55. (A) 56. (A) 57. (A) 58. (C) 59. (C) 60. (D)
61, (A) 62. (A) 63. (A) 64. (B) 65. (A) 66. (A) 67. (A) 68. (A) 69. (B) 70. (D)
71. (B) 72. (A) 73. (A) 74. (A) 75. (A) 76. (B) 77. (A) 78. (A) 79. (B) 80. (D )
81. (A) 82. (C) 83. (A) 84. (A) 85. (A) 86. (B) 87. (A) 88. (D) 89. (A) 90. (D)
91. (C) 92. (A) 93. (D) 94. (A) 95. (D) 96. (A) 97. (A) 98. (D) ' 99. (A) 100. (B)
101. (A) 102. (A) 103. (A) 104. (B) 105. (C) 106. (A) 107. (A) 108. (A) 109. (A) 110. (A)
111. (B) 112. (8 ) 113. (D) 114. (A) 115. (C) 116. (A) 117. (B) 118. (B) 119. (A) 120. (A)
121. (B) 122. (B) 123. (A) 124. (A) 125. (D) 126. (B) 127. (C) 128. (A) 129. (A) 130. (A)
131. (D) 132. (D) 133. (A) 134. (B) 135. (D) 136. (B) 137. (A) 138. (A) 139. (D) 140. (A)
141. (D) 142. (D) 143. (D) 144. (B,C) 145. (C) 146. (C) 147. (C) 148. (C) 149. (C) 150. (C)
153. (C) 154. (A,D) 155. (A) 156. (A) 157. (A) 158. (A) 159. (C) 160. (C)
151. (C) 152. (C)
163. (C) 164. (C) 165. (C) 166. (C) 167, (C) 168. (C) 169. (C) 170. (D)
111. (C) 162. (C)
171. (A,D) 172. (A) 173. (A) 174. (C) 175. (C) 176. (C) 177. (A) 178. (D) 179. (D) 180. (D )
183. (C,D) 164. (D) 185. {B,D) 186. (C) . 187. (B,D) 188. (D) 189. (C,D) 190. (C,D)
111. (B) 182. (D)
195. (A,D) 196. (A,D) 197.
1tt. (C) 192. (C) 193. (D) 194. (A) (C) 198. (C) 199. (C) 200. (C)
203. (A) 204. (C) 205. (C) 206. (C) 207. (C) 208. (B) 209. (A)
201. (C) 202. (D) 210. (B)
213. (A) 214. (C) 215. (B) 216. (D) 217. (B) 218. (B) 219. (C)
211. (B) 212. (B) 220. (B)
223. (C) 224. (A) 225. (B) 226. (D) 227. (C) 228. (D) 229. (C)
221. (A) 222. (B) 230. (D)
...
211. (D)
(B)
232. (D )
2A2, (B)
233. (C) 234.
2A3, (8 ) *·
(D)
(A)
235. (A) 236. (B)
241. (B) 241• (D)
237. (B)
247. (C)
238. (A) 239.
250. (D)
-
438 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY -
j -
1. (8) 2. (b) 3. (R) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)
' 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (a) . 17. (a)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24.. (b) 25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d)
41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49. (d) 50. (d)
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (d) 56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (d) 60. {c)
61. (a) 62. {b) 63, (c) 64. (b) 65. (b) 66. (b) 67. (b) 68. (d) 69. (b) 70. (c)
71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (a) 74. (d) 75. (a) 76. (c) 77. (c) 78. (a) 79. (d) 80. (a)
81. (c) 82. (a) 83. (a) 84. (a) 85. {b) 86. (b) 87. (b) 88. (b) 89. (b) 90. (b)
J
91. (c) 92. (d) 93. (b) 94. (a) 95. (c) 96. (b) ' 97. (C) I 98. (c) ! -'
3
Passage-I 1. (b) 2. · (b)
Match t he Column
1, A➔ P.Q.R.S. T: B➔ P. R. S; C ➔ S. T; D ➔ P, Q, R, S, T
2,A ➔ Q: B➔ S: C➔ R; D➔ P
3 . A ➔ P.Q: B ➔ R. T: C➔ S, T; D ➔ S, T
4. A ➔ P. R. S. T: B ➔ P.R.S; C ➔ P,S. T ; D➔ Q, S, T
5 . A ➔ P.R. T : B ➔ Q.R.S. T: C ➔ P,R, S, T ; D➔ Q
6 . A ➔ R.S. T: B ➔ Q.R.S: C ➔ P,Q, R,S, T; D➔ P,Q, R,S, T
7. A ➔ P.Q.R.S. T: B ➔ P.Q, R.S: C ➔ P,Q,R, S, T; D➔ P,R,S, T
8 . A ➔ P.Q.S: B ➔ P.Q.R; C ➔ P,Q, R, S. T; D ➔ S,T
9. A ➔ P. Q. R.S; B ➔ Q . R.S.T; C ➔ P , T; D➔ Q, R, T
B ➔ P. Q, R.T: C ➔ P, S. T; D ➔ P,Q, T
10 . A ➔ P.Q.S;
B ➔ R,S; C ➔ P, R,S, T; D ➔ Q,R,S, T
11. A ➔ P.Q. T;
Subjective Problems
1. (6) 2. (5) 3. (2) 4. (5) 5. (5) 6. (0) 7. (6) 8. (7) 9. (6) 10. (2)
11. (5) 12. (6) 13. (3) 14. (4) 15. (4) 16. (3) 17. (8) 18. (6) 19. (5) 20. (6)
21 . (3)
Hints and Solutions
Level 2
1 . (a)
(a) 2Cu(N0 3)2 +4KCN--+ KN0 3 +2CuCN+(CN)2 t
(~dox)
NH 4Cl-4NH 3 t+HClt
(NH4 ) 2C0 3 + 2NaOH- 2NH 3 + Naf:,0 3 + Hp
Li3N +3HP- 3Li0H+NH3 t
12. (c) MgC1 2 -6Hp-4Mg0+2HCl+SHp
3
2K,J:.rp7 - 4 2Kf:,r0 4 + Crp3 +
202 t
K,J:.0 3 ~ does not decompose but melts
15. (d)
4
+,....._ _ _......__ _
t [NH Ct(s) + (NH4 h C0:1 Sol.J nnd fllln·
__,l
ppt. Filtrnre
CaC03, SrC03, BaC03 Mg2+ (oq .) is not pp reel
CH3C00H followed by in prescnct• of NHt snit
addition of (NH4 hC20 4
.-------L----
Filtrate
Ba2+(aq.)
H2S2 0 7 (0leum)
PbS04 J. + H20+ ½0 2t
MnS04 + H20 + Y,02 t
Cr2cSO,v3 + 0 2
17. la) HF is funned as one of the hydrolysed product ofClF5, XeF2 ,SF4 and HF react with silica of glass vessel.
While in case of hydrolysis ofBF3
4BF3 + 3H:l) ~ H3B0 3 + 3H[BF4]
_____,
does not renct
with silica (SiOi l
18. (c) BaS:l) 3 + HCl Warm I BaC1 2+ S02 t Feso. sol. 1 No reaction hence solution remains green.
Agi50 3 +HC1 Warm AgC1-l.+S02 t Feso. sol. No reaction hence solution remains green.
1
rr0 + BaC12
(d) Na -Z-- Aqueous ► BaCrO"-!. + 2NaCl
7 I) (IIIIOluble) (Soluble)
(Soluble) (Solub e
NH3 being basic in solution, does not change yellow colour ofCrO/'-(aq. ).
+n ) + 4NH ~ [Zn(NH3)4] 2t
Zn (aq. 3 (colourless complex ion)
(Jd10 4,o)
FeH(aq.), Zn2 +(aq.)
NaDH (excess)
53. (a)
ppt. Filtrate
2
Fe(0H}J (Zn(0H)4] -
CaC0 3 ~ CaO+C0 2t
Basic Acidic
NH 4N0 2 ~ N 2t+2Hp
NaN03 ~low NaNO +.!.o t
soo·c 2 2 2
67. (b) Pb0 2 does not react with cold dll. HN0 3 due to its more acidic nature.
69. (b) Order of 10lubility in water
➔ LiF < NaP < KP
➔ UN03 > NaN0 3 > KN0 3
➔ Li:zC0 3 < Na:zCO, < K;iC03
70. (c) 3Brz + 3Na2CO3
(Impure) (Mot Aq. Sol.)
-
1
SNaBr + NaBrO3 +3CO2 t
A H2SO4
3Br2 t + Na2 SO4
(Pure)
71. (c) In I group only Li form nitride and all II group metal form nitride.
Mg +N2- Mg3N2 l-l20!moisrJ > Mg(OH)i+NH3
Ca+ N 2 - Ca 3N 2 1-1,o (moisi) > Ca(OH)i + NH 3
Li+ N 2 - Li3N H20 (moiSI) ) LiOH + NH3
K + N 2- No reaction
72. (c) SO 2 soluble in water. So cannot be collected over water.
73. (a) <I> of metal cation oc _ __ _ __ _l_ _ _ _ __
T. S. of ionic compound poly atomic anion
NaHCO 3 < KHCO 3 < RbHCO 3 < CsHCO 3
74. (d)
(a) Fe 3+ + KJlFe(CN) 6 ] - Fe[Fe(CN)6 ]
Brown Colour
77. (c)
2
(a) HCl + KMnO 4 - Mn • + Cl2 t
(b)HCl +MnO 2 - Mn ++Cl 2 t
2
(c) HCl + Br2 - No reaction (l:!.G = +ve, because Br2 is weaker oxidant than Cl 2 )
(d) HCI + F2 - HF+ Cl 2 t (t:,.G = -ve, because F2 is stronger oxidant than Cl2 )
78. (a)
(a) 2NH ◄ClO 4 ~ N 2 t+Cl 2 t +20 2 t +4Hp
80. (a) FeS04 (s) ~ Fe20 3 (s) + S03 (g) + S02 (g)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
lCrlol-✓H'
Na2Cr04 Na101 Cr3+ (aq.)
excess
(Yellow (Green solution)
solution.)
81. (c)
(a) s2- + Zn +dil.HCI ~ HzSi
St. Reducing agent
84. (a)
(a) N .p - Diamagnetic, Neutral
(b) N0 2 - Paramagnetic, Acidic
(c) NO - Paramagnetic, Neutral
( d) N .p3 - Diamagnetic, Acidic .
85. (b) AgCl and Agl both are insoluble in dil. HN0 3 , and both are soluble in complexing agents (CW solution
and Hypo solution), but AgCl is soluble in di!. NH 3 solution whereas Agl is insoluble even in highly
cone. NH 3 solution.
86. (b)Pb0 2 +2H!? 3 - Pb(N03}i+Hp + ½02 t
87, (b)
S02, CO2
o2
K,Cr207/W)
Absorbs
ICO2, 02 I Ca(OH),
Absorbs
Only SO2 Only CO2
Mixture (Redox reaction) (Acid base
of gases reaction)
Absorbed by
alkaline pyragallol
88. (b)
(a} KMn0 4 : Pink/Purple
(b)BaS0 4 : Colourless
(c) Na;iCr0 4 : Yellow
(d)CoC12 : Blue compound
-lTYPES OF REACTIONS
449
89, (b)
(a) Xe0j2 +Hp ~ Xe0 3 +2HF
(b) 2XeF2 +2Hp ~ 2Xe+4HF+0 2
(c) 6XeF4 +12Hp ~ 4Xe+2Xe0 3 +24HF+30 2
(d) XeF6 +3Hp ~ Xe0 3 +6HF
90, (b)2FeS0 4 ·7Hp 3
oo•c) 2FeS0◄ -4Fep 3 (s)+S0 2 t+S0 3 t
-l4H2O
Level 3
Passage-1
Zn+dll. HCI t FcC13 +
+ Fe2
1
1. Cb) so/-caq.) H2S ~ S
0
"'
61 so 1 Mno4-/H+
(pnle green)
Passage-2
1. (a) For salt' R'
(a) NH 4N0 3 -----4 Np + Hp
(Neutrnl) (Ncumll)
2
3. (d) 'Q' salt + H:z,S ~S+Mn +(aq.)
(O.A. MnO4 - ) (R.A.)
Passage-3
1. (d) FeS0 4 ·7HP FeS0 4
300' C ) Fep 3 + S0 2 t+ S03 t
(Whlre (Brown) (11 D..o) ()1 D•Ol
(Green)
from 2 moles)
CuS04·SH20
(Blue)
NH4 N02 ~ N2 + 2H20
th1~l1"
~xth1i:ulshh\~
pmpelt~•
1 C11:m.(Whh~l
CuS04•5H20
(Bluel
3. (b) Pb0 1 does not renct with cold dil. HN0 3 due to Its more ncldlc norure.
Passage-4
1. (d) ⇒ 2FeS0 4 --4 Fe.p 3 +so 2 t+S0 3 t
Passage-5
20
1. (a) ⇒ Nz(g)~Not ~N02t H 1 HN03+Not
(Al 3ooo•c (Pl CQ) (R)
Zn N20't Zn N02t
di!. HN03 __j cone. HN03 __j (Ql
(R.) ~ NO't (R.) ~ N02t
(P) (Q)
3
Crp 1 :z...(aq. )+3S0 2 t +W(aq. )----+ 2Cr +(aq.) +3SO,t(aq. )+Hp
(Green sol.)
S0 2 t +H;i-5t----+ SJ.
S0 2 t +Cl 2 t----+ S0,£:.1 2
3. (d)Ca(OCl)a+s0 2 t----+ Caso,. +2c1 -
451
Passage-6
1. (d)FeS0 4 -(NH 4 ) 2S0 4 -6H:z<) +NH4Cl(s)+NHpH- No ppt.
Fe2+(aq.) + NH4 +(aq.) +NaOH(soln. ) - NH 3i + Fe(OH}iJ.
From double salt ( M) (N) (P)
(Green)
,,.,.c1'"::il
⇒ Cl-Fe Fe-Cl
"'-c1/
⇒ In methylene blue test for H;.S gas FeC1 3 is used.
3. (c) NaN0 2+dil.H;.S0 4 + Fe 2+(aq. ) - [Fe(H:z<))s(N0)] 2+
(Brown ring complex)
Fe 2+(aq.)+NH/(aq.)+H~i-No reaction
Fe2+ (aq. )+ Br2- Fe 3+(aq.) + Br-(aq.)
(Green) (Yellow)
Passage-7
1. (d) ZnC03 ~ ZnO + CO2 i
(X) (Y) (Z)
ZnC12 BaC03 J.
(Water (White ppt.)
soluble)
2. (d)
(a) ZnO is yellow when hot and white when cold.
(b) CO 2 is the acid anhydride ofH:z(:0 3.
(c) ZnO+NaOH ~Na 2[Zn(OH)4] orNaiZn0 2 +2H:z<)
(d) CO 2 is a lewis acid.
Passage-8
1. (b)CuSOiaq.)+3i-(aq.) __. CuIJ.+13-(aq.)+so/- (aq.)
Excess White Brown
Colour
7, (a, c, d)
312+ 6ChOW ---+5r(aq.)+I0 3-(aq.)+3H l"I
01aq. ~
101, of N12CO:J)
LHg+02
KN0 3 ---+ KN0 2 +0 2
N,JJ 4 ---+2N0 2
N ,JJ 3 ---+ NO +N0 2
10. (a, c)
(a) CaC0 3 .J.+dil. HCl---+ CaC1 2(aq. )+ H:zC0 3
(b) BaCr0 4 .J.+dil. HCl---+BaC1 2(aq.) + H:zCr,JJ7
(Organ• solution)
12. (b, c)
25•c ► NaOH+0 t
(a) Na:z<) 2 +H:P 2
(b) Cl 2 + Hp 2s•c ► HCI + HOC!
(c) P4 + HP 2S'C ► No reaction
(d) K0 2 + H:z<) 2s•c ► KOH+ 0 t
2
13. (a, c, d)
(a) Mg + NH 3(l) ---+ No Interaction
(b) Bjf 6 + H:z<) ---+ H3B03 + H2 t
(c) NaNH 2 + H:z<)---+ NaOH + NH3 t
(d) Be + H :P ---+ No reaction
7154
14. (d) Hgll. HgS, HgC0 3 are insoluble. Thus addition of Kl, HiS and Na :zC0 3 can shift reaction in backward
direction.
15. (b, c)
Cone. HiSO~ oxidizes both HBr and H:z&
16. (a, d)
AgCl and AgBr dissolve in excess of cone. ammonia solution.
Agl does not dissolve in excess cone. NH 3 solution.
17. (a) 12 + 2sp/- ---+ 21- + s,p6 2-
18. (b, c, d)
(a) N0 3 - + Zn +di!. HiS0 4 ~ Formed NH 3 is neutralized to NH/ by HiS04 and NH 3 is not
liberated.
(b) NH 4Cl + NaOH ~ NH 3 t +NaCl+ H:P
3, PCl 3: due to presence of vacant d-orbital it can act as n-acid ligand it does not act as classical ligand.
⇒ PC1 3 + 3Hp R.T. H 3PO 3 + 3HC1 : undergoes only complete hydrolysis
0
II
/pl, ; No. ofpn-dn bonds =1
HO OH
H
NF3: No vacant d-orbital or n' M.O, and N-atom has lone pair; hence does not act as n-acid ligand but
act as classical ligand.
⇒ Undergoes complete hydrolysis under drastic conditions
2NF3 + 3H2O 3oo•c, Na2o 3 + 6HF
BF3 ⇒ Boron has no lone pair hence it does not act as ligand.
⇒ Undergoes only partial hydrolysis
4BF3 + 3HP R.T. H3BO3 + 3HBF4
4. (A)Soj- + 2HCI ~ SO2t + 2c1- + H2O
(Colourless)
N02't
Reddish-Brown
D: P4 +3NaOH+3Hl)-4PH3t+NaHf02
Buie
- Ill +I
6. (A)NC1 3 +3HI) R.T'l NH3 + +3H0Cl
➔ Non-redox hydrolysis
➔ HOCl can act as both oxidizing and reducing agent.
➔ NH 3 : Monodentate ligand.
+Ill +V
(B)N0 2 +HI) R.T-► HN0 2 +HN0 3
➔ N0 2-, N0 3- can act as flexidentate ligand.
➔ HN0 2 can act as both oxidizing and rducing agent.
➔ N0 2-, N0 3 - can act as monodentate ligand.
-VI -1
(C)H:fil) 8 +2HI) R.T.► 2H:fi04+Hl)2
➔ H:fi0 4 : Dibasic acid
➔ sot can act as flexidentate ligand..
➔ Hl) 2 can act as both oxidizing and rducing agent.
➔ sot, can act as monodentate ligand.
➔ Non-redox reaction.
Pb(NO)
[Pb(OH) 4] 2 + NO2
(NH S
NH3i + 2Na+ + s2-
MnO -ca .) Mno42- + 0 2j
(C) NaOH (excess) (Green)
Hg 2+(aq.) Hg + HgO
Black
Bi(OHlJi
(White)
+4 +S +3
9. (A)N0 2 +H:z0 Redox ➔ HNO3+HN02
c,p2 ) (sp2) (sp2)
An1, [P, Q, R, S]
0
Hydroly1l1 I 2HF + S e llqulllbrlum
II
H-S=O
HO
/I~ Remains
O Backward I
HO OH
(Sulphurous acid)
• Non-redox reaction
" Sulphurous acid undergoes tautomerism
• All have same hybridisation (sp 3 )
" HF (Hydrolysed Product) can react with SiO 2 (Glass)
S1O 2 + 4HF --+ SIF4 +2Hp
Ans. [Q, R, S, T]
(C)XeF4 +Hp--+ Xe +0 2 +XeO 3 + HF
" Redox reaction
• HF reacts S1O 2 (Glass)
Ana. [P, T]
+S
Non-Redox
+s
( ,)CIFs +3Hp 1 HCIO J+SHF
" All hydrolysis product are acids.
" HF reacts with glass (SiOJ.
" HCIO 3 can undergo tautomerism.
Br
NO3
dll. HCI HNO2 Dlsproer:na1lon I HNO3 + NOi 02 (Air)• NO2j
/J.
(Puramngnetk) (Paramagnetic)
(C)NOi(aq.)-~Pb:..,;O:..:.;Ac~)....__. No ppt.
W+Na0H) NH3't
Cone. H SO HNO Dllpropcntonatlon I I !NO + NOi o~(Air) O i
A 2 Warm 3 ► N2
459
Br.
(Redox) soi- + sr-
dil.HCI
ti s02t + s.J..
(Diamagnetic)
Pb(OAc)
PbS203.J.. ...!!.2!4 PbSJ.
(White) (Black)
(Al+NaOH)
Na2S(aq.)
Cone. H SO
ti
S02 t
(Transition state
hybridization : sp3)
(Transition state
hybridization : sp3)
'Jransition state
Hyb. (sp3d)
Transition state
Hyb. sp3d 3
SUbjective
1 .
1. Cone. Hi-50 4 +2KI --+ Ki-50 4 +HI+
2 12 t
Hg(N0 3h +2KI--+ Hgi2 .L.+2KN03
CuSO,. +KI--+ Cuh++Ki-504 +12
Cone. H3PO,. +KI--+ No obs.
Cr.p7 2- /H+ + KI ----+ er3 • +12
Pb(CH 3OO)2 + KI ----+ Pbl2 -!. +CH 3COOK
Ca(OCl)Cl + KI ----+ CaC12 + 12
NaNO 2 + dil. HCl +KI----+ KCl +NaCl +NO+ 12
2 . ⇒ H-f,/ H+ gives ppt. with 1st and 2 nd group radicals.
⇒ H-f, gives ppt. with 1'\ 2 nd group radicals and Zn 2+.
⇒ H-f,/ Off gives ppt. will all cations with form insoluble sulphides.
⇒ Al3 +, Mg 2+, Cr 3+, Fe 3 + do not form stable sulphides, they hydrolysed and precipitate in form of
hydroxide.
3. P4 +KOH----+ PH 3 +KH:J>C) 2
0
II
a-/, (two P-H bonds)
H H
4. (NH 4 )iS+Fe 3•----+ FeS+S,l,+NH/
HI + Fe 3•----+ Fel2 +12
Sn 2+ + Fe3 +----+ Fe2+ + Sn 4+
3
CW+ Fe •----+ v!:~~~ ;pt. 6;~ss > [Fe(CN)6 ]
3
-
:. 4+2 = 6
10. Na-f,O3 +Na-f,+12 ----+Na-f,,f) 3 +2Nal
Average oxidation state of Sin s.p/· = 2 ·
11. Ag .p, Hgl2, FeS, Ag 3PO 4, Pbl2 ,
O
y ... .. v
'.,,,x,I
/'
I i..... o-
y ..... y
+ SH2 SHY+
y
iT!gonal pyramidal
Ans.n1 +n 2 =8
18. All the species which ore not in their highest oxidation state can be oxidised by MnO 4 - / H+.
1- . Fe 2+, cp/-, s2--, so/-, No 2- , [Six].
19. All those metals which are more electropositive than hydrogen in electrochemical series gives N .p gas with
dil. HNO 3 ( 20%) except Pb and Sn.
➔ Cr, Zn, Fe, Al, Mn
20. All those ammonium salts which have anions having nonoxidizing or weak oxidizing character, on heating
product NH 3 gas.
(NH )CO , CH 3COONH 4, NH 4Cl, (NH4}iS, (NH4)iCp4, (NH4)iS0 4
4 3
[Total= 6]
QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
1
1. Fe(OH) 3 can be separated from Al(OH) 3 by addition of :
(a) BaC1 2 (b) Dil. HCl (c) NaOH solution (d) NH 4 Cl & NH 4 OH
2
2. Cations present in slightly acidic solution are Al 3+, Zn 2+ and Cu +. The reagent which when
added in excess to this solution would identity and separate Cu 2+ in one step is :
(a) HCl acid (b) NH 3 solution (c) NaOH solution (d) Na 2 CO 3 solution
3. When a KI solution is added to a metal nitrate, a black precipitate is produced which dissolves
in an excess of KI to give an orange solution. The metal ion is:
(a) Hg 2+ (b) Bi3+ (c) Cu 2+ (d) Pb 2+
4. Which is not easily precipitated from aqueous solution?
(a) c1- (b) so~- (c) NO 3 Cd) co~-
s. Soda extract is useful when given mixture has any insoluble salt, it is prepared by:
(a) fusing soda and mixture and then extracting with water
(b) dissolving NaHCO 3 and mixture in dil. HCl
(c) boiling Na 2CO 3 and mixture in dil. HCl
(d) boiling Na 2 CO 3 and mixture in distilled water
6. An aqueous solution of a substance, on treatment with dilute HCl, gives a white precipitate
soluble in hot water. When H 2 S is passed through the hot acidic solution, a black precipitate is
formed. The substance is:
(a) Hg~+ salt (b) Cu 2+ salt (c) Ag+ salt (d) Pb 2+ salt
NH 4CI Na;P2 (B) ~ (C)
7. CrCl 3 ~ (A) ----t ---,,
mt
NH 4 H;P accrate
21. Salt (A) gives brick red fumes (B) with cone. H 2SO 4 and K2 Cr2 O 7 which gives yellow solution
(C) with NaOH and it gives yellow ppt. (D) with acetic acid and lead acetate. What is (C)?
(a) Na Cr0 (b) CrO 2Cl 2 (c) PbCr0 4 (d) NaCl
2 4
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY ~
22. When a nitrate is warmed with zinc powder and an NaOH solution, a gas is evolved. Which of
the following reagents will be turned brown by the gas?
(a) Sodium nitroprusside (b) Sodium cobaltinitrite
(c) Nessler's reagent (d) Barium chloride
2
23. To avoid the precipitation of hydroxides of Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ and Mn + along with those of
Fe 3+ , Al 3+ and Cr 3+ the third group solution should be:
(a) Heated with a few drops of cone. HNO 3 (b) Treated with excess ofNH4Cl
(c) H 2S gas is passed into solution (d) None of these
24. Brown ppt. (A) dissolve in HNO 3 gives (B) which gives white ppt. (C)_ ~ith NH4OH.(C) o~
reaction with HCl gives solution (D) which gives white turbidity on addition of water. What 1s
(D)?
(a) BiC1 3 (b) Bi(OH) 3 (c) BiOCl (d) Bi(NO3)3
25. FeSO 4 is used in the brown ring test for a nitrate. What is the oxidation state of Fe in the
compound responsible for the brown colour of the ring?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) + 2 (d) + 3
26. On adding KI solution in excess to a solution of CuSO 4 we get a precipitate 'P' and another
liquor 'M. Select the correct pairs:
(a) P is Cul and M is 12 solution (b) Pis Cul 2 and Mis 12 solution
(c) Pis Cul and Mis KI 3 solution (d) P is Cul 2 and M is KI 3 solution
27. On heating a mixture of NaBr and cone. H 2 SO 4 we obtain:
(a) HOBr (b) HBr (c) Br2 (d) HBr0 3
28. Which of the following ions is responsible for the brown colour in the ring test for a nitrate?
(a) [Fe(H 2 O) 5NO] 2+ (b) [Fe(CN) 5NO] 2- (c) [Fe(NO 2 ) 6 ] 4- (d) [Fe(H O)sNO
2 2
t
29. There is mixture of Cu(II) chloride and Fe(II) sulphate. The best way to separate the metal
ions from this mixture in qualitative analysis is:
(a) hydrogen sulphide in acidic medium, where only Cu(II) sulphide will be precipitated
(b) ammonium hydroxide buffer, where only Fe(II) hydroxide will be precipitated
(c) hydrogen sulphide in acidic medium, where only Fe(II) sulphide will be precipitated
(d) ammonium hydroxide buffer, where only Cu(II) hydroxide will be precipitated
30. Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between a sulphite and a sulphate
in solution?
(a) FeSO 4 (b) Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5NO]
(c) BaC1 2 + dil.HCl (d) Na 3 [Co(NO 2 ) 6 ]
31, A doctor by mistake administers a Ba(NO 3 ) 2 solution to a patient for radiography
investigations. Which of the following should be given as the best to prevent the absorption of
soluble barium?
(a) NaCl (b) Na 2SO4 (c) Na 2CO 3 (d) NH Cl
4
32. A colourle_ss water soluble solid 'X' on hea_ting gives eq~imolar quantities of y and z. y gives
dense white fumes HCl and Z does so with NH 3 • Y gives brown precipitate with Nessler's
reagent and Z gives white precipitate with nitrates of Ag+ , Pb 2+ and Hg+. 'X' is:
(a) NH 4Cl (b) NH 4NO 3 (c) NH 4NO 2 (d) Feso
4
v'.. TIE :~ORGANIC,\NALYSIS
69. On heating, a salt gives a gas which turns lime water milky and an acidified dichromate
solution green. The salt may be:
(a) carbonate (b) sulphide (c) sulphate (d) sulphite
'10. Reaction of Zn(OH) 2 with NaOH produces:
(a) Na Zn0 (b) ZnO (c) Na20 (d) None of these
2 2
'11. In group separation, before precipitating out group III metal ions as hydroxides, it is necessary
to boil then solution of the salt mixture with a few drops of concentrated HNO 3 is treated. This
is done to convert:
(a) Col+ to Co* (b) Fe2+ to Fe 3+
(d) CrJ+ to cr0~-
(c) Mna+ to Mn0 4
72. A compound 'X' on heating gives a colourless gas. The residue is dissolved in water to obtain
'Y'. Excess CO 2 is passed through aqueous solution of 'Y' when 'Z' is formed. 'Z' on gentle
heating gives back 'X'. The compound 'X! is:
(a) NaHC0 3 (b) Na 2C03
(c) Ca(HCO 3) 2 (d) CaCO 3
73. An aqueous solution of a substance gives a white precipitate on treatm:nt with dil. H~l_which
dissolves on heating, When-H 2 S is passed through the hot acidic solution, blac~ prec1p1tate is
obtained. The substance is: 2
(a) Hg~+ salt (b) Hg 2+'· salt (c) Ag+ salt (d) Pb + salt
74. A solid mixture of AgCl and K 2 Cr2 0 7 is heated with cone. H 2S0 4 and produces:
(a) gree~ish yellow gas (b) colourless gas
(c) red coloured gas .Cd) . no gas
75. Which of the following has the highest value of KP ?
(a) BeC0 3 (b) MgC0 3 (c) CaC0 3 (d) BaC03
76. When copper sulphate solution is treated ~ith potassium iodide and excess of hypo solution is
added. in resulting solution, a white prec,ipitate is formed. The white ppt. is due to formation
of:
(a) Na 2 S 4 0 6 (b) CuI 2 (c) Cul (d) Nal
77. The ferrous ion in a given sample is detected by the formation of a white precipitate on the
addition of a potassium ferrocyanide solution to it. The precipitate has the constitutional
formula.
(a) K 2 Fe"[Fe 11 (CN) 6] •• r
(b) K2Fe 111 [Fe(CN)6]
(c) KFe m [Fe 11 (CN) 6] (d) KFe 11 [Fe 111 (CN) 6]
78. Which one is correct group reagent for group cations?
(a) Mn 2+ Co 2+ Zn 2+ Ni 2+; HCl+H 2S
(b) Mn 2+ Co 2+ Zn 2+ Ni 2+; dil. HCl ·
(c) Mn 2+ Co 2+ Zn 2+ Ni 2+;NH 4 Cl+NH 4 0H
(d) Mn 2+ Co 2+ Zn 2+ Ni 2+; NH 4 Cl+NH 4 0H+H 2S
.
79. Cobalt salt+ KNO 2 + CH 3COOH ~ yellow ppt. The yellow precipitate is:
(a) Potassium cobaltonitra~e (b) Potassium cobaltinitrite
(c) Cobalt nitrite (d) Cobalt nitrate
80. Sulphide ions react with Na 2 [Fe(NO) (CN) 5 ] to form a purple coloured compound
Na 4 [Fe(CN)s(NOS)]. In the reaction, the oxidation state of iron:
(a) Changes from +2 to +3 (b) Changes from +3 to +2
(c) Changes from +2 to +4 · (d) Does not change
White crystal (A) on treatment with AgNO 3 gives white crystalline precipitate. (A) discharge
the colour of KMnO 4 solution but no gas is evolved. Probable radical present in (A) is:
(a) Cl- , (b) Br- (c) N0 2 (d) co~-
82. Iodate ions (10 3) can be reduced to iodine by iodide ions. The half equation which represent
the redox reaction are :
I03(aq.)+6H+(aq.)+Se ~ ..!_Ii(s)+3H 2O(0 (i)
2
1- (aq.) ~ ..!_Ii(s)+e- on
2
How many moles of iodine are produced for every mole of iodate ions consumed in the
reaction?
(a) 0.5 (b) 1 (c) 2.5 (d) 3
83. Cl 2 + OH- ~ a- + ClO . What is the coefficient for OH - when this equation is balanced
3
with the smallest integer coefficients?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
84. A _solution of metal hydroxide (MOH) with copper sulphate and mixed tartarate of metal M
with another metal M 1 of the same group, is used in the detection of -CHO group. Metal M
and M 1 are respectively:
(a) K, Na (b) K, Rb (c) Na, Li (d) Rb, Na
85. (i) A + Na 2CO 3 ~ B + C, (ii) A ~ (Milky) C
The chemical formula of A and B are respectively:
(a) NaOH and Ca(OH) 2 (b) Ca(OH) 2 and NaOH
(c) NaOH and CaO (d) CaO and Ca(OH) 2
86. On passing H 2S gas into first group filtrate sometimes yellow turbidity appears even in the
absence of II group radicals, this is because of :
(a) sulphur is present in the mixture as impurity
(b) (IV) group radicals are precipitated as sulphides
(c) the oxidation of H 2S gas by some acid radicals
(d) m group radicals are precipitated as hydroxides
87. Incorrect order of solubility product (K 5 p) of given precipitated compound is :
(a) AgCl < PbC1 2 Cb) Al(OHh < Zn(OH)i
(c) BaCO 3 < MgCO 3 (d) MnS < Ag 2S
88. On adding KI to a metal salt solution, no precipitate was observed but the salt solution gives
yellow precipitate with K 2Cr0 4 in the presence of CH 3COOH. Then the salt is :
(a) Sr(NO 3)i (b) Pb(CH 3COO}i (c) AgNO3 (d) BaCl 2
89. Which of the following precipitate is soluble in excess ofNH 3 solution?
(a) Pb(OH) 2 (b) Fe(OH}i (c) Ni(OH)i (d) Ag 2S
90. When a black metal sulphide reacts with dil. HCl, a gas liberates, which of the following pair of
cation can be separated by the liberated gas ?
(a) zn2+' Cd2+ (b) Hg2+' Ag+ (c) cu2+ ' Pb2+ (d) Mn2+' Ni2+
91. Which of the following mixtures can be separated by using excess NH 3 solution?
(a) Bi~.> and Al~.l (b) Ait,;q.> and Znf;q.)
(c) Hgt~.>and Pbf;q.) (d) cuf;q.) and cctf;q.)
92. Which of the following salt on heating with concentrated H 2 SO 4 , coloured vapours do not
evolve?
(b) NaNO3 (d) KI
(~) NaBr
Level
1. When a reagent (X) reacts with Fe 3+ salt solution turns red due to the formation of a
compound (Y). This reagent causes no change in colour with Fe 2+ salt solution. Compound (X)
and (Y) are respectively :
(a) NH 4SCN and Fe(SCN) 3 (b) K4 [Fe(CN) 6] and FeS04
(c) Na 2HP0 4 and FeS0 4 (d) K3 [Fe(CN) 6] and K 2Fe[Fe(CN)6]
2. Which of the following mixtures can be separated by using excess NH 3 solution ?
(a) Bi 3+(aq.) and Al 3+(aq.) (b) Al 3+(aq.) and Zn 2+(aq.)
(c) Hg 2+(aq.) and Pb 2+(aq.) (d) cu2+ (aq.') and Cd 2+ (aq.)
S. Which of the following salt will not give positive brown ring test ?
(a) Cu(N0 3) 2 (b) Pb(N0 3) 2 (c) Zn(N0 3 )z (d) Mg(N03)z
4. Consider the following reactions
P + Q ~ R + K 2SO 4
R~2Cul+I 2
Ag + +Q~S+K+
Then according to given information the incorrect match is :
(a) P =CuS0 4 (b) Q = KI (c) R = Cul 2 (d) S = K[Agl 2 ]
2 2
5. A very dilute acidic solution of Cd + and Ni + gives only yellow ppt. of CdS on passing H 2S,
this is due to :
(a) Solubility product (K 5P) of CdS is more than that of NiS
(b) Solubility product (K 5P) of CdS is less than that of NiS
( c) Cd 2+ belong to IIB group while Ni 2+ belongs to IV th group
(d) CdS is insoluble in yellow ammonium sulphide (YAS)
6.
Salt~ 1
C~ll~w
Green solution
solution .) •
I ~ Blue _;fr ,:
, solution
(a) Acidified H 20 2 ; Alkaline H 20 2 ; Acidified H 20 2
(b) Alkaline H 20 2 ; Acidified H 20 2 ; Zn/HCl
(c) Acidified H 20 2 ; Heat; Alkaline H 20 2
(d) Alkaline H 20 2 ; Acidified H 20 2 ; On standing
25, What will be the colour of the solution when Mn(OH) 2 is treated with concentrated HNO 3 and
sodium bismuthate (or red lead or lead dioxide)?
(a) Yellow (b) Purple (c) Green (d) Blue
26, A white powder "A' on heating gave a non-combustible gas and a white residue. The residue
on heating turns yellow. The residue dissolves in dil. HCl and the solution gives a white ppt.
with K4 [Fe(CN) 6 ). "A' would be:
(a) CaC0 3 (b) ZnC0 3 (c) CaS0 3 (d) CuC0 3
27. An aqueous solution ofFeS0 4 • Al 2(SO 4 ) 3 and chromium alum is heated with excess ofNa 20 2
and filtered. The material obtained are:
(a) a colourless filtrate and green residue (b) a yellow filtrate and brown residue
(c) a yellow filtrate and a green residue (d) a green filtrate and a brown residue
28. When a solution of Na 2Cr2 0 7 is treated with amyl alcohol and acidified H 20 2 , the layer of
amyl alcohol turns blue. What is the blue colouration ?
(a) Cr :ot (b) CrO 5 (c) CrO 4 (d) Cr :1:t + CrO 5
29. Hgf when reacts with H 2 S, black ppt. (A) formed which when reacts with Na 2S followed by
filtration leaving behind black ppt. (B). The filtrate with H+ gives black ppt. (C). A, B and c
are:
(a) Hg 2S, Hg, HgS (b) Hg + HgS, HgS, Hg
(c) Hg + HgS, Hg, HgS (d) Hg 2S, HgS, Hg
30. (A) light blue coloured compound on heating will convert into black (B) which reacts with
glucose gives red compound (C) and (A) reacts with ammonium hydroxide in excess in
presence of ammonium sulphate give blue compound (D). What is (A) , (B), (C) and (D) ?
(a) [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 )S0 4 ,CuO, Cu 20,CuS0 4 (b) CuS0 4 ,CuO,Cu 20 ,Cu(OH) 2
(c) Cu(0Hh,Cu 20 , Cu0,[Cu(NH 3 ).1 )S0 4 (d) Cu(OH) 2 ,Cu0,Cu 20, [Cu(NH 3 ).i)S0 4
31. A mixture of ferric alum, chrome alum and potash alum is dissolved in water and treated with
an excess of NH 3 solution and warmed with a mixture of NaOH and H 20 2 and filtered. We
will get:
_·-.z-~~. -:jjfJM INORGANIC CHEMISTRY ·~,
(a) a green residue and a yellow filtrate
(b) a brown residue and a yellow filtrate
(c) a brown residue and a green filtrate
(d) a blue residue and a green filtrate
32. When KCN is added to CuSO 4 solution:
(a) KCN acts an reducing agent (b) KCN acts as an complexing agent
(c) K 3 [Cu(CN) 4 ] is formed (d) All are correct
33. Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ can be distinguished by :
(a) K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] (b) K4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] (c) KSCN (d) All are correct
34. Which of the following will not dissolve in a hot mixture of NaOH and H 20 2?
(a) Fe(OH) 3 (b) Al(OHh (c) Cr(OH) 3 (d) Zn(OH)i
35. Match the following.
(I) HCO 2 (P) Obtained through Solvay's process
(II) K 2CO 3 (Q) Green colouration due to [Cr(H 20) 6 ]3+ ion
38. 0-L®-L.0--Z-@
Pale yellow Yellow Regenerated Deep blue
complex complex solution
The sequential unknown reagents is/are:
(a) H202/neutral medium, H 20 2/H+ ,cu2+ salt solution
Cb) H202/H+ ,H 20 2/0H - ,Fe3+ salt solution
(c) H 20 2/0H-, H 20 2/H+, Co 2+ salt solution
(d) H202/neutral medium, H 20 2/0H- ,Fe2+ salt solution
39 • (Clear solutton)
. D
dil. HCI
~ A ------+ B
K;iCr04
(Yellow ppt.)
(in acetic acid)
C (White ppt.)
Compound(s) A is/are:
(a) lead carbonate (b) red lead
(c) barium carbonate (d) calcium carbonate
40. which of the following is precipitated when an arsenate reacts with a magnesia mixture?
(a) MgHAs0 3 (b) Mg 2As03
(c) MgNH 4 As0 4 -6H 20 (d) Mg 2NH 4 As0 4 -6H 20
41. A coloured solution known to contain two metal ions, was treated with excess cold sodium
hydroxide solution. When filtered a whitish solid, slowly changing to brown, was retained on
the filter paper and a colourless solution collected as the filtrate. Dropwise addition of
hydrochloric acid to the filtrate produced a white ·ppt. which dissolved in excess acid.
Treatment of the residue on filter paper with a solution of strong oxidiser produced a
reddish-violet solution. Indicate any pairs of ions:
(a) Zn 2+ and Mn 2+ ions Cb) Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions
2
(c) Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions (d) Fe2+ and Zn + ions
42. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(I) In s 0;- both sulphur are different in nature
2
(II) Sodium acetate and lead acetate on heating giving same type of product, whereas Mn, Sn,
Fe oxalate salt giving different type. of products.
(Ill)Aqueous solution OCl - , S2- and CO;- basic in nature
(IV)NO;i oxidises 1- whereas Br 2 and Cl 2 oxidises N0 2
(a) II only (b) II, III, IV (c) II, IV (d) I, II, IV
On strongly heating, a blue salt leaves a black residue. Which of the following cations can be
43.
present in the salt? 2+ 2+
(a) Fe 2+ (b) Fe 3+ (c) Cu . . (d) Zn .
Which of the following, when dissolved in yellow ammonium sulphide, forms a thiocomplex
44.
containing the metal in the oxidation state +IV?
(d) SnS
(a) As s (b) As 2S 5 (c) Sb2S9
2 3
45. Thenard's blue is:
(a) CoA1 20 4 (b) Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 1J (c) K 2Fe [Fe(CN) 6 ] (d) [Cu(NH3)4](0H) 2
46. A salt imparts a yellow colour to a borax bead in an oxidising flame. What would be the colour
of the bead in a reducing flame?
(a) Green (b) Blue (c) Red (d) Violet
47. BiCl 3 can be reduced to metallic bismuth by:
(a) H 2S (b) S0
2 (c) FeS0 4 (d) Na 2[Sn(OH)4]
2
48. The blue colour in an oxidising flame of a microcosmic bead containing Cu + is due to:
(a) NaCuP0 4 (b) Cu(P0 3 )i (c) Cu 3(P0 4 )i (d) None of these
49. Which of the following reactions is/are relevant to the microcosmic bead test?
(a) Na(NH 4 )HPO 4 ·4H 2 0 ➔ NaPO 3 + NH 3 + SH 2 0
(b) CoO + NaPO 3 ➔ NaCoPO 4
(c) CuO + NaP0 3 ➔ NaCuP0 4
(d) All of these
50. Which of the following is formed in solution when [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]2+- is treated with KCN till the
colour of the complex is discharged?
(a) Cu(CN}i (b) [Cu(CN) 4 ] 2- (c) [Cu(CN) 4 ] 3- (d) [Cu(CN) 6 ] 4 -
51. A white solid forms Rinmann's green in the charcoal cavity test in an oxidising flame. On
treatment with dilute H 2 S0 4 , this solid produces a gas that turns an acidified dichromate
paper green and lead acetate paper black. The white solid is:
(a) PbS (b) ZnS0 3 (c) ZnS (d) Na 2 S
52. A white solid imparts a violet colour to a Bunsen flame. On being heated with concentrated
H 2 S0 4 , the solid gives violet vapours that turns starch paper blue. The salt may be:
(a) Nal (b) Kl (c) CaBr 2 (d) Mgl 2
53, Which of the following is soluble in boiling water, but less soluble in cold water?
(a) PbC1 2 (b) PbBr2 (c) Pbl2 (d) All of these
54, Which of the following pairs of cations cannot be separated by using dilute HCl?
(a) Hgf ,Pb2+- (b) Hg2+- ,Ag+ (c) Ag+ ,Cu 2+ (d) Hg~+ ,Bi3+
55, If NH 4 OH in presence of NH 4 Cl is added to a solution containing Al 2 (SO 4) 3 and MgSO 4 ,
which of the following will precipitate?
(a) Al(OHh only Cb) Mg(OH}i only
(c) Al(OH) 3 and Mg(OH) 2 (d) None of these
56. Which of the following pairs of cations can be separated by adding NH 4 Cl, NH 4OH and then
(NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 to the mixture?
(a) Ca2+ ,Mg2+- Cb) Ba2+- ,Sr2+- (c) Sr2+- ,ca2+- (d) Ba2+- ,cal+-
57, H 2 S is passed through the solution in an acidic medium to precipitate the sulphides of group II
cations, but in an alkaline medium to precipitate the sulphides of group IV cations because:
(a) the sulphides of group II cations are more soluble than those of group IV cations
(b) the sulphides of group II cations have lower solubility products than those of group IV cations
(c) the sulphides of group U cations are soluble in an acidic medium, but those of group IV cations
are not
(d) the sulphide. of group IV cadoru are soluble in an alkaline medium but those of group II
cations are not
58, Which of the following pairs of cations can be separated by passing H 2 S through the mixture in
the presence of 0.2 M HCl?
(a) Pb2+ , cuz+ (b) Ag+ ,cu2+- (c) cdz+ ,Bi* (d) cu2+- ,zn2+
59. Which of the following pairs of cations can be separated by using an NH 3 solution ?
(a) Cu2+ ,Ag+ (b) Pb 2+ , Ag + (c) Ag + ,Zn 2+ (d) Cu 2+ ,Cd 2+
60. Which of the following ions cannot be detected by the borax bead or microcosmic bead test?
(a) Cu 2+ (b) Cr* (c) Fe* (d) Zn 2+
61. Which of the following pairs of cations will tum borax beads blue in an oxidising flame?
(a) Fe 2+ and Co 2+ (b) Co 2+ and Cu 2+ (c) Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ (~) Cu 2+ and Cr*
62. A colourless crystalline salt, on being heated, gives a·colourless gas with a pungent smell. On
being passed through an AgNO 3 solution, this gas forms a white precipitate insoluble in HNO 3
but readily soluble in an NH 3 solution. Which of the following reaction can lead to the above
observation ?
(a) MgC1 2 + H 2O ~ Mg(OH)Cl+HCl
(b) (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ~ 2NH 3 +CO 2 +H 2O
(c) ZnSO 3 ~ ZnO + SO 2
(d) NaNH 4 HPO 4 ~ NaPO 3 +NH 3 +H 2O
63. When NH 4 Cl is not used together with NH 4 OH in group-III reagent which of the following
cation will not be precipitated?
(a) Fe 2+ (b) Cr 3+ (c) Zn 2+ (d) Ba 2+
compound (U) + cone. H:zSO 4 NaOH + AgNO3 NH3 soln.
64. (T) (V) -----➔ (W) ---➔ (X)
imparts violet Red gas Red ppt.
colour to flam e
dil. HCI
(W) - - - (Y) white ppt.
(U) NaOH (Z) gas (gives white fumes with HCl)
4
Identify (D to (Z).
(a) T = I<MnO 4 , U = HCl, V = Cl 2, W = Hgl 2 , X = Hg(NH 2) NO 3 , Y =Hg 2Cl 2 , Z =N 2
(b) T = K 2Cr2O7 , U =NH 4 Cl, V =Cr02Cl2, W=Ag2Cr0 4 , X =[Ag(NH 3 ) 2 r,
y =AgCl,
Z = NH 3
(c) T = K 2Cr0 4 , U =KCl, v' =Cr02Cl2, W =Hglz, X =Na 2CrO 4 , Y = BaCO 3 , Z =NH 4 Cl
(d) T =K 2 MnO 4 , U = NaCl, V =Cr03, W =AgNO2, X =(NH 4 ) 2 CrO 4 , Y =CaCO 3 , Z =SO 2
65. In the separation of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ in II group qualitative analysis of cations tetrammine
copper (II) sulphate and tetrammine cadmium (II) sulphate react with KCN to form the
corresponding cyano complexes. Which one of the following pairs of the complexes and their
relative stability enables the separation of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+?
(a) K3[Cu(CN) 4 ] is perfect and K 2[Cd(CN) 4 ] is inperfect complex
(b) K 3 [Cu(CN) 4 ] and K 2[Cd(CN) 4 ] is perfect complex
(c) K2[Cu(CN) 4 ] inperfect and K 2[Cd(CN) 4 ] perfect complex
(d) K 3 [Cu(CN) 4 ] inperfect and K 2[Cd(CN) 4 ] is perfect complex
2
66. The only cations present in a slightly acidic solution are Fe 3+ , Zn 2+- and Cu + • The reagent that
when added in excess to this solution would identify and separate Fe 3+ in one step is:
(a) 2 M HCl (b) 6M NH 3
(c) 6MNaOH (d) H 2Sgas
67. When cone. H 2 S0 4 was treated with K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ], CO gas was evolved. By mistake,
somebody used dilute H 2S0 4 instead of cone. H 2S0 4 , then the gas evolved was:
(a) CO (b) HCN
(c) N 2 (d) CO 2
68. Unknown salt 'A'. + K 2Cr 20 7 + Cone. H 2 S0 4 ~ Reddish brown fumes. Which is the correct
statement regarding the above observation?
(a) It confirms the presence of c1- ion
(b) It confirms the presence of Br- ion
(c) It confirms the presence of both
(d) It neither confirms c1- nor Br- unless it is passed through NaOH solution
69. An inorganic red coloured compound (A) on heating gives a compound (B) and a gas (C) .(A)
on treatment with dil. HNO 3 gives compound (D), brown colour substance (E) and a neutral
oxide (F) . Compound (D) on warming gives off again gas (C). Then, (E) will be:
(a) Mn 3 0 4 (b) Pb0 2
(c) Pb 3 0 4 (d) Fe 2 0 3
70. Select correct statement(s):
(I) When excess FeCl?i solution is added to K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] solution, in addition to
Fe ill [Fe II (CN) 6 r, Fe 1[Fe IU (CN) 6 r is also formed due to side redox reaction
(II) When FeC1 2 is added to K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] solution, in addition to Fe 11 [Fe m(CN) r,
6
r
Fe 111 [Fe 11 (CN) 6 is also formed due to side redox reaction
(III) Fe Ill [Fe 11 (CN) 6 r is paramagnetic while Fe a [Fe 111 (CN) 6 r is diamagnetic
(IV) Fe [Fe (CN) 6 r is diamagnetic while Fe 11 [Fem(CN) 6 r is paramagnetic
111 11
:ft. pale yellow . inorganic compound K is insoluble in hot and di!. HNO 3 but dissolves in
concentrated ammonia solution and co~pound L is formed, On treatment with di!. HN0 3
compound L produces a metal cation which gives white precipitate M with Hypo· solution.
When an aqueous solution of (M) is boiled, a black precipitate of (N) is formed which
dissolves in hot dil. HNO 3 and.on adding HCl gives a white precipitate. When the c~mpound
,. . • (K) ~s h.e ~ted with concez:trated H 2S0_41 ~pd MnO 2 9!qwn fumes are obsel"".ed.
2
A colourless inorganic compound (A) imparts a green colour to the flame. Its solution gives a
white ppt. (B) with H 2 S0 4 . When heated with K 2 Cr2 0 7 and cone. H 2 S0 4 , a brown red
vapour/gas (C) is formed. The gas/ vapour when passed through aqueous NaOH solution, it
turns into a yellow solution (D) which forms yellow precipitate (E) with CH 3 COOH and
(CH 3COO)zPb. With reference to above information, answer the following questions.
Zn+ dil.HCI
Qi T
(coloured
!Mn04 /H+ Ion)
4
[AJ KOH .. (BJ ( gives white fumes with HO)
~ gas
colourless salt
l
[CJ
Ca02
PISSIIE 5
A teacher gave a student two salts (A) and (B) told him to identify these salts. The student
heated salt (A) strongly and observed two oxides of sulphur. He added NaOH solution to the
aqueous solution of (A) and observed a green precipitate, which turned brown on exposure to
air.
When he took salt (B) to flame test, green colour was observed. On heating salt (B) with a
solid compound (X) and concentrated sulphuric acid, orange red vapours are evolved. When
this gas is passed through an ~queoµs solution of a base, the soluti0;n turns yellow.
PASSAIE
KOH+ Air
Black solid (A) - - - (B) + (C)
(green) (purple)
(i) KI on reaction with alkaline solution of (B) changes into a compound (D).
(ii) The colour of the compound (B) disappears on treatement with the acidic solution of
FeS0 4
(iii) With cold cone. H 2S0 4 compound (B) gives (E), which being explosive decomposes to
yield (F) and oxygen.
1. Nature of compound (E) is :
(a) Acidic oxide (b) Basic oxide
(c) Amphoteric oxide (d) Neutral oxide
2. Colour of the solution obtained, when ferrous sulphate reacts with acidic solution of (B):
(a) Colourless (b) Pink (c) Green (d) Yellow
3 . Which of the following options is correct?
(a) (C) and (F) are same compounds having same colour.
(b) (C) and (F) are different compounds having same colour.
(c) Compound (B) forms similar compound (E) with hot and cone. H 2 S0 4 •
(d) Compound (A) does not give same type of reaction in acidic and neutral medium.
4. 1ype of hybridization in compound (D):
(a) sp 2 (b) sp 3 (c) sp 3 d (d) No hybridization
PASSAGE ' 7
(A) + NaCl ~ (B) (white ppt.),
(B) + KI ~ (C) (green ppt.)
(C) + KI ~ (D) + (E) (colourless solution)
(excess)
-( E) +NH 3 +KOH~ (F)
~111 111
A white crystalline solid 'A on boiling with caustic soda solution gives a gas 'B', which on
passing through an alkaline solution of potassium tetraiodomercurate (II) solution gives a
brown ppt. The substance 'Ii on heating evo~ves a neutral gas 'C', which is inert at room
temperature and reactive is presence of catalyst and does not give brown fumes with nitric
oxide. · ~
PASSAGE
A chemist opened a cupboard to find four bottles containing water solutions, each of which
has lost its label. Bottles 1, 2, 3 contained colourless solutions, whilst Bottle 4 contained a
blue solution. The labels from the bottles were lying scattered on the floor of the cupboard.
They were
copper(Il) sulphate
sodium carbonate
lead nitrate
hydrochloric acid
By mixing samples of the contents of ·t he bottles, in pairs, the chemist made the following
observations:
(i) Bottle 1 + Bottle 2 white precipitate
(ii) Bottle 1 + Bottle 3 white precipitate
(iii) Bottle 1 + Bohle 4 white precipitate
(iv) Bottle 2 + bottle 3 colourless gas evolved
(v) Bottle 2 + Bottle 4 no visible reaction
(vi) bottle 3 + Bottle 4 blue precipitate
1. Chemical formula of white precipitate in observation (i) is :
(a) CuC1 2 (b) PbC1 2 (c) PbCO 3 (d) CuSO 3
2. Colourless solution present in Bottle-I is:
(a) CuSO 4 (b) HCl (c) Pb(NO 3 ) 2
3 . Nature of gas evolved in observation (iv) is :
(a) Acidic (b) Neutral
(c) Basic (d) Amphoteric
4. Chemical formula of white ppt. formed in observation (iii) is:
(a) PbC1 2 (b) PbCO 3 (c) CuCO 3 (d) PbSO 4
PAS SA GE . '- 1f 1
.A coloured compound (A) reacts with dil~te H 2SO 4 to produce a colourless gas (B) and
colourless solution (C). The reaction between (B) and the acidified K 2Cr2O 7 solution
produces a green solution and a slightly yellowish precipitate (D). The substance (D) burns in
air to produce a gas (E) which also can change the colour of K 2Cr2 0 7 solution.
FeCl3 soln.
(E)
Dil. HCI Violet colour
compound
j
(A) NaOH soln. (B) + (C) _..::;D=.:il·...:.;H:;:Cl:_._ (D)
~om.
No ppt.
" . ,
PASSAGE 13
Read the following short write up and answer subsequent questions based on observations(A)
to (J).
white ppt. soluble in
aq. NH3
yellow coloured
solution (B)
gas (J)
CuS04 (aq)
.-:-~--,
deep blue
solution
An unknown mixture contains one or two of the following : CaCO 3 , BaCl 2, AgNO 3,
Na 2 SO 4 , ZnSO 4 and NaOH. The mixture is completely soluble in water and solution gives
pink colour with phenolphthalein. When dilute hydrochloric acid is gradually added to the
solution, a precipitate is formed which dissolves with further addition of the acid:
1. Which of the following combination of compounds is soluble in water?
(a) BaC1 2 and AgNO 3 (b) AgNO 3 and NaOH
(c) BaC1 2 and Na 2 SO 4 (d) ZnSO 4 and excess NaOH
2. The aqueous solution of mixture gives white precipitate with dil. HCl which dissolves in excess
of dil. HCI. It confirms:
(a) BaC1 2 + NaOH (b) Na 2SO 4 +NaOH
(c) ZnSO 4 + NaOH (d) AgNO 3 + NaOH
3. The white precipitate is:
(a) ZnSO 4 (b) Na 2 ZnO 2
(c) Zn(OH) 2 (d) ZnC1 2
Aqueous solution of a salt 'A', when mixed with NaOH solution and warmed, a black
precipitate is formed. Black ppt. is filtred and dissolved in di!. H 2 SO 4 solution. The resulting
solution gives a chocolate coloured precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide solution. The
filtrate obtained after filtering off the black precipitate, upon warming with Zn and NaOH
evolves a pungent smelling gas. The resulting solution also responds to the ring test. The
filtrate does not evolve any gas when it is boiled with urea in the presence of H 2S0 4 •
1. Salt 'A' consists of:
(a) Cu2+ (b) Hg 2+
(c) cu+ (d) Pb2+
2. The filtrate obtained after filtering off the black precipitate consists of:
(a) NO 2 (b) NO3
(c) COi- (d) c1-
3. The chocolate coloured precipitate is:
(a) Fe 2 [Fe(CN) 6) (b) Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 )
(c) HgSO 4 (d) [Fe(H 2O)s(NO)J SO 4
INORGANIC CHEMISTR
PISSIIE 16
Borax Bead Test is carried out when the original mixture is coloured. It is done with the help of
a clean platinum wire on which a small loop is made at the end. When borax is heated on
platinum wire loop a transparent glass like bead is obtained. The hot bead is brought in contact
with salt till it reacts with fused borax and colour is imparted to the bead. Bead colour is noted.
Colour of the bead Ion
1. Blue green Cu 2+
2. Yellow Fe 3+
3. Green Cr3+
4. Violet Mn 2+
5. Dark blue Co2+
6. Brown
PISSIIE . 17
When a crystalline compound X is heated with K 2Cr20 7 and concentrated H 2SO 4 , a reddish
brown gas A is evolved. On passing A into caustic soda, a yellow solution of Bis formed. A yellow
precipitate of C is obtained when a solution of B is neutralised with acetic acid and then treated
with a lead acetate solution. When X is heated with NaOH, a colourless gas is evolved which,
when passed into a solution of K 2 [Hgl4 ], gives a reddish brown precipitate of D.
18
A white solid A reacts with dilute H 2S0 4 to produce a colourless gas B and a colourless
solution C. The reaction between B and acidified dichromate yields a green solution and a
slightly coloured precipitate D. The substance D, when burnt in air, gives a gas E which reacts
with B to yield D and a colourless liquid. Anhydrous copper sulphate turns blue with this
colourless liquid. The addition of aqueous NH 3 or NaOH to C produces a precipitate that
dissolve,s in an ex~ess. of µie reageJ)t to for.,,n a_clear solution.
1. Which of the following gases are B and E respectively?
(a) CO 2 and S0 2 (b) S0 2 and H 2S
(c) H 2 SandS0 2 (d) C0 2 andH 2 S
2. What would happen if the gas E were passed through -an acidified KMnO 4 solution?
(a) Bleaching of the perrnangnate solution without any precipitation
(b) Bleaching of the permangnate solution which would show a yellowish white turbidity
(c) Bleaching of the perrnangnate solution and the formation of a brown precipitate
(d) No action
3. What would appear if the gas B were passed through an aqueous solution of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ?
(a) A white precipitate soluble in hot dilute HNO 3
(b) A black precipitate soluble in hot dilute HN0 3
(c) A black precipitate insoluble in hot dilute HNO 3
(d) A yellow precipitate soluble in hot concentrated HN0 3
4 . Which of the following reactions are relevant to the action of NH 3 or NaOH solution on C?
(a) Zn(OH)i + 4NH 3 ~ [Zn(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ + 20H -
(b) Zn(OH)i +20H- ~ [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2-
(c) Pb(OH)i + 4NH 3 ~ [Pb(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ + 20H -
(d) Pb(OH)i +20H - ~ [Pb(OH) 4 ] 2-
5. Suppose the solution obtained by the treatment of the solution C with an excess of NaOH is
acidified with acetic acid and the gas B is passed through it. Which of the following will obtained?
(a) A colourless solution (b) A yellow precipitate
(c) A black precipitate (d) A white precipitate
····••1 19
(i) An aqueous solution of a compound A is acidic towards litmus and A sublimes at about
300°c.
(ii) A solution of A, on treatment with an excess of NH 4 SCN, gives a red compound B, and on
treatment with a solution of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ], gives a blue compound C.
(iii) The solid A, on being heated with an excess of K 2Cr 20 7 in the presence of concentrated
H 2S0 4 , evolves deep red vapours of D.
(iv) On passing the vapours of D into a solution of NaOH and then adding the solutions of
acetic add and lead acetate, a yellow precipitate of a compound E is obtained.
490
1. Which of the following can be the composition of B and C respectively?
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
7
(a) Ni(SCN)i and Ni 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] (b) Co(SCN)i and Co 2 [Fc(CN) 6]
(c) [Fe(SCN) 6 ]3- andFe 3 [Fe(CN) 6 Ji (d) Fe(SCNh and Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6h
2. Which is the oxidation state of the central atom in vapour D ?
(a) +VI (b) +v (c) +III (d) -II
3. Can the compound A be prepared in the anhydrous form by strongly heating its hydrated
crystals?
(a) No, because the water molec-.ues are very strongly bound in the hydrated crystals.
(b) No, because the salt gets hydrolysed in the process
(c) Yes, because the water molecules are loosely bound in the hydrated crystals
(d) Yes, because the salt sublimes at 300°C
PASSAGE 20
(i) A yellow precipitate of the compound A is formed on passing H 2S through a neutral
solution of the salt B.
(ii) The compound A is soluble in hot dilute HNO 3 but insoluble in yellow ammonium
sulphide.
(ill) Thesolution of B, on treatment with a small quantity of NH 3 , gives a white precipitate
soluble in an excess of the reagent, forming a compound C.
(iv) The solution of B gives a white precipitate with a small concentration of KCN. The
precipitate is soluble in an excess of the reagent, forming a compound D.
(v) The solution of D, on treatment with H 2S, gives A.
(vi) The solution of B in dilute HCl, on treatment with a solution of BaC1 2 , gives a white
precipitate of the compound E, which is almost insoluble in concentrated HNO 3 •
A mixture of
dilute
two salts Solution +
Na2C03 + HCl
water boil (soluble in water) NH4Cl
and filter
CD @ +
NaOH NH40H
boil
Solution H2s
Soda extract No ppt.
(No ppt.) @
@ HN03 NH4Cl +
AgN03 @ N~OH+
(NH4}zC03
White ppt. ~ - - ' ' -~
(readily Brownppt. White ppt.
soluble in Nl40H) dissolved in dilute
divided into
3 parts
-~iteppt.
t. The white precipitate obtained in step (2) when filtered, washed with water and dissolved
in NH 4 OH, furnishes the ions:
(a) Ag+ ,NH! andOH - (b) Ag+ + NH~ + c1 -
(c) [Ag(NH 3 )ir ,Cl- (d) [Ag(OH) 2r ' NH~' c1-
2. The white precipitate obtained in step (6) is:
(a) BaCO 3 (b) SrCO 3
(c) CaCO 3 (d) PbCO 3
3. What will happen if the white precipitate obtained in step (9) is treated with ·a large volume of
dilute H 2 SO 4 and then with a few drops of a KMnO 4 solution?
(a) The precipitate will dissolve in dilute H 2 SO 4 and the solution will decolorise the
permangnate solution
(b) The precipitate will dissolve in dilute H 2 SO 4 and the solution will give a brown precipitate
with the KMnO 4 solution
(c) The precipitate will dissolve in dilute H 2SO 4 and the solution will not react with KMnO 4
(d) The precipitate will not dissolve in dilute H 2SO 4 and the mixture will not react with
KMnO 4
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PASSAGE 22
An aqueous solution of a white salt A gives a white precipitate Bon treatment with dilute HCI
in cold condition. B is soluble in boiling water. An aqueous solution of A gives a yellow
precipitate on treatment with a solution of K 2CrO 4 • The soda extract of A is acidified with
dilute H 2 SO 4 , boiled to remove CO 2 and treated with a freshly prepared solution of FeSO 4 •
Concentrated H 2SO 4 is added to the resulting solution . A brown ring is formed at the
junction of the two layers:
-'2~-- .·: _· - -,
(a) Pb8r 2 (b) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (c) AgNO 3 (d) Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2
,- - .. ---- ~----- ~
PASS ,AGE
J • , •• ... "~' ...,. ... • ~ .
+cone. H4S04 D
Solution B K2Cr04 • No ppt.
Acidified
Brown ring
l
with HN03
White ppt.
C
PASSAGE
(i) When an aqueous solution of a colourless mixture of two salts is treated with a drop of
chlorine water, the solution becomes brown. Some chloroform is added to the brown
solution and the resulting mixture is shaken well. The chloroform layer becomes violet.
(ii) When chlorine water is again added dropwise to the above mixture, the chloroform layer
becomes colourless.
(iii) On being heated with solid K 2Cr 20 7 and concentrated H 2SO 4 , the solid mixture gives
vapours of a dark colour which form a yellow solution with aqueous NaOH. On
acidification with acetic acid followed by treatment with lead acetate, the yellow solution
gives a yellow precipitate.
(iv) When boiled with an NaOH solution, the mixture gives a gas that produces thick white
fumes with HCI vapours and turns Nessler's reagent brown. The mixture does not
respond to any other test for cations.
(v) The mixture, on being heated, gets completely sublimed.
PISSII E 25
(i) A white solid mixture of two salts containing a common cation is insoluble in water. It
dissolves in dilute HCl producing some gases (with effervescence) that tum an acidified
dichromate solution green. After the gases are passed through the acidified dichromate
solution, the emerging gas turns baryta water milky.
(ii) On treatment with dilute HNO 3 , the white solid gives a solution which does not directly give
a precipitate with a BaCl 2 solution but gives a white precipitate when warmed with H 20 2 and
then treated with a BaCl 2 solution.
(iii) The solution of the mixture in dilute HCI, when treated with NH 4 Cl, NH 4 OH and an
Na 2 HPO 4 solution, gives ll white precipitate.
1. The gases evolved in (i) are:
(a) CO 2 and HCI (b) S0 2 and CO 2 (c) S0 2 and H 2 S (d) NH 3 and CO 2
2. The white precipitate obtained in (ii) indicates the presence of a:
(a) carbonate (b) sulphide (c) sulphite (d) chloride
3. The white precipitate obtained in (iii) consists of:
(a) Ba 3 (P0 4 )i (b) Sr3 (P0 4 ) 2 (c) Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 (d) MgNH 4 P0 4 -6H 2 0
Ql
(soluble in excess
cone. NH3 soln.)
Which of the following anion cannot be in X ?
(a) p - (b) c1 - (c) Br - (d) i-
3. When ozone reacts with an excess of potassium iodide solution buffered with a borate buffer
(pH 9.2) iodine is liberated which can be titrated against a standard solution of sodium
thiosulphate, this is a _quantitative method f?r estimating 0 3 gas. When liberated 1 and
2
sodium thiosulphate will react, then product is/ are :
(a) S4 0 ~- (b) SO~- (c) S20~- (d) S
4. Which of the following pairs of cations cannot be separate by using an NaOH solution?
(a) Fe 3+ , Al3+ (b) Cr 3+ ,Al3+
(c) Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ (d) Cu2+ ,Pb2+
Na3[CO(N0~ 6] Yi ll
e ow ppt.
S. Aq. solution of 'X'
Yellow ppt.
QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS
8.
(a) NH 4I
KMn0 4 + gas 'B'
H2O2 + gas 'B'
?t
H 2SO 4 , gives red brown vapours. The white solid can be:
(b) NH 4Br (c) NH 4Cl
Column-I and Column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-I are to be matched with
some entries of column-II. Each entry of column-I may have the matching with one or more
than one entries of column-II.
t;Col~ll-lr' Col~
(Reaction with SBl:t/lta.dl~ (Slllt/llacUea1)
(A) Zn + dil. H 2 SO 4 (P) Pb(N02h
2.
(A,) Colourless gas evolved on addition of dil. , (P) S 20 ~-
H2SO4
(B) White ppt. on addition of AgNO 3 (Q) S 2-
(C) Black ppt. obtained when HgC1 2 is added (R) NO 2
in little amount
(D) The ppt. obtained on addition of AgNO 3 (S) CH 3CO 2
followed by NH 3 solution
3. .:.:!!!!!!!!!-l!...:i~ .1!~ ...,. __ Colamn-11
2
(A) Precipitate with KCN, which is soluble in (P) Fe +
excess of reagent
(B) Precipitate with NaOH and NH 4 0H, (Q) Hg 2+
which is insoluble in both excess
of reagent
(C) Coloured ppt. with KI, which is soluble in (R) Pb 2+
· excess of reagent
(D) Black ppt. with H 2 S, which is soluble in (S) Ag+
hot and di!. HNO 3
4.
(A) ZnC1 2 + H 2S (P) Pale green colouration
(B) CuSO 4 + Excess KI (Q) Brown solution/ ppt.
(C) Pb 30 4 + dil. HNO 3 (R) White turbidity
5.
(P) Sodium nitroprusside
(B) Acetate (Q) Cone. H 2 SO 4
(C) Sulphide (R) Neutral FeCl 3
(S) Di~. H 2SO 4
6. (lolwnn-o
(A) (NH 4)iCr207 (P) Gives N 20 on heating
(B) FeS0 4 (Q) Gives CO 2 on heating
I
(C) Mg(HCO 3)i (R) Gives SO 2 and SO 3 on heating
L(D) NH4N03 (S) Gi'~es N 2 on heating
7. Celmnn-D
(A) Gas evolved by the action of dilute H 2SO 4 (P) Colour of acidified KMnO" is discharged
on a sulphite
(B) Gu evolved by the action of dllute H2SO 4 (Q) Acidified dichromate solution is turned
on a carbonate green
(C) Guevolved~~nlt (R) Nessler's reagent gives a brown precipitate
wiellNaOH
J GMewlored_,,dle..-ofdllureH.S04 (S) Baryta water turns milky
-•llllpldlle
Alkaline nitroprusslde truns violet
INORGANICCHEMl',fRYMIi
Cokv!m-1
(A) Red vapours (P) MnS0 4 + NaBi0 3 + Cone. HN0 3
(B) NaOH solution is turned yellow by the (Q) KCl+SolidK 2 Cr20 7 +conc.H 2S0 4
vapours
(C) Purple solution (R) KBr heated with MnO 2 and cone. H 2 SO 4
(D) A colourless solution results when the (S) Na 2S + Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5 (NO)]
evolved gas is absorbed in NaOH solution
9. -
· ·- ·'r
f......, f-,
coJuinii.r... , ·.
- .. ~ \. ' " ~ .. -,,""111.--t
(A) Soluble in a concentrated NH 3 solution (P) Ag 2 S
(B) Soluble in excess KCN solution (Q) Cu(OH) 2
(C) Soluble in excess hypo solution (R) AgBr
(D) Insoluble in cone. HCl (S) AgCl
These questions consist of two statements each, printed as assertion and reason, while
answering these questions you are required to choose any one of the following responses
(A) If assertion is true but the reason is false
(B) If assertion is false but reason is true
(C) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
(D) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
t. Assertion : AgNO 3 reacts with KCN to form white ppt. of AgCN. This white ppt. disappears
when excess KCN is added.
Reason : AgCN decomposes to form silver-carbide and evolve N 2 gas.
:
2. Assertion HgCl 2 does not respond chromyl chloride test.
Reason : HgCl 2 being covalent compound ionises upto 2%.
3 . Assertion : Zn+HN0 3 (conc.) ~ Zn(N0 3 ) 2 +N0 2 +H 20
Reason : Nitric acid plays a double role in action on Zn metal, it acts as an acid as well as
an oxidising agent.
4. Assertion : If yellow precipitate is obtained on adding ammonium molybdate solution on
boiling then phosphate radical is identified.
Reason : Ammonium phosphomolybdate is a yellow compound.
s. Assertion HgCl 2 and SnC1 2 cannot exist together in an aqueous solution.
:
Reason : SnCl 2 is a strong reducing agent because Sn shows inert pair effect.
6. Assertion : Sometimes a white turbidity is obtained when a solution is prepared in water .
Reason : Pb 2+ cations are precipitated as PbCl 2 which is sparingly soluble in water.
- --
7. Assertion -2S-3 are
: CdS and As -- --
yellow ---
coloured --
compounds. - - - ~ 501
Reason CdS and As 2 S 3 can be separated by ammonium sulphide.
8. Assertion: Green edge flame test tells presence of borate ion.
Reason Green colour of the flame is due to burning of trl ethyl borate.
9. Assertion: A solution of AgCl in NH 4 0H gives a white precipitate when addff11;d with
HN0 3 •
Reason r
[Ag(NH 3 ) 2 decomposes in the presence of HNO 3 •
10. Assertion: When H 2S is passed through a solution of CuSO 4 , no precipitate of CuS is
obtained until the solution is acidified with HCI.
Reason The solubility product constant of CuS is not so high as to require a high
concentration of s2- for the precipitation of CuS.
11. Assertion : When H 2 S is passed through a solution containing [Cu(CN) 4 ) 3- and
[Cd(CN) 4 ] 2- ions, only cadmium precipitates as CdS.
Reason The oxidation state and co-ordination number of cadmium in [Cd(CN) 4 ] z-. are
II and 4 respectively.
12. Assertion: A concentrated solution ofBiC13 can be hydrolysed with watet
Reason BiC1 3 does not change in composition with dilution.
13. Assertion: The blue precipitate formed by the action of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] on Fe 3+ and by that
of K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] on Fe 2+ have the same composition.
Reason [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- oxidises Fe2+ to Fe 3+ and itself gets reduced to [Fe(CNh] 4 - .
14. Assertion: Zn(OH) 2 dissolves in an excess of NaOH solution as well as NH 4 OH solution.
Reason Zn(OH) 2 forms the soluble zincate salts with these alkalies.
15. Assertion : When a solution of Na 2 Zn0 2 is acidified with dilute HCl and treated with H 2 S,
a precipitate of ZnS is formed.
Reason Na 2 Zn0 2 is decomposed by HCl to give Zn 2+ ions.
16. Assertion: Br - ions do not interfere in the chromyl chloride test for chlorides.
Reason A bromide, on oxidation with K 2Cr 20 7 / concentrated H 2 S0 4 , liberates Br 2 ,
which dissolves in NaOH to give a colourless solution.
17. Assertion: Basic radical of V group are precipitated as their carbonates in presence of
NH 4 CL
Reason NH 4 0H maintains the pH of the solution basic.
18. Assertion: NO 3 ion can not be detected by brown ring test in presence of NO 2 ion.
Reason Both N0 2 and N0 3 ions evolve brown N0 2 gas with cone. H 2 S0 4 acid.
SUBJEOIVE PROBLEMS
1. Consider the following reaction
t,. Na2 [Fe(CN)sNO]
Na2So4+ C - (A) (B)
lcd(N03h Purple
complex
(C)
yellow ppt.
Then calculate value oflX 2 -Y 2 1(whereX and Yare total number of electrons present in "t 28 "
and "e8 " orbitals respectively ind-block metal ion of compound B).
2. Find number of basic radicals among the following cations, which can form soluble complex
on adding excess of NH 3 solution :
Cd 2+ (aq.), Pb 2+ (aq.), Ni 2+ (aq.), Mn 2+ (aq.), Zn 2+ (aq.), Ag + (aq.), Hg 2+ (aq.),
Fe 3 + (aq.), Mg 2+ (aq.)
3. Consider the following reaction
Na 3 PO 4 + (NH 4 )iMoO 4 +HNO 3 (dil.)~'X'
(canary yellow ppt)
Then calculate total number of atoms of 15 th group elements which are sp 3 hybridized in
compound 'X'.
4. How many anions will give colourless acid vapour/ gas with cone. H 2SO 4 on reaction with
following given anions ?
CH 3 coo - , c1-, Br- , s 2- , so~- ,Bot, No 2, c 2 0~-, 1-
s. X(s) dil HCI ➔y t Na 2 CF~~~~sCNO)] ➔ Purple solution Gas Y has been allowed to react with
Black
following species in neutral/acidic medium :
(a) FeC1 3 (b) CuSO 4 (c) BaC1 2
(e) Cr2 o?- . (f) CH 3COONa (g) Hg2+
Then calculate value of (P + Q - R)
p : Number of species which undergoes redox reaction with gas Y.
Q : Number of species with which gas Y undergoes precipitation.
R : Number of species with which gas Y produce no observable change.
ANS WERS
■ ,1 1:~ rn 1
1
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (a,d) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (b,c) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (b,c) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d)
41 . (b) 42. (a) 43. (b,d) , 44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (b) 47. (c) 48. (b) 49. (d) 50. (o)
51 . (c) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (c) 56. (b) 57.· (c) 58. (o) 59. (a) 60. (a)
61. (c) 62. (d) 63. (c) 64. (b) 65. (a) 66. (b) 67. (c) 68. (a) 69. (d) 70. (o)
7:1. (b) 72. (d) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (a) 76. (c) 77. (a) 78. (d) 79. (b) 80. (d)
81. (c) 82. (d) 83. (d) 84. (a) 85. (b) 86,1 (c) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (c) 90. (n)
2
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (n)
11 . (b) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (o)
I
21 . (c) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (o) 37. (o) 38. (b) 39. (c) .ao. (c)
41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (d) 45, (a) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (0) 41), (1t) 50, (c)
51. (c) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54, (8) I 55, (a) H . (o) 57. (b) 58, (It) 59. (h) 80. (ll)
61. (b) e:z. (a) 63. (d) 84. (b) 85. (o) H . (b) 67. (b)
I
88. (d) 00, (b) 70, (u)
71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (d) 74. (b) 711, (c) 71, (ll ) 71, (b)
504
Level 3
Passage-I 1. (b) 2. (c) . 3, (b)
1. (b)
.
2. (d) ' . -3. (c)
.
2._ (c) .3. (a)
. · . , (d)
13. (b, c) 14. (a, c) 15. (a, c) 16. (c, d) 17. (c, d) 18. (b, d)
19. (c, d) 20. (b, c, d) 21. (b, d) 22. (a, b, d) 23. (b, c, d) 24. (a, b, d)
25. (c) 26. (b, c, d) 27. (b, c, d) 28. (a, b, c, d) 29. (b, d) 30. (c, d)
31 . (a, b, c) 32. (b, d) 33. (a, c) 34. (a, b, c, d) 35. (a, d) 38. (a, c, d)
37. (a, d) 38. (a) 39. (a, b) 40. (c, d) 41 . (a, b, d) 4_2 . (a, d )
3. A➔ P, S; B ➔ P, Q; C ➔ Q, R; D ➔ R, S
4. A➔ S; B ➔ Q; C ➔ Q; D ➔ P, R
5. A ➔ Q; B ➔ Q, R, S; C ➔ P, S; D ➔ R, S
6. A ➔ S; B ➔ R; C ➔ Q; D➔ P
,. A ➔ P, Q, S; B ➔ S; C ➔ R;
C ➔ P, S;
D ➔ P,
D➔ R
Q, T
8. A➔ Q, R B ➔ Q;
B ➔ P, Q, R, S; C ➔ Q, R, S; D ➔ S
9. A ➔ Q, R, S;
11. (0 ) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (C)
Subjective Problems
1. 36
2. 4
3. 4
4. 6
s. 3
· Solutions ·
1. (c) Al(OH)a NaOH ) Na[Al(OH)4 ) + H,.0
(Amphoteric) l!xceu
S0 2 + S + H:zC)
gas pungent pale yellow
odour ppt.
...
87. (d) Correct order of K,p is Ag p < MnS according to classification of basic radical.
Cd) (i) BaC12 + KI ➔ No ppt.
(ii) BaC12caq.l +cr0r -+ BaCr0 4 i (insoluble In CH 3COOH acid)
Yellow ppc.
89. (c) The green ppt. ofNl(OH)2 t, soluble In exceas ofNH 3 1oludon.
Nl(OH).i+6NH3-+ [Nl(NH3)&]2++2ow
0 - ppt. ONp blu1
90. (a) Both Zn 2+ and Cd:i.+ cadona can be aeparated by pu•lnJ H~ 111 In acidic•• well 11 In neutral medium.
(I) Zn:i.+ +H~-+ No ppt. (II) Cd +H~-+ CdSi
Yillowppc,
91. (b) Al 3+ and zn2+ both form white ppt. withNH 3 solution but white ppt. ofZn(OH)2 is soluble in excess of
NH 3 •
Al 3+ + 3NH 3 + 3Hp - . Al(OH)3 .j, Ex. NH 3 solution > No reaction
Zn 2+ +2NH 3 +2Hp-. Zn(OH)2 .J, Ex. NH3 solution >[Zn(NH ) ]2+
3 4
92. (c)
(a) NaBr+H:i-5O4 -. Na:i-5O 4 +HBrt Cone. H2S04 > Br
2
t
(Remaining part) raddish brown
(b) NaNO3 +H:i-5O 4 -. NO 2 t
Raddish brown
(c) CaF2 +H:i-5O4 -. CaSO 4 + HFt
Colourless
1NH3 sol.
INH3 sol.
(unstable)
2Cul2~ 2 Cul -1- + 12 t
Ag + +KI-. Aglt+K+
5. (b) Basic radicals are classified on the basis of increasing order of K,pCd2,i. in II group while Ni2,i. in IV group.
KOH AgNOJ
14. (d) (i) Cr0:zCl 2 ---+ K:zCr0 4 cone. K:zCr,f) 7 --+ Ag:zCr,f)7
(X) H;iS04 (Y) (Z)
(ii) CrC1 3(aq) exces\ Na[Cr(OH)4] Na,{J 2 ,t Na:zCr0 4 ~ No ppt. in basic medium
NaOH (X) H,fJ, bo1 (YJ acetate
21. (c) Ppts. of Ag :zCr0 4 , Ag:zC0 3 are soluble in NH 40H due to formation of [Ag(NH 3 ) 2r
Green ppt. ofNi(OH)2 is soluble in NH 40H due to formation of[~i(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2+
Ag:zCr0 4 i + 4NH 40H - 2[Ag(NH 3 ) 2r + CrO!- + 4H:zC)
Ag :zC0 3 i + 4NH40H - 2[Ag(NH3)zr +CO~-+ 4H:zC)
Ni(OH}i i + 8NH 40H - [Ni(NH 3)6) 2+ +20ff + 6H:zC)
green ppt.
Fe(OH)3 is insoluble in NH 40H.
Al(OH)3 is insoluble in NH 40H.
2
23. (d) (i) 2Cu+(aq) - Cu +(aq)+ Cu(s)
(ii) Hg :zC12 does not furnish c1- , for chromyl chloride test.
(iii) [Fe(H:zC))5N0) 2+ is unstable, as iron is present in + 1 oxidation state
24.(d) X: 2Cr 3 + +lOOW +3H:zC)2 - 2Cr0~- +Hp
green yellow
0
Q, 11 / 9
y: cr0/-- + 2H20 2 + 2H+ ➔ I / er, I + 3H20
0 0 +6
In aq. solution Cr0 5 is unstable and if further decomposes
7
z: 2Cr0 5 __. Cr.P3 + -02
(Amphoteric) 2
Cr.P 3 + 3H:z,504 ---+ Cr2(S0 4h + 3H.P
26. (b) ZnCOis) ~ ZnO(s) + C0 2(g)
(A)
ZnO + 2HC1 ---+ ZnC1 2 + H.p
2
3 Zn + + 2K 4 [Fe(CN)6] ---+ K;iZnJlFe(CN)6hJ.. + 6K+
white ppt•
or, 2Zn 2+ + KiFe(CN)6] ---+ Zn 2[Fe(CN)6 ] + 4K+
white ppt.
33. (d) Fe2+ + [Fe(CN)6] 3- ~ Fe3 + + [Fe(CN)6]4----+ Fe4 [Fe(CN)6h
Tumbull's blue
(Prussian blue)
Fe 3 + + [Fe(CN)6] 3- ---+ Fe[Fe(CN)6]
· Brown colour
solution
Fe2+ + KiFe(CN)6] --+ Kj'e[Fe(CN)6 ] + 2K+
white ppt.
4Fe 3+ + 3K 4 [Fe(CN)6] --+ Fe 4[Fe(CN)6 h + 121<+
Prussian blue
Fe 2+ + KSCN --+ No coloured solution
Fe3 + + 3KSCN --+ Fe(SCN)a + 3K+
blood red
solution
35. (c) (I) Fehling's solution: CuS0 4 + NaKC4 H40 6 (Rochell's salt) + NaOH
(II) K:zC0 3 (m.pt.) = 850° C
(III) FeC13 + 2Spt --+ [Fe(SP 3 ) 2 + 3Cl- r
Violet sol.
[Fe(Sp )2
3
r + Fe +
3 --+ 2Fe 2+ + S oz-.
(g,ttnJ 4 6
(IV) Cr.pr +8H++3SO t--+ 2Cr++3sor+4H.p
(Orange) (green)
NH,iN0 2 ~ N2 t + 2H.p
(X) (does not support combustion)
37.
63. (d) In the absence of NH; ions or NH.<]. diaociarion o{ h'H.Pff is large i.e., cnoa,.r,ari.M cl oo- ~
c.onsiderable to increase ionic products of bydrosides o{ Y , u2- aad lni,. from dwi,{ uspecm-e Ks,;
values, hence they will precipitate in IIF group. However, Ba(Offh is JObwle doe ro high L"' value..
64. (b) c.cp;- + 6H+ + 4NH,.(l --+ 2CrOA+4NH, + 3Hp
en (U) cVJ
C..OA + 2NaOH - Napo, + 2HO
Napa,+ 2AgN03 - AgPQ4 + 2NaN03
(W)
While on heating a bromide salt with cone. Hi,'i04 and Kpp,, instr.ad of 0.0-Jkz, red.dim brown
fumes of Br2 are formed due to reducing character of HBr formed during the reaaiao.. Br2 <fmokes in
NaOH and no colour is produced.
68r- + c.cp;- + W - + 3Br2 t + Cr3- + 7Hp
Reddish
brownvapooIS
2NaOH + Br2 - + NaBr + NaCBr + Hp
~
14. (b) Hg 2+ ions react with KI to give a red precipitate ofHgI2, which dissolves in an excess of the reagent.
Hg 2+ + 21- __. Hgl2 .j, ~ [Hglli--
(red) (colourless)
Hg 2+ ions react with cobalt(II) thiocyanate to give a blue precipitate ofHg(Co(SCN)4 ], also fonnulated
as Co[Hg(SCN)4 ].
Hg 2+ + Co 2+ + 4SCW __. Hg(Co(SCN)4],l,
(blue)
11. (b) NH 3 solution (NHpH) furnishes OH- ions as well as NH 3 • It can separate one cation from another
provided both the cations precipitate as hydroxides but one of the hydroxides fonns a soluble complex
with NH 3 whereas the other does not.
Of the Al(OHh and Zn(OH)2 formed first, the latter dissolves in excess of the NH 3 solution whereas th.e
former does not.
Level 3
Passage-1
3. (b)
AgBr(Pale yellow)
(K)
dil. I
HNO+~ j cone. lJ.{ cone. H2S04
+ Mn02
NH3
Insoluble [Ag(NH3)i]+ Br2f
(L) Roddish
Brown
ldil. HN03
Ag+
1Na2S20 3
Ag+ Tu
Ag2S ~ Ag2S203!
dil.1 HNO3 Black (M) White
HCI (N)
AgCl!
(W)
K2Cr207 (s) + cone. H2S04
BaCl2 - - - - -- - - - - + C r 02Cl2 t
4
~) (~
~el~--'~-
Test lH2S04
1~
green BaSOJ Na2Cr04
flame (B) (yellow solution)
(white) (D)
l CH3COOH followed by
PbCr0 J
Pb(OAc)2
4
(E)
yellow
Passage-3
2. (b) sor(aq.) Zn+ dil.HCI H2Si FeCl
3
SJ.. + Fe2+
(Pale green)
41S
S20t"-
1 Mn04 /H+
Passage-&
2MnO2 + 4KOH + 0 2 ---+ 2KzMnO 4 + 2Hp
Black solid green
(A)
(ii) 2KMnO 4 + SHz-5O 4 + 10PeSO4 ---+ 2MnSO 4 +5Fe:z(SO 4)3 + K:zSO 4 + 8Hp
cold
(iii) 2KMnO 4 + Hz-5O 4 ---+ MnP1 +K:zSO4 + HP
(E)
2. (d)
/ s"-s/ s"-s-
s-
s/- (Chain structure)
> 220°C
3. (c) Na;P5 + 3Na;P0 4
- 20H:P (P) (Q)
Passage-9
NH,.N0 2 + NaOH ----+ NH 3 i' + NaN0 2 + H;zO
(A) (B)
NH 3 + 2K 2[Hgl4] + 3KOH ----+ [HgO •Hg(NH 2) 2]1 + 3H;z0 + 7Kl
Brown ppt.
+
NH_.N02 ----+ N2(g) + 2H;z0
{C)
Passage-10
1. (b) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2HC1 --+ PbC1 2 -l. + 2HNO 3
white
2. (c) Pb(NO 3)2 --+ Completely soluble in water.
3. (a) NazCO3 + 2HC1 --+ 2NaCl + co~ t + H:P
Acidic
cliaracter
4. (d) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + CuSO 4 --+ Cu(NO 3)2 + PbSO 4 ..l.
white ppt.
Passage-11
MnS + H:z-5O 4 --+ H:z,5(g) + MnSO 4
(A) (di!.) (B) (C)
Pink/Buff colour colourless colourless
KzCr:zC)7 + 4H:z,5O 4 + 3H:z,5 --+ K:z,5O 4 +Cr2(SO 4 ~ + 3S..l.
(gree.n) (yellow) (D)
\Is
cl~
(E)
Na:z,5O 3 + S --+ Na:z,5,P 3
Hypo solution is used as an antichlor to remove excess ofC1 2 from bleached articles.
Na:z,5,P 3 + Cl 2 + H,P --+ Na:z,5O 4 + S + 2HCI
2Mn 2•+ SPb0 2 +4H•--+ 2Mno; +5Pbl++2Hp
violet red
Passage-12
S8 +12NaOH --+ 2Na~.p 3 +4Na~+6H,P
(A) (B) (C)
Na:z,5:zC) 3
w
(s'--(s\- OL'~"o-
0
ss2- (Chain ■tructure) sol- (Thtrahedr.l)
Hi-5 reacts with sodium nitroprusside only in alkali medium
Na 2[Fe(CN)s(NO)] + 2NaOH + Hi-S't - NaiFe(CN)s(NOS)] + 2Hp
purple
Nai-5p 3 + [Ni(enh](N0 3 )i - [Ni(en)3 ]Sp 3 .J-+ 2Na+ + 2N0 3
Vi.Qlet
(optically active)
Passage-13
CrC1 3 + 3AgN0 3 - 3AgCl .J, + Cr 3 + + 3N0 3
(A) white
Passage-15
1. (a) Cu(N0 3)i + 2NaOH - + Cu(OH)2 ,j. + 2NaN0 3
,I.&
euo,l. +Hp
black ppt.
Panag•17
The formation of D indicates NH:.
Heating X with K-j:.rp7 and concentrated H:.SO 4 , resulting in the formation of A, which in subsequent
reactions gives B and Care the different steps of the chromyl chloride test. Thus, Xis NH 4Cl.
NH 4Cl +H;.50 4 - + NH 4HS0 4 +HCl
X
Kf:.IP1 + 2H:.S04 - 2KHS04 + 2Cr03 + HP
Cr02 + 2HC1 - CrOP2 + HP
chromyl chloride
NH: +OW ~ NH 3 t +H 2
S +02 - S0 2 t
D E
anhydrous
2H:z,S+S0 2 - 3S+ 2H.p ~ CuS04 •xH.p
D (colourless liquid) CuSO4 (white hydrated copper(ll)
sulphate (blue)
20H-
excess
NaOH
4NH3
Zn z+ + 2 OH- - Zn(OH)i [Zn(OH3 ) 4 ] 2+ + 2 OH-
C (NH4OH (White) excess
or NaOH)
NH4OH tiffi~u'Yfc,~
(soluble)
Passage-19
The reactions at step (ii) suggest the presence ofFe3 •.
[Fe(Hz<))6] 3 + + xSCW ----+ [Fe(SCN).. (Hz<))6 _xt3 - x + xHz<)
(red) B
or Fe 3 + + 3SCN- - - Fe(SCN)3
(red) B
4Fe 3• + 3 [Fe(CN)6] 4- - Fe 4 [Fe(CN)6h
(Prussian blue) C
The reactions in steps (iii) and (iv) indicate the presence ofci- (chromyl chloride test).
c1- + H:z-50 4 - HCl+HS0 4
Kf:.r.p 7 + 2H:z,50 4 - 2KHS0 4 + 2Cr0 3 + H.p
Cr0 3 + 2HC1 --+ CrOf:.12 --+ Cr0 2Cl2 t + H.p
chromyl
chloride
(red) D
l
52-
(H:zS)
CdsJ.
A
(vi) Ba 2+ + so~- ---+ Baso4 J.
(BaCl2) (CdS04 ) (white)
insoluble in HCI
or HN03
Thus, A is CdS, Bis CdS0 4 , C is [Cd(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+, Dis [Cd(CN)4 ]
2
-.
Passage-21
The fact that the mixture is insoluble in water but soluble in dilute HCl and that the solution does not
give a precipitate with H~ suggest that groups I and II are absent. The evolution of a gas (during the
dissolution of the mixture of dilute HCI) turning lime water milky but not acting on an acidified
dichromate solution suggests the presence of Co~- in the mixture. The formation of a white precipitate
by the action of AgN0 3 on the soda extract, acidified with HN0 3 , suggests the presence of c1- .
The formation of a brown precipitate when an alkaline solution ofK 2[Hgl4], i.e., Nessler's reagent, is
treated with the gas formed by boiling the mixture with an NaOH solution indicates the presence of
NH:. Step (4) suggests the absence of group UIA cations and step (5) that of group IIB cations. Step (6)
2
suggests the presence of group IV cation(s). Steps (7) and (8) suggest the absence of Ba + and Sr2+
respectively, and (9) suggests the presence ofCa2+ .
(Ca2+ +cp~- ---+ cacp 4 J.)
. (white)
2
Thus, the mixture contains the cations NH4and Ca + and the anions c1- and cor.
I 2NH40H 2+ -
1. (c) Ag+ + c1- ---+ AgCl+ _ _...... [Ag(NH3)2l + Cl + 2HP
(AgN0 ) (soda extract) (white)
3
As there is an excess ofNH 40H, some NH4and OW ions will also be pres~nt. . .
3. (a) The precipitate is cacp 4, which dissolves In minerals acids to set oxalic aod free, which decolonses a
solution of KMnO 4 ,
• · ·w -r ·.· --· · ---~'f,f".'' 7•" ' . INURl,flNl(lHlMISIRY-.;::
·. t ...~t.
Ca 2+ + C:P!-
(calcium (ammonium
acetate) oxalate)
2. (a, d)
AgCl and AgBr dissolve in excess of cone. ammonia solution.
Agl does not dissolve in excess cone. NH 3 solution.
3 . (a) l2 +2S:P~-___. 2r +S40~-
s. (a, d)
3K+ + Na 3 [Co(N0 2)6 ] - - - . K3 [Co(N0 2)6 J, + 3Na +]
Yellow
Na+ and Mg 2+ do not give test.
6. Cb, d)
Pb 2+ and Ba 2+ both form yellow ppt. with era~- ion which is not soluble in CH 3COOH.
Flame test Ba 2+ - - Apple green
Pb 2+ - Blue
8. (a, b, c)
0 3 , Cl2 water and cone. HN0 3 being strong oxidants will oxidise sulphur into Hi.50 4.
10. Cb, d)
S0 2t +H:P ___. H:.,503
S 2H <:Q
3H z-,<:Q 3 closed
lSO"C
vessle + z-, 4 + H:P
lBaCl2
BaS0 4 J, (white ppt.)
11. (c, d)
MgC12 +2NaN0 3 ---. 2Na• +Mg 2• +2ci- +2N0 3 (No reaction)
BaSO 4 + HCl ---. No reaction (remains insoluble)
ZnSO 4 + BaS ---. ZnS J, + BaSO 4 J,
(white) (white)
BaC0 3 J, + 2CH 3COOH ~ Ba 2+ +2CH3COO- +C0 2 +H:P t
(white)
19, (c, d) •
S0 2/C0 2 + Lime Water~ n'lilky soln.
- S0 2 /C0 2 + BaCl2 - - - . BaSO - / BaC0 3 J, (soluble in dil. HCl)
white ppt.
~:P 2 oxid!ses S0 2 to H:.,50 4 , which reac~ with a BaCl 2 solution to give a white precipitate ofBaS0 4 ,
insoluble m HCl. CO 2 does not react with H:Pz. but reacts with a BaCl2 solution forming a white
precipitate ofBaC0 3 soluble in HCl.
Acidified dichromate turns green with SO 2 but not with CO 2•
21. (b, d)
NH 3 solution cannot be used because both of these cations form soluble complexes with NH 3 •
22. Ca, b, d)
(i) Cations of the same group cannot be separated by the group reagent, and
(ii) A cation, not treated with its own group reagent, is generally precipitated by the reagent of a later
group.
H:z-5 in an acid medium is the reagent for group II. So the cations mentioned in (a) and (b) cannot be
separated as they all belong to group II. Those mentioned in (c) can be separated because Pb2+ (group
11) is precipitated as PbS and Al 3 + (group III) is not. The cations mentioned in (d) Remain unaffected by
the reagent.
38. (a)
HgC1 2 reacts with H;iS, in the presence of moisture, to leave a black residue of HgS, whereas NH 4Cl does
not. Other reagents do not react with HgC1 2 and NH 4Cl.
41. (a, b, d)
When a solid mixture of NaCl, Kf:,rf) 7 and cone. H:z-5O 4 is heated, the products obtained are:
4KC1 + Kf:,rf) 7 + 6H;iSO 4 ---► 2Cr0f:,l2 + 6KHSO 4 + 3Hf)
red
vapours
CrOf:,1 2 + 4NaOH ---► Naf:,r0 4 + 2NaCl + 2Hf)
yellow
solution ·
42. (a, d)
Ba 2+ ions produce yellow ppt. with ere~-, which is not soluble in CH3COOH
BaCO 3 dissolves in CH3COOH and produces Ba2+ ion which gives yellow ppt. with cr0t which is
insoluble in CH 3COOH
SrCO 3 is soluble. in CH3COOH and produces Sr2+ ion which does not give yellow ppt. of SrCr04 in
CH 3COOH.
43. (a, c)
Excess NH40H
Not soluble
,------•
Excess NaOH
<
Na[Cr(OH) 4] soluble
(b) cr3+ + 3NaOH ➔ Cr(OHh
green ppt. . Excess NH40H [Cr(NH3)6]3+ soluble
<
Excess NaOH Na2[Sn(OH) 4] soluble
(c) Sn2 + + 2NaOH ➔ Sn(OHh
white ppt. Excess NH40H ~ Insoluble
;,:;;;r-=;;:======::;::::::=;=:::::::=======:::::::::=========;lifflii:M
3
(d) Bi + + 3NaOH ➔ Bi(OHh
.
.J.
white ppt.
< Excess NaOH
Excess Nl40H
:
--------'--- Insolub'.~
Insoluble
44. (a, b, c, d)
Ali{S0 4 ) 3 + 6NH 40H -+ 2Al(OHh .J. + 3(NH 4 ) 2S04
white gelatinous
ppt.
⇒ ppt. of Al(OH)3 is insoluble in NH 3 sol. but ~oluble in NaOH
Al(OH)_; .J. + OH ~ [Al(OH)4 r
⇒ Al(OH) 3 can be used as antacid.
45. (a, b, c, d)
A chloride will give CrO:zCl2> bromide will give Br2, and nitrate and nitrite will give N0 2• All these gases
are red-brown.
Match the Column
Pb(N02h ::: NH: +Pb!+zn2++sot
(NH4 hS
1 - - - -.:.....::.-+:. H2Si + N~+
MnO4 (aq.)
1. A: Zn+dil. H2SO --+----'--c..+· Mn2+(aq.) +Zn2+
1........
Hgi+ (aq.) i 2+
~~---► Hg~+ Zn
·3+ ( ) (grey black)
._B_
1
_ aq.;_:::~ Bi~I + Zn2 + ·
(black)
Pb(N02h ~ PbCI2!+HNO3+NOi
( NH4 ) 2S (white)
~ - -~ -•~ H2Si +NH 4+ +er
s2ol-
soit+ st
52-
H2St
2. (A) H2S04 - N02-
N02t
CH3COO-
CH3COOHt
52ol-
Ag $i03 .!.(white)
52-
HgS (black)
(C) HgCl2 - N02-
No ppt.
CH3Coo-
No ppt.
HgI2 ~ K 2[HgI 4 ]
scarlet red ppt soluble
(R) Pb 2 ' + 2KI ---+ Pb12 .l. + 2K.
Pbl 2 .1. + 2KI ---+ K2[Pb14 ]
Yellow ppt.. excess soluble
S-24
(D)(R) Pb 2+ +Hi-5 - PbS.J. +2H+
black ppt.
3PbS + 8HNO 3 - 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2NO + 3S + 4HP
(S) 2Ag+ +Hi-5 - Agi-5.J, +2W
black ppt.
3Ag i5 .J, + 8HNO 3 - AgNO 3 + 2NO + 3S + 4Hp
Black ppt.
4. (A) Due to high Ksp of ZnS, it is precipitated in alkaline medium.
2
(B)2Cu + +Sr - Cu:J2.J.+I3
white ppt. Brown
brown ppt.
(C) Pb3O4 + HNO 3 - 2Pb(NO 3)2 + PbO2 .J. + 2Hp
Brown
2
(D)2FeCl3 + Hi-5 - 2Fe + + s.J, + 2W +6Cl-
pale green wlii_te_
solution turb1d1ty
S. Oxalate-on heating with cone. H:i-5O 4 gives a mixture of CO and CO 2 gases
Acetate-on heating with cone. Hi-5O 4, a vinegar smell of acetic acid is produced and with FeC13
(neutral), gives a red ppt.
Sulphide-with di!. Hi-5O 4 producing SO 2 gas which turns lead acetate paper black and sodium
nitroprusside produces violet colour ofNa 4 [Fe(CN)5(NOS)]. ·
Thiosulphate-with di!. H:z-5O 4 producing SO 2 gas and colloidal sulphur.
Subjective Problems
fl
1. B =Na 4 [Fe(CNMNOS)]
Fe 2+(d 6 ) ⇒ t~,e;
162 -021⇒ "36"
2 . Soluble in excess NH 3 soln.
Cd 2+(aq. ),. Ni 2•(aq. ), zn2+(aq. ), Ag•(aq.)
3. X ⇒ (NH 4 ) 3 P0 4 -12Mo03
15 th group and sp3 hybridized atoms in X = 4, (3, N-atoms +1 P-atom)
5. ⇒ FeS(s) clil .HCI > H;Pt Na,[F~~sCNO)J > Na 4 [Fe(CN 5 )(NO)]
(X) (Y) Purpluolulion
(d) S02 t +2H;Pt----+ 2s,l. +H:P or S02 t +H:P----+ H;P03 ~ s,l. +H:P
(e) Cr:Pr +SW +3H;Pt ~!:i
> 2Cr 3+ +s,l. + 7H:P
:. P =3; Q=2; R =2
Hence value of(P +Q-R) =3 +2 - 2 = 3 ·
TAl CHEMISTRY
1. The term biosphere is used for the zone of the earth where life exists:
(a) On the lithosphere
(b) In the hydrosphere .
(c) In the lithosphere and hydrosphere
(d) In the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
2. Biosphere is:
(a) In which individual interact to each other
(b) By which life originated
(c) The name of a bird
(d) Organic compound by which life diminishes
3. Which is not a renewable source?
(a) Forest (b) Coal (c) Water (d) Forest organism
4. Noosphere is synonyms of:
(a) Environment (b) Atmosphere
(c) Hydrosphere (d) Stratosphere
5. The living organisms on or around the earth constitute:
(a) Biome {b) Biosphere
(c) Community (d) Biocoenosis
6. Biosphere refers to:
(a) Plants of the world (b) Special plants
{c) Area occupied by living beings (d) Plants of a panicular area
7. What is the correct sequence of atmospheric layers starting from earth?
(a) Stratosphere troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
(b) Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
(c) Mesosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere
(d) Thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Level
When healthy, earth's stratosphere contains a low concentration of ozone (03) that
0v
absorbs potentially·harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiations by the cycle shown below:
o~ ;,+o
Hea7
chlorofluoro carbon refrigerants, such as freon 12 (CF2Cl 2 ) , are stable in lower
atmosphere, but in the stratosphere, they absorb high energy UV radiation to generate
chlorine radicals.
•
CF2 Cl 2 ~ CF2 Cl+ ct
The presence of small number of chlorine radicals appears to lower ozone concentrations
dramatically. The following reactions are all known to be exothermic (except the one
requiring light) and to have high rate constant.
A : Cl - 0 - 0 - C l ~ 0 2 + 2c1•
a: c1-o· +o ~ 0 2 +c1·
C:
· D:
. .
e1• +0 3 ~ Cl-o• +0 2
2Cl-O ~Cl-0-0-Cl
.
Column-I and Column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-I are to be matched
with some entries of column-II. Each entry of column-I may have the matching with one or
more than one entries of column-II.
2. Column-l Col1111111•D
(A) Oxides of sulphur Global warming
(B) Nitrogen dioxide (Q) Damage to kidney
(C) Carbon dioxide (R) 'Blue baby' syndrome
(D) Nitrate in drinking water (S) Respiratory diseases
(E) Lead (T) Red haze in traffic and congested areas
3. -c o•na_•
(Activity) -
(A) Releasing gases to the atmosphere. af. ,(P) Water pollution
ter burning waste material containing
sulphur
(B) Using carbamates as pesticides (Q) Photochemical smog, damage to plant life,
corrosion to building material, induce breath-
ing problems, water pollution
(C) Using synthetic detergents for washing , (R) Damaging ozone layer
clothes
(D) Releasing gases produced by automo- (S) May cause nerve diseases in human
biles and factories in the atmosphere
(E) Using chlorofluorocarbon compounds (T) Classical smog, acid rain, water pollution, in-
for cleaning computer parts duce breathing problems, damage to build-
ings, corrosion of metals
4. Column-I
(A) Phosphate fertilizers in water , (P) BOD level of water increases
(B) Methane in air (Q) Acid ran
(C) Synthetic detergents in water (R) Global warming
(D) Nitrogen oxides in air (S) Eutrophication
J ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY: 535
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
The questions given below consist of •~sertion" and their "Reason". Use the following key to
choose the appropriate answer.
(A) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT, and reason is the CORRECT explanation of
the assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT, but reason is NOT the CORRECT explanation
of the assertion.
(C) If assertion is CORRECT but reason is INCORRECT.
(D) If assertion is INCORRECT but reason is CORRECT.
1. Assertion : Green house effect was observed in houses used to grow plants and these are
made of green glass.
Reason : Green house name has been given because glass houses are made of green
glass.
2. Assertion : The pH of acid rain is less than 5.6.
Reason : Carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere dissolves in rain water and forms
carbonic acid.
3. Assertion : Photochemical smog is oxidising in nature.
Reason : Photochemical smog contains N0 2 and 0 3 , which are formed during the
sequence of reactions.
4. Assertion : Carbon dioxide is one of the important green house gases.
Reason : It is largely produced by respiratory function of animals and plants.
s. Assertion : Ozone is destroyed by solar radiation in upper stratosphere.
Reason : Thinning of the ozone layer allows excessive W radiations to reach the surface
of earth.
6. Assertion : Excessive use of chlorinated synthetic pesticides causes soil and water
pollution.
Reason : Such pesticides are non-biodegradable.
7. Assertion : If BOD level of water in a reservoir is less than 5 ppm it is highly polluted.
Reason : High biological oxygen demand means low activity of bacteria in water.
· ANSWERS
Level
, 9. (d) 10. (d)
Level 2
10. (c)
20. (d)
Level
.... . .,, ,~ ., -... ,
. I '!~, . . ,. : ' •_.- I ; ,J
(a) (a)