StatProb Q3 Module 16
StatProb Q3 Module 16
Statistics
Third Quarter
Module 16:
Sample Size and
Confidence Interval
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11
Probability and
Statistics
Third Quarter
Module 16:
Sample Size and
Confidence Interval
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INTRODUCTION
This learning material aims to equip you with essential knowledge on the
different Types of Conic Sections: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and degenerate
cases.
▪ Expected Learning Outcome – This lays out the learning outcome that
you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.
▪ Pre-test – This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson
you are about to take.
▪ Discussion of the lesson – This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected
learning outcome.
▪ Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable
you to further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.
▪ Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the module.
With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this material
engaging and challenging as it develops you critical thinking skills.
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What I Need to Know
What I Know
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on your notebook.
1. Which of the following random variable would require that the confidence
interval for the proportion, rather than the mean, be used?
a. The number of sales per employee in 2008
b. The volume in ounces of bottle fill-weight
c. The number of employees who vote “in favor”, rather than “against” a
new over-time policy
d. The weight in pounds of bag of fertilizer
2. Each of the following factors must be known in order to determine the sample
size for quantitative data except for,
a. The desired confidence level
b. The sample standard deviation
c. The acceptance sampling error
d. The population standard deviation
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4. A confidence interval estimate is constructed around
a. The population parameter
b. The degree of confidence
c. The population mean
d. The point estimate
5. In a sample size 25, in order to compute statistic, how many sample values are
free to vary?
a. 1
b. 24
c. 25
d. 50
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10. The type of reasoning involved in obtaining confidence interval estimates is
called
a. A priori
b. A posteriori
c. Inductive
d. Deductive
11. You and your friend decide to construct 95% confidence intervals for a given
population mean. You wind up taking a sample of 49 random observations while
your friend’s sample is made up of 36 random observations. Which of the
following is true?
a. The total width of your confidence interval estimate is wider
b. Your interval has a greater degree of confidence
c. The total width of your confidence interval estimate is narrower
d. Your frien’d interval has a greater degree confidence.
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What’s In
Getting the right sample size is a problem among researchers. This problem
should be addressed properly so that waste of resources is prevented. However, just
how large a sample size should be? To prepare you for this lesson, see if you can
answer the following. Evaluate each expression below.
1. 1 − 0.72
2. (0.15)(0.65)
2
(1.96)(3)
3.
0.2
2
(2.58)(1.2)
4.
0.10
What’s New
Fill in the blanks with the correct word or group of words to make meaningful
statements.
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What Is It?
Where E = z / 2
n
E = z / 2
n
z
E = /2 multiply
n
( n )(E ) = z /2
( n ) apply multiplication property of equality
n
E n = z / 2 simplify
1
( ) 1
E n = ( z / 2 ) apply multiplication property of equality
E E
z / 2
n= simplify
E
( n) z
2
2
= /2 square both sides of the equation
E
z
2
n = /2 simplify
E
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Thus, the formula in determining the minimum sample needed when estimating
z
2
1. Anthony wants to estimate the mean weight μ, in kilograms, of all Grade1 pupils
in an elementary school. He wants to be 99% confident that the estimate of μ
is accurate to within 0.05 kg. From a previous study, the standard deviation of
the weights of the target population was 0.5 kg. What sample size does he
need?
Solution:
❖ Substitute the values in the equation for getting the sample size, we
have,
2
z
n = /2
E
2
( 2.58)(0.5)
n=
0.05
2
1.29
n=
0.05
n = (25.8)
2
n = 665.64
n = 665.64 666
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2. Maria wants to study the eating habits of an indigenous tribe. She wants to
estimate the population mean μ to within an error of 0.02 of its true value.
Previous studies have revealed a standard deviation of 0.3. using 95%
confidence level, fin the sample size n that she needs.
Solution:
❖ Substitute the values in the equation for getting the sample size, we
have,
z
2
n = /2
E
2
(1.96)(0.3)
n=
0.02
2
0.558
n=
0.02
n = (27.9)
2
n = 778.91
n = 778.91 779
To determine the sample size for finding the confidence interval for a
proportion, we derive the computing formula also from the margin of error.
pˆ qˆ
E = z 2
n
1 pˆ qˆ 1
E = z
z 2
n z apply multiplication property of equality
2 2
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1
E = z 2 pˆ qˆ 1
z n z 2 simplify
2
E pˆ qˆ
= simplify
z 2 n
2 2
E
= pˆ qˆ
z n square both sides of the equation
2
E 2
pˆ qˆ
=
(
z 2
2
) n
simplify
E2 pˆ qˆ
(n ) = (n )
(z 2 )2 n apply multiplication property of equality
E2 pˆ qˆ
(n ) = (n )
(z 2 ) n
2 simplify/cancel out common factor
n E2
= pˆ qˆ
(z 2 )2 simplify
n E2
(z ) 2
= pˆ qˆ (z )2
2
(z 2 )2 2 apply multiplication property of equality
n E2
(z ) 2
= pˆ qˆ (z ) 2
2
(z 2 )2 2 simplify/cancel out common factor
n E 2 = pˆ qˆ (z )2
2
E E
E E
pˆ qˆ (z )2
n=
2
simplify
E2
2
z 2
n = pˆ qˆ apply associative property of equality
E
Thus, the formula in determining the minimum sample size when estimating a
2
z 2
population proportion is n = pˆ qˆ
E
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Steps in Solving for Sample Size involving Proportions
Illustrative Examples:
Solution:
Solution:
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What’s More
DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems. Write your answers and complete
solutions on your notebook.
z
2
What I Can Do
DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems. Write your answers and complete
solutions on your notebook.
I learned that:
✓ the formula in determining the minimum sample needed when estimating
z
2
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Assessment
POST TEST
Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on your notebook.
1. Which of the following is a range of values that contains the parameter value?
e. Confidence limit c. confidence coefficient
f. Confidence interval d. confidence level
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8. How many bottles of the fruit juice drink of the same brand does he need for a
sample?
a. 31 c. 62
b. 50 d. 80
For numbers 9 – 12.
A politician wants to know his chances of winning in the next election. He has
tasked a researcher to interview a random sample of his constituents about
their perceptions of his leadership. Previous polls have revealed that
approximately 62.5% are in favor of his leadership. The politician has adopted
the 0.95 level of confidence and of the population value by at most 0.02.
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References
De Armas, Mary R., Ocampo, Jose M., Marquez, Wilmer G., Ansatacio, Teresita M.,
Coralejo, Enrique F. 2016. Senior High Conceptual Math & Beyond: Statistics
and Probability. Quezon City: Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc.
Belecina, Rene R., BAccay, Elisa S., Mateo, Efren B. 2016. Statistics and Probability
.Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
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